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Bae G, Cho H, Hong BH. A review on synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:372001. [PMID: 38853586 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad55d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A new type of 0-dimensional carbon-based materials called graphene quantum dots (GQDs) is gaining significant attention as a non-toxic and eco-friendly nanomaterial. GQDs are nanomaterials composed of sp2hybridized carbon domains and functional groups, with their lateral size less than 10 nm. The unique and exceptional physical, chemical, and optical properties arising from the combination of graphene structure and quantum confinement effect due to their nano-size make GQDs more intriguing than other nanomaterials. Particularly, the low toxicity and high solubility derived from the carbon core and abundant edge functional groups offer significant advantages for the application of GQDs in the biomedical field. In this review, we summarize various synthetic methods for preparing GQDs and important factors influencing the physical, chemical, optical, and biological properties of GQDs. Furthermore, the recent application of GQDs in the biomedical field, including biosensor, bioimaging, drug delivery, and therapeutics are discussed. Through this, we provide a brief insight on the tremendous potential of GQDs in biomedical applications and the challenges that need to be overcome in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaeun Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonwoo Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Dilenko H, Bartoň Tománková K, Válková L, Hošíková B, Kolaříková M, Malina L, Bajgar R, Kolářová H. Graphene-Based Photodynamic Therapy and Overcoming Cancer Resistance Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:5637-5680. [PMID: 38882538 PMCID: PMC11179671 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s461300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive therapy that has made significant progress in treating different diseases, including cancer, by utilizing new nanotechnology products such as graphene and its derivatives. Graphene-based materials have large surface area and photothermal effects thereby making them suitable candidates for PDT or photo-active drug carriers. The remarkable photophysical properties of graphene derivates facilitate the efficient generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation, which destroys cancer cells. Surface functionalization of graphene and its materials can also enhance their biocompatibility and anticancer activity. The paper delves into the distinct roles played by graphene-based materials in PDT such as photosensitizers (PS) and drug carriers while at the same time considers how these materials could be used to circumvent cancer resistance. This will provide readers with an extensive discussion of various pathways contributing to PDT inefficiency. Consequently, this comprehensive review underscores the vital roles that graphene and its derivatives may play in emerging PDT strategies for cancer treatment and other medical purposes. With a better comprehension of the current state of research and the existing challenges, the integration of graphene-based materials in PDT holds great promise for developing targeted, effective, and personalized cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Dilenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bartoň Tománková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Válková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hošíková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Kolaříková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Malina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Bajgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolářová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Akmal MH, Kalashgrani MY, Mousavi SM, Rahmanian V, Sharma N, Gholami A, Althomali RH, Rahman MM, Chiang WH. Recent advances in synergistic use of GQD-based hydrogels for bioimaging and drug delivery in cancer treatment. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5039-5060. [PMID: 38716622 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00024b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dot (GQD) integration into hydrogel matrices has become a viable approach for improving drug delivery and bioimaging in cancer treatment in recent years. Due to their distinct physicochemical characteristics, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted interest as adaptable nanomaterials for use in biomedicine. When incorporated into hydrogel frameworks, these nanomaterials exhibit enhanced stability, biocompatibility, and responsiveness to external stimuli. The synergistic pairing of hydrogels with GQDs has created new opportunities to tackle the problems related to drug delivery and bioimaging in cancer treatment. Bioimaging plays a pivotal role in the early detection and monitoring of cancer. GQD-based hydrogels, with their excellent photoluminescence properties, offer a superior platform for high-resolution imaging. The tunable fluorescence characteristics of GQDs enable real-time visualization of biological processes, facilitating the precise diagnosis and monitoring of cancer progression. Moreover, the drug delivery landscape has been significantly transformed by GQD-based hydrogels. Because hydrogels are porous, therapeutic compounds may be placed into them and released in a controlled environment. The large surface area and distinct interactions of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with medicinal molecules boost loading capacity and release dynamics, ultimately improving therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, GQD-based hydrogels' stimulus-responsiveness allows for on-demand medication release, which minimizes adverse effects and improves therapeutic outcomes. The ability of GQD-based hydrogels to specifically target certain cancer cells makes them notable. Functionalizing GQDs with targeting ligands minimizes off-target effects and delivers therapeutic payloads to cancer cells selectively. Combined with imaging capabilities, this tailored drug delivery creates a theranostic platform for customized cancer treatment. In this study, the most recent advancements in the synergistic use of GQD-based hydrogels are reviewed, with particular attention to the potential revolution these materials might bring to the area of cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hussnain Akmal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
| | | | - Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
| | - Vahid Rahmanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Drummondville, QC, Canada
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Raed H Althomali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawasir 11991, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
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Kulahava T, Belko N, Parkhats M, Bahdanava A, Lepeshkevich S, Chizhevsky V, Mogilevtsev D. Photostability and phototoxicity of graphene quantum dots interacting with red blood cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 248:112800. [PMID: 37857078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Here we discuss fluorescent properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) interacting with the membranes of red blood cells. We report the results of spectroscopic, microscopic, and photon-counting measurements of the GQDs in different surroundings for uncovering specific features of the GQD fluorescence, and describe two observed phenomena important for implementation of the GQDs as fluorescent labels and agents for drug delivery. Firstly, the GQDs can suffer from photodegradation but also can be stabilized in the presence of antioxidants (reduced glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, or 1,4-hydroquinone). Secondly, GQDs can accumulate in red blood cell membranes without compromising the viability of the cells but also can induce hemolysis in the presence of visible light. We discuss mechanisms and regimes of the photodegradation, stabilization, interaction of the GQDs with red blood cell membranes, and hemolysis. Notably, photohemolysis for the case is dependent on the light dose and GQD concentration but not caused by the production of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Kulahava
- Institute for Nuclear Problems of the Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya str. 11, Minsk 220006, Belarus
| | - Nikita Belko
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, NAS of Belarus, Nezavisimosty ave. 68, Minsk 220072, Belarus.
| | - Marina Parkhats
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, NAS of Belarus, Nezavisimosty ave. 68, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Anastasiya Bahdanava
- Institute for Nuclear Problems of the Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya str. 11, Minsk 220006, Belarus
| | - Sergei Lepeshkevich
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, NAS of Belarus, Nezavisimosty ave. 68, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Vyacheslav Chizhevsky
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, NAS of Belarus, Nezavisimosty ave. 68, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Dmitri Mogilevtsev
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, NAS of Belarus, Nezavisimosty ave. 68, Minsk 220072, Belarus.
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Panigrahi AR, Yadav P, Beura SK, Singh J, Dastider SG, Singh SK, Mondal K. Probing interaction of atherogenic lysophosphatidylcholine with functionalized graphene nanosheets: theoretical modelling and experimental validation. J Mol Model 2023; 29:310. [PMID: 37688762 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The potential of graphene derivatives for theranostic applications depends on their compatibility with cellular and biomolecular components. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a lipid component present in oxidized low-density lipoproteins, microvesicles and free circulation in blood, plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of various diseases. Using density functional theory-based methods, we systematically investigated the interaction of atherogenic LPC molecule with different derivatives of graphene, including pristine graphene, graphene with defect, N-doped graphene, amine-functionalized graphene, various graphene oxides and hydroxylated graphene oxides. We observed that the adsorption of LPC on graphene derivatives is highly selective based on the orientation of the functional groups of LPC interacting with the surface of the derivatives. Hydroxylated graphene oxide exhibited the strongest interaction with LPC with adsorption energy of - 2.1 eV due to the interaction between the hydroxyl group on graphene and the phosphate group of LPC. The presence of aqueous medium further enhanced this interaction indicating favourable adsorption of LPC and graphene oxide in biological systems. Such strong interaction leads to substantial change in the electronic structure of the LPC molecule, which results in the activation of this molecule. In contrast, amine-modified graphene showed the least interaction. These theoretical results are in line with our experimental fluorescence spectroscopic data of LPC/1-anilino-8-napthalene sulfonic acid complex. Our present comprehensive investigation employing both theoretical and experimental methods provides a deeper understanding of graphene-lipid interaction, which holds paramount importance in the design and fabrication of graphene-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications. METHODS In this study, we employed the density functional theory-based methods to investigate the electronic and structural properties of graphene derivatives and LPC molecule using the Quantum Espresso package. The exchange-correlation functional was described within generalized gradient approximation (GGA) as parameterized by Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof (PBE). The valence electrons were represented using plane wave basis sets. `The Grimme's dispersion method was used to include the van der Waals dispersion correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek R Panigrahi
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Samir K Beura
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Department of Applied Agriculture, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Saptarshi G Dastider
- Department of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Sunil K Singh
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India.
| | - Krishnakanta Mondal
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India.
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Dar MS, Tabish TA, Thorat ND, Swati G, Sahu NK. Photothermal therapy using graphene quantum dots. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:031502. [PMID: 37614868 PMCID: PMC10444203 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of powerful anti-oncology medicines have been possible because of advances in nanomedicine. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a type of treatment wherein nanomaterials absorb the laser energy and convert it into localized heat, thereby causing apoptosis and tumor eradication. PTT is more precise, less hazardous, and easy-to-control in comparison to other interventions such as chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and radiation therapy. Over the past decade, various nanomaterials for PTT applications have been reviewed; however, a comprehensive study of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) has been scantly reported. GQDs have received huge attention in healthcare technologies owing to their various excellent properties, such as high water solubility, chemical stability, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity. Motivated by the fascinating scientific discoveries and promising contributions of GQDs to the field of biomedicine, we present a comprehensive overview of recent progress in GQDs for PTT. This review summarizes the properties and synthesis strategies of GQDs including top-down and bottom-up approaches followed by their applications in PTT (alone and in combination with other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy). Furthermore, we also focus on the systematic study of in vitro and in vivo toxicities of GQDs triggered by PTT. Moreover, an overview of PTT along with the synergetic application used with GQDs for tumor eradication are discussed in detail. Finally, directions, possibilities, and limitations are described to encourage more research, which will lead to new treatments and better health care and bring people closer to the peak of human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanveer A. Tabish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Nanasaheb D. Thorat
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Science Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - G. Swati
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Niroj Kumar Sahu
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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Raghavan A, Radhakrishnan M, Soren K, Wadnerkar P, Kumar A, Chakravarty S, Ghosh S. Biological Evaluation of Graphene Quantum Dots and Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots as Neurotrophic Agents. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37167607 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Over time, developments in nano-biomedical research have led to the creation of a number of systems to cure serious illnesses. Tandem use of nano-theragnostics such as diagnostic and therapeutic approaches tailored to the individual disease treatment is crucial for further development in the field of biomedical advancements. Graphene has garnered attention in the recent times as a potential nanomaterial for tissue engineering and regenerative medicines owing to its biocompatibility among the several other unique properties it possesses. The zero-dimensional graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and their nitrogen-doped variant, nitrogen-doped GQDs (N-GQDs), have good biocompatibility, and optical and physicochemical properties. GQDs have been extensively researched owing to several factors such as their size, surface charge, and interactions with other molecules found in biological media. This work briefly elucidates the potential of electroactive GQDs as well as N-GQDs as neurotrophic agents. In vitro investigations employing the N2A cell line were used to evaluate the effectiveness of GQDs and N-GQDs as neurotrophic agents, wherein basic investigations such as SRB assay and neurite outgrowth assay were performed. The results inferred from immunohistochemistry followed by confocal imaging studies as well as quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) studies corroborated those obtained from neurite outgrowth assay. We have also conducted a preliminary investigation of the pattern of gene expression for neurotrophic and gliotrophic growth factors using ex vivo neuronal and mixed glial cultures taken from the brains of postnatal day 2 mice pups. Overall, the studies indicated that GQDs and N-GQDs hold prospect as a framework for further development of neuroactive compounds for relevant central nervous system (CNS) purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Raghavan
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR─Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mydhili Radhakrishnan
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR─Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kalyani Soren
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR─Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Arvind Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR─Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR─Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sutapa Ghosh
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR─Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Jovanović S, Marković Z, Budimir M, Prekodravac J, Zmejkoski D, Kepić D, Bonasera A, Marković BT. Lights and Dots toward Therapy-Carbon-Based Quantum Dots as New Agents for Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041170. [PMID: 37111655 PMCID: PMC10145889 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The large number of deaths induced by carcinoma and infections indicates that the need for new, better, targeted therapy is higher than ever. Apart from classical treatments and medication, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the possible approaches to cure these clinical conditions. This strategy offers several advantages, such as lower toxicity, selective treatment, faster recovery time, avoidance of systemic toxic effects, and others. Unfortunately, there is a small number of agents that are approved for usage in clinical PDT. Novel, efficient, biocompatible PDT agents are, thus, highly desired. One of the most promising candidates is represented by the broad family of carbon-based quantum dots, such as graphene quantum dots (GQDs), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), carbon nanodots (CNDs), and carbonized polymer dots (CPDs). In this review paper, these new smart nanomaterials are discussed as potential PDT agents, detailing their toxicity in the dark, and when they are exposed to light, as well as their effects on carcinoma and bacterial cells. The photoinduced effects of carbon-based quantum dots on bacteria and viruses are particularly interesting, since dots usually generate several highly toxic reactive oxygen species under blue light. These species are acting as bombs on pathogen cells, causing various devastating and toxic effects on those targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Jovanović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Budimir
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Prekodravac
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Zmejkoski
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Kepić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aurelio Bonasera
- Palermo Research Unit, Department of Physics and Chemistry-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo and Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Biljana Todorović Marković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Ghulam AN, dos Santos OAL, Hazeem L, Pizzorno Backx B, Bououdina M, Bellucci S. Graphene Oxide (GO) Materials-Applications and Toxicity on Living Organisms and Environment. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13020077. [PMID: 35735932 PMCID: PMC9224660 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based materials have attracted much attention due to their fascinating properties such as hydrophilicity, high dispersion in aqueous media, robust size, high biocompatibility, and surface functionalization ability due to the presence of functional groups and interactions with biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acid. Modified methods were developed for safe, direct, inexpensive, and eco-friendly synthesis. However, toxicity to the environment and animal health has been reported, raising concerns about their utilization. This review focuses primarily on the synthesis methods of graphene-based materials already developed and the unique properties that make them so interesting for different applications. Different applications are presented and discussed with particular emphasis on biological fields. Furthermore, antimicrobial potential and the factors that affect this activity are reviewed. Finally, questions related to toxicity to the environment and living organisms are revised by highlighting factors that may interfere with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminah N. Ghulam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (A.N.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Otávio A. L. dos Santos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Layla Hazeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (A.N.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Bianca Pizzorno Backx
- Numpex-Bio, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias 25245-390, Brazil;
| | - Mohamed Bououdina
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- Correspondence:
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10
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Deng S, Zhang E, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Yang Z, Zheng B, Mu X, Deng X, Shen H, Rong H, Pei D. In vivo toxicity assessment of four types of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using mRNA sequencing. Toxicol Lett 2022; 363:55-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Life-Related Hazards of Materials Applied to Mg–S Batteries. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15041543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, rechargeable batteries utilizing an S cathode together with an Mg anode are under substantial interest and development. The review is made from the point of view of materials engaged during the development of the Mg–S batteries, their sulfur cathodes, magnesium anodes, electrolyte systems, current collectors, and separators. Simultaneously, various hazards related to the use of such materials are discussed. It was found that the most numerous groups of hazards are posed by the material groups of cathodes and electrolytes. Such hazards vary widely in type and degree of danger and are related to human bodies, aquatic life, flammability of materials, or the release of flammable or toxic gases by the latter.
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Raja IS, Molkenova A, Kang MS, Lee SH, Lee JE, Kim B, Han DW, Atabaev TS. Differential Toxicity of Graphene Family Nanomaterials Concerning Morphology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1351:23-39. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4923-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Kamenska T, Abrashev M, Georgieva M, Krasteva N. Impact of Polyethylene Glycol Functionalization of Graphene Oxide on Anticoagulation and Haemolytic Properties of Human Blood. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4853. [PMID: 34500942 PMCID: PMC8432731 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most explored nanomaterials in recent years. It has numerous biomedical applications as a nanomaterial including drug and gene delivery, contrast imaging, cancer treatment, etc. Since most of these applications need intravenous administration of graphene oxide and derivatives, the evaluation of their haemocompatibility is an essential preliminary step for any of the developed GO applications. Plentiful data show that functionalization of graphene oxide nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) increases biocompatibility, thus allowing PEGylated GO to elicit less dramatic blood cell responses than their pristine counterparts. Therefore, in this work, we PEGylated graphene oxide nanoparticles and evaluated the effects of their PEGylation on the structure and function of human blood components, especially on the morphology and the haemolytic potential of red blood cells (RBCs). Further, we studied the effect of PEGylation on some blood coagulation factors, including plasma fibrinogen as well as on the activated partial thromboplastin (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) and platelet aggregation. Our findings provide important information on the mechanisms through which PEGylation increases GO compatibility with human blood cells. These data are crucial for the molecular design and biomedical applications of PEGylated graphene oxide nanomaterials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trayana Kamenska
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. Georgi Bonchev” Street Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Miroslav Abrashev
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 5 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Milena Georgieva
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. R. Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. Georgi Bonchev” Street Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Natalia Krasteva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. Georgi Bonchev” Street Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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14
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Ramana LN, Dinh LNM, Agarwal V. Influence of surface charge of graphene quantum dots on their uptake and clearance in melanoma cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3513-3521. [PMID: 36133718 PMCID: PMC9419262 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00935k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) continue to draw interest in biomedical applications. However, their efficacy gets compromised due to their rapid clearance from the body. On one hand, rapid clearance is desired and considered advantageous in terms of their cytocompatibility, but on the other hand, it is a major limitation for their prolonged use as imaging and therapeutic probes. The uptake and clearance of GQDs have been described in vivo, however, their clearance in vitro is still not understood, one of the main reasons being that their uptake and clearance are a cell type-dependent phenomena. Studies on other types of quantum dots revealed the importance of surface charge in their uptake and retention in different cell types. However, the role of surface chemistry in GQD uptake and clearance has not been described previously. Here, we studied the influence of surface charge on GQDs (anionic and cationic) on their uptake and clearance in melanoma cells. Both cationic and anionic GQDs were synthesized using a hydrothermal method to have a relatively consistent size with an aim to study the role of surface charge in their uptake and clearance in isolation by avoiding size-dependent uptake bias. Both GQDs exhibited excellent biocompatibility with cell viability over 90% even at a high concentration of 200 μg mL-1. Using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, we observed significantly faster and higher uptake of cationic GQDs compared to anionic GQDs. Consequently, relatively rapid clearance was observed in cells treated with anionic GQDs compared to those treated with cationic GQDs, highlighting the role of surface charge on GQDs in their uptake and clearance. Raman analysis of the cleared exocytosed GQDs revealed no sign of biodegradation of either type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Narashimhan Ramana
- Multidisciplinary Clinical and Translational Research Group (MCTR), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI) Faridabad Haryana 121001 India
| | - Le N M Dinh
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Vipul Agarwal
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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15
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Bimová P, Barbieriková Z, Grenčíková A, Šípoš R, Škulcová AB, Krivjanská A, Mackuľak T. Environmental risk of nanomaterials and nanoparticles and EPR technique as an effective tool to study them-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22203-22220. [PMID: 33733403 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnologies and different types of nanomaterials belong in present day to intensively studied materials due to their unique properties and diverse potential applications in, e.g., electronics, medicine, or display technologies. Together with the investigation of their desired beneficial properties, a need to investigate and evaluate their influence on the environment and possible harmful effects towards living organisms is growing. This review summarizes possible toxic effects of nanomaterials on environment and living organisms, focusing on the possible bioaccumulation in organisms, toxicity, and its mechanisms. The main goal of this review is to refer to potential environmental risks rising from the use of nanomaterials and the necessity to deal with the possible toxic effects considering the growing interest in the wide-scale utilization of these materials. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy as the only analytical technique capable of detecting radical species enables detection, quantification, and monitoring of the generation of short-lived radicals often coupled with toxic effects of nanomaterials, which makes it an important method in the process of nanotoxicity mechanism determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Bimová
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technology and Materials, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Barbieriková
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Grenčíková
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Šípoš
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technology and Materials, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Butor Škulcová
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Krivjanská
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Mackuľak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
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16
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Xie X, Hou Z, Duan G, Zhang S, Zhou H, Yang Z, Zhou R. Boron nitride nanosheets elicit significant hemolytic activity via destruction of red blood cell membranes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111765. [PMID: 33866278 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Boron nitride (BN) nanosheets have emerged as promising nanomaterials in a wide range of biomedical applications. Despite extensive studies on these bio-nano interfacial systems, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we used hemolysis assays and morphology observations to demonstrate for the first time that BN nanosheets can cause damages to the red-blood-cell membranes, leading to significant hemolysis. Further molecular dynamics simulations revealed that BN nanosheets can penetrate into the cell membrane and also extract considerable amount of phospholipid molecules directly from the lipid bilayer. The potential of mean force calculations then showed that their penetration effect was thermodynamically favorable due to the strong attractive van der Waals interactions between BN nanosheets and phospholipids. Overall, these findings provided valuable insights into the interaction of BN nanosheets with cell membranes at the atomic level, which can help future de novo design of BN-based nanodevices with better biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhenyu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guangxin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shitong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, United States.
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17
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Liang L, Peng X, Sun F, Kong Z, Shen JW. A review on the cytotoxicity of graphene quantum dots: from experiment to simulation. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:904-917. [PMID: 36133293 PMCID: PMC9419276 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00904k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) generate intrinsic fluorescence and improve the aqueous stability of graphene oxide (GO) while maintaining wide chemical adaptability and high adsorption capacity. Despite GO's remarkable advantages in bio-imaging, bio-sensing, and other biomedical applications, many experiments and simulations have focused on the biosafety of GQDs. Here, we review the findings on the biosafety of GQDs from experiments; then, we review the results from simulated interactions with biological membranes, DNA molecules, and proteins; finally, we examine the intersection between experiments and simulations. The biosafety results from simulations are explained in detail. Based on the literature and our experiments, we also discuss the trends toward GQDs with better biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Liang
- College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China +86 571 87951895
| | - Xiangming Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, GuangZhou Red Cross Hospital 396 Tongfu Zhong Road Guangzhou 510220 GuangDong China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China +86 571 87951895
| | - Zhe Kong
- Center of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Shen
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 People's Republic of China
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Shiralizadeh Dezfuli A, Kohan E, Tehrani Fateh S, Alimirzaei N, Arzaghi H, Hamblin MR. Organic dots (O-dots) for theranostic applications: preparation and surface engineering. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2253-2291. [PMID: 35424170 PMCID: PMC8693874 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic dots is a term used to represent materials including graphene quantum dots and carbon quantum dots because they rely on the presence of other atoms (O, H, and N) for their photoluminescence or fluorescence properties. They generally have a small size (as low as 2.5 nm), and show good photostability under prolonged irradiation. The excitation and emission wavelengths of O-dots can be tailored according to their synthetic procedure, where although their quantum yield is quite low compared with organic dyes, this is partly compensated by their large absorption coefficients. A wide range of strategies have been used to modify the surface of O-dots for passivation, improving their solubility and biocompatibility, and allowing the attachment of targeting moieties and therapeutic cargos. Hybrid nanostructures based on O-dots have been used for theranostic applications, particularly for cancer imaging and therapy. This review covers the synthesis, physics, chemistry, and characterization of O-dots. Their applications cover the prevention of protein fibril formation, and both controlled and targeted drug and gene delivery. Multifunctional therapeutic and imaging platforms have been reported, which combine four or more separate modalities, frequently including photothermal or photodynamic therapy and imaging and drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Ronash Technology Pars Company Tehran Iran
| | - Elmira Kohan
- Department of Science, University of Kurdistan Kurdistan Sanandaj Iran
| | - Sepand Tehrani Fateh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU) Tehran Iran
| | - Neda Alimirzaei
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan Kashan Iran
| | - Hamidreza Arzaghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein 2028 South Africa
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19
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Kortel M, Mansuriya BD, Vargas Santana N, Altintas Z. Graphene Quantum Dots as Flourishing Nanomaterials for Bio-Imaging, Therapy Development, and Micro-Supercapacitors. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E866. [PMID: 32962061 PMCID: PMC7570118 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are considerably a new member of the carbon family and shine amongst other members, thanks to their superior electrochemical, optical, and structural properties as well as biocompatibility features that enable us to engage them in various bioengineering purposes. Especially, the quantum confinement and edge effects are giving GQDs their tremendous character, while their heteroatom doping attributes enable us to specifically and meritoriously tune their prospective characteristics for innumerable operations. Considering the substantial role offered by GQDs in the area of biomedicine and nanoscience, through this review paper, we primarily focus on their applications in bio-imaging, micro-supercapacitors, as well as in therapy development. The size-dependent aspects, functionalization, and particular utilization of the GQDs are discussed in detail with respect to their distinct nano-bio-technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zeynep Altintas
- Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany; (M.K.); (B.D.M.); (N.V.S.)
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20
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Abstract
Currently, apart from the widely known lithium-ion batteries, there are competitive solutions in the form of, for example, Li-S batteries. While the results of studies on the toxicity of Li-ion battery components are published, such studies on the components of Li-S cells are just beginning. The purpose of the current review was to identify materials used in the production of Li-S batteries and their toxicity, especially for humans. The review showed many kinds of materials with different levels of toxicity utilized for manufacturing of these cells. Some materials are of low toxicity, while some others are of the high one. A lot of materials have assigned different hazard statements. For some of the materials, no hazard statements were assigned, although such materials are toxic. No data related to the toxicity of some materials were found in the literature. This points out the need to further studies on their toxicity and legal actions to assign appropriate hazard statements.
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21
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Younis MR, He G, Lin J, Huang P. Recent Advances on Graphene Quantum Dots for Bioimaging Applications. Front Chem 2020; 8:424. [PMID: 32582629 PMCID: PMC7283876 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Being a zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterial of the carbon family, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) showed promising biomedical applications owing to their ultra-small size, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, excellent photo stability, tunable fluorescence, and water solubility, etc., thus capturing a considerable attention in biomedical field. This review summarizes the recent advances made in the research field of GQDs and place special emphasis on their bioimaging applications. We briefly introduce the synthesis strategies of GQDs, including top-down and bottom-up strategies. The bioimaging applications of GQDs are also discussed in detail, including optical [fluorescence (FL)], two-photon FL, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and dual-modal imaging. In the end, the challenges and future prospects to advance the clinical bioimaging applications of GQDs have also been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Lin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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22
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Nikazar S, Sivasankarapillai VS, Rahdar A, Gasmi S, Anumol PS, Shanavas MS. Revisiting the cytotoxicity of quantum dots: an in-depth overview. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:703-718. [PMID: 32140918 PMCID: PMC7311601 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, medical research has been shifting its focus to nanomedicine and nanotherapeutics in the pursuit of drug development research. Quantum dots (QDs) are a critical class of nanomaterials due to their unique properties, which include optical, electronic, and engineered biocompatibility in physiological environments. These properties have made QDs an attractive biomedical resource such that they have found application as both in vitro labeling and in vivo theranostic (therapy-diagnostic) agents. Considerable research has been conducted exploring the suitability of QDs in theranostic applications, but the cytotoxicity of QDs remains an obstacle. Several types of QDs have been investigated over the past decades, which may be suitable for use in biomedical applications if the barrier of cytotoxicity can be resolved. This review attempts to report and analyze the cytotoxicity of the major QDs along with relevant related aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Nikazar
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Engineering College, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Salim Gasmi
- Cellular and Applied Toxicology, Larbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria
| | - P S Anumol
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
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23
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Graphene quantum dots redefine nanobiomedicine. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Wu L, Jiang X. Enhancing Peroxidase Activity of Cytochrome c by Modulating Interfacial Interaction Forces with Graphene Oxide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1094-1102. [PMID: 31951423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has drawn worldwide attention in various biomedical fields because of its unique properties, and great progress has been made in the past years. Probing the interaction between GO and proteins, understanding and evaluating potential impact of GO on the protein structure and function, is of significant importance for design and optimization of functional interfaces and revealing the bioeffect of GO materials. Cytochrome c (cyt c), one of the key components of respiratory chain, has played important roles in energy generation/consumption and many cellular processes including growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this study, by combination of solution chemistry and spectroscopy, we systematically studied the interfacial interaction between GO and cyt c. Results suggest that GO could slightly perturb the active site of cyt c, enhancing its peroxidase activity. Structure of the active site is obviously changed with elapsed time, which in turn reduces peroxidase activity. Further study suggests that adsorption of cyt c on GO and the resulted structure change is a complex process resulting from the cooperation of various interaction forces. Hydrophobic interaction and π-π stacking, as well as electrostatic attraction, only slightly perturb the microenvironment of the active site of cyt c while hydrogen-bonding interaction is the main driving force for the structural change of the active site. Furthermore, long range electrostatic attraction between GO and cyt c may facilitate the short range hydrogen-bonding interaction, which intensifies the hydrogen-bonding-induced structural change. In addition, cyt c is partially reduced by GO in an alkaline environment. Based on the understanding of interfacial interaction mechanism between GO and cyt c, stable nanocomposites with enhanced peroxidase activity are successfully constructed by modulating the interfacial interaction forces. This work not only deepens the understanding of interaction between GO and functional protein, but also is of great importance for designing and applying of GO-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Wu
- State Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , Jilin , China
| | - Xiue Jiang
- State Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , Jilin , China
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Narayanan KB, Kim HD, Han SS. Biocompatibility and hemocompatibility of hydrothermally derived reduced graphene oxide using soluble starch as a reducing agent. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 185:110579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ramachandran P, Lee CY, Doong RA, Oon CE, Kim Thanh NT, Lee HL. A titanium dioxide/nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot nanocomposite to mitigate cytotoxicity: synthesis, characterisation, and cell viability evaluation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21795-21805. [PMID: 35516620 PMCID: PMC9054499 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02907f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have attracted tremendous interest owing to their unique physicochemical properties. However, the cytotoxic effect of TiO2 NPs remains an obstacle for their wide-scale applications, particularly in drug delivery systems and cancer therapies. In this study, the more biocompatible nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) were successfully incorporated onto the surface of the TiO2 NPs resulting in a N-GQDs/TiO2 nanocomposites (NCs). The effects of the nanocomposite on the viability of the breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) was evaluated. The N-GQDs and N-GQDs/TiO2 NCs were synthesised using a one- and two-pot hydrothermal method, respectively while the TiO2 NPs were fabricated using microwave-assisted synthesis in the aqueous phase. The synthesised compounds were characterised using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV-visible spectrophotometry. The cell viability of the MDA-MB-231 cell line was determined using a CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation (MTS) assay. The obtained results indicated that a monodispersed solution of N-GQDs with particle size 4.40 ± 1.5 nm emitted intense blue luminescence in aqueous media. The HRTEM images clearly showed that the TiO2 particles (11.46 ± 2.8 nm) are square shaped. Meanwhile, TiO2 particles were located on the 2D graphene nanosheet surface in N-GQDs/TiO2 NCs (9.16 ± 2.4 nm). N-GQDs and N-GQDs/TiO2 NCs were not toxic to the breast cancer cells at 0.1 mg mL−1 and below. At higher concentrations (0.5 and 1 mg mL−1), the nanocomposite was significantly less cytotoxic compared to the pristine TiO2. In conclusion, this nanocomposite with reduced cytotoxicity warrants further exploration as a new TiO2-based nanomaterial for biomedical applications, especially as an anti-cancer strategy. Cytotoxicity mitigation using titanium dioxide/nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot nanocomposites.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravena Ramachandran
- Nanomaterials Research Group
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Chong Yew Lee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Ruey-An Doong
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Chern Ein Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM)
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | | | - Hooi Ling Lee
- Nanomaterials Research Group
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Malaysia
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Avashthi G, Maktedar SS, Singh M. Sonochemically N-functionalized graphene oxide towards optically active photoluminescent bioscaffold. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 58:104651. [PMID: 31450345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, Nitrogen functionalized graphene oxide (N-f-GrO) has been synthesized using the sonochemical method. 2-Aminopyrimidine (APD) was used as a precursor for covalent functionalization with graphene oxide [f-(APD)GrO] as N-f-GrO which was ascertained with XPS. The involvement of arylamine group and formation of covalent bond over GrO surface was confirmed with high resolution C1s spectrum of f-(APD)GrO. Also, the signature of N1s peak in the survey spectrum of f-(APD)GrO has endorsed the surface modification of GrO through covalent functionalization. A bathochromic shift was observed for f-(APD)GrO in UV and enhanced weight loss of 91.39% at 191.80 °C, confirms a facile functionalization of GrO via formation of amide bond, where the terminal -OH portal of carboxylic group is substituted by 2-Aminopyrimidine. Moreover, the formation of f-(APD)GrO was investigated with various analytical techniques like Raman, XRD and FTIR. The surface morphology and topography have been understood by using HRTEM/SAED, AFM, and SEM analysis. The synthesized f-(APD)GrO shows potential optically active photoluminescence properties and higher potency towards biological insight. The identified photoluminescence (PL) peaks at 3.78, 3.21 2.01 and 1.64 eV indicate photon emission including an orange optical transition at 2.01 eV. The multiple peaks in a PL spectrum are due to radiative and non-radiative recombinations which are also associated with excess hole (h+)-electron (e-) trapping on the surface to restrict the recombinations of e- and h+. The biological activity of N-f-GrO has been explored with Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay on HaCaT and Vero cell lines. The concentration-dependent cell viabilities have been observed a maximum at 20 µg/ml for HaCaT and at 10 µg/ml for Vero cell lines at testing concentration range of 10-80 μg mL-1. The significant morphological impact on cell lines confirms the cytocompatibility behaviour. Therefore, the synergistic impact of various properties of f-(APD)GrO can be further explored to study its significance as nanocarrier for photosensitive biomedical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Avashthi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
| | - Shrikant S Maktedar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
| | - Man Singh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India.
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28
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Rajender G, Goswami U, Giri P. Solvent dependent synthesis of edge-controlled graphene quantum dots with high photoluminescence quantum yield and their application in confocal imaging of cancer cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 541:387-398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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29
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Avsievich T, Popov A, Bykov A, Meglinski I. Mutual interaction of red blood cells influenced by nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5147. [PMID: 30914741 PMCID: PMC6435805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive studies on different types of nanoparticles as potential drug carriers, the application of red blood cells (RBCs) as natural transport agents for systemic drug delivery is considered a new paradigm in modern medicine and possesses great potential. There is a lack of studies on the influence of drug carriers of different compositions on RBCs, especially regarding their potential impact on human health. Here, we apply conventional microscopy to observe the formation of RBC aggregates and optical tweezers to quantitatively assess the mutual interaction of RBCs incubated with inorganic and polymeric nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy is utilized for direct observation of nanoparticle localization on RBC membranes. The experiments are performed in a platelet-free blood plasma mimicking the RBC natural environment. We show that nanodiamonds influence mutual RBC interactions more antagonistically than other nanoparticles, resulting in higher aggregation forces and the formation of larger cell aggregates. In contrast, polymeric particles do not cause anomalous RBC aggregation. The results emphasize the application of optical tweezers for the direct quantitative assessment of the mutual interaction of RBCs influenced by nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Avsievich
- Opto-Electronics and Measurement Techniques, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Alexey Popov
- Opto-Electronics and Measurement Techniques, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, Oulu, 90014, Finland.
| | - Alexander Bykov
- Opto-Electronics and Measurement Techniques, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Igor Meglinski
- Opto-Electronics and Measurement Techniques, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, Oulu, 90014, Finland.
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
- National Research Nuclear University - MEPhI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), Moscow, 115409, Russia.
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30
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Ma L, Zhou M, He C, Li S, Fan X, Nie C, Luo H, Qiu L, Cheng C. Graphene-based advanced nanoplatforms and biocomposites from environmentally friendly and biomimetic approaches. GREEN CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9gc02266j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally friendly and biomimetic approaches to fabricate graphene-based advanced nanoplatforms and biocomposites for biomedical applications are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Ma
- Department of Ultrasound
- West China Hospital
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
| | - Mi Zhou
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Ultrasound
- West China Hospital
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
| | - Shuang Li
- Functional Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Ultrasound
- West China Hospital
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
| | - Chuanxiong Nie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universitat Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
| | - Hongrong Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound
- West China Hospital
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
| | - Chong Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound
- West China Hospital
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
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31
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Sameer Kumar R, Shakambari G, Ashokkumar B, Nelson DJ, John SA, Varalakshmi P. Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dot-Combined Sodium 10-Amino-2-methoxyundecanoate: Studies of Proinflammatory Gene Expression and Live Cell Imaging. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:11982-11992. [PMID: 30320283 PMCID: PMC6173567 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine cyanobacteria are renowned for producing bioactive secondary metabolites with great structural diversity via mixed biosynthetic pathways. Lyngbya sp., a marine cyanobacterium, produces many metabolites with anti-inflammatory potentials; nevertheless, its bioactive metabolites exercising providing protection against inflammation has been deciphered inadequate. In this study, the ethanolic fraction of the Lyngbya sp. extract was purified and identified as sodium 10-amino-2-methoxyundecanoate (SAM) using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron spray ionization-mass spectroscopy. SAM showed prominent inhibition of inflammation, which was analyzed by reactive oxygen species generation and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assay. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory potentials of SAM were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, which evidenced prominent decrease in COX-2 expression (∼90%) with SAM-treated cells than the control. Subsequently, a semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis also revealed the downregulation of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, NF-κß, IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-4, and IL-6 gene expression in SAM-treated LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. To further enhance the delivery of SAM into the cells, it was combined with N-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) for the anti-inflammatory potentials. It resulted in improved downregulation of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, NF-κß, IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-4, and IL-6 than cells treated with SAM alone. Conclusively, N-GQDs combined with SAM have the effective therapeutic potential as an inhibitor of inflammation by modulating the expression of different cytokine genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rai Sameer Kumar
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, and Department of
Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India 625 021
| | - Ganeshan Shakambari
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, and Department of
Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India 625 021
| | - Balasubramaniem Ashokkumar
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, and Department of
Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India 625 021
| | - D. James Nelson
- Department
of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil
Nadu, India 624 302
| | - S. Abraham John
- Department
of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil
Nadu, India 624 302
| | - Perumal Varalakshmi
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, and Department of
Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India 625 021
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32
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Li M, Gu MM, Tian X, Xiao BB, Lu S, Zhu W, Yu L, Shang ZF. Hydroxylated-Graphene Quantum Dots Induce DNA Damage and Disrupt Microtubule Structure in Human Esophageal Epithelial Cells. Toxicol Sci 2018; 164:339-352. [PMID: 29669094 PMCID: PMC6016703 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted significant interests due to their unique chemical and physical properties. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of hydroxyl-modified GQDs (OH-GQDs) on the human esophageal epithelial cell line HET-1A. Our data revealed significant cytotoxicity of OH-GQDs which decreased the viability of HET-1A in a dose and time-dependent manner. The moderate concentration (25 or 50 µg/ml) of OH-GQDs significantly blocked HET-1A cells in G0/G1 cell cycle phase. An increased percentage of γH2AX-positive and genomically unstable cells were also detected in cells treated with different doses of OH-GQDs (25, 50, and 100 µg/ml). Microarray data revealed that OH-GQDs treatment down-regulated genes related to DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation and cytoskeleton signal pathways indicating a novel role of OH-GQDs. Consistent with the microarray data, OH-GQDs disrupted microtubule structure and inhibited microtubule regrowth around centrosomes in HET-1A cells. In conclusion, our findings provide important evidence for considering the application of OH-GQDs in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Department of Radiobiology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Meng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Department of Radiobiology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Department of Radiobiology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei-Bei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Department of Radiobiology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Department of Radiobiology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Department of Radiobiology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Yu
- Suzhou Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research Center, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, North District of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeng-Fu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Department of Radiobiology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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33
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Goreham RV, Schroeder KL, Holmes A, Bradley SJ, Nann T. Demonstration of the lack of cytotoxicity of unmodified and folic acid modified graphene oxide quantum dots, and their application to fluorescence lifetime imaging of HaCaT cells. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:128. [PMID: 29594671 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe the synthesis of water-soluble and fluorescent graphene oxide quantum dots via acid exfoliation of graphite nanoparticles. The resultant graphene oxide quantum dots (GoQDs) were then modified with folic acid. Folic acid receptors are overexpressed in cancer cells and hence can bind to functionalized graphene oxide quantum dots. On excitation at 305 nm, the GoQDs display green fluorescence with a peak wavelength at ~520 nm. The modified GoQDs are non-toxic to macrophage cells even after prolonged exposure and high concentrations. Fluorescence lifetime imaging and multiphoton microscopy was used (in combination) to image HeCaT cells exposed to GoQDs, resulting in a superior method for bioimaging. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of graphene oxide quantum dots, folic acid modified graphene oxide quantum dots (red), and the use of fluorescence lifetime to discriminate against green auto-fluorescence of HeCaT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee V Goreham
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Science, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Kathryn L Schroeder
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Science, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Amy Holmes
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Siobhan J Bradley
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Science, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Nann
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Science, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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34
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Glebova Y, Severin N, Shershnev V, Rabe JP. Nitrogen-doped graphene as an alternative to ecotoxic zinc oxide in rubbers. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Glebova
- Department of Physics and Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences Adlershof; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies; Moscow Russia
| | - Nikolai Severin
- Department of Physics and Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences Adlershof; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | | | - Jürgen P. Rabe
- Department of Physics and Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences Adlershof; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Germany
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35
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Rakovich A, Rakovich T. Semiconductorversusgraphene quantum dots as fluorescent probes for cancer diagnosis and therapy applications. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:2690-2712. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00153g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a comparison of optical, chemical and biocompatibility properties of graphene and semiconductor quantum dots as fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksandra Rakovich
- Photonics and Nanotechnology Group
- Department of Physics
- King's College London
- London
- UK
| | - Tatsiana Rakovich
- Department of Molecular Rheumatology
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
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36
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de Sousa M, Martins CHZ, Franqui LS, Fonseca LC, Delite FS, Lanzoni EM, Martinez DST, Alves OL. Covalent functionalization of graphene oxide with d-mannose: evaluating the hemolytic effect and protein corona formation. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:2803-2812. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02997g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide mannosylation impacts on RBCs toxicity and plasma protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Sousa
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Campinas
- Brazil
| | - Carlos H. Z. Martins
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Campinas
- Brazil
| | - Lidiane S. Franqui
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano)
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM)
- Campinas
- Brazil
- School of Technology
| | - Leandro C. Fonseca
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Campinas
- Brazil
| | | | - Evandro M. Lanzoni
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano)
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM)
- Campinas
- Brazil
| | - Diego Stéfani T. Martinez
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Campinas
- Brazil
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano)
| | - Oswaldo L. Alves
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Campinas
- Brazil
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37
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Lai H, Xu F, Zhang Y, Wang L. Recent progress on graphene-based substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering applications. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4008-4028. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00902c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based SERS substrates are classified and introduced, and their applications in biosensing-related fields are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasheng Lai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Fugang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
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38
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Iannazzo D, Ziccarelli I, Pistone A. Graphene quantum dots: multifunctional nanoplatforms for anticancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6471-6489. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00747g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We review the recent advances in the application of GQDs as innovative nanoplatforms for anticancer therapy and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Iannazzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria
- University of Messina
- Contrada Di Dio
- Italy
| | - Ida Ziccarelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria
- University of Messina
- Contrada Di Dio
- Italy
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39
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Tian X, Xiao BB, Wu A, Yu L, Zhou J, Wang Y, Wang N, Guan H, Shang ZF. Hydroxylated-graphene quantum dots induce cells senescence in both p53-dependent and -independent manner. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1639-1648. [PMID: 30090463 PMCID: PMC6061981 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00209a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The numerous particular chemical/physical properties make graphene quantum dots (GQDs) attractive for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, bioimaging and tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT). In the present study, the critical roles of hydroxyl-modified GQDs (OH-GQDs) on lung carcinoma A549 (wild type p53) and H1299 (p53-null) cells were investigated. Our data showed that a medium concentration (50 μg mL-1) of OH-GQDs significantly decreased the viability of A549 and H1299 cells. OH-GQDs treatment enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, we found that treatment with ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) at least partially abolished the cytotoxic effect of OH-GQDs on A549 and H1299 cells. Hydroxylated GQDs lead to G0-G1 arrest and cells senescence. Signal pathway analysis revealed that OH-GQDs activated the expression of p21 in both a p53-dependent and -independent manner. Consistent with this, OH-GQDs could also inhibit the phosphorylation of Rb in both A549 and H1299 cells. These findings provide valuable information for the consideration of biomedical application of GQDs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tian
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Medical College of Soochow University , Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P.R. China .
| | - Bei-Bei Xiao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Medical College of Soochow University , Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P.R. China .
| | - Anqing Wu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Medical College of Soochow University , Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P.R. China .
| | - Lan Yu
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology , Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas , Dallas , Texas 75390 , USA
| | - Jundong Zhou
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory , Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215001 , P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology , Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB) , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P. R. China .
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Medical College of Soochow University , Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P.R. China .
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology , Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB) , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P. R. China .
| | - Zeng-Fu Shang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Medical College of Soochow University , Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P.R. China .
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40
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Lalwani G, D'Agati M, Khan AM, Sitharaman B. Toxicology of graphene-based nanomaterials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 105:109-144. [PMID: 27154267 PMCID: PMC5039077 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene based nanomaterials possess remarkable physiochemical properties suitable for diverse applications in electronics, telecommunications, energy and healthcare. The human and environmental exposure to graphene-based nanomaterials is increasing due to advancements in the synthesis, characterization and large-scale production of graphene and the subsequent development of graphene based biomedical and consumer products. A large number of in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies have evaluated the interactions of graphene-based nanomaterials with various living systems such as microbes, mammalian cells, and animal models. A significant number of studies have examined the short- and long-term in vivo toxicity and biodistribution of graphene synthesized by variety of methods and starting materials. A key focus of these examinations is to properly associate the biological responses with chemical and morphological properties of graphene. Several studies also report the environmental and genotoxicity response of pristine and functionalized graphene. This review summarizes these in vitro and in vivo studies and critically examines the methodologies used to perform these evaluations. Our overarching goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the complex interplay of biological responses of graphene as a function of their physiochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Lalwani
- Theragnostic Technologies Inc., Long Island High Technology Incubator Suite 123, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA.
| | - Michael D'Agati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | - Amit Mahmud Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Theragnostic Technologies Inc., Long Island High Technology Incubator Suite 123, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA.
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41
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Schroeder KL, Goreham RV, Nann T. Graphene Quantum Dots for Theranostics and Bioimaging. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2337-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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42
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Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive account on the current research status regarding the toxicity of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) – a new nano material with profound potential in various advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Wang
- Environmental Engineering & Queensland Miro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Nathan Campus
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Ivan S. Cole
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering – Clayton
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Qin Li
- Environmental Engineering & Queensland Miro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Nathan Campus
- Brisbane
- Australia
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43
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Wang Y, Zhang B, Zhai G. The effect of incubation conditions on the hemolytic properties of unmodified graphene oxide with various concentrations. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hemolytic properties of graphene oxide (GO) were evaluated from the novel view of the incubation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
| | - Baomei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
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44
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Recent developments in methodology employed to study the interactions between nanomaterials and model lipid membranes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:2743-58. [PMID: 26603178 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With the boom of nanotechnology, nanomaterials (NMs) have been widely utilized in diverse applications, especially in biological and biomedical fields. Understanding how NMs interact with biomolecules, including proteins, DNA, and lipids, is of great importance for revealing the limitations posed and opportunities offered. Model lipid membrane, as a simplified cell membrane model, has been widely used to study the nanomaterial-lipid membrane interactions. In this article, current and emerging techniques, both experimental and theoretical, to investigate the interactions between NMs and model lipid membrane are summarized with each tool's capacities and limitations, along with future directions and challenges in this exciting area. This critical information will provide methodological guidance for researchers in this field.
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Martinez DST, Paula AJ, Fonseca LC, Luna LAV, Silveira CP, Durán N, Alves OL. Monitoring the Hemolytic Effect of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles after Human Blood Protein Corona Formation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Wang J, Zhang P, Huang C, Liu G, Leung KCF, Wáng YXJ. High Performance Photoluminescent Carbon Dots for In Vitro and In Vivo Bioimaging: Effect of Nitrogen Doping Ratios. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:8063-73. [PMID: 26135003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent carbon dots (CDs) have received ever-increasing attention in the application of optical bioimaging because of their low toxicity, tunable fluorescent properties, and ultracompact size. We report for the first time on enhanced photoluminescence (PL) performance influenced by structure effects among the various types of nitrogen doped (N-doped) PL CDs. These CDs were facilely synthesized from condensation carbonization of linear polyethylenic amine (PEA) analogues and citric acid (CA) of different ratios. Detailed structural and property studies demonstrated that either the structures or the molar ratio of PEAs altered the PL properties of the CDs. The content of conjugated π-domains with C═N in the carbon backbone was correlated with their PL Quantum Yield (QY) (up to 69%). The hybridization between the surface/molecule state and the carbon backbone synergistically affected the chemical/physical properties. Also, long-chain polyethylenic amine (PEA) molecule-doped CDs exhibit increasing photostability, but at the expense of PL efficiency, proving that the PL emission of high QY CDs arise not only from the sp(2)/sp(3) carbon core and surface passivation of CDs, but also from the molecular fluorophores integrated in the CDs. In vitro and in vivo bioimaging of these N-doped CDs showed strong photoluminescence signals. Good biocompatibility demonstrates their potential feasibility for bioimaging applications. In addition, the overall size profile of the as-prepared CDs is comparable to the average size of capillary pores in normal living tissues (∼5 nm). Our study provides valuable insights into the effects of the PEA doping ratios on photoluminescence efficiency, biocompatibility, cellular uptake, and optical bioimaging of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Wang
- †Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | - Ken Cham-Fai Leung
- §Department of Chemistry and Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yì Xiáng J Wáng
- †Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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Akbari E, Buntat Z, Shahraki E, Parvaz R, Kiani MJ. Analytical investigation of bilayer lipid biosensor based on graphene. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:677-85. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328215585682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Graphene is another allotrope of carbon with two-dimensional monolayer honeycomb. Owing to its special characteristics including electrical, physical and optical properties, graphene is known as a more suitable candidate compared to other materials to be used in the sensor application. It is possible, moreover, to use biosensor by using electrolyte-gated field effect transistor based on graphene (GFET) to identify the alterations in charged lipid membrane properties. The current article aims to show how thickness and charges of a membrane electric can result in a monolayer graphene-based GFET while the emphasis is on the conductance variation. It is proposed that the thickness and electric charge of the lipid bilayer (LLP and QLP) are functions of carrier density, and to find the equation relating these suitable control parameters are introduced. Artificial neural network algorithm as well as support vector regression has also been incorporated to obtain other models for conductance characteristic. The results comparison between analytical models, artificial neural network and support vector regression with the experimental data extracted from previous work show an acceptable agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Akbari
- Institute of High Voltage and High Current, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Zolkafle Buntat
- Institute of High Voltage and High Current, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Elmira Shahraki
- Department of Communications Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ramtin Parvaz
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Neyriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyriz, Iran
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