1
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Iitani K, Ichikawa K, Toma K, Arakawa T, Mitsubayashi K. Biofluorometric Gas-Imaging System for Evaluating the Ripening Stages of "La France" Pear Based on Ethanol Vapor Emitted via the Epicarp. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 38919035 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Fruits can emit ethanol, which is generated through fermentation during hypoxic storage. We imaged spatiotemporal changes in the gaseous ethanol emitted by "La France" pear via its epicarp. The gas-imaging system utilized enzymes to transduce the ethanol concentration into fluorescence intensity. Initially, the uniformity of the enzyme and coenzyme distribution was evaluated to validate the imaging capability. Subsequently, two surface-fitting methods were compared to accurately image ethanol emitted from three-dimensional (3D) objects with a double-curved surface. The imaging results of ethanol emitted from the pear indicated that the distribution of ethanol was related to lenticels, which have been reported to possess high ethanol diffusivity, on the epicarp. As quantified by the system (uniformity of coenzyme and enzymes was 93.2 and 98.8%, respectively; dynamic range was 0.01-100 ppm), ethanol concentration increased with the storage period under hypoxic conditions (0.4-5.3 ppm, from day 1 to 10). The system enables the observation of the location, quantity, and temporal pattern of ethanol release from fruit, which could be a useful technology for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Iitani
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kenta Ichikawa
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Koji Toma
- College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arakawa
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji City, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Kohji Mitsubayashi
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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2
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Blohm A, Domes C, Merian A, Wolf S, Popp J, Frosch T. Comprehensive multi-gas study by means of fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the investigation of nitrogen cycle processes. Analyst 2024; 149:1885-1894. [PMID: 38357795 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The extensive use of synthetic fertilizers has led to a considerable increase in reactive nitrogen input into agricultural and natural systems, resulting in negative effects in multiple ecosystems, the so-called nitrogen cascade. Since the global population relies on fertilization for food production, synthetic fertilizer use needs to be optimized by balancing crop yield and reactive nitrogen losses. Fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (FERS) is introduced as a unique method for the simultaneous quantification of multiple gases to the study processes related to the nitrogen cycle. By monitoring changes in the headspace gas concentrations, processes such as denitrification, nitrification, respiration, and nitrogen fixation, as well as fertilizer addition were studied. The differences in concentration between the ambient and prepared process samples were evident in the Raman spectra, allowing for differentiation of process-specific spectra. Gas mixture concentrations were quantified within a range of low ppm to 100% for the gases N2, O2, CO2, N2O, and NH3. Compositional changes were attributed to processes of the nitrogen cycle. With help of multivariate curve resolution, it was possible to quantify N2O and CO2 simultaneously. The impact of fertilizers on N-cycle processes in soil was simulated and analyzed for identifying active processes. Thus, FERS was proven to be a suitable technique to optimize fertilizer composition and to quantify N2O and NH3 emissions, all with a single device and without further sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Blohm
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Domes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Merian
- Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering Group, Technical University Darmstadt, Merckstraße 25, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Centre of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering Group, Technical University Darmstadt, Merckstraße 25, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Centre of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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3
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Singh J, Muller A. Ambient Hydrocarbon Detection with an Ultra-Low-Loss Cavity Raman Analyzer. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3703-3711. [PMID: 36744943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The detection of ambient outdoor trace hydrocarbons was investigated with a multipass Raman analyzer. It relies on a multimode blue laser diode receiving optical feedback from a retroreflecting multipass optical cavity, effectively creating an external cavity diode laser within which spontaneous Raman scattering enhancement occurs. When implemented with ultra-low-loss mirrors, a more than 20-fold increase in signal-to-background ratio was obtained, enabling proximity detection of trace motor vehicle exhaust gases such as H2, CO, NO, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6. In a 10-min-long measurement at double atmospheric pressure, the limits of detection obtained were near or below 100 ppb for most analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Singh
- Physics Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida33620, United States
| | - A Muller
- Physics Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida33620, United States
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4
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Chen X, Wreyford R, Nasiri N. Recent Advances in Ethylene Gas Detection. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15175813. [PMID: 36079195 PMCID: PMC9457196 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The real-time detecting and monitoring of ethylene gas molecules could benefit the agricultural, horticultural and healthcare industries. In this regard, we comprehensively review the current state-of-the-art ethylene gas sensors and detecting technologies, covering from preconcentrator-equipped gas chromatographic systems, Fourier transform infrared technology, photonic crystal fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface acoustic wave and photoacoustic sensors, printable optically colorimetric sensor arrays to a wide range of nanostructured chemiresistive gas sensors (including the potentiometric and amperometric-type FET-, CNT- and metal oxide-based sensors). The nanofabrication approaches, working conditions and sensing performance of these sensors/technologies are carefully discussed, and a possible roadmap for the development of ethylene detection in the near future is proposed.
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5
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Trends in pharmaceutical analysis and quality control by modern Raman spectroscopic techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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6
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Wei J, Zhao M, Wang C, Wang J, Ye JM, Wei YC, Li ZY, Zhao R, Liu GZ, Geng YH, Wang R, Xiao HD, Li Y, Li CY, Gao ZQ, Gao J. Vacuum Based Gas Sensing Material Characterization System for Precise and Simultaneous Measurement of Optical and Electrical Responses. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22031014. [PMID: 35161761 PMCID: PMC8839427 DOI: 10.3390/s22031014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gas sensing performance characterization systems are essential for the research and development of gas sensing materials and devices. Although existing systems are almost completely automatically operated, the accuracies of gas concentration control and of pressure control and the ability to simultaneously detect different sensor signals still require improvement. In this study, a high-precision gas sensing material characterization system is developed based on vacuum technology, with the objective of enabling the precise and simultaneous measurement of electrical responses. Because of the implementation of vacuum technology, the gas concentration control accuracy is improved more than 1600 times, whereas the pressure of the test ambient condition can be precisely adjusted between vacuum and 1.2 bar. The vacuum-assisted gas-exchanging mechanism also enables the sensor response time to be determined more accurately. The system is capable of performing sensitivity, selectivity, and stability tests and can control the ambient relative humidity in a precise manner. More importantly, the levels of performance of three different optical signal measurement set-ups were investigated and compared in terms of detection range, linearity, noise, and response time, based on which of their scopes of application were proposed. Finally, single-period and cyclical tests were performed to examine the ability of the system to detect optical and electrical responses simultaneously, both at a single wavelength and in a spectral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (J.W.); (J.-M.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Meng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (J.W.); (J.-M.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.-C.W.); (Z.-Y.L.); (Z.-Q.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (J.W.); (R.Z.); (G.-Z.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Jian-Min Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (J.W.); (J.-M.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Yu-Chen Wei
- School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.-C.W.); (Z.-Y.L.); (Z.-Q.G.)
| | - Zhe-Yi Li
- School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.-C.W.); (Z.-Y.L.); (Z.-Q.G.)
| | - Run Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (J.W.); (R.Z.); (G.-Z.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Guo-Zhen Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (J.W.); (R.Z.); (G.-Z.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Yan-Hong Geng
- Suzhou Institute of Metrology, Suzhou 215009, China; (Y.-H.G.); (R.W.)
| | - Rui Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Metrology, Suzhou 215009, China; (Y.-H.G.); (R.W.)
| | - Hui-Dong Xiao
- Changchun New Industries Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130103, China;
| | - Ying Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (J.W.); (J.-M.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Chao-Ya Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (J.W.); (J.-M.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Zhi-Qiang Gao
- School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.-C.W.); (Z.-Y.L.); (Z.-Q.G.)
| | - Ju Gao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (J.W.); (R.Z.); (G.-Z.L.); (J.G.)
- School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
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7
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Cialla-May D, Krafft C, Rösch P, Deckert-Gaudig T, Frosch T, Jahn IJ, Pahlow S, Stiebing C, Meyer-Zedler T, Bocklitz T, Schie I, Deckert V, Popp J. Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging in Bioanalytics. Anal Chem 2021; 94:86-119. [PMID: 34920669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Cialla-May
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Krafft
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Rösch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Deckert-Gaudig
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Izabella J Jahn
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Pahlow
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Clara Stiebing
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Meyer-Zedler
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Iwan Schie
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena, University of Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Deckert
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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8
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Wang P, Chen W, Wang J, Zhou F, Hu J, Zhang Z, Wan F. Hazardous Gas Detection by Cavity-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Environmental Safety Monitoring. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15474-15481. [PMID: 34775758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the practicability of cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (CERS) with a folded multipass cavity as a unique tool for the detection of hazardous gases in the atmosphere. A four-mirror Z-sharped multipass cavity results in a greatly extended laser-gas interaction length to improve the Raman signal intensity of gases. For Raman intensity maximization, the optimal number of intracavity beams of a single reflection cycle is calculated and then the cavity parameters are designed. A total of 360 intracavity beams are realized, which are circulated four times in the cavity based on the polarization. ppb-Level Raman gas sensing at atmospheric pressure for several typical explosive gases and toxic gases in ambient air, including hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and chlorine (Cl2), is achieved at 300 s exposure time. Our CERS apparatus, which can detect multiple gases simultaneously with ultrahigh sensitivity and high selectivity, is powerful for detecting hazardous gases in the atmosphere, and it has excellent potential for environmental safety monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinyi Wang
- Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Weigen Chen
- Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing 400044, China.,State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company Changzhou Power Supply Company, Jiangsu, Nanjing 213000, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing 400044, China.,Electric Power Research Institute of Yunnan Power Grid Company Limited, Yunnan, Kunming 650217, China
| | - Zhixian Zhang
- Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Fu Wan
- Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing 400044, China
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9
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Wang J, Chen W, Wang P, Zhang Z, Wan F, Zhou F, Song R, Wang Y, Gao S. Fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for highly sensitive H 2 and SO 2 sensing with a hollow-core anti-resonant fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:32296-32311. [PMID: 34615304 DOI: 10.1364/oe.437693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An innovative fiber-enhanced Raman gas sensing system with a hollow-core anti-resonant fiber is introduced. Two iris diaphragms are implemented for spatial filtering, and a reflecting mirror is attached to one fiber end that provides a highly improved Raman signal enhancement over 2.9 times than the typical bare fiber system. The analytical performance for multigas compositions is thoroughly demonstrated by recording the Raman spectra of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), hydrogen (H2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) with limits of detection down to low-ppm levels as well as a long-term instability < 1.05%. The excellent linear relationship between Raman signal intensity (peak height) and gas concentrations indicates a promising potential for accurate quantification.
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10
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Knebl A, Domes C, Domes R, Wolf S, Popp J, Frosch T. Hydrogen and C2-C6 Alkane Sensing in Complex Fuel Gas Mixtures with Fiber-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10546-10552. [PMID: 34297525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Power-to-gas is a heavily discussed option to store surplus electricity from renewable sources. Part of the generated hydrogen could be fed into the gas grid and lead to fluctuations in the composition of the fuel gas. Consequently, both operators of transmission networks and end users would need to frequently monitor the gas to ensure safety as well as optimal and stable operation. Currently, gas chromatography-based analysis methods are the state of the art. However, these methods have several downsides for time-resolved and distributed application and Raman gas spectroscopy is favorable for future point-of-use monitoring. Here, we demonstrate that fiber-enhanced Raman gas spectroscopy (FERS) enables the simultaneous detection of all relevant gases, from major (methane, CH4; hydrogen, H2) to minor (C2-C6 alkanes) fuel gas components. The characteristic peaks of H2 (585 cm-1), CH4 (2917 cm-1), isopentane (765 cm-1), i-butane (798 cm-1), n-butane (830 cm-1), n-pentane (840 cm-1), propane (869 cm-1), ethane (993 cm-1), and n-hexane (1038 cm-1) are well resolved in the broadband spectra acquired with a compact spectrometer. The fiber enhancement achieved in a hollow-core antiresonant fiber enables highly sensitive measurements with limits of detection between 90 and 180 ppm for different hydrocarbons. Both methane and hydrogen were quantified with high accuracy with average relative errors of 1.1% for CH4 and 1.5% for H2 over a wide concentration range. These results show that FERS is ideally suited for comprehensive fuel gas analysis in a future, where regenerative sources lead to fluctuations in the composition of gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Knebl
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert Einstein Strasse 9, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Christian Domes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert Einstein Strasse 9, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Robert Domes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert Einstein Strasse 9, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert Einstein Strasse 9, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Juergen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert Einstein Strasse 9, Jena 07745, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry & Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert Einstein Strasse 9, Jena 07745, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry & Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07745, Germany.,Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering Group, Technical University Darmstadt, Merckstraße 25, Darmstadt 64283, Germany
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11
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Blohm A, Kumar S, Knebl A, Herrmann M, Küsel K, Popp J, Frosch T. Activity and electron donor preference of two denitrifying bacterial strains identified by Raman gas spectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:601-611. [PMID: 34297136 PMCID: PMC8748363 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human activities have greatly increased the input of reactive nitrogen species into the environment and disturbed the balance of the global N cycle. This imbalance may be offset by bacterial denitrification, an important process in maintaining the ecological balance of nitrogen. However, our understanding of the activity of mixotrophic denitrifying bacteria is not complete, as most research has focused on heterotrophic denitrification. The aim of this study was to investigate substrate preferences for two mixotrophic denitrifying bacterial strains, Acidovorax delafieldii and Hydrogenophaga taeniospiralis, under heterotrophic, autotrophic or mixotrophic conditions. This complex analysis was achieved by simultaneous identification and quantification of H2, O2, CO2, 14N2, 15N2 and 15N2O in course of the denitrification process with help of cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (CERS) multi-gas analysis. To disentangle electron donor preferences for both bacterial strains, microcosm-based incubation experiments under varying substrate conditions were conducted. We found that Acidovorax delafieldii preferentially performed heterotrophic denitrification in the mixotrophic sub-experiments, while Hydrogenophaga taeniospiralis preferred autotrophic denitrification in the mixotrophic incubation. These observations were supported by stoichiometric calculations. The results demonstrate the prowess of advanced Raman multi-gas analysis to study substrate use and electron donor preferences in denitrification, based on the comprehensive quantification of complex microbial gas exchange processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Blohm
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Swatantar Kumar
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Knebl
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Martina Herrmann
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kirsten Küsel
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Centre of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Abbe Centre of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering Group, Technical University Darmstadt, Merckstraße 25, 64283, Darmstadt, Germany.
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12
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Knebl A, Domes R, Wolf S, Domes C, Popp J, Frosch T. Fiber-Enhanced Raman Gas Spectroscopy for the Study of Microbial Methanogenesis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12564-12571. [PMID: 32845132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microbial methanogenesis is a key biogeochemical process in the carbon cycle that is responsible for 70% of global emissions of the potent greenhouse gas methane (CH4). Further knowledge about microbial methanogenesis is crucial to mitigate emissions, increase climate model accuracy, or advance methanogenic biogas production. The current understanding of the substrate use of methanogenic microbes is limited, especially regarding the methylotrophic pathway. Here, we present fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (FERS) of headspace gases as an alternate tool to study methanogenesis and substrate use in particular. The optical technique is nondestructive and sensitive to CH4, hydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide with a large dynamic range from trace levels (demonstrated LoDs: CH4, 3 ppm; H2, 49 ppm) to pure gases. In addition, the portable FERS system can provide quantitative information about methanol concentration in the liquid phase of microbial cultures through headspace gas sampling (LoD 25 ppm). We demonstrate how FERS gas sensing could enable us to track substrate and product levels of microbial methanogenesis with just one instrument. The versatility of Raman gas spectroscopy could moreover help us to elucidate links between nitrogen and carbon cycle in microbial communities in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Knebl
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Domes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Domes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Juergen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Physical Chemistry, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Friedrich Schiller University, Abbe Center of Photonics, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Physical Chemistry, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Friedrich Schiller University, Abbe Center of Photonics, 07745 Jena, Germany
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13
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Zhou J, Chu W, Lu D, Liu J, Mao X, Na X, Zhang S, Qian Y. A novel 3D printed negative pressure small sampling system for bubble-free liquid core waveguide enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Talanta 2020; 216:120942. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Transcriptome analysis reveals the regulation of metabolic processes during the post-harvest cold storage of pear. Genomics 2020; 112:3933-3942. [PMID: 32629095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pear is a traditional and economically fruit tree worldwide. With the development of the pear industry, pear fruit post-harvest preservation techniques have become very important. Among them, low temperature preservation technology is most widely used, but the molecular mechanism underlying this process is still unclear. To better understand this, RNA-seq was performed on samples collected at different time points with increasing storage time. Here, 19,610 differentially expressed genes were obtained and annotated into 51 GO terms and 26 KEGG-defined significantly overrepresented pathways. 2475 transcription factors belonging to 50 different families were identified with increasing storage time. Ethylene content increased with storage time and was the highest at 105 days of fruit storage. Accordingly, integrative analysis of gene expression revealed that 14 unigenes were related to the ethylene metabolic pathway. This study provides valuable resources to investigate the genetics of the ethylene metabolic pathways and improve pear storage and preservation technology.
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15
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Wang P, Chen W, Wang J, Tang J, Shi Y, Wan F. Multigas Analysis by Cavity-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Power Transformer Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5969-5977. [PMID: 32216282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the utility of cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (CERS) as a unique multigas analysis tool for power transformer diagnosis. For this purpose, improvements have been added to our recently introduced CERS apparatus. Based on optical feedback frequency-locking, laser radiation is coupled into a high-finesse optical cavity, thus resulting in huge intracavity laser power. With 20 s exposure time, ppm-level gas sensing at 1 bar total pressure is achieved, including carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), ethylene (C2H4), acetylene (C2H2), nitrogen (N2), and oxygen (O2). By using the internal standard gas (sulfur hexafluoride, SF6), the quantification of multigas with high accuracy is also realized, which is confirmed by the measurement of calibration gases. For fault diagnosis, transformer oil is sampled from a 110 kV power transformer in service. Dissolved gases are extracted and analyzed by the CERS apparatus. Then the transformer is diagnosed according to the measurement results. CERS has the ability to analyze multigas with high selectivity, sensitivity, and accuracy, it has great potential in gas sensing fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Weigen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jun Tang
- State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company, No. 18, Jiaozi North Second Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongli Shi
- China Southern Power Grid Company Limited, No. 137, Guanshan West Road, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Fu Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044, China
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16
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Rapid Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Stress Induced Degradation of the Pharmaceutical Drug Tetracycline. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081866. [PMID: 32316681 PMCID: PMC7221697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress factors caused by inadequate storage can induce the unwanted degradation of active compounds in pharmaceutical formulations. Resonance Raman spectroscopy is presented as an analytical tool for rapid monitoring of small concentration changes of tetracycline and the metabolite 4˗epianhydrotetracycline. These degradation processes were experimentally induced by changes in temperature, humidity, and irradiation with visible light over a time period of up to 23 days. The excitation wavelength λexc = 413 nm was proven to provide short acquisition times for the simultaneous Raman spectroscopic detection of the degradation of tetracycline and production of its impurity in small sample volumes. Small concentration changes could be detected (down to 1.4% for tetracycline and 0.3% for 4-epianhydrotetracycline), which shows the potential of resonance Raman spectroscopy for analyzing the decomposition of pharmaceutical products.
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17
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Wolf S, Frosch T, Popp J, Pletz MW, Frosch T. Highly Sensitive Detection of the Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin by Means of Fiber Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244512. [PMID: 31835489 PMCID: PMC6943513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock exhibit a rapid course and a high fatality rate. Antibiotic treatment is time-critical and precise knowledge of the antibiotic concentration during the patients’ treatment would allow individual dose adaption. Over- and underdosing will increase the antimicrobial efficacy and reduce toxicity. We demonstrated that fiber enhanced Raman spectroscopy (FERS) can be used to detect very low concentrations of ciprofloxacin in clinically relevant doses, down to 1.5 µM. Fiber enhancement was achieved in bandgap shifted photonic crystal fibers. The high linearity between the Raman signals and the drug concentrations allows a robust calibration for drug quantification. The needed sample volume was very low (0.58 µL) and an acquisition time of 30 s allowed the rapid monitoring of ciprofloxacin levels in a less invasive way than conventional techniques. These results demonstrate that FERS has a high potential for clinical in-situ monitoring of ciprofloxacin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wolf
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Timea Frosch
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Juergen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias W. Pletz
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: or
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18
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Frosch T, Wyrwich E, Yan D, Popp J, Frosch T. Fiber-Array-Based Raman Hyperspectral Imaging for Simultaneous, Chemically-Selective Monitoring of Particle Size and Shape of Active Ingredients in Analgesic Tablets. Molecules 2019; 24:E4381. [PMID: 31801249 PMCID: PMC6930444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The particle shape, size and distribution of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) are relevant quality indicators of pharmaceutical tablets due to their high impact on the manufacturing process. Furthermore, the bioavailability of the APIs from the dosage form depends largely on these characteristics. Routinely, particle size and shape are only analyzed in the powder form, without regard to the effect of the formulation procedure on the particle characteristics. The monitoring of these parameters improves the understanding of the process; therefore, higher quality and better control over the biopharmaceutical profile can be ensured. A new fiber-array-based Raman hyperspectral imaging technique is presented for direct simultaneous in-situ monitoring of three different active pharmaceutical ingredients- acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen and caffeine- in analgesic tablets. This novel method enables a chemically selective, noninvasive assessment of the distribution of the active ingredients down to 1 µm spatial resolution. The occurrence of spherical and needle-like particles, as well as agglomerations and the respective particle size ranges, were rapidly determined for two commercially available analgesic tablet types. Subtle differences were observed in comparison between these two tablets. Higher amounts of acetaminophen were visible, more needle-shaped and bigger acetylsalicylic acid particles, and a higher incidence of bigger agglomerations were found in one of the analgesic tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timea Frosch
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.F.); (E.W.); (D.Y.); (J.P.)
| | - Elisabeth Wyrwich
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.F.); (E.W.); (D.Y.); (J.P.)
| | - Di Yan
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.F.); (E.W.); (D.Y.); (J.P.)
| | - Juergen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.F.); (E.W.); (D.Y.); (J.P.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Centre of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745 code Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.F.); (E.W.); (D.Y.); (J.P.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Centre of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745 code Jena, Germany
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19
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Le VH, Caumon MC, Tarantola A, Randi A, Robert P, Mullis J. Quantitative Measurements of Composition, Pressure, and Density of Microvolumes of CO2–N2 Gas Mixtures by Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14359-14367. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Van-Hoan Le
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, GeoResssources Laboratory, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marie-Camille Caumon
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, GeoResssources Laboratory, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Alexandre Tarantola
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, GeoResssources Laboratory, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Aurélien Randi
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, GeoResssources Laboratory, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Pascal Robert
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, GeoResssources Laboratory, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Josef Mullis
- Mineralogisch-Petrographisches Institut, Bernoullistrasse 30, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Sieburg A, Knebl A, Jacob JM, Frosch T. Characterization of fuel gases with fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:7399-7408. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Frosch T, Wyrwich E, Yan D, Domes C, Domes R, Popp J, Frosch T. Counterfeit and Substandard Test of the Antimalarial Tablet Riamet ® by Means of Raman Hyperspectral Multicomponent Analysis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183229. [PMID: 31491881 PMCID: PMC6767462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The fight against counterfeit pharmaceuticals is a global issue of utmost importance, as failed medication results in millions of deaths every year. Particularly affected are antimalarial tablets. A very important issue is the identification of substandard tablets that do not contain the nominal amounts of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), and the differentiation between genuine products and products without any active ingredient or with a false active ingredient. This work presents a novel approach based on fiber-array based Raman hyperspectral imaging to qualify and quantify the antimalarial APIs lumefantrine and artemether directly and non-invasively in a tablet in a time-efficient way. The investigations were carried out with the antimalarial tablet Riamet® and self-made model tablets, which were used as examples of counterfeits and substandard. Partial least-squares regression modeling and density functional theory calculations were carried out for quantification of lumefantrine and artemether and for spectral band assignment. The most prominent differentiating vibrational signatures of the APIs were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timea Frosch
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Di Yan
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Domes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Domes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Juergen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Physical Chemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University, Abbe Centre of Photonics, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
- Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Physical Chemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany.
- Friedrich Schiller University, Abbe Centre of Photonics, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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22
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Knebl A, Domes R, Yan D, Popp J, Trumbore S, Frosch T. Fiber-Enhanced Raman Gas Spectroscopy for 18O- 13C-Labeling Experiments. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7562-7569. [PMID: 31050402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotopes are used in ecology to track and disentangle different processes and pathways. Especially for studies focused on the gas exchange of plants, sensing techniques that offer oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) sensitivity with isotopic discrimination are highly sought after. Addressing this challenge, fiber-enhanced Raman gas spectroscopy is introduced as a fast optical technique directly combining 13CO2 and 12CO2 as well as 18O2 and 16O2 measurements in one instrument. We demonstrate how a new type of optical hollow-core fiber, the so-called revolver fiber, is utilized for enhanced Raman gas sensing. Carbon dioxide and oxygen isotopologues were measured at concentrations expected when using 13C- and 18O-labeled gases in plant experiments. Limits of detection have been determined to be 25 ppm for CO2 and 150 ppm for O2. The combination of measurements with different integration times allows the creation of highly resolved broadband spectra. With the help of calculations based on density functional theory, the line at 1512 cm-1 occurring in the oxygen spectrum is assigned to 18O16O. The relative abundances of the isotopologues 18O16O and nitrogen 15N14N were in good agreement with typical values. For CO2, fiber-enhanced Raman spectra show the Fermi diad and hotbands of 12C16O2, 13C16O2, and 12C18O16O. Several weak lines were observed, and the line at 1426 cm-1 was identified as originating from the (0 4 0 2) → (0 2 0 2) transition of 12C16O2. With the demonstrated sensitivity and discriminatory power, fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a possible alternative means to investigate plant metabolism, directly combining 13CO2 and 12CO2 measurements with 18O2 and 16O2 measurements in one instrument. The presented method thus has large potential for basic analytical investigations as well as for applications in the environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Knebl
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , 07745 Jena , Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Robert Domes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Di Yan
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Juergen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , 07745 Jena , Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry & Abbe Center of Photonics , Friedrich Schiller University , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Susan Trumbore
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , 07745 Jena , Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry & Abbe Center of Photonics , Friedrich Schiller University , 07743 Jena , Germany
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23
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Yan D, Frosch T, Kobelke J, Bierlich J, Popp J, Pletz MW, Frosch T. Fiber-Enhanced Raman Sensing of Cefuroxime in Human Urine. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13243-13248. [PMID: 30387601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was developed for the chemically selective and sensitive quantification of the important antibiotic cefuroxime in human urine. A novel optical sensor fiber was drawn and precisely prepared. In this fiber structure, light is strongly confined in the selectively filled liquid core, and the Raman scattered signal is collected with unprecedented efficiency over an extended interaction length. The filling, emptying, and robustness are highly improved due to the large core size (>30 μm). Broadband step-index guidance allows the free choice of the most suitable excitation wavelength in complex body fluids. The limit of detection of cefuroxime in human urine was improved by 2 orders of magnitude (to μM level). The quantification of cefuroxime was achieved in urine after oral administration. This method has great potential for the point-of-care monitoring of antibiotics concentrations and is an important step forward to enable clinicians to rapidly adjust doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yan
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , Jena 07745 , Germany
| | - Timea Frosch
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , Jena 07745 , Germany
| | - Jens Kobelke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , Jena 07745 , Germany
| | - Jörg Bierlich
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , Jena 07745 , Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , Jena 07745 , Germany.,Friedrich Schiller University , Institute of Physical Chemistry , Jena 07743 , Germany.,Friedrich Schiller University , Abbe Centre of Photonics , Jena 07745 , Germany
| | - Mathias W Pletz
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control , Jena University Hospital , Jena 07740 , Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , Jena 07745 , Germany.,Friedrich Schiller University , Institute of Physical Chemistry , Jena 07743 , Germany.,Friedrich Schiller University , Abbe Centre of Photonics , Jena 07745 , Germany
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24
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Sieburg A, Jochum T, Trumbore SE, Popp J, Frosch T. Onsite cavity enhanced Raman spectrometry for the investigation of gas exchange processes in the Earth's critical zone. Analyst 2018; 142:3360-3369. [PMID: 28853462 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Raman gas spectrometry is introduced as a robust, versatile method for onsite, battery-powered field measurements of gases in the unsaturated and saturated critical zone. In this study, depth-profiles of the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide were simultaneously monitored down to ∼70 meters depth in the subsurface via a transect of drilling holes located in the Hainich Critical Zone Exploratory in central Germany. A special multichannel monitoring system was designed to access and analyze these gases non-consumptively onsite in a closed loop measurement cycle. During the timeframe of six months, seasonal changes in groundwater levels and microbial activity were related to changes observed in gas concentrations. High oxygen concentrations were found in the depths surrounding a karstified aquifer complex, while low oxygen concentrations were found in a fractured aquifer complex. Raman gas depth-profiles complement standard dissolved oxygen measurements as they also deliver oxygen concentrations in the unsaturated zone. The measured depth-profiles of the gas concentrations indicated that regions of anoxia can exist between the aquifer complexes. Lateral transport of O2 in the deeper aquifer complex provides a local source of O2 that can influence metabolism. Correlations were found between the observed CO2 concentrations and pH-values, indicating strong control of carbonate equilibria. The concentrations of O2 and CO2 were largely decoupled, thus simultaneous measurements of O2 soil effluxes give additional insights into biotic and abiotic processes in the Hainich CZE. These results illustrate the versatility of robust onsite Raman multigas measurements of the soil atmosphere and how they can contribute to the analysis of complex processes in previous uncharacterized environments in the critical zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sieburg
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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25
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26
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Currivan S, Upadhyay N, Paull B. Multi-channel capillaries and photonic crystal fibres for separation sciences. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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Sandfort V, Goldschmidt J, Wöllenstein J, Palzer S. Cavity-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Food Chain Management. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E709. [PMID: 29495501 PMCID: PMC5876629 DOI: 10.3390/s18030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive food chain management requires the monitoring of many parameters including temperature, humidity, and multiple gases. The latter is highly challenging because no low-cost technology for the simultaneous chemical analysis of multiple gaseous components currently exists. This contribution proposes the use of cavity enhanced Raman spectroscopy to enable online monitoring of all relevant components using a single laser source. A laboratory scale setup is presented and characterized in detail. Power enhancement of the pump light is achieved in an optical resonator with a Finesse exceeding 2500. A simulation for the light scattering behavior shows the influence of polarization on the spatial distribution of the Raman scattered light. The setup is also used to measure three relevant showcase gases to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach, including carbon dioxide, oxygen and ethene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenz Sandfort
- Laboratory for Gas Sensors, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Jens Goldschmidt
- Laboratory for Gas Sensors, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Wöllenstein
- Laboratory for Gas Sensors, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, Heidenhofstraße 8, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Palzer
- Department of Computer Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Francisco Tomás y Valiente 11, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Sieburg A, Schneider S, Yan D, Popp J, Frosch T. Monitoring of gas composition in a laboratory biogas plant using cavity enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2018; 143:1358-1366. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01689a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for online detection of multiple gases during the process of biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sieburg
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | | | - Di Yan
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
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Sandfort V, Trabold BM, Abdolvand A, Bolwien C, Russell PSJ, Wöllenstein J, Palzer S. Monitoring the Wobbe Index of Natural Gas Using Fiber-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17122714. [PMID: 29186768 PMCID: PMC5753068 DOI: 10.3390/s17122714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The fast and reliable analysis of the natural gas composition requires the simultaneous quantification of numerous gaseous components. To this end, fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool to detect most components in a single measurement using a single laser source. However, practical issues such as detection limit, gas exchange time and background Raman signals from the fiber material still pose obstacles to utilizing the scheme in real-world settings. This paper compares the performance of two types of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF), namely photonic bandgap PCF and kagomé-style PCF, and assesses their potential for online determination of the Wobbe index. In contrast to bandgap PCF, kagomé-PCF allows for reliable detection of Raman-scattered photons even below 1200 cm-1, which in turn enables fast and comprehensive assessment of the natural gas quality of arbitrary mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenz Sandfort
- Laboratory for Gas Sensors, Department of Microsystems Engineering–IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Barbara M. Trabold
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (B.M.T.); (A.A.); (P.S.J.R.)
| | - Amir Abdolvand
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (B.M.T.); (A.A.); (P.S.J.R.)
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Carsten Bolwien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, Heidenhofstraße 8, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (C.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Philip St. J. Russell
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (B.M.T.); (A.A.); (P.S.J.R.)
| | - Jürgen Wöllenstein
- Laboratory for Gas Sensors, Department of Microsystems Engineering–IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, Heidenhofstraße 8, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (C.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Stefan Palzer
- Department of Computer Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Francisco Tomás y Valiente 11, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Yan D, Popp J, Frosch T. Analysis of Fiber-Enhanced Raman Gas Sensing Based on Raman Chemical Imaging. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12269-12275. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Yan
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Physical
Chemistry, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University, Abbe Center of Photonics, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Physical
Chemistry, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University, Abbe Center of Photonics, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Domes C, Domes R, Popp J, Pletz MW, Frosch T. Ultrasensitive Detection of Antiseptic Antibiotics in Aqueous Media and Human Urine Using Deep UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9997-10003. [PMID: 28840713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Deep UV resonance Raman spectroscopy is introduced as an analytical tool for ultrasensitive analysis of antibiotics used for empirical treatment of patients with sepsis and septic shock, that is, moxifloxacin, meropenem, and piperacillin in aqueous solution and human urine. By employing the resonant excitation wavelengths λexc = 244 nm and λexc = 257 nm, only a small sample volume and short acquisition times are needed. For a better characterization of the matrix urine, the main ingredients were investigated. The capability of detecting the antibiotics in clinically relevant concentrations in aqueous media (LODs: 13.0 ± 1.4 μM for moxifloxacin, 43.6 ± 10.7 μM for meropenem, and 7.1 ± 0.6 μM for piperacillin) and in urine (LODs: 36.6 ± 11.0 μM for moxifloxacin, and 114.8 ± 3.1 μM for piperacillin) points toward the potential of UV Raman spectroscopy as point-of-care method for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). This procedure enables physicians to achieve fast adequate dosing of antibiotics to improve the outcome of patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Domes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Robert Domes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , Jena 07745, Germany.,Friedrich Schiller University , Institute for Physical Chemistry, Jena 07743, Germany.,Friedrich Schiller University , Abbe Centre of Photonics, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Mathias W Pletz
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital , Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , Jena 07745, Germany.,Friedrich Schiller University , Institute for Physical Chemistry, Jena 07743, Germany.,Friedrich Schiller University , Abbe Centre of Photonics, Jena 07745, Germany
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Jochum T, Fastnacht A, Trumbore SE, Popp J, Frosch T. Direct Raman Spectroscopic Measurements of Biological Nitrogen Fixation under Natural Conditions: An Analytical Approach for Studying Nitrogenase Activity. Anal Chem 2016; 89:1117-1122. [PMID: 28043118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Biological N2 fixation is a major input of bioavailable nitrogen, which represents the most frequent factor limiting the agricultural production throughout the world. Especially, the symbiotic association between legumes and Rhizobium bacteria can provide substantial amounts of nitrogen (N) and reduce the need for industrial fertilizers. Despite its importance in the global N cycle, rates of biological nitrogen fixation have proven difficult to quantify. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a simple analytical approach to measure biological N2 fixation rates directly without a proxy or isotopic labeling. We determined a mean N2 fixation rate of 78 ± 5 μmol N2 (g dry weight nodule)-1 h-1 of a Medicago sativa-Rhizobium consortium by continuously analyzing the amount of atmospheric N2 in static environmental chambers with Raman gas spectroscopy. By simultaneously analyzing the CO2 uptake and photosynthetic plant activity, we think that a minimum CO2 mixing ratio might be needed for natural N2 fixation and only used the time interval above this minimum CO2 mixing ratio for N2 fixation rate calculations. The proposed approach relies only on noninvasive measurements of the gas phase and, given its simplicity, indicates the potential to estimate biological nitrogen fixation of legume symbioses not only in laboratory experiments. The same methods can presumably also be used to detect N2 fluxes by denitrification from ecosystems to the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Jochum
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Agnes Fastnacht
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry , 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics , 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics , 07745 Jena, Germany
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