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Yan Z, Liu Y, Xiong J, Wang B, Dai L, Gao M, Pan T, Yang W, Lin Y. Hierarchical Serpentine-Helix Combination for 3D Stretchable Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210238. [PMID: 36896499 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
3D stretchable electronics attract growing interest due to their new and more complex functionalities compared to 1D or 2D counterparts. Among all 3D configuration designs, a 3D helical structure is commonly used as it can be designed to achieve outstanding stretching ratios as well as highly robust mechanical performance. However, the stretching ratio that mainly focuses on the axis direction hinders its applications. Inspired by hierarchies in a tendon, a novel structural design of hierarchical 3D serpentine-helix combination is proposed. The structural design constructed by a sequence with repeating small units winding in a helical manner around the axis can enable large mechanical forces transferred down to a smaller scale with the dissipation of potentially damaging stresses by microscale buckling, thereby endowing the electronic components made from high-performance but hard-to-stretch materials with large stretchability (≥200%) in x-, y-, or z-axis direction, high structural stability, and extraordinary electromechanical performance. Two applications including a wireless charging patch and an epidermal electronic system are demonstrated. The epidermal electronic system made of several hierarchical 3D serpentine-helix combinations allows for high-fidelity monitoring of electrophysiological signals, galvanic skin response, and finger-movement-induced electrical signals, which can achieve good tactile pattern recognition when combined with an artificial neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuocheng Yan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Jian Xiong
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Lingliang Dai
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Min Gao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Taisong Pan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
- Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Lin
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
- Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
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Zhao Z, Wu H, Liu X, Kang D, Xiao Z, Lin Q, Zhang A. Synthesis and characterization of tung oil-based UV curable for three-dimensional printing resins. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22119-22130. [PMID: 36043097 PMCID: PMC9364080 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03182e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Using tung oil as the raw material, a new bio-based prepolymer was successfully synthesized by reacting with acrylic-modified rosin (β-acryloyl nutrient ethyl) ester (ARA)/acrylic-2-hydroxyethyl ester (HEA) followed by the use of the above composite material as the matrix and then reacting with the active diluent (2-HEMA, TPGDA) and the photoinitiator TPO and Irgacure1173 to successfully synthesize a new type of bio-based prepolymer-acrylate-epoxy tung oil polypolymer (AETP). The tung oil monomer before and after the epoxy formation was compared by proton NMR spectroscopy, and the chemical structure of AETP was analyzed by Fourier transform spectroscopy. Tung oil has an acid value of 1.5 mg KOH per g, an epoxy value of 5.38%, an iodine value of 11.28 g/100 g, and a refractive index of n25 = 1.475. Composite-based 3D printing resins (like AETP) were cured using digital light treatment, while some samples were also post-treated via ultraviolet (UV) light treatment. The AETP-based 3D printing resin has excellent thermal and mechanical properties, and the viscosity of its system is 313 mPa s; exposure time 4.5 s; the tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus were 62 MPA, 63.84 MPa and 916.708 MPa, respectively; Shore hardness was 80 HD and shrinkage was 4.00%. The good performance of the AETP-based 3D printing resin is attributed to the rigidity of their tightly crosslinked structure. This study pioneered a method for producing photoactive acrylates (e.g., tung oil-based acrylate oligomer resins) from renewable, low-cost biomass for light-curing 3D printing. Using tung oil as the raw material, a new bio-based prepolymer was synthesized by reacting with ARA/HEA as the matrix and then reacting with the diluent and photoinitiator to synthesize a new bio-based prepolymer-acrylate-epoxy tung oil polypolymer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Zhao
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China .,State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry Changsha 410000 China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry Changsha 410000 China
| | - Xudong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry Changsha 410000 China
| | - Desheng Kang
- Hunan Xiangchun Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd Changsha 410000 China
| | - Zhihong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry Changsha 410000 China
| | - Qiquan Lin
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry Changsha 410000 China
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He Y, Zhou T, Ning Y, Hu Y, Yu Q, Zhao W, Wang X, Kumar AS. Three-level nanogrooves by vibration-assisted fly-cutting for diffraction regulation and array output. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:2730-2733. [PMID: 35648916 DOI: 10.1364/ol.459748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Integrating geometric and diffractive optics functions is urgently needed to develop compact equipment for integrating diffraction manipulation and arrayed outputs. In this Letter, a superimposed three-level-grooved surface is proposed to manipulate the diffraction of visible light and provide an array output. Structure design, vibration-assisted fly-cutting, finite-difference time-domain calculations, and diffraction tests are conducted to fabricate the three-level grooves and explore the diffraction mechanism. Nanogrooves with a period close to the middle wavelength of the spectrum primarily enhances the diffraction at low diffraction orders and angles because of resonance. Optical tests prove that these superimposed three-level nanogrooves have a large bandwidth when providing the array output and serving to control and transmit diffracted light. They also show stronger performance for manipulating low diffraction orders.
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Zhang H, Shu J, Liu Z, Wu J. High-Performance Crack-Resistant Elastomer with Tunable "J-Shaped" Stress-Strain Behavior Inspired by the Brown Pelican. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22489-22496. [PMID: 35507507 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The gular sac tissue of brown pelican featured by the curvy pattern of fibers has an excellent combination of strain-stiffening behavior and fracture resistance. We develop an embroidery-reinforcement and solvent-welding strategy to fabricate a biomimetic elastomer with similar structure to that of the gular sac tissue. The embroidery reinforcement enables a well-designed biomimetic pattern of aramid fibers, and the solvent welding induces strong interfacial interaction between the aramid fibers and polyurethane matrix. This strategy endows the composite with excellent strain-stiffening behavior, fracture resistance, mechanical strength, and toughness, which are even better than the living prototype. Finite elements analysis reveals that the curvy pattern and strong interfacial interaction are crucial for both the J-shape behavior and the mechanical properties. The facile and robust strategy can be extended to other fibers reinforced polymers and should be promising for development of strong and tough soft materials with "J-shape" behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jingheng Shu
- Key Lab for Biomechanical Engineering of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhan Liu
- Key Lab for Biomechanical Engineering of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Computer vision-aided bioprinting for bone research. Bone Res 2022; 10:21. [PMID: 35217642 PMCID: PMC8881598 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioprinting is an emerging additive manufacturing technology that has enormous potential in bone implantation and repair. The insufficient accuracy of the shape of bioprinted parts is a primary clinical barrier that prevents widespread utilization of bioprinting, especially for bone design with high-resolution requirements. During the last five years, the use of computer vision for process control has been widely practiced in the manufacturing field. Computer vision can improve the performance of bioprinting for bone research with respect to various aspects, including accuracy, resolution, and cell survival rate. Hence, computer vision plays a substantial role in addressing the current defect problem in bioprinting for bone research. In this review, recent advances in the application of computer vision in bioprinting for bone research are summarized and categorized into three groups based on different defect types: bone scaffold process control, deep learning, and cell viability models. The collection of printing parameters, data processing, and feedback of bioprinting information, which ultimately improves printing capabilities, are further discussed. We envision that computer vision may offer opportunities to accelerate bioprinting development and provide a new perception for bone research.
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Panraksa P, Zhang B, Rachtanapun P, Jantanasakulwong K, Qi S, Jantrawut P. ‘Tablet-in-Syringe’: A Novel Dosing Mechanism for Dysphagic Patients Containing Fast-Disintegrating Tablets Fabricated Using Semisolid Extrusion 3D Printing. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020443. [PMID: 35214175 PMCID: PMC8879151 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the ability to fabricate personalized dosage forms and considerably shorter manufacturing time, semisolid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing has rapidly grown in popularity in recent years as a novel, versatile manufacturing method that powers a wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical field. In this work, the feasibility of using SSE 3D printing to fabricate fast-disintegrating tablets (FDTs) that are pre-filled in dosing syringes was evaluated. The novel design approach, ‘tablet-in-syringe’, was aimed to ease the oral drug administration and improve the dosing accuracy for dysphagic patients. The effect of varying polymer (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E15) concentrations and printing parameters (e.g., extrusion rate) on dimensional accuracy, physicochemical properties, disintegration time, and content uniformity of 3D-printed FDTs was studied. An overall comparison of results demonstrated that the best FDT formulation among those developed was with a polymer:drug ratio (w/w) of 1:30, printed at extrusion rate of 3.5 μL/s. The diameter of printed filaments of this formulation was observed to be similar to the nozzle diameter (22G), proving that good printing accuracy was achieved. This FDTs also had the fastest disintegration time (0.81 ± 0.14 min) and a drug (phenytoin sodium, as the model drug) content uniformity that met pharmacopeial specifications. Although the flow characteristics of the dissolved formulation still need improvement, our findings suggested that the novel ‘tablet-in-syringe’ could potentially be considered as a promising fast-disintegrating drug delivery system that can be personalized and manufactured at—or close to—the point of care for dysphagic patients using SSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattaraporn Panraksa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Division of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, School of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.R.); (K.J.)
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Division of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, School of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.R.); (K.J.)
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Sheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
- Correspondence: (S.Q.); or (P.J.); Tel.: +44-1603592925 (S.Q.); +66-53944309 (P.J.)
| | - Pensak Jantrawut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Correspondence: (S.Q.); or (P.J.); Tel.: +44-1603592925 (S.Q.); +66-53944309 (P.J.)
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Study of Microscale Meniscus Confined Electrodeposition Based on COMSOL. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12121591. [PMID: 34945441 PMCID: PMC8709112 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The rate and quality of microscale meniscus confined electrodeposition represent the key to micromanipulation based on electrochemistry and are extremely susceptible to the ambient relative humidity, electrolyte concentration, and applied voltage. To solve this problem, based on a neural network and genetic algorithm approach, this paper optimizes the process parameters of the microscale meniscus confined electrodeposition to achieve high-efficiency and -quality deposition. First, with the COMSOL Multiphysics, the influence factors of electrodeposition were analyzed and the range of high efficiency and quality electrodeposition parameters were discovered. Second, based on the back propagation (BP) neural network, the relationships between influence factors and the rate of microscale meniscus confined electrodeposition were established. Then, in order to achieve effective electrodeposition, the determined electrodeposition rate of 5 × 10−8 m/s was set as the target value, and the genetic algorithm was used to optimize each parameter. Finally, based on the optimization parameters obtained, we proceeded with simulations and experiments. The results indicate that the deposition rate maximum error is only 2.0% in experiments. The feasibility and accuracy of the method proposed in this paper were verified.
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Hasselmann S, Hahn L, Lorson T, Schätzlein E, Sébastien I, Beudert M, Lühmann T, Neubauer JC, Sextl G, Luxenhofer R, Heinrich D. Freeform direct laser writing of versatile topological 3D scaffolds enabled by intrinsic support hydrogel. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:3334-3344. [PMID: 34617095 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00925g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel approach to create arbitrarily shaped 3D hydrogel objects is presented, wherein freeform two-photon polymerization (2PP) is enabled by the combination of a photosensitive hydrogel and an intrinsic support matrix. This way, topologies without physical contact such as a highly porous 3D network of concatenated rings were realized, which are impossible to manufacture with most current 3D printing technologies. Micro-Raman and nanoindentation measurements show the possibility to control water uptake and hence tailor the Young's modulus of the structures via the light dosage, proving the versatility of the concept regarding many scaffold characteristics that makes it well suited for cell specific cell culture as demonstrated by cultivation of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hasselmann
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering Neunerplatz 2, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Lukas Hahn
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Germany
| | - Thomas Lorson
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Germany
| | - Eva Schätzlein
- East Bavarian Technical University of Applied Sciences, Prüfeninger Str. 58, Regensburg 93049, Germany
| | - Isabelle Sébastien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Neunerplatz 2, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Matthias Beudert
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Julia C Neubauer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Neunerplatz 2, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sextl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, Würzburg 97082, Germany.
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Germany
- Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Faculty of Science University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Doris Heinrich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, Würzburg 97082, Germany.
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques, Rosenhof, Heilbad Heiligenstadt 37308, Germany
- Faculty for Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany
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Wu L, Beirne S, Cabot JM, Paull B, Wallace GG, Innis PC. Fused filament fabrication 3D printed polylactic acid electroosmotic pumps. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3338-3351. [PMID: 34231640 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00452b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (3D printing) offers a flexible approach for the production of bespoke microfluidic structures such as the electroosmotic pump. Here a readily accessible fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technique has been employed for the first time to produce microcapillary structures using low cost thermoplastics in a scalable electroosmotic pump application. Capillary structures were formed using a negative space 3D printing approach to deposit longitudinal filament arrangements with polylactic acid (PLA) in either "face-centre cubic" or "body-centre cubic" arrangements, where the voids deliberately formed within the deposited structure act as functional micro-capillaries. These 3D printed capillary structures were shown to be capable of functioning as a simple electroosmotic pump (EOP), where the maximum flow rate of a single capillary EOP was up to 1.0 μl min-1 at electric fields of up to 750 V cm-1. Importantly, higher flow rates were readily achieved by printing parallel multiplexed capillary arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, 2522 Australia.
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Podsiadły B, Skalski A, Słoma M. Soldering of Electronics Components on 3D-Printed Conductive Substrates. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143850. [PMID: 34300771 PMCID: PMC8307507 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid development of additive manufacturing and new composites materials with unique properties are promising tools for fabricating structural electronics. However, according to the typical maximum resolution of additive manufacturing methods, there is no possibility to fabricate all electrical components with these techniques. One way to produce complex structural electronic circuits is to merge 3D-printed elements with standard electronic components. Here, different soldering and surface preparation methods before soldering are tested to find the optimal method for soldering typical electronic components on conductive, 3D-printed, composite substrates. To determine the optimal soldering condition, the contact angles of solder joints fabricated in different conditions were measured. Additionally, the mechanical strength of the joints was measured using the shear force test. The research shows a possibility of fabricating strong, conductive solder joints on composites substrates prepared by additive manufacturing. The results show that mechanical cleaning and using additional flux on the composite substrates are necessary to obtain high-quality solder joints. The most repeatable joints with the highest shear strength values were obtained using reflow soldering together with low-temperature SnBiAg solder alloy. A fabricated demonstrator is a sample of the successful merging of 3D-printed structural electronics with standard electronic components.
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Zhao Y, Mei H, Chang P, Chen C, Cheng L, Dassios KG. Infinite Approaching Superlubricity by Three-Dimensional Printed Structures. ACS NANO 2021; 15:240-257. [PMID: 33356150 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology opens great opportunities for the design of various multiscale lubrication structures. 3D printing allows high customization of arbitrary complex structures and rapid prototyping of objects, which provides an avenue to achieve effective lubrication. Current experimental observations on superlubricity are limited to atomically smooth clean surfaces, extreme operating conditions, and nano- or microscales. With the in-depth exploration of 3D printed lubrication, construction of multifunctional 3D structures with refined dimensions spanning from micronanoscale to macroscale is increasingly regarded as an important means to approach superlubricity and has aroused great scientific interest. To document recent advances in 3D printing for structural lubrication, a detailed literature review is provided. Emphasis is given on the design and lubrication performance of geometric and bioinspired lubrication structures with characteristic dimensions. The material requirements, merits, drawbacks, and representative applications of various 3D printing techniques are summarized. Potential future research trends aiming at the design strategy and manufacturing process of 3D printed lubrication structures are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Hui Mei
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Peng Chang
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Laifei Cheng
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
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12
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Hou X, Xu H, Zhen T, Wu W. Recent developments in three-dimensional graphene-based electrochemical sensors for food analysis. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Golod SV, Gayduk AE, Kurus NN, Kubarev VV, Prinz VY. 3D micro/nanoshaping of metal strip arrays by direct imprinting for chiral metasurfaces. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:435302. [PMID: 32647101 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aba46c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An original hybrid method for three-dimensional (3D) shaping of micro- and nanostructures by direct imprinting of lithographically patterned metal 2D-elements on a polymer substrate is proposed. The technological features of the method are demonstrated by transforming Au micro/nanostrip arrays into 3D half-turn helices. The metasurface formed by an array of 3D half-turn Au microhelices in the surface layer of a polymer substrate rotates the polarization plane of transmitted 3 THz radiation through an angle in excess of 50°. Both experimentally and numerically, it is established that the metasurface permits to control the state of polarization and the intensity of transmitted linearly polarized THz radiation using half-wavelength and guided-mode resonances as well as diffraction effects. The proposed approach enables the fabrication of double-layer arrays of half-helices, designed for infrared metasurfaces, from 80 nm wide Au nanostrips. These studies not only pave the way towards the fabrication of large-area chiral metamaterials but, also, open a new avenue in the development of 3D micro/nanostructures for other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Golod
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Armstrong AA, Alleyne AG, Wagoner Johnson AJ. 1D and 2D error assessment and correction for extrusion-based bioprinting using process sensing and control strategies. Biofabrication 2020; 12:045023. [PMID: 32702687 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aba8ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The bioprinting literature currently lacks: (i) process sensing tools to measure material deposition, (ii) performance metrics to evaluate system performance, and (iii) control tools to correct for and avoid material deposition errors. The lack of process sensing tools limits in vivo functionality of bioprinted parts since accurate material deposition is critical to mimicking the heterogeneous structures of native tissues. We present a process monitoring and control strategy for extrusion-based fabrication that addresses all three gaps to improve material deposition. Our strategy uses a non-contact laser displacement scanner that measures both the spatial material placement and width of the deposited material. We developed a custom image processing script that uses the laser scanner data and defined error metrics for assessing material deposition. To implement process control, the script uses the error metrics to modify control inputs for the next deposition iteration in order to correct for the errors. A key contribution is the definition of a novel method to quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of printed constructs. We implement the process monitoring and control strategy on an extrusion-printing system to evaluate system performance and demonstrate improvement in both material placement and material width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Armstrong
- The University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States of America
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15
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Reiser A, Koch L, Dunn KA, Matsuura T, Iwata F, Fogel O, Kotler Z, Zhou N, Charipar K, Piqué A, Rohner P, Poulikakos D, Lee S, Seol SK, Utke I, van Nisselroy C, Zambelli T, Wheeler JM, Spolenak R. Metals by Micro-Scale Additive Manufacturing: Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1910491. [PMID: 32684902 PMCID: PMC7357576 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201910491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Many emerging applications in microscale engineering rely on the fabrication of 3D architectures in inorganic materials. Small-scale additive manufacturing (AM) aspires to provide flexible and facile access to these geometries. Yet, the synthesis of device-grade inorganic materials is still a key challenge toward the implementation of AM in microfabrication. Here, a comprehensive overview of the microstructural and mechanical properties of metals fabricated by most state-of-the-art AM methods that offer a spatial resolution ≤10 μm is presented. Standardized sets of samples are studied by cross-sectional electron microscopy, nanoindentation, and microcompression. It is shown that current microscale AM techniques synthesize metals with a wide range of microstructures and elastic and plastic properties, including materials of dense and crystalline microstructure with excellent mechanical properties that compare well to those of thin-film nanocrystalline materials. The large variation in materials' performance can be related to the individual microstructure, which in turn is coupled to the various physico-chemical principles exploited by the different printing methods. The study provides practical guidelines for users of small-scale additive methods and establishes a baseline for the future optimization of the properties of printed metallic objects-a significant step toward the potential establishment of AM techniques in microfabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Reiser
- Laboratory for NanometallurgyDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 1‐5/10Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Lukas Koch
- Laboratory for NanometallurgyDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 1‐5/10Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Kathleen A. Dunn
- College of Nanoscale Science & EngineeringSUNY Polytechnic Institute257 Fuller RoadAlbanyNY12203USA
| | - Toshiki Matsuura
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and TechnologyShizuoka UniversityJohoku, Naka‐kuHamamatsu432‐8561Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and TechnologyShizuoka UniversityJohoku, Naka‐kuHamamatsu432‐8561Japan
| | - Ofer Fogel
- Additive Manufacturing LaboratoryOrbotech Ltd.P.O. Box 215Yavne81101Israel
| | - Zvi Kotler
- Additive Manufacturing LaboratoryOrbotech Ltd.P.O. Box 215Yavne81101Israel
| | - Nanjia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of EngineeringWestlake University18 Shilongshan RoadHangzhouZhejiang Province310024China
- Institute of Advanced TechnologyWestlake Institute for Advanced Study18 Shilongshan RoadHangzhouZhejiang Province310024China
| | - Kristin Charipar
- Materials Science and Technology DivisionNaval Research Laboratory4555 Overlook Ave. SWWashingtonDC20375USA
| | - Alberto Piqué
- Materials Science and Technology DivisionNaval Research Laboratory4555 Overlook Ave. SWWashingtonDC20375USA
| | - Patrik Rohner
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging TechnologiesDepartment of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZürichSonneggstr. 3Zürich8092Switzerland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging TechnologiesDepartment of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZürichSonneggstr. 3Zürich8092Switzerland
| | - Sanghyeon Lee
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina
| | - Seung Kwon Seol
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research CenterKorea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI)Changwon‐SiGyeongsangnam‐do51543Republic of Korea
- Electrical Functionality Materials EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology (UST)Changwon‐SiGyeongsangnam‐do51543Republic of Korea
| | - Ivo Utke
- Laboratory of Mechanics for Materials and NanostructuresEmpaFeuerwerkerstrasse 39Thun3602Switzerland
| | - Cathelijn van Nisselroy
- Laboratory of Biosensors and BioelectronicsDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZürichGloriastrasse 35Zürich8092Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and BioelectronicsDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZürichGloriastrasse 35Zürich8092Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey M. Wheeler
- Laboratory for NanometallurgyDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 1‐5/10Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Ralph Spolenak
- Laboratory for NanometallurgyDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 1‐5/10Zürich8093Switzerland
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16
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Blachowicz T, Ehrmann A. 3D Printed MEMS Technology-Recent Developments and Applications. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E434. [PMID: 32326136 PMCID: PMC7231376 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are of high interest for recent electronic applications. Their applications range from medicine to measurement technology, from microfluidics to the Internet of Things (IoT). In many cases, MEMS elements serve as sensors or actuators, e.g., in recent mobile phones, but also in future autonomously driving cars. Most MEMS elements are based on silicon, which is not deformed plastically under a load, as opposed to metals. While highly sophisticated solutions were already found for diverse MEMS sensors, actuators, and other elements, MEMS fabrication is less standardized than pure microelectronics, which sometimes blocks new ideas. One of the possibilities to overcome this problem may be the 3D printing approach. While most 3D printing technologies do not offer sufficient resolution for MEMS production, and many of the common 3D printing materials cannot be used for this application, there are still niches in which the 3D printing of MEMS enables producing new structures and thus creating elements for new applications, or the faster and less expensive production of common systems. Here, we give an overview of the most recent developments and applications in 3D printing of MEMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Blachowicz
- Institute of Physics-Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Andrea Ehrmann
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
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17
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Armstrong AA, Norato J, Alleyne AG, Wagoner Johnson AJ. Direct process feedback in extrusion-based 3D bioprinting. Biofabrication 2019; 12:015017. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab4d97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Han Y, Wang Y, Jiang C, Lin H, Luo C, Qi R, Huang R, Peng H. Controllable preparation of helically structured polymer nanobelts by simple writing. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Advances in bioprinting using additive manufacturing. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 143:105167. [PMID: 31778785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Since its conception in the 1980's, several advances in the field of additive manufacturing have led to exploration of alternate as well as combination biomaterials. These progresses have directed the use of 3D printing in wider applications such as printing of dermal layers, cartilage, bone defects, and surgical implants. Furthermore, the incorporation of live and functional cells with or atop biomaterials has laid the foundation for its use in tissue engineering. The purpose of this review is to summarize the advances in 3D printing and bioprinting of several types of tissues such as skin, cartilage, bones, and cardiac valves. This review will address the current 3D technologies used in tissue construction and study the biomaterials being investigated. There are several requirements that need to be addressed, in order to reconstruct functional tissue such as mechanical strength, porosity of the replicate and cellular incorporation. Researchers have focused their studies to answer questions regarding these requirements.
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20
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Zhao Y, Kim A, Wan G, Tee BCK. Design and applications of stretchable and self-healable conductors for soft electronics. NANO CONVERGENCE 2019; 6:25. [PMID: 31367883 PMCID: PMC6669229 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-019-0195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soft and conformable electronics are emerging rapidly and is envisioned as the future of next-generation electronic devices where devices can be readily deployed in various environments, such as on-body, on-skin or as a biomedical implant. Modern day electronics require electrical conductors as the fundamental building block for stretchable electronic devices and systems. In this review, we will study the various strategies and methods of designing and fabricating materials which are conductive, stretchable and self-healable, and explore relevant applications such as flexible and stretchable sensors, electrodes and energy harvesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Aeree Kim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Guanxiang Wan
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Benjamin C K Tee
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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21
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Singh N, Herzer S. Downstream Processing Technologies/Capturing and Final Purification : Opportunities for Innovation, Change, and Improvement. A Review of Downstream Processing Developments in Protein Purification. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:115-178. [PMID: 28795201 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased pressure on upstream processes to maximize productivity has been crowned with great success, although at the cost of shifting the bottleneck to purification. As drivers were economical, focus is on now on debottlenecking downstream processes as the main drivers of high manufacturing cost. Devising a holistically efficient and economical process remains a key challenge. Traditional and emerging protein purification strategies with particular emphasis on methodologies implemented for the production of recombinant proteins of biopharmaceutical importance are reviewed. The breadth of innovation is addressed, as well as the challenges the industry faces today, with an eye to remaining impartial, fair, and balanced. In addition, the scope encompasses both chromatographic and non-chromatographic separations directed at the purification of proteins, with a strong emphasis on antibodies. Complete solutions such as integrated USP/DSP strategies (i.e., continuous processing) are discussed as well as gains in data quantity and quality arising from automation and high-throughput screening (HTS). Best practices and advantages through design of experiments (DOE) to access a complex design space such as multi-modal chromatography are reviewed with an outlook on potential future trends. A discussion of single-use technology, its impact and opportunities for further growth, and the exciting developments in modeling and simulation of DSP rounds out the overview. Lastly, emerging trends such as 3D printing and nanotechnology are covered. Graphical Abstract Workflow of high-throughput screening, design of experiments, and high-throughput analytics to understand design space and design space boundaries quickly. (Reproduced with permission from Gregory Barker, Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nripen Singh
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Devens, MA, 01434, USA.
| | - Sibylle Herzer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Hopewell, NJ, 01434, USA
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22
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Zhao T, Yu R, Li S, Li X, Zhang Y, Yang X, Zhao X, Wang C, Liu Z, Dou R, Huang W. Superstretchable and Processable Silicone Elastomers by Digital Light Processing 3D Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14391-14398. [PMID: 30912634 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of photosensitive resins suitable for the production of silicone elastomers through digital light processing 3D printing are reported. Based on thiol-ene click reaction between a branched mercaptan-functionalized polysiloxane and different-molecular-weight vinyl-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane), silicone elastomers with tunable hardness and mechanical properties are obtained. Printed elastomeric objects show high printing resolution and excellent mechanical properties. The break elongation of the silicone elastomers can get up to 1400%, which is much higher than the reported UV-cured elastomers and is even higher than the most stretchable thermocuring silicone elastomers. The superstretchable silicone elastomers are then applied to fabricate stretchable electronics with carbon nanotubes-doped hydrogel. The printable and processable silicone elastomers have great potential applications in various fields, including soft robotics, flexible actuators, and medical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Yu
- Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology (SMT), Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100094 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinpan Li
- Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology (SMT), Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100094 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Dou
- Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology (SMT), Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100094 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
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23
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Prasad A, Kandasubramanian B. Fused deposition processing polycaprolactone of composites for biomedical applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2018.1563117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arya Prasad
- Institute of Plastics Technology, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET), Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Rapid Prototyping Lab, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, India
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24
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Soft, conductive nanocomposites based on ionic liquids/carbon nanotubes for 3D printing of flexible electronic devices. Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-018-0166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Amani H, Mostafavi E, Arzaghi H, Davaran S, Akbarzadeh A, Akhavan O, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Webster TJ. Three-Dimensional Graphene Foams: Synthesis, Properties, Biocompatibility, Biodegradability, and Applications in Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:193-214. [PMID: 33405863 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Presently, clinical nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology have impressively demanded the generation of new organic/inorganic analogues of graphene (as one of the intriguing biomedical research targets) for stem-cell-based tissue engineering. Among different shapes of graphene, three-dimensional (3D) graphene foams (GFs) are highly promising candidates to provide conditions for mimicking in vivo environments, affording effective cell attachment, proliferation,and differentiation due to their unique properties. These include the highest biocompatibility among nanostructures, high surface-to-volume ratio, 3D porous structure (to provide a homogeneous/isotropic growth of tissues), highly favorable mechanical characteristics, and rapid mass and electron transport kinetics (which are required for chemical/physical stimulation of differentiated cells). This review aims to describe recent and rapid advances in the fabrication of 3D GFs, together with their use in tissue engineering and regenerative nanomedicine applications. Moreover, we have summarized a broad range of recent studies about the behaviors, biocompatibility/toxicity,and biodegradability of these materials, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the highlights and challenges of these 3D porous structures, compared to the current polymeric scaffold competitors, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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26
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Yuan R, Nagarajan MB, Lee J, Voldman J, Doyle PS, Fink Y. Designable 3D Microshapes Fabricated at the Intersection of Structured Flow and Optical Fields. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1803585. [PMID: 30369043 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
3D structures with complex geometric features at the microscale, such as microparticles and microfibers, have promising applications in biomedical engineering, self-assembly, and photonics. Fabrication of complex 3D microshapes at scale poses a unique challenge; high-resolution methods such as two-photon-polymerization have print speeds too low for high-throughput production, while top-down approaches for bulk processing using microfabricated template molds have limited control of microstructure geometries over multiple axes. Here, a method for microshape fabrication is presented that combines a thermally drawn transparent fiber template with a masked UV-photopolymerization approach to enable biaxial control of microshape fabrication. Using this approach, high-resolution production of complex microshapes not producible using alternative methods is demonstrated, such as octahedrons, dreidels, and axially asymmetric fibers, at throughputs as high as 825 structures/minute. Finally, the fiber template is functionalized with conductive electrodes to enable hierarchical subparticle localization using dielectrophoretic forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodger Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Maxwell B Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jaemyon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joel Voldman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Patrick S Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yoel Fink
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Microsystems Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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27
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Hausmann MK, Rühs PA, Siqueira G, Läuger J, Libanori R, Zimmermann T, Studart AR. Dynamics of Cellulose Nanocrystal Alignment during 3D Printing. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6926-6937. [PMID: 29975510 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The alignment of anisotropic particles during ink deposition directly affects the microstructure and properties of materials manufactured by extrusion-based 3D printing. Although particle alignment in diluted suspensions is well described by analytical and numerical models, the dynamics of particle orientation in the highly concentrated inks typically used for printing via direct ink writing (DIW) remains poorly understood. Using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as model building blocks of increasing technological relevance, we study the dynamics of particle alignment under the shear stresses applied to concentrated inks during DIW. With the help of in situ polarization rheology, we find that the time period needed for particle alignment scales inversely with the applied shear rate and directly with the particle concentration. Such dependences can be quantitatively described by a simple scaling relation and qualitatively interpreted in terms of steric and hydrodynamic interactions between particles at high shear rates and particle concentrations. Our understanding of the alignment dynamics is then utilized to estimate the effect of shear stresses on the orientation of particles during the printing process. Finally, proof-of-concept experiments show that the combination of shear and extensional flow in 3D printing nozzles of different geometries provides an effective means to tune the orientation of CNCs from fully aligned to core-shell architectures. These findings offer powerful quantitative guidelines for the digital manufacturing of composite materials with programmed particle orientations and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Hausmann
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
- Applied Wood Materials Laboratory , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Patrick A Rühs
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Gilberto Siqueira
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
- Applied Wood Materials Laboratory , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Jörg Läuger
- Anton Paar Germany GmbH , Helmuth-Hirth-Strasse 6 , D-73760 Ostfildern , Germany
| | - Rafael Libanori
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Tanja Zimmermann
- Applied Wood Materials Laboratory , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - André R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
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28
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Oderinde O, Liu S, Li K, Kang M, Imtiaz H, Yao F, Fu G. Multifaceted polymeric materials in three-dimensional processing (3DP) technologies: Current progress and prospects. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Oderinde
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University; Jiangning District Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Shunli Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University; Jiangning District Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Kewen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University; Jiangning District Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Mengmeng Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University; Jiangning District Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Hussain Imtiaz
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University; Jiangning District Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Fang Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University; Jiangning District Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Guodong Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University; Jiangning District Nanjing 211189 China
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29
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Wang H, Ning X, Li H, Luan H, Xue Y, Yu X, Fan Z, Li L, Rogers JA, Zhang Y, Huang Y. Vibration of Mechanically-Assembled 3D Microstructures Formed by Compressive Buckling. JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS 2018; 112:187-208. [PMID: 29713095 PMCID: PMC5918305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) that rely on structural vibrations have many important applications, ranging from oscillators and actuators, to energy harvesters and vehicles for measurement of mechanical properties. Conventional MEMS, however, mostly utilize two-dimensional (2D) vibrational modes, thereby imposing certain limitations that are not present in 3D designs (e.g., multi-directional energy harvesting). 3D vibrational microplatforms assembled through the techniques of controlled compressive buckling are promising because of their complex 3D architectures and the ability to tune their vibrational behaviour (e.g., natural frequencies and modes) by reversibly changing their dimensions by deforming their soft, elastomeric substrates. A clear understanding of such strain-dependent vibration behaviour is essential for their practical applications. Here, we present a study on the linear and nonlinear vibration of such 3D mesostructures through analytical modeling, finite element analysis (FEA) and experiment. An analytical solution is obtained for the vibration mode and linear natural frequency of a buckled ribbon, indicating a mode change as the static deflection amplitude increases. The model also yields a scaling law for linear natural frequency that can be extended to general, complex 3D geometries, as validated by FEA and experiment. In the regime of nonlinear vibration, FEA suggests that an increase of amplitude of external loading represents an effective means to enhance the bandwidth. The results also uncover a reduced nonlinearity of vibration as the static deflection amplitude of the 3D structures increases. The developed analytical model can be used in the development of new 3D vibrational microplatforms, for example, to enable simultaneous measurement of diverse mechanical properties (density, modulus, viscosity etc.) of thin films and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heling Wang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Xin Ning
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Haibo Li
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Haiwen Luan
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Yeguang Xue
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Zhichao Fan
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Mechanics and Materials and Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Luming Li
- Man-machine-Environment Engineering Institute, Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - John A. Rogers
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Neurological Surgery, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, McCormick School of Engineering and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Yihui Zhang
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Mechanics and Materials and Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: (Y.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: (Y.Z.); (Y.H.)
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Lu H, Wang P, Tan R, Yang X, Shen Y. Nanorobotic System for Precise In-situ 3D Manufacture of Helical Microstructures. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2018.2846051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Gao G, Huang Y, Schilling AF, Hubbell K, Cui X. Organ Bioprinting: Are We There Yet? Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29193879 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
About 15 years ago, bioprinting was coined as one of the ultimate solutions to engineer vascularized tissues, which was impossible to accomplish using the conventional tissue fabrication approaches. With the advances of 3D-printing technology during the past decades, one may expect 3D bioprinting being developed as much as 3D printing. Unfortunately, this is not the case. The printing principles of bioprinting are dramatically different from those applied in industrialized 3D printing, as they have to take the living components into account. While the conventional 3D-printing technologies are actually applied for biological or biomedical applications, true 3D bioprinting involving direct printing of cells and other biological substances for tissue reconstruction is still in its infancy. In this progress report, the current status of bioprinting in academia and industry is subjectively evaluated. The progress made is acknowledged, and the existing bottlenecks in bioprinting are discussed. Recent breakthroughs from a variety of associated fields, including mechanical engineering, robotic engineering, computing engineering, chemistry, material science, cellular biology, molecular biology, system control, and medicine may overcome some of these current bottlenecks. For this to happen, a convergence of these areas into a systemic research area "3D bioprinting" is needed to develop bioprinting as a viable approach for creating fully functional organs for standard clinical diagnosis and treatment including transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Gao
- School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430070 China
- ForelandTech Incorporated; Hangzhou Zhejiang 311215 China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430070 China
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- Clinic for Trauma Surgery; Orthopaedic Surgery and Plastic Surgery; University Medical Center Göttingen; Robert Koch Strasse 40 D-37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Karen Hubbell
- ForelandTech Incorporated; Hangzhou Zhejiang 311215 China
- Stemorgan Incorporated; Allen TX 75013 USA
| | - Xiaofeng Cui
- School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430070 China
- ForelandTech Incorporated; Hangzhou Zhejiang 311215 China
- Stemorgan Incorporated; Allen TX 75013 USA
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32
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Legge EJ, Ahmad M, Smith CTG, Brennan B, Mills CA, Stolojan V, Pollard AJ, Silva SRP. Physicochemical characterisation of reduced graphene oxide for conductive thin films. RSC Adv 2018; 8:37540-37549. [PMID: 35557804 PMCID: PMC9089401 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08849g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a combined process for the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) via vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and thermal annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Legge
- Advanced Technology Institute
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
- National Physical Laboratory
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Advanced Technology Institute
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
| | | | | | - Christopher A. Mills
- Advanced Technology Institute
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
- Metallic and Functional Coatings Group
| | - Vlad Stolojan
- Advanced Technology Institute
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
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33
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Liu P, Li Y, Xu Y, Bao L, Wang L, Pan J, Zhang Z, Sun X, Peng H. Stretchable and Energy-Efficient Heating Carbon Nanotube Fiber by Designing a Hierarchically Helical Structure. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1702926. [PMID: 29193682 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the hierarchically helical structure of classical thermal insulation material-wool, a stretchable heating carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber is created with excellent mechanical and heating properties. It can be stretched by up to 150% with high stability and reversibility, and a good thermal insulation is achieved from a large amount of formed hierarchically helical voids inside. Impressively, it exhibits ultrafast thermal response over 1000 °C s-1 , low operation voltage of several volts, and high heating stability over 5000 cycles. These hierarchically helical CNT fibers, for the first time, are demonstrated as monofilaments to produce soft and lightweight textiles at a large scale with high heating performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Luke Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Ventrici de Souza J, Liu Y, Wang S, Dörig P, Kuhl TL, Frommer J, Liu GY. Three-Dimensional Nanoprinting via Direct Delivery. J Phys Chem B 2017; 122:956-962. [PMID: 29120185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b06978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Direct writing methods are a generic and simple means to produce designed structures in three dimensions (3D). The printing is achieved by extruding printing materials through a nozzle, which provides a platform to deliver a wide range of materials. Although this method has been routinely used for 3D printing at macroscopic scales, miniaturization to micrometer and nanometer scales and building hierarchical structures at multidimensional scales represent new challenges in research and development. The current work addresses these challenges by combining the spatial precision of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and local delivery capability of microfluidics. Specialized AFM probes serve dual roles of a microscopy tip and a delivery tool, enabling the miniaturization of 3D printing via direct material delivery. Stacking grids of 20 μm periodicity were printed layer-by-layer covering 1 mm × 1 mm regions. The spatial fidelity was measured to be several nanometers, which is among the highest in 3D printing. The results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of achieving high precision 3D nanoprinting with nanometer feature size and accuracy with practical throughput and overall size. This work paves the way for advanced applications of 3D hierarchical nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Ventrici de Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | | | - Tonya L Kuhl
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jane Frommer
- IBM Almaden Research Center , San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Gang-Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
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Additive Manufacturing, Cloud-Based 3D Printing and Associated Services—Overview. JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING AND MATERIALS PROCESSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/jmmp1020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhakeyev A, Wang P, Zhang L, Shu W, Wang H, Xuan J. Additive Manufacturing: Unlocking the Evolution of Energy Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1700187. [PMID: 29051861 PMCID: PMC5644240 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The global energy infrastructure is undergoing a drastic transformation towards renewable energy, posing huge challenges on the energy materials research, development and manufacturing. Additive manufacturing has shown its promise to change the way how future energy system can be designed and delivered. It offers capability in manufacturing complex 3D structures, with near-complete design freedom and high sustainability due to minimal use of materials and toxic chemicals. Recent literatures have reported that additive manufacturing could unlock the evolution of energy materials and chemistries with unprecedented performance in the way that could never be achieved by conventional manufacturing techniques. This comprehensive review will fill the gap in communicating on recent breakthroughs in additive manufacturing for energy material and device applications. It will underpin the discoveries on what 3D functional energy structures can be created without design constraints, which bespoke energy materials could be additively manufactured with customised solutions, and how the additively manufactured devices could be integrated into energy systems. This review will also highlight emerging and important applications in energy additive manufacturing, including fuel cells, batteries, hydrogen, solar cell as well as carbon capture and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilet Zhakeyev
- School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghEH14 4ASUnited Kingdom
| | - Panfeng Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Wenmiao Shu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG4 0NWUnited Kingdom
| | - Huizhi Wang
- School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghEH14 4ASUnited Kingdom
| | - Jin Xuan
- School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghEH14 4ASUnited Kingdom
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Groen WM, Diloksumpan P, van Weeren PR, Levato R, Malda J. From intricate to integrated: Biofabrication of articulating joints. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:2089-2097. [PMID: 28621834 PMCID: PMC5655743 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Articulating joints owe their function to the specialized architecture and the complex interplay between multiple tissues including cartilage, bone and synovium. Especially the cartilage component has limited self-healing capacity and damage often leads to the onset of osteoarthritis, eventually resulting in failure of the joint as an organ. Although in its infancy, biofabrication has emerged as a promising technology to reproduce the intricate organization of the joint, thus enabling the introduction of novel surgical treatments, regenerative therapies, and new sets of tools to enhance our understanding of joint physiology and pathology. Herein, we address the current challenges to recapitulate the complexity of articulating joints and how biofabrication could overcome them. The combination of multiple materials, biological cues and cells in a layer-by-layer fashion, can assist in reproducing both the zonal organization of cartilage and the gradual transition from resilient cartilage toward the subchondral bone in biofabricated osteochondral grafts. In this way, optimal integration of engineered constructs with the natural surrounding tissues can be obtained. Mechanical characteristics, including the smoothness and low friction that are hallmarks of the articular surface, can be tuned with multi-head or hybrid printers by controlling the spatial patterning of printed structures. Moreover, biofabrication can use digital medical images as blueprints for printing patient-specific implants. Finally, the current rapid advances in biofabrication hold significant potential for developing joint-on-a-chip models for personalized medicine and drug testing or even for the creation of implants that may be used to treat larger parts of the articulating joint. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 35:2089-2097, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paweena Diloksumpan
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Equine SciencesUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Paul René van Weeren
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Equine SciencesUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtPO Box 85500, 3508 GAUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtPO Box 85500, 3508 GAUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Equine SciencesUtrechtThe Netherlands
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38
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Study on the flow properties of Ti-6Al-4V powders prepared by radio-frequency plasma spheroidization. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Yang H, Leow WR, Wang T, Wang J, Yu J, He K, Qi D, Wan C, Chen X. 3D Printed Photoresponsive Devices Based on Shape Memory Composites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1701627. [PMID: 28660620 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Compared with traditional stimuli-responsive devices with simple planar or tubular geometries, 3D printed stimuli-responsive devices not only intimately meet the requirement of complicated shapes at macrolevel but also satisfy various conformation changes triggered by external stimuli at the microscopic scale. However, their development is limited by the lack of 3D printing functional materials. This paper demonstrates the 3D printing of photoresponsive shape memory devices through combining fused deposition modeling printing technology and photoresponsive shape memory composites based on shape memory polymers and carbon black with high photothermal conversion efficiency. External illumination triggers the shape recovery of 3D printed devices from the temporary shape to the original shape. The effect of materials thickness and light density on the shape memory behavior of 3D printed devices is quantified and calculated. Remarkably, sunlight also triggers the shape memory behavior of these 3D printed devices. This facile printing strategy would provide tremendous opportunities for the design and fabrication of biomimetic smart devices and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ting Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Juan Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiancan Yu
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ke He
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Changjin Wan
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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40
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Yi Z, Lei Y, Zhang X, Chen Y, Guo J, Xu G, Yu MF, Cui P. Ultralow flexural properties of copper microhelices fabricated via electrodeposition-based three-dimensional direct-writing technology. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:12524-12532. [PMID: 28819668 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03803h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Helical metallic micro/nanostructures as functional components have considerable potential for future miniaturized devices, based on their unique mechanical and electrical properties. Thus, understanding and controlling the mechanical properties of metallic helices is desirable for their practical application. Herein, we implemented a direct-writing technique based on the electrodeposition method to grow copper microhelices with well-defined and programmable three-dimensional (3D) features. The mechanical properties of the 3D helical structures were studied by the electrically induced quasistatic and dynamic electromechanical resonance technique. These methods mainly explored the static pull-in process and the dynamic electromechanical response, respectively. It was found that the center-symmetric and vertical double copper microhelix structure with 1.2 μm wire diameter has a flexural rigidity of 0.9 × 10-14 N m2 and the single vertical copper microhelix structure with 1.1 μm wire diameter has a flexural rigidity of 0.5989 × 10-14 N m2. By comparing with microwires and other reported micro/nanohelices, we found that the copper microhelices reported here had an ultralow stiffness (about 0.13 ± 0.01 N m-1). It is found that the experimental results agree well with the finite element calculations. The proposed method can be used to fabricate and measure the flexural properties of three-dimensional complex micro/nanowire structures, and may have a profound effect on the application of microhelices in various useful microdevices such as helix-based microelectromechanical switches, sensors and actuators based on their unique mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiran Yi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
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41
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Linkhorst J, Percin K, Kriescher S, Wessling M. Laserless Additive Manufacturing of Membrane Electrode Assemblies. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Linkhorst
- RWTH Aachen University; Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Chemical Process Engineering; Forckenbeckstr. 51 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Korcan Percin
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Stefanie Kriescher
- RWTH Aachen University; Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Chemical Process Engineering; Forckenbeckstr. 51 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- RWTH Aachen University; Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Chemical Process Engineering; Forckenbeckstr. 51 52056 Aachen Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany
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42
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Kankala RK, Zhu K, Li J, Wang CS, Wang SB, Chen AZ. Fabrication of arbitrary 3D components in cardiac surgery: from macro-, micro- to nanoscale. Biofabrication 2017; 9:032002. [PMID: 28770811 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa8113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of tissue-/organ-like structures at arbitrary geometries by mimicking the properties of the complex material offers enormous interest to the research and clinical applicability in cardiovascular diseases. Patient-specific, durable, and realistic three-dimensional (3D) cardiac models for anatomic consideration have been developed for education, pro-surgery planning, and intra-surgery guidance. In cardiac tissue engineering (TE), 3D printing technology is the most convenient and efficient microfabrication method to create biomimetic cardiovascular tissue for the potential in vivo implantation. Although booming rapidly, this technology is still in its infancy. Herein, we provide an emphasis on the application of this technology in clinical practices, micro- and nanoscale fabrications by cardiac TE. Initially, we will give an overview on the fabrication methods that can be used to synthesize the arbitrary 3D components with controlled features and will subsequently highlight the current limitations and future perspective of 3D printing used for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
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43
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Ma Y, Feng X, Rogers JA, Huang Y, Zhang Y. Design and application of 'J-shaped' stress-strain behavior in stretchable electronics: a review. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1689-1704. [PMID: 28470286 PMCID: PMC5505255 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00289k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A variety of natural biological tissues (e.g., skin, ligaments, spider silk, blood vessel) exhibit 'J-shaped' stress-strain behavior, thereby combining soft, compliant mechanics and large levels of stretchability, with a natural 'strain-limiting' mechanism to prevent damage from excessive strain. Synthetic materials with similar stress-strain behaviors have potential utility in many promising applications, such as tissue engineering (to reproduce the nonlinear mechanical properties of real biological tissues) and biomedical devices (to enable natural, comfortable integration of stretchable electronics with biological tissues/organs). Recent advances in this field encompass developments of novel material/structure concepts, fabrication approaches, and unique device applications. This review highlights five representative strategies, including designs that involve open network, wavy and wrinkled morphologies, helical layouts, kirigami and origami constructs, and textile formats. Discussions focus on the underlying ideas, the fabrication/assembly routes, and the microstructure-property relationships that are essential for optimization of the desired 'J-shaped' stress-strain responses. Demonstration applications provide examples of the use of these designs in deformable electronics and biomedical devices that offer soft, compliant mechanics but with inherent robustness against damage from excessive deformation. We conclude with some perspectives on challenges and opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinji Ma
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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44
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Sang ZH, Xie XL, Zhou SY, Li Y, Yan Z, Xu L, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Gradient Structure of Crystalline Morphology in Injection-Molded Polylactide Parts Tuned by Oscillation Shear Flow and Its Influence on Thermomechanical Performance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hong Sang
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xu-Long Xie
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sheng-Yang Zhou
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ling Xu
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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45
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Yu Y, Fu F, Shang L, Cheng Y, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Bioinspired Helical Microfibers from Microfluidics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28266759 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Helical objects are among the most important and landmark structures in nature, and represent an emerging group of materials with unique spiral geometry; because of their enriched physical and chemical properties, they can have multiple functionalities. However, the fabrication of such complex helical materials at the micro- or nanoscale level remains a challenge. Here, a coaxial capillary microfluidic system, with the functions of consecutive spinning and spiraling, is presented for scalable generation of helical microfibers. The generation processes can be precisely tuned by adjusting the flow rates, and thus the length, diameter, and pitch of the helical microfibers are highly controllable. Varying the injection capillary design of the microfluidics enables the generation of helical microfibers with structures such as the novel Janus, triplex, core-shell, and even double-helix structures. The potential use of these helical microfibers is also explored for magnetically and thermodynamically triggered microsprings, as well as for a force indicator for contraction of cardiomyocytes. These indicate that such helical microfibers are highly versatile for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fanfan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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Hirt L, Reiser A, Spolenak R, Zambelli T. Additive Manufacturing of Metal Structures at the Micrometer Scale. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28052421 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the focus of additive manufacturing (AM) is shifting from simple prototyping to actual production. One driving factor of this process is the ability of AM to build geometries that are not accessible by subtractive fabrication techniques. While these techniques often call for a geometry that is easiest to manufacture, AM enables the geometry required for best performance to be built by freeing the design process from restrictions imposed by traditional machining. At the micrometer scale, the design limitations of standard fabrication techniques are even more severe. Microscale AM thus holds great potential, as confirmed by the rapid success of commercial micro-stereolithography tools as an enabling technology for a broad range of scientific applications. For metals, however, there is still no established AM solution at small scales. To tackle the limited resolution of standard metal AM methods (a few tens of micrometers at best), various new techniques aimed at the micrometer scale and below are presently under development. Here, we review these recent efforts. Specifically, we feature the techniques of direct ink writing, electrohydrodynamic printing, laser-assisted electrophoretic deposition, laser-induced forward transfer, local electroplating methods, laser-induced photoreduction and focused electron or ion beam induced deposition. Although these methods have proven to facilitate the AM of metals with feature sizes in the range of 0.1-10 µm, they are still in a prototype stage and their potential is not fully explored yet. For instance, comprehensive studies of material availability and material properties are often lacking, yet compulsory for actual applications. We address these items while critically discussing and comparing the potential of current microscale metal AM techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Hirt
- ETH and University of Zürich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alain Reiser
- ETH Zürich, Department of Materials, Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Spolenak
- ETH Zürich, Department of Materials, Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- ETH and University of Zürich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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Farayibi P, Abioye T. A study on the awareness level of additive manufacturing technology in south-western Nigeria. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1298231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Development of a Vibration-Based Electromagnetic Energy Harvester by a Conductive Direct-Write Process. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gelber MK, Kole MR, Kim N, Aluru NR, Bhargava R. Quantitative Chemical Imaging of Nonplanar Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1716-1723. [PMID: 27983804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Confocal and multiphoton optical imaging techniques have been powerful tools for evaluating the performance of and monitoring experiments within microfluidic devices, but this application suffers from two pitfalls. The first is that obtaining the necessary imaging contrast often requires the introduction of an optical label which can potentially change the behavior of the system. The emerging analytical technique stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy promises a solution, as it can rapidly measure 3D concentration maps based on vibrational spectra, label-free; however, when using any optical imaging technique, including SRS, there is an additional problem of optical aberration due to refractive index mismatch between the fluid and the device walls. New approaches such as 3D printing are extending the range of materials from which microfluidic devices can be fabricated; thus, the problem of aberration can be obviated simply by selecting a chip material that matches the refractive index of the desired fluid. To demonstrate complete chemical imaging of a geometrically complex device, we first use sacrificial molding of a freeform 3D printed template to create a round-channel, 3D helical micromixer in a low-refractive-index polymer. We then use SRS to image the mixing of aqueous glucose and salt solutions throughout the entire helix volume. This fabrication approach enables truly nonperturbative 3D chemical imaging with low aberration, and the concentration profiles measured within the device agree closely with numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Gelber
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Department of Bioengineering, §Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, and ∥Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Chemistry, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew R Kole
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Department of Bioengineering, §Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, and ∥Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Chemistry, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Namjung Kim
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Department of Bioengineering, §Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, and ∥Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Chemistry, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Narayana R Aluru
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Department of Bioengineering, §Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, and ∥Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Chemistry, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Department of Bioengineering, §Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, and ∥Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Chemistry, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Han Y, Yeo CCJ, Chen D, Wang F, Chong Y, Li X, Jiao X, Wang F. Nanowire enhanced dimensional accuracy in acrylate resin-based 3D printing. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02145c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
3D printing accuracy can be remarkably enhanced by incorporating nanowires into photopolymerizable resins through the elimination of curl distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Han
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Chee Chuan J. Yeo
- Polymeric Materials Department
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
| | - Dairong Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Polymeric Materials Department
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
| | - Yiting Chong
- Polymeric Materials Department
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
| | - Xu Li
- Polymeric Materials Department
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
| | - Xiuling Jiao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - FuKe Wang
- Polymeric Materials Department
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
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