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Akbarishandiz S, Khani S, Maia J. Adhesion dynamics of Janus nanocarriers to endothelial cells: A dissipative particle dynamics study. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:064408. [PMID: 39020963 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.064408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Janus nanocarriers (NCs) provide promising features in interfacial applications such as targeted drug delivery. Herein, we use dissipative particle dynamics simulations to study the adhesion dynamics of NCs with Janus ligand compositions to the endothelial cell as a function of a series of effects, such as the initial orientation, ligand density, shape, and size of Janus NCs. The Janus NCs, with its long axis parallel to the endothelial glycocalyx (EG) layer, has the best penetration depth due to its lower potential energy and the lowest shell entropy loss. Among different shapes of Janus NCs, both the potential energy and the EG entropy loss control the penetration. In fact, at the parallel orientations, Janus shapes with a robust mechanical strength and larger surface area at the EG/water interface can rotate and penetrate more efficiently. An increase in the ligand density of Janus NCs increases entropy losses of both the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic ligands and decreases the potential energy. Thus, for a specific Janus NCs, functionalizing with an appropriate ligand density would help driving forces prevail over barriers of penetration into the EG layer. For a particular ligand density, once the radius of the Janus NCs exceeds the appropriate size, barriers such as hydrophobic ligands and shell entropy losses are also reinforced significantly and surpass driving forces. Our observations reveal that entropy losses for hydrophobic ligands of Janus NCs and for the shell of NCs are decisive for the adhesion and penetration of Janus NCs to endothelial cells.
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2
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Kudryavtseva V, Sukhorukov GB. Features of Anisotropic Drug Delivery Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307675. [PMID: 38158786 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Natural materials are anisotropic. Delivery systems occurring in nature, such as viruses, blood cells, pollen, and many others, do have anisotropy, while delivery systems made artificially are mostly isotropic. There is apparent complexity in engineering anisotropic particles or capsules with micron and submicron sizes. Nevertheless, some promising examples of how to fabricate particles with anisotropic shapes or having anisotropic chemical and/or physical properties are developed. Anisotropy of particles, once they face biological systems, influences their behavior. Internalization by the cells, flow in the bloodstream, biodistribution over organs and tissues, directed release, and toxicity of particles regardless of the same chemistry are all reported to be factors of anisotropy of delivery systems. Here, the current methods are reviewed to introduce anisotropy to particles or capsules, including loading with various therapeutic cargo, variable physical properties primarily by anisotropic magnetic properties, controlling directional motion, and making Janus particles. The advantages of combining different anisotropy in one entity for delivery and common problems and limitations for fabrication are under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Kudryavtseva
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Gleb B Sukhorukov
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia
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3
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Li X, Zou J, He Z, Sun Y, Song X, He W. The interaction between particles and vascular endothelium in blood flow. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115216. [PMID: 38387770 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Particle-based drug delivery systems have shown promising application potential to treat human diseases; however, an incomplete understanding of their interactions with vascular endothelium in blood flow prevents their inclusion into mainstream clinical applications. The flow performance of nano/micro-sized particles in the blood are disturbed by many external/internal factors, including blood constituents, particle properties, and endothelium bioactivities, affecting the fate of particles in vivo and therapeutic effects for diseases. This review highlights how the blood constituents, hemodynamic environment and particle properties influence the interactions and particle activities in vivo. Moreover, we briefly summarized the structure and functions of endothelium and simulated devices for studying particle performance under blood flow conditions. Finally, based on particle-endothelium interactions, we propose future opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies and provide solutions to challenges in particle delivery systems for accelerating their clinical translation. This review helps provoke an increasing in-depth understanding of particle-endothelium interactions and inspires more strategies that may benefit the development of particle medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 2111198, PR China
| | - Jiahui Zou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 2111198, PR China
| | - Zhongshan He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, PR China
| | - Yanhua Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microparticles Drug Delivery Technology, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., LtD., Jinan 250000, PR China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, PR China.
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 2111198, PR China.
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4
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Keramati H, de Vecchi A, Rajani R, Niederer SA. Using Gaussian process for velocity reconstruction after coronary stenosis applicable in positron emission particle tracking: An in-silico study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295789. [PMID: 38096169 PMCID: PMC10721050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate velocity reconstruction is essential for assessing coronary artery disease. We propose a Gaussian process method to reconstruct the velocity profile using the sparse data of the positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) in a biological environment, which allows the measurement of tracer particle velocity to infer fluid velocity fields. We investigated the influence of tracer particle quantity and detection time interval on flow reconstruction accuracy. Three models were used to represent different levels of stenosis and anatomical complexity: a narrowed straight tube, an idealized coronary bifurcation with stenosis, and patient-specific coronary arteries with a stenotic left circumflex artery. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), particle tracking, and the Gaussian process of kriging were employed to simulate and reconstruct the pulsatile flow field. The study examined the error and uncertainty in velocity profile reconstruction after stenosis by comparing particle-derived flow velocity with the CFD solution. Using 600 particles (15 batches of 40 particles) released in the main coronary artery, the time-averaged error in velocity reconstruction ranged from 13.4% (no occlusion) to 161% (70% occlusion) in patient-specific anatomy. The error in maximum cross-sectional velocity at peak flow was consistently below 10% in all cases. PEPT and kriging tended to overestimate area-averaged velocity in higher occlusion cases but accurately predicted maximum cross-sectional velocity, particularly at peak flow. Kriging was shown to be useful to estimate the maximum velocity after the stenosis in the absence of negative near-wall velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Keramati
- School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adelaide de Vecchi
- School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ronak Rajani
- School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cardiology Department, Guy’s and St, Thomas’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven A. Niederer
- School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Turing Research and Innovation Cluster in Digital Twins (TRIC: DT), The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Athanasopoulou F, Manolakakis M, Vernia S, Kamaly N. Nanodrug delivery systems for metabolic chronic liver diseases: advances and perspectives. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:67-84. [PMID: 36896958 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicines are revolutionizing healthcare as recently demonstrated by the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna COVID-2019 vaccines, with billions of doses administered worldwide in a safe manner. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common noncommunicable chronic liver disease, posing a major growing challenge to global public health. However, due to unmet diagnostic and therapeutic needs, there is great interest in the development of novel translational approaches. Nanoparticle-based approaches offer novel opportunities for efficient and specific drug delivery to liver cells, as a step toward precision medicines. In this review, the authors highlight recent advances in nanomedicines for the generation of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Athanasopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Michail Manolakakis
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Santiago Vernia
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nazila Kamaly
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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6
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Luo Z, Sun L, Bian F, Wang Y, Yu Y, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Erythrocyte-Inspired Functional Materials for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206150. [PMID: 36581585 PMCID: PMC9951328 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocytes are the most abundant cells in the blood. As the results of long-term natural selection, their specific biconcave discoid morphology and cellular composition are responsible for gaining excellent biological performance. Inspired by the intrinsic features of erythrocytes, various artificial biomaterials emerge and find broad prospects in biomedical applications such as therapeutic delivery, bioimaging, and tissue engineering. Here, a comprehensive review from the fabrication to the applications of erythrocyte-inspired functional materials is given. After summarizing the biomaterials mimicking the biological functions of erythrocytes, the synthesis strategies of particles with erythrocyte-inspired morphologies are presented. The emphasis is on practical biomedical applications of these bioinspired functional materials. The perspectives for the future possibilities of the advanced erythrocyte-inspired biomaterials are also discussed. It is hoped that the summary of existing studies can inspire researchers to develop novel biomaterials; thus, accelerating the progress of these biomaterials toward clinical biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Lingyu Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Feika Bian
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Yunru Yu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health)Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhou325001China
| | - Zhuxiao Gu
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health)Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhou325001China
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7
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Marnoto S, Hashmi SM. Application of droplet migration scaling behavior to microchannel flow measurements. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:565-573. [PMID: 36562333 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00980c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In confined channels in low Reynolds number flow, droplets drift perpendicular to the flow, moving across streamlines. The phenomenon has proven useful for understanding microfluidic droplet separation, drug delivery vehicle optimization, and single-cell genomic amplification. Particles or droplets undergo several migration mechanisms including wall migration, hydrodynamic diffusion, and migration down gradients of shear. In simple shear flow only wall migration and hydrodynamic diffusion are present. In parabolic flow, droplets also move down gradients of shear. The resulting separation depends on parameters including particle size and stiffness, concentration, and flow rate. Computational methods can incorporate these effects in an exact manner to predict margination phenomena for specific systems, but do not generate a descriptive parametric dependence. In this paper, we present a scaling model that elucidates the parametric dependence of margination on emulsion droplet size, volume fraction, shear rate and suspending fluid viscosity. We experimentally measure the droplet depletion layer of silicone oil droplets and compare the results to theoretical scaling behavior that includes hydrodynamic diffusion and wall migration with and without an added shear-gradient migration. Results demonstrate the viability and limitations of applying a simple scaling behavior to experimental systems to describe parametric dependence. Our conclusions open the possibility for parametric descriptions of migration with broad applicability to particle and droplet systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Marnoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Sara M Hashmi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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8
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Li L, Wang S, Han K, Qi X, Ma S, Li L, Yin J, Li D, Li X, Qian J. Quantifying Shear-induced Margination and Adhesion of Platelets in Microvascular Blood Flow. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167824. [PMID: 36108775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Platelet margination and adhesion are two critical and closely related steps in thrombus formation. Using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method that seamlessly models blood cells, blood plasma, and vessel walls with functionalized surfaces, we quantify the shear-induced margination and adhesion of platelets in microvascular blood flow. The results show that the occurrence of shear-induced RBC-platelet collisions has a remarkable influence on the degree of platelet margination. We characterize the lateral motion of individual platelets by a mean square displacement analysis of platelet trajectories, and find that the wall-induced lift force and the shear-induced displacement in wall-bounded flow cause the variation in near-wall platelet distribution. We then investigate the platelet adhesive dynamics under different flow conditions, by conducting DPD simulations of blood flow in a microtube with fibrinogen-coated wall surfaces. We find that the platelet adhesion is enhanced with the increase of fibrinogen concentration level but decreased with the increase of shear rate. These results are consistent with available experimental results. In addition, we demonstrate that the adherent platelets have a negative impact on the margination dynamics of the circulating platelets, which is mainly due to the climbing effect induced by the adherent ones. Taken together, these findings provide useful insights into the platelet margination and adhesion dynamics, which may facilitate the understanding of the predominant processes governing the initial stage of thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keqin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuhao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dechang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xuejin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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9
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Sadeqi Nezhad M. Poly (beta-amino ester) as an in vivo nanocarrier for therapeutic nucleic acids. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:95-113. [PMID: 36266918 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic nucleic acids are an emerging class of therapy for treating various diseases through immunomodulation, protein replacement, gene editing, and genetic engineering. However, they need a vector to effectively and safely reach the target cells. Most gene and cell therapies rely on ex vivo gene delivery, which is laborious, time-consuming, and costly; therefore, devising a systematic vector for effective and safe in vivo delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids is required to target the cells of interest in an efficient manner. Synthetic nanoparticle vector poly beta amino ester (PBAE), a class of degradable polymer, is a promising candidate for in vivo gene delivery. PBAE is considered the most potent in vivo vector due to its excellent transfection performance and biodegradability. PBAE nanoparticles showed tunable charge density, diverse structural characteristics, excellent encapsulation capacity, high stability, stimuli-responsive release, site-specific delivery, potent binding to nucleic acids, flexible binding ability to various conjugates, and effective endosomal escape. These unique properties of PBAE are an essential contribution to in vivo gene delivery. The current review discusses each of the components used for PBAE synthesis and the impact of various environmental and physicochemical factors of the body on PBAE nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sadeqi Nezhad
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Translational Biomedical Science Department, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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10
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Moore TL, Cook AB, Bellotti E, Palomba R, Manghnani P, Spanò R, Brahmachari S, Di Francesco M, Palange AL, Di Mascolo D, Decuzzi P. Shape-specific microfabricated particles for biomedical applications: a review. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2019-2037. [PMID: 35284984 PMCID: PMC9242933 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The storied history of controlled the release systems has evolved over time; from degradable drug-loaded sutures to monolithic zero-ordered release devices and nano-sized drug delivery formulations. Scientists have tuned the physico-chemical properties of these drug carriers to optimize their performance in biomedical/pharmaceutical applications. In particular, particle drug delivery systems at the micron size regime have been used since the 1980s. Recent advances in micro and nanofabrication techniques have enabled precise control of particle size and geometry-here we review the utility of microplates and discoidal polymeric particles for a range of pharmaceutical applications. Microplates are defined as micrometer scale polymeric local depot devices in cuboid form, while discoidal polymeric nanoconstructs are disk-shaped polymeric particles having a cross-sectional diameter in the micrometer range and a thickness in the hundreds of nanometer range. These versatile particles can be used to treat several pathologies such as cancer, inflammatory diseases and vascular diseases, by leveraging their size, shape, physical properties (e.g., stiffness), and component materials, to tune their functionality. This review highlights design and fabrication strategies for these particles, discusses their applications, and elaborates on emerging trends for their use in formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Moore
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alexander B Cook
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Bellotti
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Palomba
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Purnima Manghnani
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Raffaele Spanò
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sayanti Brahmachari
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Di Francesco
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Palange
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Mascolo
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
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11
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Nifontova G, Tsoi T, Karaulov A, Nabiev I, Sukhanova A. Structure-function relationships in polymeric multilayer capsules designed for cancer drug delivery. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5092-5115. [PMID: 35894444 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00829g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of cancer drugs to tumor-specific molecular targets represents a major challenge in modern personalized cancer medicine. Engineering of micron and submicron polymeric multilayer capsules allows the obtaining of multifunctional theranostic systems serving as controllable stimulus-responsive tools with a high clinical potential to be used in cancer therapy and detection. The functionalities of such theranostic systems are determined by the design and structural properties of the capsules. This review (1) describes the current issues in designing cancer cell-targeting polymeric multilayer capsules, (2) analyzes the effects of the interactions of the capsules with the cellular and molecular constituents of biological fluids, and (3) presents the key structural parameters determining the effectiveness of capsule targeting. The influence of the morphological and physicochemical parameters and the origin of the structural components and surface ligands on the functional activity of polymeric multilayer capsules at the molecular, cellular, and whole-body levels are summarized. The basic structural and functional principles determining the future trends of theranostic capsule development are established and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Nifontova
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France.
| | - Tatiana Tsoi
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Nabiev
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France. .,National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alyona Sukhanova
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France.
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12
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Prasad NK, Shome R, Biswas G, Ghosh SS, Dalal A. Transport Behavior of Commercial Anticancer Drug Protein-Bound Paclitaxel (Paclicad) in a Micron-Sized Channel. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:2014-2025. [PMID: 35099972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein-bound paclitaxel has been developed clinically as one of the most successful chemotherapy drugs for the treatment of a wide variety of cancers. However, these medications, due to their nanoscale properties, may often induce capillary blocking while migrating through minute blood vessels. Considering the detrimental impact of this restriction, we investigated the transport of protein-bound paclitaxel, Paclicad, in a 7 μm microchannel mimicking the identical mechanical confinement of the blood capillaries. The drug was reported to migrate through a constricted microchannel without obstruction at a solution flow rate of 20-50 μL/h. The onset of an agglomeration site was observed at higher flow rates of 70-90 μL/h, while complete capillary obstruction was observed at 100 μL/h. The mobility of the particles was also calculated, and the results suggested that the presence of varying cross-sections affects the mobility of the drug particles. The trajectory of the particle migration was observed to be less tortuous at the higher flow rate, but the tortuous nature appeared to increase with the presence of agglomeration sites in the flow field. The experimental results were also compared with the computational model of the drug particle. The drug particle was modeled both as Newtonian and as an FENE-P viscoelastic drop. The drop interface tracking was done by the VOF method using the open source software Basilisk. The particle displacement was better estimated by both the FENE-P and Newtonian model at a flow rate of 30 μL/h, while deviation was observed at a flow rate of 50 μL/h. The FENE-P model was observed to show higher deformation than the Newtonian model at both flow rates. The experimental results provided better insight into the agglomeration tendency of Paclicad, migrating through a constricted microchannel at higher flow rates. The numerical model could be further employed to understand the more complex intravenous transport of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kr Prasad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Rajib Shome
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Gautam Biswas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Amaresh Dalal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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13
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Hadji H, Bouchemal K. Effect of micro- and nanoparticle shape on biological processes. J Control Release 2021; 342:93-110. [PMID: 34973308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the drug delivery field, there is beyond doubt that the shape of micro- and nanoparticles (M&NPs) critically affects their biological fate. Herein, following an introduction describing recent technological advances for designing nonspherical M&NPs, we highlight the role of particle shape in cell capture, subcellular distribution, intracellular drug delivery, and cytotoxicity. Then, we discuss theoretical approaches for understanding the effect of particle shape on internalization by the cell membrane. Subsequently, recent advances on shape-dependent behaviors of M&NPs in the systemic circulation are detailed. In particular, the interaction of M&NPs with blood proteins, biodistribution, and circulation under flow conditions are analyzed. Finally, the hurdles and future directions for developing nonspherical M&NPs are underscored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicheme Hadji
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Galien Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Kawthar Bouchemal
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Galien Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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14
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Real-time visualization of morphology-dependent self-motion of hyaluronic acid nanomaterials in water. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121172. [PMID: 34627996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to target sites is often limited by inefficient particle transport through biological media. Herein, motion behaviors of spherical and nonspherical nanomaterials composed of hyaluronic acid were studied in water using real-time multiple particle tracking technology. The two types of nanomaterials have comparable surface compositions and surface potentials, and they have equivalent diameters. The analysis of nanomaterial trajectories revealed that particles with flattened morphology and a high aspect ratio, designated nanoplatelets, exhibited more linear trajectories and faster diffusion in water than nanospheres. Fitting the plots of mean square displacement vs. time scale suggests that nanoplatelets exhibited hyperdiffusive behavior, which is similar to the motion of living microorganisms. Furthermore, at 37 °C, the surface explored by a nanoplatelet was up to 33-fold higher than that explored by a nanosphere. This investigation on morphology-dependent self-motion of nanomaterials could have a significant impact on drug delivery applications by increasing particle transport through biological media.
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15
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Nikfar M, Razizadeh M, Paul R, Muzykantov V, Liu Y. A numerical study on drug delivery via multiscale synergy of cellular hitchhiking onto red blood cells. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:17359-17372. [PMID: 34590654 PMCID: PMC10169096 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04057j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC)-hitchhiking, in which different nanocarriers (NCs) shuttle on the erythrocyte membrane and disassociate from RBCs to the first organ downstream of the intravenous injection spot, has recently been introduced as a solution to enhance target site uptake. Several experimental studies have already approved that cellular hitchhiking onto the RBC membrane can improve the delivery of a wide range of NCs in mice, pigs, and ex vivo human lungs. In these studies, the impact of NC size, NC surface chemistry, and shear rate on the delivery process and biodistribution has been widely explored. To shed light on the underlying physics in this type of drug delivery system, we present a computational platform in the context of the lattice Boltzmann method, spring connected network, and frictional immersed boundary method. The proposed algorithm simulates nanoparticle (NP) dislodgment from the RBC surface in shear flow and biomimetic microfluidic channels. The numerical simulations are performed for various NP sizes and RBC-NP adhesion strengths. In shear flow, NP detachment increases upon increasing the shear rate. RBC-RBC interaction can also significantly boost shear-induced particle detachment. Larger NPs have a higher propensity to be disconnected from the RBC surface. The results illustrate that changing the interaction between the NPs and RBCs can control the desorption process. All the findings agree with in vivo and in vitro experimental observations. We believe that the proposed setup can be exploited as a predictive tool to estimate optimum parameters in NP-bound RBCs for better targeting procedures in tissue microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nikfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
| | - Meghdad Razizadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
| | - Vladimir Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
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16
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17
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Song R, Cho S, Shin S, Kim H, Lee J. From shaping to functionalization of micro-droplets and particles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3395-3416. [PMID: 36133725 PMCID: PMC9419121 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00276g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The structure of microdroplet and microparticle is a critical factor in their functionality, which determines the distribution and sequence of physicochemical reactions. Therefore, the technology of precisely tailoring their shape is requisite for implementing the user demand functions in various applications. This review highlights various methodologies for droplet shaping, classified into passive and active approaches based on whether additional body forces are applied to droplets to manipulate their functions and fabricate them into microparticles. The passive approaches cover batch emulsification, solvent evaporation and diffusion, micromolding, and microfluidic methods. In active approaches, the external forces, such as electrical and magnetic fields or optical lithography, are applied to microdroplets. Special attention is also given to latest technologies using microdroplets and microparticles, especially in the fields of biological, optical, robotic, and environmental applications. Finally, this review aims to address the advantages and disadvantages of the introduced approaches and suggests the direction for further development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryungeun Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea
| | - Seongsu Cho
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea
| | - Seonghun Shin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea
| | - Hyejeong Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jinkee Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea
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18
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Mougin J, Bourgaux C, Couvreur P. Elongated self-assembled nanocarriers: From molecular organization to therapeutic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:127-147. [PMID: 33705872 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled cylindrical aggregates made of amphiphilic molecules emerged almost 40 years ago. Due to their length up to micrometers, those particles display original physico-chemical properties such as important flexibility and, for concentrated samples, a high viscoelasticity making them suitable for a wide range of industrial applications. However, a quarter of century was needed to successfully take advantage of those improvements towards therapeutic purposes. Since then, a wide diversity of biocompatible materials such as polymers, lipids or peptides, have been developed to design self-assembling elongated drug nanocarriers, suitable for therapeutic or diagnostic applications. More recently, the investigation of the main forces driving the unidirectional growth of these nanodevices allowed a translation toward the formation of pure nanodrugs to avoid the use of unnecessary side materials and the possible toxicity concerns associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mougin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Claudie Bourgaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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19
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Ullah S, Shah SWA, Qureshi MT, Hussain Z, Ullah I, Kalsoom UE, Rahim F, Rahman SSU, Sultana N, Khan MK. Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic Potential of Green AgNPs against Diabetic Mice. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3433-3442. [PMID: 35014427 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Green nanotechnology-based approaches have been acquired as environmentally friendly and cost effective with many biomedical applications. The present study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the leaves of Emblica phyllanthus, characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, EDX, SEM, AFM, and XRD. The acute and chronic antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential of AgNPs was studied in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. A total of 11 groups (G1-G11, n = 6) of mice were treated with different concentrations (150 and 300 mM) and sizes of AgNPs and compared with those treated with standard glibenclamide. A significant decrease (P > 0.05) in the glucose level was achieved for 30, 45, and 65 nm after 15 days of treatment compared to the diabetic control. The oral administration of optimal AgNPs reduced the glucose level from 280.83 ± 4.17 to 151.17 ± 3.54 mg/dL, while the standard drug glibenclamide showed the reduction in glucose from 265.5 ± 1.43 to 192 ± 3.4 mg/dL. Histopathological studies were performed in dissected kidney and liver tissues of the treated mice, which revealed significant recovery in the liver and kidney after AgNP treatment. Acute toxicity study revealed that AgNPs were safe up to a size of 400 nm and the raw leaf extract of Emblica phyllanthus was safe up to 2500 mg/kg b.w. This study may help provide more effective and safe treatment options for diabetes compared to traditionally prescribed antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.,University of Science and Technology China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China
| | - Syed Wadud Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 23051, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Zahid Hussain
- University of Science and Technology China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ismat Ullah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, CAS, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Umm-E Kalsoom
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- University of Science and Technology China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China
| | | | - Nighat Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran Khan
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou 215123, China
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20
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Zare EN, Zheng X, Makvandi P, Gheybi H, Sartorius R, Yiu CKY, Adeli M, Wu A, Zarrabi A, Varma RS, Tay FR. Nonspherical Metal-Based Nanoarchitectures: Synthesis and Impact of Size, Shape, and Composition on Their Biological Activity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007073. [PMID: 33710754 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based nanoentities, apart from being indispensable research tools, have found extensive use in the industrial and biomedical arena. Because their biological impacts are governed by factors such as size, shape, and composition, such issues must be taken into account when these materials are incorporated into multi-component ensembles for clinical applications. The size and shape (rods, wires, sheets, tubes, and cages) of metallic nanostructures influence cell viability by virtue of their varied geometry and physicochemical interactions with mammalian cell membranes. The anisotropic properties of nonspherical metal-based nanoarchitectures render them exciting candidates for biomedical applications. Here, the size-, shape-, and composition-dependent properties of nonspherical metal-based nanoarchitectures are reviewed in the context of their potential applications in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, as well as, in regenerative medicine. Strategies for the synthesis of nonspherical metal-based nanoarchitectures and their cytotoxicity and immunological profiles are also comprehensively appraised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuanqi Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa, 56025, Italy
| | - Homa Gheybi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials and Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, 53318-17634, Iran
| | - Rossella Sartorius
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Cynthia K Y Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, 68151-44316, Iran
| | - Aimin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Franklin R Tay
- College of Graduate Studies, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
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21
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Ye H, Shen Z, Li Y. Adhesive rolling of nanoparticles in a lateral flow inspired from diagnostics of COVID-19. EXTREME MECHANICS LETTERS 2021; 44:101239. [PMID: 33644275 PMCID: PMC7897962 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2021.101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the lack of therapeutics and vaccines, diagnostics of COVID-19 emerges as one of the primary tools for controlling the spread of SARS-COV-2. Here we aim to develop a theoretical model to study the detection process of SARS-COV-2 in lateral flow device (LFD), which can achieve rapid antigen diagnostic tests. The LFD is modeled as the adhesion of a spherical nanoparticle (NP) coated with ligands on the surface, mimicking the SARS-COV-2, on an infinite substrate distributed with receptors under a simple shear flow. The adhesive behaviors of NPs in the LFD are governed by the ligand-receptor binding (LRB) and local hydrodynamics. Through energy balance analysis, three types of motion are predicted: (i) firm-adhesion (FA); (ii) adhesive-rolling (AR); and (iii) free-rolling (FR), which correspond to LRB-dominated, LRB-hydrodynamics-competed, and hydrodynamics-dominated regimes, respectively. The transitions of FA-to-AR and AR-to-FR are found to be triggered by overcoming LRB barrier and saturation of LRB torque, respectively. Most importantly, in the AR regime, the smaller NPs can move faster than their larger counterparts, induced by the LRB effect that depends on the radius R of NPs. In addition, a scaling law is found in the AR regime that v ∝ γ ˙ R α (rolling velocity v and shear rate γ ˙ ), with an approximate scaling factor α ∼ - 0 . 2 ± 0 . 05 identified through fitting both theoretical and numerical results. The scaling factor emerges from the energy-based stochastic LRB model, and is confirmed to be universal by examining selections of different LRB model parameters. This size-dependent rolling behavior under the control of flow strength may provide the theoretical guidance for designing efficient LFD in detecting infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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22
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Kotsalos C, Latt J, Beny J, Chopard B. Digital blood in massively parallel CPU/GPU systems for the study of platelet transport. Interface Focus 2021; 11:20190116. [PMID: 33335703 PMCID: PMC7739916 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2019.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a highly versatile computational framework for the simulation of cellular blood flow focusing on extreme performance without compromising accuracy or complexity. The tool couples the lattice Boltzmann solver Palabos for the simulation of blood plasma, a novel finite-element method (FEM) solver for the resolution of deformable blood cells, and an immersed boundary method for the coupling of the two phases. The design of the tool supports hybrid CPU-GPU executions (fluid, fluid-solid interaction on CPUs, deformable bodies on GPUs), and is non-intrusive, as each of the three components can be replaced in a modular way. The FEM-based kernel for solid dynamics outperforms other FEM solvers and its performance is comparable to state-of-the-art mass-spring systems. We perform an exhaustive performance analysis on Piz Daint at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre and provide case studies focused on platelet transport, implicitly validating the accuracy of our tool. The tests show that this versatile framework combines unprecedented accuracy with massive performance, rendering it suitable for upcoming exascale architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Kotsalos
- Computer Science Department, University of Geneva, 7 route de Drize, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland
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23
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Eckmann DM, Bradley RP, Kandy SK, Patil K, Janmey PA, Radhakrishnan R. Multiscale modeling of protein membrane interactions for nanoparticle targeting in drug delivery. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 64:104-110. [PMID: 32731155 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP)-based imaging and drug delivery systems for systemic (e.g. intravenous) therapeutic and diagnostic applications are inherently a complex integration of biology and engineering. A broad range of length and time scales are essential to hydrodynamic and microscopic molecular interactions mediating NP (drug nanocarriers, imaging agents) motion in blood flow, cell binding/uptake, and tissue accumulation. A computational model of time-dependent tissue delivery, providing in silico prediction of organ-specific accumulation of NPs, can be leveraged in NP design and clinical applications. In this article, we provide the current state-of-the-art and future outlook for the development of predictive models for NP transport, targeting, and distribution through the integration of new computational schemes rooted in statistical mechanics and transport. The resulting multiscale model will comprehensively incorporate: (i) hydrodynamic interactions in the vascular scales relevant to NP margination; (ii) physical and mechanical forces defining cellular and tissue architecture and epitope accessibility mediating NP adhesion; and (iii) subcellular and paracellular interactions including molecular-level targeting impacting NP uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Center for Medical and Engineering Innovation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ryan P Bradley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sreeja K Kandy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keshav Patil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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24
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Bächer C, Kihm A, Schrack L, Kaestner L, Laschke MW, Wagner C, Gekle S. Antimargination of Microparticles and Platelets in the Vicinity of Branching Vessels. Biophys J 2019; 115:411-425. [PMID: 30021115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the margination of microparticles/platelets in blood flow through complex geometries typical for in vivo vessel networks: a vessel confluence and a bifurcation. Using three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann simulations, we confirm that behind the confluence of two vessels, a cell-free layer devoid of red blood cells develops in the channel center. Despite its small size of roughly 1 μm, this central cell-free layer persists for up to 100 μm after the confluence. Most importantly, we show from simulations that this layer also contains a significant amount of microparticles/platelets and validate this result by in vivo microscopy in mouse venules. At bifurcations, however, a similar effect does not appear, and margination is largely unaffected by the geometry. This antimargination toward the vessel center after a confluence may explain earlier in vivo observations, which found that platelet concentrations near the vessel wall are seen to be much higher on the arteriolar side (containing bifurcations) than on the venular side (containing confluences) of the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bächer
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling, Theoretische Physik, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Alexander Kihm
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lukas Schrack
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling, Theoretische Physik, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Research Centre for Molecular Imaging and Screening, Center for Molecular Signaling, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Wagner
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Stephan Gekle
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling, Theoretische Physik, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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25
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Carenza LN, Gonnella G, Lamura A, Negro G, Tiribocchi A. Lattice Boltzmann methods and active fluids. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:81. [PMID: 31250142 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We review the state of the art of active fluids with particular attention to hydrodynamic continuous models and to the use of Lattice Boltzmann Methods (LBM) in this field. We present the thermodynamics of active fluids, in terms of liquid crystals modelling adapted to describe large-scale organization of active systems, as well as other effective phenomenological models. We discuss how LBM can be implemented to solve the hydrodynamics of active matter, starting from the case of a simple fluid, for which we explicitly recover the continuous equations by means of Chapman-Enskog expansion. Going beyond this simple case, we summarize how LBM can be used to treat complex and active fluids. We then review recent developments concerning some relevant topics in active matter that have been studied by means of LBM: spontaneous flow, self-propelled droplets, active emulsions, rheology, active turbulence, and active colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Nicola Carenza
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari, and INFN Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gonnella
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari, and INFN Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Lamura
- Istituto Applicazioni Calcolo, CNR, Via Amendola 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Negro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari, and INFN Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Adriano Tiribocchi
- Center for Life Nano Science@La Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161, Roma, Italy
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26
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Carboni EJ, Bognet BH, Cowles DB, Ma AWK. The Margination of Particles in Areas of Constricted Blood Flow. Biophys J 2019; 114:2221-2230. [PMID: 29742415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death globally and is caused by stenoses, abnormal narrowings of blood vessels. Recently, there has been an increased interest in shear-activated particle clusters for the treatment of stenosis, but there is a lack of literature investigating the impact of different stenosis geometries on particle margination. Margination refers to the movement of particles toward the blood vessel wall and is desirable for drug delivery. The current study investigated ten different geometries and their effects on margination. Microfluidic devices with a constricted area were fabricated to mimic a stenosed blood vessel with different extent of occlusion, constricted length, and eccentricity (gradualness of the constriction and expansion). Spherical fluorescent particles with a diameter of 2.11 μm were suspended in blood and tracked as they moved into, through, and out of the constricted area. A margination parameter, M, was used to quantify margination based on the particle distribution after velocity normalization. Experimental results suggested that a constriction leads to an enhanced margination, whereas an expansion is responsible for a decrease in margination. Further, margination was found to increase with increasing percent occlusion and constriction length, likely a result of higher shear rate and longer residence time, respectively. Margination decreases as the stenosis geometry becomes more gradual (eccentricity increases) with the exception of a sudden constriction/expansion geometry. The findings demonstrate the importance of geometric effects on margination and call for detailed numerical modeling and geometric characterization of the stenosed areas to fully understand the underlying physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Carboni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Brice H Bognet
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - David B Cowles
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Anson W K Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.
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Qi QM, Dunne E, Oglesby I, Schoen I, Ricco AJ, Kenny D, Shaqfeh ESG. In Vitro Measurement and Modeling of Platelet Adhesion on VWF-Coated Surfaces in Channel Flow. Biophys J 2019; 116:1136-1151. [PMID: 30824114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of platelet adhesion is initiated by glycoprotein (GP)Ib and GPIIbIIIa receptors on the platelet surface binding with von Willebrand factor on the vascular walls. This initial adhesion and detachment of a single platelet is a complex process that involves multiple bonds forming and breaking and is strongly influenced by the surrounding blood-flow environment. In addition to bond-level kinetics, external factors such as shear rate, hematocrit, and GPIb and GPIIbIIIa receptor densities have also been identified as influencing the platelet-level rate constants in separate studies, but this still leaves a gap in understanding between these two length scales. In this study, we investigate the fundamental relationship of the dynamics of platelet adhesion, including these interrelating factors, using a coherent strategy. We build a, to our knowledge, novel and computationally efficient multiscale model accounting for multibond kinetics and hydrodynamic effects due to the flow of a cellular suspension. The model predictions of platelet-level kinetics are verified by our microfluidic experiments, which systematically investigate the role of each external factor on platelet adhesion in an in vitro setting. We derive quantitative formulas describing how the rates of platelet adhesion, translocation, and detachment are defined by the molecular-level kinetic constants, the local platelet concentration near the reactive surface determined by red-blood-cell migration, the platelet effective reactive area due to its tumbling motion, and the platelet surface receptor density. Furthermore, if any of these aspects involved have abnormalities, e.g., in a disease condition, our findings also have clinical relevance in predicting the resulting change in the adhesion dynamics, which is essential to hemostasis and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin M Qi
- Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
| | - Eimear Dunne
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology and Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Irene Oglesby
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology and Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ingmar Schoen
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology and Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antonio J Ricco
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Dermot Kenny
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology and Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eric S G Shaqfeh
- Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Institute for Computational and Mathmatical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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28
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Advances in particle shape engineering for improved drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:575-583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Deng Y, Papageorgiou DP, Chang HY, Abidi SZ, Li X, Dao M, Karniadakis GE. Quantifying Shear-Induced Deformation and Detachment of Individual Adherent Sickle Red Blood Cells. Biophys J 2018; 116:360-371. [PMID: 30612714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaso-occlusive crisis, a common painful complication of sickle cell disease, is a complex process triggered by intercellular adhesive interactions among blood cells and the endothelium in all human organs (e.g., the oxygen-rich lung as well as hypoxic systems such as liver and kidneys). We present a combined experimental-computational study to quantify the adhesive characteristics of sickle mature erythrocytes (SMEs) and irreversibly sickled cells (ISCs) under flow conditions mimicking those in postcapillary venules. We employed an in vitro microfluidic cell adherence assay, which is coated uniformly with fibronectin. We investigated the adhesion dynamics of SMEs and ISCs in pulsatile flow under well-controlled hypoxic conditions, inferring the cell adhesion strength by increasing the flow rate (or wall shear stress (WSS)) until the onset of cell detachment. In parallel, we performed simulations of individual SMEs and ISCs under shear. We introduced two metrics to quantify the adhesion process, the cell aspect ratio (AR) as a function of WSS and its rate of change (the dynamic deformability index). We found that the AR of SMEs decreases significantly with the increase of WSS, consistent between the experiments and simulations. In contrast, the AR of ISCs remains constant in time and independent of the flow rate. The critical WSS value for detaching a single SME in oxygenated state is in the range of 3.9-5.5 Pa depending on the number of adhesion sites; the critical WSS value for ISCs is lower than that of SMEs. Our simulations show that the critical WSS value for SMEs in deoxygenated state is above 6.2 Pa (multiple adhesion sites), which is greater than their oxygenated counterparts. We investigated the effect of cell shear modulus on the detachment process; we found that for the same cell adhesion spring constant, the higher shear modulus leads to an earlier cell detachment from the functionalized surface. These findings may aid in the understanding of individual roles of sickle cell types in sickle cell disease vaso-occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Deng
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Dimitrios P Papageorgiou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Hung-Yu Chang
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sabia Z Abidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Xuejin Li
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Engineering Mechanics, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Dao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Shi X, Tian F. Multiscale Modeling and Simulation of Nano‐Carriers Delivery through Biological Barriers—A Review. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchy FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences NO.19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Falin Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchy FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences NO.19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
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31
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Chang HY, Yazdani A, Li X, Douglas KAA, Mantzoros CS, Karniadakis GE. Quantifying Platelet Margination in Diabetic Blood Flow. Biophys J 2018; 115:1371-1382. [PMID: 30224049 PMCID: PMC6170725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) develop thrombotic abnormalities strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the changes of numerous coagulation factors such as elevated levels of thrombin and fibrinogen, the abnormal rheological effects of red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets flowing in blood are crucial in platelet adhesion and thrombus formation in T2DM. An important process contributing to the latter is the platelet margination. We employ the dissipative particle dynamics method to seamlessly model cells, plasma, and vessel walls. We perform a systematic study on RBC and platelet transport in cylindrical vessels by considering different cell shapes, sizes, and RBC deformabilities in healthy and T2DM blood, as well as variable flowrates and hematocrit. In particular, we use cellular-level RBC and platelet models with parameters derived from patient-specific data and present a sensitivity study. We find T2DM RBCs, which are less deformable compared to normal RBCs, lower the transport of platelets toward the vessel walls, whereas platelets with higher mean volume (often observed in T2DM) lead to enhanced margination. Furthermore, increasing the flowrate or hematocrit enhances platelet margination. We also investigated the effect of platelet shape and observed a nonmonotonic variation with the highest near-wall concentration corresponding to platelets with a moderate aspect ratio of 0.38. We examine the role of white blood cells (WBCs), whose count is increased notably in T2DM patients. We find that WBC rolling or WBC adhesion tends to decrease platelet margination due to hydrodynamic effects. To the best of our knowledge, such simulations of blood including all blood cells have not been performed before, and our quantitative findings can help separate the effects of hydrodynamic interactions from adhesive interactions and potentially shed light on the associated pathological processes in T2DM such as increased inflammatory response, platelet activation and adhesion, and ultimately thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Chang
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alireza Yazdani
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Xuejin Li
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Konstantinos A A Douglas
- S. Lepida Biomedical Laboratory, Athens, Greece; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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32
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Ye H, Shen Z, Li Y. Shear rate dependent margination of sphere-like, oblate-like and prolate-like micro-particles within blood flow. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7401-7419. [PMID: 30187053 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01304g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the shear rate dependent margination of micro-particles (MPs) with different shapes in blood flow through numerical simulations. We develop a multiscale computational model to handle the fluid-structure interactions involved in the blood flow simulations. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to solve the plasma dynamics and a coarse-grained model is employed to capture the dynamics of red blood cells (RBCs) and MPs. These two solvers are coupled together by the immersed boundary method (IBM). The shear rate dependent margination of sphere MPs is firstly investigated. We find that margination of sphere MPs dramatically increases with the increment of wall shear rate [small gamma, Greek, dot above]ω under 800 s-1, induced by the breaking of rouleaux in blood flow. However, the margination probability only slowly grows when [small gamma, Greek, dot above]ω > 800 s-1. Furthermore, the shape effect of MPs is examined by comparing the margination behaviors of sphere-like, oblate-like and prolate-like MPs under different wall shear rates. We find that the margination of MPs is governed by the interplay of two factors: hydrodynamic collisions with RBCs including the collision frequency and collision displacement of MPs, and near wall dynamics. MPs that demonstrate poor performance in one process such as collision frequency may stand out in the other process like near wall dynamics. Specifically, the ellipsoidal MPs (oblate and prolate) with small aspect ratio (AR) outperform those with large AR regardless of the wall shear rate, due to their better performance in both the collision with RBCs and near wall dynamics. Additionally, we find there exists a transition shear rate region 700 s-1 < [small gamma, Greek, dot above]ω < 900 s-1 for all of these MPs: the margination probability dramatically increases with the shear rate below this region and slowly grows above this region, similar to sphere MPs. We further use the surface area to volume ratio (SVR) to distinguish different shaped MPs and illustrate their shear rate dependent margination in a contour in the shear rate-SVR plane. It is of significance that we can approximately predict the margination of MPs with a specific SVR. All these simulation results can be potentially applied to guide the design of micro-drug carriers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3139, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
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33
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Cooley M, Sarode A, Hoore M, Fedosov DA, Mitragotri S, Sen Gupta A. Influence of particle size and shape on their margination and wall-adhesion: implications in drug delivery vehicle design across nano-to-micro scale. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:15350-15364. [PMID: 30080212 PMCID: PMC6247903 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04042g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular drug delivery technologies majorly utilize spherical nanoparticles as carrier vehicles. Their targets are often at the blood vessel wall or in the tissue beyond the wall, such that vehicle localization towards the wall (margination) becomes a pre-requisite for their function. To this end, some studies have indicated that under flow environment, micro-particles have a higher propensity than nano-particles to marginate to the wall. Also, non-spherical particles theoretically have a higher area of surface-adhesive interactions than spherical particles. However, detailed systematic studies that integrate various particle size and shape parameters across nano-to-micro scale to explore their wall-localization behavior in RBC-rich blood flow, have not been reported. We address this gap by carrying out computational and experimental studies utilizing particles of four distinct shapes (spherical, oblate, prolate, rod) spanning nano- to-micro scale sizes. Computational studies were performed using the Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) package, with Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD). For experimental studies, model particles were made from neutrally buoyant fluorescent polystyrene spheres, that were thermo-stretched into non-spherical shapes and all particles were surface-coated with biotin. Using microfluidic setup, the biotin-coated particles were flowed over avidin-coated surfaces in absence versus presence of RBCs, and particle adhesion and retention at the surface was assessed by inverted fluorescence microscopy. Our computational and experimental studies provide a simultaneous analysis of different particle sizes and shapes for their retention in blood flow and indicate that in presence of RBCs, micro-scale non-spherical particles undergo enhanced 'margination + adhesion' compared to nano-scale spherical particles, resulting in their higher binding. These results provide important insight regarding improved design of vascularly targeted drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Cooley
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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34
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Li H, Papageorgiou DP, Chang HY, Lu L, Yang J, Deng Y. Synergistic Integration of Laboratory and Numerical Approaches in Studies of the Biomechanics of Diseased Red Blood Cells. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E76. [PMID: 30103419 PMCID: PMC6164935 DOI: 10.3390/bios8030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In red blood cell (RBC) disorders, such as sickle cell disease, hereditary spherocytosis, and diabetes, alterations to the size and shape of RBCs due to either mutations of RBC proteins or changes to the extracellular environment, lead to compromised cell deformability, impaired cell stability, and increased propensity to aggregate. Numerous laboratory approaches have been implemented to elucidate the pathogenesis of RBC disorders. Concurrently, computational RBC models have been developed to simulate the dynamics of RBCs under physiological and pathological conditions. In this work, we review recent laboratory and computational studies of disordered RBCs. Distinguished from previous reviews, we emphasize how experimental techniques and computational modeling can be synergically integrated to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of hematological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Dimitrios P Papageorgiou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Hung-Yu Chang
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Lu Lu
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Yixiang Deng
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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35
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Li P, Qi B, Li K, Xu J, Liu M, Gu X, Niu X, Fan Y. Study on the formation and properties of red blood cell-like Fe 3O 4/TbLa 3(Bim) 12/PLGA composite particles. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12503-12516. [PMID: 35541231 PMCID: PMC9079432 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00145f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the particle size and surface performance, the shape also plays a key role in drug delivery systems. Red blood cells are the most abundant blood cells in the human body, and are excellent oxygen carriers, due to their unique biconcave discoid shape. In this study, red blood cell (RBC)-like Fe3O4/TbLa3(Bim)12/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) composite particles, with magnetic response and bioimaging functions, were prepared by electrospraying. Various electrospraying parameters, such as solvent, PLGA concentration, collecting distance and solution flow rate were investigated in detail to attempt to obtain RBC-like composite particles. The size distribution, morphology, structure, and hydrophobicity-hydrophilicity of particles were characterized. The results revealed the RBC-like Fe3O4/TbLa3(Bim)12/PLGA composite particles exhibited a strong green fluorescence and good magnetic behavior even when incubated with cells. Furthermore, the intensity of the magnetization and fluorescence can be adjusted by changing the contents of Fe3O4 and TbLa3(Bim)12. The effect on cell viability of the RBC-like Fe3O4/TbLa3(Bim)12/PLGA composite particles was evaluated in A549 cells and RBCs, and it was determined to have low cytotoxicity and excellent blood biocompatibility, suggesting that it is a promising candidate for application in drug delivery, targeting and tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Bing Qi
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Kun Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Junwei Xu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Meili Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Xuenan Gu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Xufeng Niu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yubo Fan
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids Beijing 100176 China
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36
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Ye H, Shen Z, Yu L, Wei M, Li Y. Manipulating nanoparticle transport within blood flow through external forces: an exemplar of mechanics in nanomedicine. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 474:20170845. [PMID: 29662344 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2017.0845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of nanoparticles (NPs) have been raised for diverse biomedical applications and some of them have shown great potential in treatment and imaging of diseases. Design of NPs is essential for delivery efficacy due to a number of biophysical barriers, which prevents the circulation of NPs in vascular flow and their accumulation at tumour sites. The physiochemical properties of NPs, so-called '4S' parameters, such as size, shape, stiffness and surface functionalization, play crucial roles in their life journey to be delivered to tumour sites. NPs can be modified in various ways to extend their blood circulation time and avoid their clearance by phagocytosis, and efficiently diffuse into tumour cells. However, it is difficult to overcome these barriers simultaneously by a simple combination of '4S' parameters for NPs. At this moment, external triggerings are necessary to guide the movement of NPs, which include light, ultrasound, magnetic field, electrical field and chemical interaction. The delivery system can be constructed to be sensitive to these external stimuli which can reduce the non-specific toxicity and improve the efficacy of the drug-delivery system. From a mechanics point of view, we discuss how different forces play their roles in the margination of NPs in blood flow and tumour microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3139, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3139, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3139, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Li K, Ma H. Deposition Dynamics of Rod-Shaped Colloids during Transport in Porous Media under Favorable Conditions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2967-2980. [PMID: 29400469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional computational modeling study of the deposition dynamics of rod-shaped colloids during transport in porous media under favorable conditions (no energy barrier to deposition) is presented. The objective was to explore the influences of the particle shape on colloid transport and retention. During simulation, both translation and rotation of ellipsoidal particles were tracked and evaluated based on an analysis of all forces and torques acting on the particle. We observed that the shape was a key factor affecting colloid transport and attachment. Rod particles exhibited enhanced retention compared with spheres of equivalent volume in the size range greater than ∼200 nm. The shape effect was the most pronounced for particles around 200 nm to 1 μm under simulated conditions. The shape effect was also strongly dependent upon the fluid velocity; it was most significant at high velocity, but not so at very low velocity. The above-described shape effect on retention was directly related to particle rotation dynamics due to the coupled effects from rotational diffusion and flow hydrodynamics. Rotational diffusion changed the particle orientation randomly, which caused the rod particles to drift considerably across flow streamlines for attachment in the size range from 200 nm to 1 μm. The hydrodynamic effect induced periodic particle rotation and oscillation, which rendered large-sized rod particles to behave like "spinning bodies," prescribed by their long axes so as to easily intercept with the collector surface for retention. Our findings demonstrated that the practice of using equivalent spheres to approximate rods is inadequate in predicting the transport fate and adhesion dynamics of rod-shaped colloids in porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Geology and Geophysics , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Huilian Ma
- Department of Geology and Geophysics , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
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Modeling thrombosis in silico: Frontiers, challenges, unresolved problems and milestones. Phys Life Rev 2018; 26-27:57-95. [PMID: 29550179 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hemostasis is a complex physiological mechanism that functions to maintain vascular integrity under any conditions. Its primary components are blood platelets and a coagulation network that interact to form the hemostatic plug, a combination of cell aggregate and gelatinous fibrin clot that stops bleeding upon vascular injury. Disorders of hemostasis result in bleeding or thrombosis, and are the major immediate cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Regulation of hemostasis and thrombosis is immensely complex, as it depends on blood cell adhesion and mechanics, hydrodynamics and mass transport of various species, huge signal transduction networks in platelets, as well as spatiotemporal regulation of the blood coagulation network. Mathematical and computational modeling has been increasingly used to gain insight into this complexity over the last 30 years, but the limitations of the existing models remain profound. Here we review state-of-the-art-methods for computational modeling of thrombosis with the specific focus on the analysis of unresolved challenges. They include: a) fundamental issues related to physics of platelet aggregates and fibrin gels; b) computational challenges and limitations for solution of the models that combine cell adhesion, hydrodynamics and chemistry; c) biological mysteries and unknown parameters of processes; d) biophysical complexities of the spatiotemporal networks' regulation. Both relatively classical approaches and innovative computational techniques for their solution are considered; the subjects discussed with relation to thrombosis modeling include coarse-graining, continuum versus particle-based modeling, multiscale models, hybrid models, parameter estimation and others. Fundamental understanding gained from theoretical models are highlighted and a description of future prospects in the field and the nearest possible aims are given.
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Tan J, Sinno T, Diamond SL. A parallel fluid-solid coupling model using LAMMPS and Palabos based on the immersed boundary method. JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 25:89-100. [PMID: 30220942 PMCID: PMC6136258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocs.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of viscous fluid flow coupled with rigid or deformable solids has many applications in biological and engineering problems, e.g., blood cell transport, drug delivery, and particulate flow. We developed a partitioned approach to solve this coupled Multiphysics problem. The fluid motion was solved by Palabos (Parallel Lattice Boltzmann Solver), while the solid displacement and deformation was simulated by LAMMPS (Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator). The coupling was achieved through the immersed boundary method (IBM). The code modeled both rigid and deformable solids exposed to flow. The code was validated with the Jeffery orbits of an ellipsoid particle in shear flow, red blood cell stretching test, and effective blood viscosity flowing in tubes. It demonstrated essentially linear scaling from 512 to 8192 cores for both strong and weak scaling cases. The computing time for the coupling increased with the solid fraction. An example of the fluid-solid coupling was given for flexible filaments (drug carriers) transport in a flowing blood cell suspensions, highlighting the advantages and capabilities of the developed code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifu Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Talid Sinno
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
19104, USA
| | - Scott L Diamond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
19104, USA
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40
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Chen Y, Feng Y, Wan J, Chen H. Enhanced separation of aged RBCs by designing channel cross section. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:024106. [PMID: 29576837 PMCID: PMC5849466 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged storage will alter the biophysical properties of red blood cells (RBCs), and it decreases the quality of stored blood for blood transfusion. It has been known that less deformable aged RBCs can be separated by margination, but the recognition of the storage time from the separation efficiency of the stiff RBCs is still a challenge. In this study, we realized enhanced separation of aged RBCs from normal RBCs by controlling the channel cross section and demonstrated that the storage time can be deduced from the percentage of the separated RBCs in the stored RBCs. This separation technology helps to reveal the regulation of time on the RBC aging mechanism and offer a new method to separate stiffened cells with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuzhen Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiandi Wan
- Department of Microsystem Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623-5608, USA
| | - Haosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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41
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Abstract
Nanomaterials have been widely used in the design of drug delivery platforms. This work computationally explores the vascular dynamics of nanoworms as drug carriers within blood flow by considering the effects of nanoworm length, stiffness, and local physiological conditions such as hematocrit. We found that nanoworms with length of 8 μm and moderate stiffness are the optimal choice as drug carriers for circulating within normal vascular network due to their lower near wall margination. Compared to those of spherical rigid particles, these nanoworms demonstrate significant demargination behaviors at hematocrit 20%, induced by the local hydrodynamic interactions. Specifically, the interactions between nanoworms and red blood cells create asymmetrical local flow fields, resulting in the demargination of nanoworms. In addition, the flexibility of nanoworms enables them to conform to the deformed shape of red blood cells under shear flow, leading to their high concentration within the core region of vessels. Therefore, the long blood circulation time of nanoworms can be partially attributed to their demargination behaviors and intertwinement with red blood cells. According to these simulation results, tuning the length and stiffness of nanoworms is the key to design drug carries with reduced near wall margination within normal vascular networks and extend their blood circulation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3139, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3139, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3139, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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42
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Factors Diminishing Cytoadhesion of Red Blood Cells Infected by Plasmodium falciparum in Arterioles. Biophys J 2017; 113:1163-1172. [PMID: 28877497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoadhesion of red blood cells infected by Plasmodium falciparum (Pf-IRBCs) is predominantly found in postcapillary venules, rather than in arterioles. However, factors influencing this phenomenon remain unclear. Here, we conduct a systematic study using a numerical model coupling the fluid and solid mechanics of the cells and cellular environment with the biochemical ligand-receptor interaction. Our results show that, once a Pf-IRBC adheres to the vascular wall, the Pf-IRBC can withstand even arteriole shear stresses, and exhibits either rolling or firm adhesion. We also perform a simulation of the multistep process of cytoadhesion, consisting of flow, margination, capture, and rolling or firm adhesion. This multistep simulation suggests that a lower probability of contact with the vascular wall at high shear rates may diminish adherent Pf-IRBCs in the arterioles.
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43
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Kinnear C, Moore TL, Rodriguez-Lorenzo L, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Petri-Fink A. Form Follows Function: Nanoparticle Shape and Its Implications for Nanomedicine. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11476-11521. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Calum Kinnear
- Bio21 Institute & School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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44
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Guilbert C, Chayer B, Allard L, Yu FTH, Cloutier G. Influence of erythrocyte aggregation on radial migration of platelet-sized spherical particles in shear flow. J Biomech 2017; 61:26-33. [PMID: 28720200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Blood platelets when activated are involved in the mechanisms of hemostasis and thrombosis, and their migration toward injured vascular endothelium necessitates interaction with red blood cells (RBCs). Rheology co-factors such as a high hematocrit and a high shear rate are known to promote platelet mass transport toward the vessel wall. Hemodynamic conditions promoting RBC aggregation may also favor platelet migration, particularly in the venous system at low shear rates. The aim of this study was to confirm experimentally the impact of RBC aggregation on platelet-sized micro particle migration in a Couette flow apparatus. Biotin coated micro particles were mixed with saline or blood with different aggregation tendencies, at two shear rates of 2 and 10s-1 and three hematocrits ranging from 20 to 60%. Streptavidin membranes were respectively positioned on the Couette static and rotating cylinders upon which the number of adhered fluorescent particles was quantified. The platelet-sized particle adhesion on both walls was progressively enhanced by increasing the hematocrit (p<0.001), reducing the shear rate (p<0.001), and rising the aggregation of RBCs (p<0.001). Particle count was minimum on the stationary cylinder when suspended in saline at 2s-1 (57±33), and maximum on the rotating cylinder at 60% hematocrit, 2s-1 and the maximum dextran-induced RBC aggregation (2840±152). This fundamental study is confirming recent hypotheses on the role of RBC aggregation on venous thrombosis, and may guide molecular imaging protocols requiring injecting active labeled micro particles in the venous flow system to probe human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Guilbert
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Boris Chayer
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Louise Allard
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - François T H Yu
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guy Cloutier
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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45
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Takeishi N, Imai Y. Capture of microparticles by bolus flow of red blood cells in capillaries. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5381. [PMID: 28710401 PMCID: PMC5511268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have concluded that microparticles (MPs) can more effectively approach the microvessel wall than nanoparticles because of margination. In this study, however, we show that MPs are not marginated in capillaries where the vessel diameter is comparable to that of red blood cells (RBCs). We numerically investigated the behavior of MPs with a diameter of 1 μm in various microvessel sizes, including capillaries. In capillaries, the flow mode of RBCs shifted from multi-file flow to bolus (single-file) flow, and MPs were captured by the bolus flow of the RBCs instead of being marginated. Once MPs were captured, they rarely escaped from the vortex-like flow structures between RBCs. These capture events were enhanced when the hematocrit was decreased, and reduced when the shear rate was increased. Our results suggest that microparticles may be rather inefficient drug carriers when targeting capillaries because of capture events, but nanoparticles, which are more randomly distributed in capillaries, may be more effective carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takeishi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Department of Biosystems Science, 53 Shogoin-Kawara-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Imai
- School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
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46
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Spann AP, Campbell JE, Fitzgibbon SR, Rodriguez A, Cap AP, Blackbourne LH, Shaqfeh ESG. The Effect of Hematocrit on Platelet Adhesion: Experiments and Simulations. Biophys J 2017; 111:577-588. [PMID: 27508441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The volume fraction of red blood cells (RBCs) in a capillary affects the degree to which platelets are promoted to marginate to near a vessel wall and form blood clots. In this work we investigate the relationship between RBC hematocrit and platelet adhesion activity. We perform experiments flowing blood samples through a microfluidic channel coated with type 1 collagen and observe the rate at which platelets adhere to the wall. We compare these results with three-dimensional boundary integral simulations of a suspension of RBCs and platelets in a periodic channel where platelets can adhere to the wall. In both cases, we find that the rate of platelet adhesion varies greatly with the RBC hematocrit. We observe that the relative decrease in platelet activity as hematocrit falls shows a similar profile for simulation and experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Spann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | | | - Sean R Fitzgibbon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Armando Rodriguez
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Ft Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew P Cap
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Ft Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Lorne H Blackbourne
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Ft Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Eric S G Shaqfeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Institute for Computational & Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
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47
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Carboni EJ, Bognet BH, Bouchillon GM, Kadilak AL, Shor LM, Ward MD, Ma AWK. Direct Tracking of Particles and Quantification of Margination in Blood Flow. Biophys J 2017; 111:1487-1495. [PMID: 27705771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Margination refers to the migration of particles toward blood vessel walls during blood flow. Understanding the mechanisms that lead to margination will aid in tailoring the attributes of drug-carrying particles for effective drug delivery. Most previous studies evaluated the margination propensity of these particles via an adhesion mechanism, i.e., by measuring the number of particles that adhered to the channel wall. Although particle adhesion and margination are related, adhesion also depends on other factors. In this study, we quantified the margination propensity of particles of varying diameters (0.53, 0.84, and 2.11 μm) and apparent wall shear rates (30, 61, and 121 s-1) by directly tracking fluorescent particles flowing through a microfluidic channel. The margination parameter, M, is defined as the total number of particles found within the cell-free layers normalized by the total number of particles that passed through the channel. In this study, an M-value of 0.2 indicated no margination, which was observed for all particle sizes in water. In the case of blood, larger particles were found to have higher M-values and thus marginated more effectively than smaller particles. The corresponding M-values at the device outlet were 0.203, 0.223, and 0.285 for 0.53-, 0.84-, and 2.11-μm particles, respectively. At the inlet, the M-values for all particle sizes in blood were <0.2, suggesting that non-fully-developed flow and constriction may lead to demargination. For particle velocities transverse to the flow direction (vy), all particle sizes showed a larger standard deviation of vy as well as a higher effective diffusivity when the particles were suspended in blood relative to water. These higher values are attributed to collisions between the blood cells and particles, further supporting recent simulation results. In terms of flow rates, for a given particle size, the higher the flow rate, the higher the M-value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Carboni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Brice H Bognet
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Grant M Bouchillon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Andrea L Kadilak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Leslie M Shor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Anson W K Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.
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48
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Guckenberger A, Gekle S. Theory and algorithms to compute Helfrich bending forces: a review. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:203001. [PMID: 28240220 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa6313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes are vital to shield a cell's interior from the environment. At the same time they determine to a large extent the cell's mechanical resistance to external forces. In recent years there has been considerable interest in the accurate computational modeling of such membranes, driven mainly by the amazing variety of shapes that red blood cells and model systems such as vesicles can assume in external flows. Given that the typical height of a membrane is only a few nanometers while the surface of the cell extends over many micrometers, physical modeling approaches mostly consider the interface as a two-dimensional elastic continuum. Here we review recent modeling efforts focusing on one of the computationally most intricate components, namely the membrane's bending resistance. We start with a short background on the most widely used bending model due to Helfrich. While the Helfrich bending energy by itself is an extremely simple model equation, the computation of the resulting forces is far from trivial. At the heart of these difficulties lies the fact that the forces involve second order derivatives of the local surface curvature which by itself is the second derivative of the membrane geometry. We systematically derive and compare the different routes to obtain bending forces from the Helfrich energy, namely the variational approach and the thin-shell theory. While both routes lead to mathematically identical expressions, so-called linear bending models are shown to reproduce only the leading order term while higher orders differ. The main part of the review contains a description of various computational strategies which we classify into three categories: the force, the strong and the weak formulation. We finally give some examples for the application of these strategies in actual simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Guckenberger
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling, Fachbereich Physik, Universität Bayreuth, Germany
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49
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Engineering approaches in siRNA delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 525:343-358. [PMID: 28213276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
siRNAs are very potent drug molecules, able to silence genes involved in pathologies development. siRNAs have virtually an unlimited therapeutic potential, particularly for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, their use in clinical practice is limited because of their unfavorable properties to interact and not to degrade in physiological environments. In particular they are large macromolecules, negatively charged, which undergo rapid degradation by plasmatic enzymes, are subject to fast renal clearance/hepatic sequestration, and can hardly cross cellular membranes. These aspects seriously impair siRNAs as therapeutics. As in all the other fields of science, siRNAs management can be advantaged by physical-mathematical descriptions (modeling) in order to clarify the involved phenomena from the preparative step of dosage systems to the description of drug-body interactions, which allows improving the design of delivery systems/processes/therapies. This review analyzes a few mathematical modeling approaches currently adopted to describe the siRNAs delivery, the main procedures in siRNAs vectors' production processes and siRNAs vectors' release from hydrogels, and the modeling of pharmacokinetics of siRNAs vectors. Furthermore, the use of physical models to study the siRNAs vectors' fate in blood stream and in the tissues is presented. The general view depicts a framework maybe not yet usable in therapeutics, but with promising possibilities for forthcoming applications.
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50
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Red blood cells: Supercarriers for drugs, biologicals, and nanoparticles and inspiration for advanced delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:88-103. [PMID: 26941164 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) constitute a unique drug delivery system as a biologic or hybrid carrier capable of greatly enhancing pharmacokinetics, altering pharmacodynamics (for example, by changing margination within the intravascular space), and modulating immune responses to appended cargoes. Strategies for RBC drug delivery systems include internal and surface loading, and the latter can be performed both ex vivo and in vivo. A relatively new avenue for RBC drug delivery is their application as a carrier for nanoparticles. Efforts are also being made to incorporate features of RBCs in nanocarriers to mimic their most useful aspects, such as long circulation and stealth features. RBCs have also recently been explored as carriers for the delivery of antigens for modulation of immune response. Therefore, RBC-based drug delivery systems represent supercarriers for a diverse array of biomedical interventions, and this is reflected by several industrial and academic efforts that are poised to enter the clinical realm.
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