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Rückert A, Ast J, Hasib A, Nasteska D, Viloria K, Broichhagen J, Hodson DJ. Fine-tuned photochromic sulfonylureas for optical control of beta cell Ca 2+ fluxes. Diabet Med 2023; 40:e15220. [PMID: 37669696 PMCID: PMC10947021 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously developed, synthesized and tested light-activated sulfonylureas for optical control of KATP channels and pancreatic beta cell activity in vitro and in vivo. Such technology relies on installation of azobenzene photoswitches onto the sulfonylurea backbone, affording light-dependent isomerization, alteration in ligand affinity for SUR1 and hence KATP channel conductance. Inspired by molecular dynamics simulations and to further improve photoswitching characteristics, we set out to develop a novel push-pull closed ring azobenzene unit, before installing this on the sulfonylurea glimepiride as a small molecule recipient. Three fine-tuned, light-activated sulfonylureas were synthesized, encompassing azetidine, pyrrolidine and piperidine closed rings. Azetidine-, pyrrolidine- and piperidine-based sulfonylureas all increased beta cell Ca2+ -spiking activity upon continuous blue light illumination, similarly to first generation JB253. Notably, the pyrrolidine-based sulfonylurea showed superior switch OFF performance to JB253. As such, third generation sulfonylureas afford more precise optical control over primary pancreatic beta cells, and showcase the potential of pyrrolidine-azobenzenes as chemical photoswitches across drug classes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Ast
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Annie Hasib
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Daniela Nasteska
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Katrina Viloria
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - David J. Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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2
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Medved' M, Di Donato M, Buma WJ, Laurent AD, Lameijer L, Hrivnák T, Romanov I, Tran S, Feringa BL, Szymanski W, Woolley GA. Mechanistic Basis for Red Light Switching of Azonium Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19894-19902. [PMID: 37656631 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Azonium ions formed by the protonation of tetra-ortho-methoxy-substituted aminoazobenzenes photoisomerize with red light under physiological conditions. This property makes them attractive as molecular tools for the photocontrol of physiological processes, for example, in photopharmacology. However, a mechanistic understanding of the photoisomerization process and subsequent thermal relaxation is necessary for the rational application of these compounds as well as for guiding the design of derivatives with improved properties. Using a combination of sub-ps/ns transient absorption measurements and quantum chemical calculations, we show that the absorption of a photon by the protonated E-H+ form of the photoswitch causes rapid (ps) isomerization to the protonated Z-H+ form, which can also absorb red light. Proton transfer to solvent then occurs on a microsecond time scale, leading to an equilibrium between Z and Z-H+ species, the position of which depends on the solution pH. Whereas thermal isomerization of the neutral Z form to the neutral E form is slow (∼0.001 s-1), thermal isomerization of Z-H+ to E-H+ is rapid (∼100 s-1), so the solution pH also governs the rate at which E/E-H+ concentrations are restored after a light pulse. This analysis provides the first complete mechanistic picture that explains the observed intricate photoswitching behavior of azonium ions at a range of pH values. It further suggests features of azonium ions that could be targeted for improvement to enhance the applicability of these compounds for the photocontrol of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Medved'
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 241/27, Olomouc, 783 71 Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- CNR-ICCOM, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adèle D Laurent
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Lucien Lameijer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AF Groningen, The Netherlands
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tomáš Hrivnák
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivan Romanov
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susannah Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AF Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AF Groningen, The Netherlands
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Andrew Woolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
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3
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Emerging molecular technologies for light-mediated modulation of pancreatic beta-cell function. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101552. [PMID: 35863638 PMCID: PMC9352964 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Optogenetic modalities as well as optochemical and photopharmacological strategies, collectively termed optical methods, have revolutionized the control of cellular functions via light with great spatiotemporal precision. In comparison to the major advances in the photomodulation of signaling activities noted in neuroscience, similar applications to endocrine cells of the pancreas, particularly insulin-producing β-cells, have been limited. The availability of tools allowing light-mediated changes in the trafficking of ions such as K+ and Ca2+ and signaling intermediates such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), renders β-cells and their glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) amenable to optoengineering for drug-free control of blood sugar. Scope of review The molecular circuit of the GSIS in β-cells is described with emphasis on intermediates which are targetable for optical intervention. Various pharmacological agents modifying the release of insulin are reviewed along with their documented side effects. These are contrasted with optical approaches, which have already been employed for engineering β-cell function or are considered for future such applications. Principal obstacles are also discussed as the implementation of optogenetics is pondered for tissue engineering and biology applications of the pancreas. Major Conclusions Notable advances in optogenetic, optochemical and photopharmacological tools are rendering feasible the smart engineering of pancreatic cells and tissues with light-regulated function paving the way for novel solutions for addressing pancreatic pathologies including diabetes.
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Guérineau NC, Campos P, Le Tissier PR, Hodson DJ, Mollard P. Cell Networks in Endocrine/Neuroendocrine Gland Function. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3371-3415. [PMID: 35578964 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction, growth, stress, and metabolism are determined by endocrine/neuroendocrine systems that regulate circulating hormone concentrations. All these systems generate rhythms and changes in hormone pulsatility observed in a variety of pathophysiological states. Thus, the output of endocrine/neuroendocrine systems must be regulated within a narrow window of effective hormone concentrations but must also maintain a capacity for plasticity to respond to changing physiological demands. Remarkably most endocrinologists still have a "textbook" view of endocrine gland organization which has emanated from 20th century histological studies on thin 2D tissue sections. However, 21st -century technological advances, including in-depth 3D imaging of specific cell types have vastly changed our knowledge. We now know that various levels of multicellular organization can be found across different glands, that organizational motifs can vary between species and can be modified to enhance or decrease hormonal release. This article focuses on how the organization of cells regulates hormone output using three endocrine/neuroendocrine glands that present different levels of organization and complexity: the adrenal medulla, with a single neuroendocrine cell type; the anterior pituitary, with multiple intermingled cell types; and the pancreas with multiple intermingled cell types organized into distinct functional units. We give an overview of recent methodologies that allow the study of the different components within endocrine systems, particularly their temporal and spatial relationships. We believe the emerging findings about network organization, and its impact on hormone secretion, are crucial to understanding how homeostatic regulation of endocrine axes is carried out within endocrine organs themselves. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3371-3415, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauline Campos
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Paul R Le Tissier
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK.,COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham Midlands, UK.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrice Mollard
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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Adrion DM, Lopez SA. Cross-conjugation controls the stabilities and photophysical properties of heteroazoarene photoswitches. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5989-5998. [PMID: 35014651 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02026a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Azoarene photoswitches are versatile molecules that interconvert from their E-isomer to their Z-isomer with light. Azobenzene is a prototypical photoswitch but its derivatives can be poorly suited for in vivo applications such as photopharmacology due to undesired photochemical reactions promoted by ultraviolet light and the relatively short half-life (t1/2) of the Z-isomer (2 days). Experimental and computational studies suggest that these properties (λmax of the E isomer and t1/2 of the Z-isomer) are inversely related. We identified isomeric azobisthiophenes and azobisfurans from a high-throughput screening study of 1540 azoarenes as photoswitch candidates with improved λmax and t1/2 values relative to azobenzene. We used density functional theory to predict the activation free energies and vertical excitation energies of the E- and Z-isomers of 2,2- and 3,3-substituted azobisthiophenes and azobisfurans. The half-lives depend on whether the heterocycles are π-conjugated or cross-conjugated with the diazo π-bond. The 2,2-substituted azoarenes both have t1/2 values on the scale of 1 hour, while the 3,3-analogues have computed half-lives of 40 and 230 years (thiophene and furan, respectively). The 2,2-substituted heteroazoarenes have significantly higher λmax absorptions than their 3,3-substituted analogues: 76 nm for azofuran and 77 nm for azothiophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Adrion
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
| | - Steven A Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
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6
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Selivanova G, Skolyapova A, Wang J, Karpova E, Shundrina I, Bagryanskaya I, Amosov E. Azo dyes containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole fragment: synthesis and properties. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05084b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
New 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives containing a diazenyl group, as well as simultaneously a diazenyl and an imino group were synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Selivanova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of Siberian Branch of RAS, 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | | | - Jiaying Wang
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Karpova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of Siberian Branch of RAS, 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Inna Shundrina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of Siberian Branch of RAS, 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Bagryanskaya
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of Siberian Branch of RAS, 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny Amosov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of Siberian Branch of RAS, 9 Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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7
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Walczewska-Szewc K, Nowak W. Photo-Switchable Sulfonylureas Binding to ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Reveal the Mechanism of Light-Controlled Insulin Release. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13111-13121. [PMID: 34825567 PMCID: PMC8667036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are present in numerous organs, including the heart, brain, and pancreas. Physiological opening and closing of KATPs present in pancreatic β-cells, in response to changes in the ATP/ADP concentration ratio, are correlated with insulin release into the bloodstream. Sulfonylurea drugs, commonly used in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment, bind to the octamer KATP channels composed of four pore-forming Kir6.2 and four SUR1 subunits and increase the probability of insulin release. Azobenzene-based derivatives of sulfonylureas, such as JB253 inspired by well-established antidiabetic drug glimepiride, allow for control of this process by light. The mechanism of that phenomenon was not known until now. In this paper, we use molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and metadynamics to reveal structural determinants explaining light-controlled insulin release. We show that both trans- and cis-JB253 bind to the same SUR1 cavity as antidiabetic sulfonylurea glibenclamide (GBM). Simulations indicate that, in contrast to trans-JB253, the cis-JB253 structure generated by blue light absorption promotes open structures of SUR1, in close similarity to the GBM effect. We postulate that in the open SUR1 structures, the N-terminal tail from Kir6.2 protruding into the SUR1 pocket is stabilized by flexible enough sulfonylureas. Therefore, the adjacent Kir6.2 pore is more often closed, which in turn facilitates insulin release. Thus, KATP conductance is regulated by peptide linkers between its Kir6.2 and SUR1 subunits, a phenomenon present in other biological signaling pathways. Our data explain the observed light-modulated activity of photoactive sulfonylureas and widen a way to develop new antidiabetic drugs having reduced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Walczewska-Szewc
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy
and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University
in Torun, ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Wieslaw Nowak
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy
and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University
in Torun, ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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8
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Abstract
Azobenzenes are archetypal molecules that have a central role in fundamental and applied research. Over the course of almost two centuries, the area of azobenzenes has witnessed great achievements; azobenzenes have evolved from simple dyes to 'little engines' and have become ubiquitous in many aspects of our lives, ranging from textiles, cosmetics, food and medicine to energy and photonics. Despite their long history, azobenzenes continue to arouse academic interest, while being intensively produced for industrial purposes, owing to their rich chemistry, versatile and straightforward design, robust photoswitching process and biodegradability. The development of azobenzenes has stimulated the production of new coloured and light-responsive materials with various applications, and their use continues to expand towards new high-tech applications. In this Review, we highlight the latest achievements in the synthesis of red-light-responsive azobenzenes and the emerging application areas of photopharmacology, photoswitchable adhesives and biodegradable materials for drug delivery. We show how the synthetic versatility and adaptive properties of azobenzenes continue to inspire new research directions, with limits imposed only by one's imagination.
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Cheng HB, Zhang S, Qi J, Liang XJ, Yoon J. Advances in Application of Azobenzene as a Trigger in Biomedicine: Molecular Design and Spontaneous Assembly. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007290. [PMID: 34028901 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzene is a well-known derivative of stimulus-responsive molecular switches and has shown superior performance as a functional material in biomedical applications. The results of multiple studies have led to the development of light/hypoxia-responsive azobenzene for biomedical use. In recent years, long-wavelength-responsive azobenzene has been developed. Matching the longer wavelength absorption and hypoxia-response characteristics of the azobenzene switch unit to the bio-optical window results in a large and effective stimulus response. In addition, azobenzene has been used as a hypoxia-sensitive connector via biological cleavage under appropriate stimulus conditions. This has resulted in on/off state switching of properties such as pharmacology and fluorescence activity. Herein, recent advances in the design and fabrication of azobenzene as a trigger in biomedicine are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shuchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ji Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
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Kaur S, Begum N, Mohiuddin G, Kumar Pal S. Photo-Responsive Behavior of Azobenzene Based Polar Hockey-Stick-Shaped Liquid Crystals. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1361-1370. [PMID: 33956388 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A study on the photoswitching behavior of azobenzene-based polar hockey-stick-shaped liquid crystals (HSLCs) has been presented. Two new series of five phenyl rings based polar HSLCs have been designed and synthesized. Solution state photoisomerization of the synthesized materials was investigated thoroughly via UV-visible and 1 H NMR spectroscopic techniques, whereas solid-state photochromic behavior was elucidated via physical color change of the materials, solid-state UV-visible study, powder XRD, and FE-SEM techniques. The materials exhibited decent photochromic behavior for different potential applications. The thermal phase behavior of the superstructural assembly has been characterized via polarizing optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and temperature-dependent small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) studies. Depending upon the length of the terminal alkyl chain, nematic (N) and partially bilayer smectic A (SmAd ) phases were observed. DFT calculations revealed the favorable anti-parallel arrangement of the polar molecules that substantiate the formation of SmAd phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supreet Kaur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, India
| | - Nazma Begum
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, India
| | - Golam Mohiuddin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, India
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Gutzeit VA, Acosta-Ruiz A, Munguba H, Häfner S, Landra-Willm A, Mathes B, Mony J, Yarotski D, Börjesson K, Liston C, Sandoz G, Levitz J, Broichhagen J. A fine-tuned azobenzene for enhanced photopharmacology in vivo. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1648-1663.e16. [PMID: 33735619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the power of photopharmacology for interrogating signaling proteins, many photopharmacological systems are limited by their efficiency, speed, or spectral properties. Here, we screen a library of azobenzene photoswitches and identify a urea-substituted "azobenzene-400" core that offers bistable switching between cis and trans with improved kinetics, light sensitivity, and a red-shift. We then focus on the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), neuromodulatory receptors that are major pharmacological targets. Synthesis of "BGAG12,400," a photoswitchable orthogonal, remotely tethered ligand (PORTL), enables highly efficient, rapid optical agonism following conjugation to SNAP-tagged mGluR2 and permits robust optical control of mGluR1 and mGluR5 signaling. We then produce fluorophore-conjugated branched PORTLs to enable dual imaging and manipulation of mGluRs and highlight their power in ex vivo slice and in vivo behavioral experiments in the mouse prefrontal cortex. Finally, we demonstrate the generalizability of our strategy by developing an improved soluble, photoswitchable pore blocker for potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Gutzeit
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amanda Acosta-Ruiz
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hermany Munguba
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephanie Häfner
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Arnaud Landra-Willm
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Bettina Mathes
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Mony
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dzianis Yarotski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Conor Liston
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Guillaume Sandoz
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Chemical Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Sharma V, Rana R, Baksi R, Borse SP, Nivsarkar M. Light-controlled calcium signalling in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00046-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Identifying ways to reduce the burden of prostate cancer (Pca) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a top research priority. It is a typical entanglement seen in men which is portrayed by trouble in micturition. It stands as a significant problem in our society. Different molecular biomarker has high potential to treat Pca or BPH but also causes serious side effects during treatment.
Main text
The role of calcium signalling in the alteration of different biomarkers of Pca or BPH is important. Therefore, the photoswitch drugs may hold the potential to rebalance the altered calcium signaling cascade and the biomarker levels. Thereby play a significant role in the management of Pca and BPH. Online literature searches such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were carried out. The search terms used for this review were photo-pharmacology, photo-switch drug, photodynamic therapy, calcium signalling, etc. Present treatment of Pca or BPH shows absence of selectivity and explicitness which may additionally result in side effects. The new condition of the calcium flagging may offer promising outcomes in restoring the present issues related with prostate malignancy and BPH treatment.
Conclusion
The light-switching calcium channel blockers aim to solve this issue by incorporating photo-switchable calcium channel blockers that may control the signalling pathway related to proliferation and metastasis in prostate cancer without any side effects.
Graphical abstract
Schematic diagram explaining the proposed role of photo-switch therapy in curbing the side effects of active drugs in Pca (prostate cancer) and BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia). a) Delivery of medication by ordinary strategies and irreversible phototherapy causes side effects during treatment. Utilization of photo-switch drug to control the dynamic and inert condition of the medication can cause the medication impacts as we required in prostate cancer and BPH. b) Support of harmony between the calcium signaling is essential to guarantee ordinary physiology. Increment or abatement in the dimensions of calcium signaling can result in changed physiology. c) Major factors involved in the pathogenesis of BPH; downregulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) can prevent BPH. Similarly, downregulation of α-1 adrenoceptor can reduce muscle contraction, while overexpression of β-3 adrenoceptor in BPH can promote further muscle relaxation in BPH treatment therapy. Inhibition of overexpressed biomarkers in BPH TRPM2-1: transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1; TRPM2-2: transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2; Androgens; CXCL5: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5; TGFβ-1: transforming growth factor β-1; TXA2; thromboxane-2; NMDA: N-methyl-d-aspartate can be the potential target in BPH therapy.
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Welleman IM, Hoorens MWH, Feringa BL, Boersma HH, Szymański W. Photoresponsive molecular tools for emerging applications of light in medicine. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11672-11691. [PMID: 34094410 PMCID: PMC8162950 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04187d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-based therapeutic and imaging modalities, which emerge in clinical applications, rely on molecular tools, such as photocleavable protecting groups and photoswitches that respond to photonic stimulus and translate it into a biological effect. However, optimisation of their key parameters (activation wavelength, band separation, fatigue resistance and half-life) is necessary to enable application in the medical field. In this perspective, we describe the applications scenarios that can be envisioned in clinical practice and then we use those scenarios to explain the necessary properties that the photoresponsive tools used to control biological function should possess, highlighted by examples from medical imaging, drug delivery and photopharmacology. We then present how the (photo)chemical parameters are currently being optimized and an outlook is given on pharmacological aspects (toxicity, solubility, and stability) of light-responsive molecules. With these interdisciplinary insights, we aim to inspire the future directions for the development of photocontrolled tools that will empower clinical applications of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse M Welleman
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mark W H Hoorens
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus H Boersma
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymański
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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14
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Berizzi AE, Goudet C. Strategies and considerations of G-protein-coupled receptor photopharmacology. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2020; 88:143-172. [PMID: 32416866 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pharmacology tends to be complex and at times poorly understood. This has led to the development of GPCR-targeting agents that often demonstrate poor pharmacokinetic properties and poor selectivity for their target receptors. One approach that is emerging as a means of addressing these limitations is the use of molecules whose activity can be controlled by light. Photopharmacology involves the incorporation of a photoswitch into the structure of a given compound, cage or linker and following irradiation with light, undergoes a structural rearrangement, which changes its biological activity. The use of light-regulated ligands offers the opportunity to modulate and understand GPCR signaling in a more spatiotemporal manner than classical pharmacological approaches. In this chapter we will discuss some of the advancements that have been made in photopharmacology, particularly in developing photoswitchable ligands that target class A GPCRs, e.g., muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, class B GPCRs, e.g., glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor, and class C GPCRs, e.g., metabotrobic glutamate receptors. Given the intricacy of GPCR pharmacology, this chapter will also discuss some of the challenges the field faces when designing photopharmacological tools. Furthermore, it will propose that it is with a full appreciation of the spectrum of pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of photoswitchable ligands that research will be better placed to develop ligands with a reduced risk of failure during preclinical progression. This will likely enable photopharmacological approaches to continue to find novel applications and offer new perspectives in understanding (patho)physiology to ultimately inform future GPCR drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Berizzi
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Cyril Goudet
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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15
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16
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Ramírez-Rave S, Bernad-Bernad MJ, Gracia-Mora J, Yatsimirsky AK. Recent Advances in Application of Azobenzenes Grafted on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Controlled Drug Delivery Systems Using Light as External Stimulus. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 20:1001-1016. [PMID: 31483228 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190904145355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid materials based on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSN) have attracted plentiful attention due to the versatility of their chemistry, and the field of Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) is not an exception. MSN present desirable biocompatibility, high surface area values, and a well-studied surface reactivity for tailoring a vast diversity of chemical moieties. Particularly important for DDS applications is the use of external stimuli for drug release. In this context, light is an exceptional alternative due to its high degree of spatiotemporal precision and non-invasive character, and a large number of promising DDS based on photoswitchable properties of azobenzenes have been recently reported. This review covers the recent advances in design of DDS using light as an external stimulus mostly based on literature published within last years with an emphasis on usually overlooked underlying chemistry, photophysical properties, and supramolecular complexation of azobenzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ramírez-Rave
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica y Nuclear, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - María Josefa Bernad-Bernad
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jesús Gracia-Mora
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica y Nuclear, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Anatoly K Yatsimirsky
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica y Nuclear, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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17
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Aggarwal K, Banik M, Medellin B, Que EL. In Situ Photoregulation of Carbonic Anhydrase Activity Using Azobenzenesulfonamides. Biochemistry 2018; 58:48-53. [PMID: 30358990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report two small molecule azobenzenesulfonamide probes, CAP1 and CAP2, capable of photomodulating the activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA) on demand. In the trans form, CAP azobenzene probes adopt a linear shape, making them suitable for occupying the CA active site and interacting with Zn2+, thereby inhibiting enzyme activity. Following irradiation with either 365 or 410 nm light, the CAP probes isomerize to their cis form. Because of the change in steric profile, the probe exits the active site, and the activity of the enzyme is restored. The cis isomer can revert back to the trans isomer through thermal relaxation or via photoirradiation with 460 nm light and thereby inhibit protein activity again. This process can be repeated multiple times without any photodegradation and thus can be used to inhibit or activate the protein reversibly. Importantly, we demonstrate our ability to apply CAP azobenzene probes to regulate CA activity both in an isolated protein solution and in live cells, where the two isomers of CAP1 differentially regulate the intracellular cytosolic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Mandira Banik
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Brenda Medellin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology , The University of Texas at Austin , 100 East 24th Street, Stop A5000 , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Emily L Que
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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18
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Abstract
Molecular motors are Nature's solution for (supra)molecular transport and muscle functioning and are involved in most forms of directional motion at the cellular level. Their synthetic counterparts have also found a myriad of applications, ranging from molecular machines and smart materials to catalysis and anion transport. Although light-driven rotary molecular motors are likely to be suitable for use in an artificial cell, as well as in bionanotechnology, thus far they are not readily applied under physiological conditions. This results mainly from their inherently aromatic core structure, which makes them insoluble in aqueous solution. Here, the study of the dynamic behavior of these motors in biologically relevant media is described. Two molecular motors were equipped with solubilizing substituents and studied in aqueous solutions. Additionally, the behavior of a previously reported molecular motor was studied in micelles, as a model system for the biologically relevant confined environment. Design principles were established for molecular motors in these media, and insights are given into pH-dependent behavior. The work presented herein may provide a basis for the application of the remarkable properties of molecular motors in more advanced biohybrid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk S Lubbe
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Christian Böhmer
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Filippo Tosi
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1 , 9713 GZ Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hüll
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003-6699, United States
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003-6699, United States
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003-6699, United States
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20
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Nasteska D, Hodson DJ. The role of beta cell heterogeneity in islet function and insulin release. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:R43-R60. [PMID: 29661799 PMCID: PMC5976077 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly apparent that not all insulin-secreting beta cells are equal. Subtle differences exist at the transcriptomic and protein expression levels, with repercussions for beta cell survival/proliferation, calcium signalling and insulin release. Notably, beta cell heterogeneity displays plasticity during development, metabolic stress and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thus, heterogeneity or lack thereof may be an important contributor to beta cell failure during T2DM in both rodents and humans. The present review will discuss the molecular and cellular features of beta cell heterogeneity at both the single-cell and islet level, explore how this influences islet function and insulin release and look into the alterations that may occur during obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Nasteska
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR)University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- Centre for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham MidlandsBirmingham, UK
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR)University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- Centre for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham MidlandsBirmingham, UK
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21
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Devi S, Saraswat M, Grewal S, Venkataramani S. Evaluation of Substituent Effect in Z-Isomer Stability of Arylazo-1H-3,5-dimethylpyrazoles: Interplay of Steric, Electronic Effects and Hydrogen Bonding. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4307-4322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Devi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S.Nagar, Manauli, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Mayank Saraswat
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S.Nagar, Manauli, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Surbhi Grewal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S.Nagar, Manauli, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S.Nagar, Manauli, 140306 Punjab, India
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22
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Lin WC, Kramer RH. Light-Switchable Ion Channels and Receptors for Optogenetic Interrogation of Neuronal Signaling. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:861-869. [PMID: 29465988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetics is an emerging technique that enables precise and specific control of biological activities in defined space and time. This technique employs naturally occurring or engineered light-responsive proteins to manipulate the physiological processes of the target cells. To better elucidate the molecular bases of neural functions, substantial efforts have been made to confer light sensitivity onto ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors that mediate signaling events within and between neurons. The chemical strategies for engineering light-switchable channels/receptors and the neuronal implementation of these tools are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , University of California, Berkeley , 121 Life Sciences Addition , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Richard H Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , University of California, Berkeley , 121 Life Sciences Addition , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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23
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Abstract
The last few years have witnessed significant advances in the use of light as a stimulus to control biomolecular interactions. Great efforts have been devoted to the development of genetically encoded optobiological and small photochromic switches. Newly discovered small molecules now allow researchers to build molecular systems that are sensitive to a wider range of wavelengths of light than ever before with improved switching fidelities and increased lifetimes of the photoactivated states. Because these molecules are relatively small and adopt predictable conformations they are well suited as tools to interrogate cellular function in a spatially and temporally contolled fashion and for applications in photopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Mart
- School of Chemistry & Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Rudolf K Allemann
- School of Chemistry & Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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24
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Garcia-Amorós J, Stopa G, Stochel G, van Eldik R, Martínez M, Velasco D. Activation volumes for cis-to-trans isomerisation reactions of azophenols: a clear mechanistic indicator? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:1286-1292. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07349f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thermal cis-to-trans isomerisation reaction of a series of hydroxy-substituted azo derivatives was studied kinetico-mechanistically as a function of temperature and pressure in order to investigate the possible role of the solvent in controlling the isomerisation mechanism, viz. inversion versus rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Garcia-Amorós
- Grup de Materials Orgànics
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB)
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Martí i Franquès 1
| | - Grzegorz Stopa
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- Gronostajowa 2
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Grazyna Stochel
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- Gronostajowa 2
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Rudi van Eldik
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- Gronostajowa 2
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Manuel Martínez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Inorgànica)
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Martí i Franquès 1
- E-08028 Barcelona
| | - Dolores Velasco
- Grup de Materials Orgànics
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB)
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Martí i Franquès 1
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25
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Erb W, Levanen G, Roisnel T, Dorcet V. Application of the Curtius rearrangement to the synthesis of 1′-aminoferrocene-1-carboxylic acid derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj05020h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The shortest synthesis of N-protected 1′-aminoferrocene-1-carboxylic acid from readily available ferrocene-1,1′-dicarboxylic acid is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Erb
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Gael Levanen
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
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26
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Frank JA, Yushchenko DA, Fine NHF, Duca M, Citir M, Broichhagen J, Hodson DJ, Schultz C, Trauner D. Optical control of GPR40 signalling in pancreatic β-cells. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7604-7610. [PMID: 29568424 PMCID: PMC5848828 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01475a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids activate GPR40 and K+ channels to modulate β-cell function. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of FAAzo-10, a light-controllable GPR40 agonist based on Gw-9508. FAAzo-10 is a potent GPR40 agonist in the trans-configuration and can be inactivated on isomerization to cis with UV-A light. Irradiation with blue light reverses this effect, allowing FAAzo-10 activity to be cycled ON and OFF with a high degree of spatiotemporal precision. In dissociated primary mouse β-cells, FAAzo-10 also inactivates voltage-activated and ATP-sensitive K+ channels, and allows us to control glucose-stimulated Ca2+ oscillations in whole islets with light. As such, FAAzo-10 is a useful tool to study the complex effects, with high specificity, which FA-derivatives such as Gw-9508 exert at multiple targets in mouse β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Allen Frank
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Integrated Protein Science , Ludwig Maximilians University Munich , Butenandtstraße 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Dmytro A Yushchenko
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) , Cell Biology & Biophysics Unit , Meyerhofstraße 1 , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany .
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Flemingovo namesti 2 , 16610 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Nicholas H F Fine
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , B15 2TT , UK .
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism , Birmingham Health Partners , Birmingham , B15 2TH , UK
- COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham Midlands , UK
| | - Margherita Duca
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Integrated Protein Science , Ludwig Maximilians University Munich , Butenandtstraße 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , University of Milan , Via Golgi 19 , 20133 , Milan , Italy
| | - Mevlut Citir
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) , Cell Biology & Biophysics Unit , Meyerhofstraße 1 , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany .
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Integrated Protein Science , Ludwig Maximilians University Munich , Butenandtstraße 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany
- Max-Planck Institute of Medical Research , Jahnstr. 29 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , B15 2TT , UK .
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism , Birmingham Health Partners , Birmingham , B15 2TH , UK
- COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham Midlands , UK
| | - Carsten Schultz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) , Cell Biology & Biophysics Unit , Meyerhofstraße 1 , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany .
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , OR 97237 , USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Integrated Protein Science , Ludwig Maximilians University Munich , Butenandtstraße 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , 100 Washington Square East , New York , NY 10003-6699 , USA .
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27
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Rutter GA, Hodson DJ, Chabosseau P, Haythorne E, Pullen TJ, Leclerc I. Local and regional control of calcium dynamics in the pancreatic islet. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19 Suppl 1:30-41. [PMID: 28466490 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ is the key intracellular regulator of insulin secretion, acting in the β-cell as the ultimate trigger for exocytosis. In response to high glucose, ATP-sensitive K+ channel closure and plasma membrane depolarization engage a sophisticated machinery to drive pulsatile cytosolic Ca2+ changes. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ -activated K+ channels and Na+ /Ca2+ exchange all play important roles. The use of targeted Ca2+ probes has revealed that during each cytosolic Ca2+ pulse, uptake of Ca2+ by mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), secretory granules and lysosomes fine-tune cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics and control organellar function. For example, changes in the expression of the Ca2+ -binding protein Sorcin appear to provide a link between ER Ca2+ levels and ER stress, affecting β-cell function and survival. Across the islet, intercellular communication between highly interconnected "hubs," which act as pacemaker β-cells, and subservient "followers," ensures efficient insulin secretion. Loss of connectivity is seen after the deletion of genes associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and follows metabolic and inflammatory insults that characterize this disease. Hubs, which typically comprise ~1%-10% of total β-cells, are repurposed for their specialized role by expression of high glucokinase (Gck) but lower Pdx1 and Nkx6.1 levels. Single cell-omics are poised to provide a deeper understanding of the nature of these cells and of the networks through which they communicate. New insights into the control of both the intra- and intercellular Ca2+ dynamics may thus shed light on T2D pathology and provide novel opportunities for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Imperial Pancreatic Islet Biology and Diabetes Consortium, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham Midlands, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pauline Chabosseau
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Imperial Pancreatic Islet Biology and Diabetes Consortium, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Haythorne
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Imperial Pancreatic Islet Biology and Diabetes Consortium, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy J Pullen
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Imperial Pancreatic Islet Biology and Diabetes Consortium, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Leclerc
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Imperial Pancreatic Islet Biology and Diabetes Consortium, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
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28
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Podewin T, Broichhagen J, Frost C, Groneberg D, Ast J, Meyer-Berg H, Fine NHF, Friebe A, Zacharias M, Hodson DJ, Trauner D, Hoffmann-Röder A. Optical control of a receptor-linked guanylyl cyclase using a photoswitchable peptidic hormone. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4644-4653. [PMID: 28626572 PMCID: PMC5471452 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05044a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The optical control over biological function with small photoswitchable molecules has gathered significant attention in the last decade. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of a small library of photoswitchable peptidomimetics based upon human atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), in which the photochromic amino acid [3-(3-aminomethyl)phenylazo]phenylacetic acid (AMPP) is incorporated into the peptide backbone. The endogeneous hormone ANP signals via the natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A) through raising intracellular cGMP concentrations, and is involved in blood pressure regulation and sodium homeostasis, as well as lipid metabolism and pancreatic function. The cis- and trans-isomers of one of our peptidomimetics, termed TOP271, exhibit a four-fold difference in NPR-A mediated cGMP synthesis in vitro. Despite this seemingly small difference, TOP271 enables large, optically-induced conformational changes ex vivo and transforms the NPR-A into an endogenous photoswitch. Thus, application of TOP271 allows the reversible generation of cGMP using light and remote control can be afforded over vasoactivity in explanted murine aortic rings, as well as pancreatic beta cell function in islets of Langerhans. This study demonstrates the broad applicability of TOP271 to enzyme-dependent signalling processes, extends the toolbox of photoswitchable molecules to all classes of transmembrane receptors and utilizes photopharmacology to deduce receptor activation on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Podewin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science , LMU Munich , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany . ;
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science , LMU Munich , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany . ;
| | - Christina Frost
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Dieter Groneberg
- Julius-Maximilian-University Würzburg , Institute of Physiology , Röntgenring 9 , 97070 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Julia Ast
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE) , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT , UK
- Centre for Endocrinology , Diabetes and Metabolism , Birmingham Health Partners , Birmingham , B15 2TH , UK
| | - Helena Meyer-Berg
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science , LMU Munich , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany . ;
| | - Nicholas H F Fine
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE) , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT , UK
- Centre for Endocrinology , Diabetes and Metabolism , Birmingham Health Partners , Birmingham , B15 2TH , UK
| | - Andreas Friebe
- Julius-Maximilian-University Würzburg , Institute of Physiology , Röntgenring 9 , 97070 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE) , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT , UK
- Centre for Endocrinology , Diabetes and Metabolism , Birmingham Health Partners , Birmingham , B15 2TH , UK
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science , LMU Munich , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany . ;
| | - Anja Hoffmann-Röder
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science , LMU Munich , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany . ;
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29
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Mehta ZB, Johnston NR, Nguyen-Tu MS, Broichhagen J, Schultz P, Larner DP, Leclerc I, Trauner D, Rutter GA, Hodson DJ. Remote control of glucose homeostasis in vivo using photopharmacology. Sci Rep 2017; 7:291. [PMID: 28331198 PMCID: PMC5428208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Photopharmacology describes the use of light to precisely deliver drug activity in space and time. Such approaches promise to improve drug specificity by reducing off-target effects. As a proof-of-concept, we have subjected the fourth generation photoswitchable sulfonylurea JB253 to comprehensive toxicology assessment, including mutagenicity and maximum/repeated tolerated dose studies, as well as in vivo testing in rodents. Here, we show that JB253 is well-tolerated with minimal mutagenicity and can be used to optically-control glucose homeostasis in anesthetized mice following delivery of blue light to the pancreas. These studies provide the first demonstration that photopharmacology may one day be applicable to the light-guided treatment of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disease states in vivo in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenobia B Mehta
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Natalie R Johnston
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Marie-Sophie Nguyen-Tu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dean P Larner
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
| | - Isabelle Leclerc
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK.
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30
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Trads JB, Burgstaller J, Laprell L, Konrad DB, de la Osa de la Rosa L, Weaver CD, Baier H, Trauner D, Barber DM. Optical control of GIRK channels using visible light. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:76-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02153k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have developed the photoswitchable GIRK channel agonistVLOGO, which permits the precise control of GIRK channels using visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie B. Trads
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology
| | | | - Laura Laprell
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - David B. Konrad
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - Luis de la Osa de la Rosa
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - C. David Weaver
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Chemical Biology
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
- Nashville
- USA
| | - Herwig Baier
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology
- 82152 Martinsried
- Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - David M. Barber
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
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31
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Lerch MM, Hansen MJ, van Dam GM, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Emerging Targets in Photopharmacology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10978-99. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Lerch
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mickel J. Hansen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Gooitzen M. van Dam
- Department of Surgery, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and Intensive Care, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
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32
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Lerch MM, Hansen MJ, van Dam GM, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Neue Ziele für die Photopharmakologie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Lerch
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
| | - Mickel J. Hansen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
| | - Gooitzen M. van Dam
- Department of Surgery, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and Intensive Care, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen Niederlande
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen Niederlande
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen Niederlande
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33
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Sarter C, Heimes M, Jäschke A. The role of alkyl substituents in deazaadenine-based diarylethene photoswitches. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1103-10. [PMID: 27340498 PMCID: PMC4901873 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarylethenes are an important class of reversible photoswitches and often claimed to require two alkyl substituents at the carbon atoms between which the bond is formed or broken in the electrocyclic rearrangement. Here we probe this claim by the synthesis and characterization of four pairs of deazaadenine-based diarylethene photoswitches with either one or two methyl groups at these positions. Depending on the substitution pattern, diarylethenes with one alkyl group can exhibit significant photochromism, but they generally show poor stability towards extended UV irradiation, low thermal stability, and decreased fatigue resistance. The results obtained provide an important direction for the design of new efficient DNA photoswitches for the application in bionanotechnology and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sarter
- Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Heimes
- Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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34
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Lerch MM, Wezenberg SJ, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Unraveling the Photoswitching Mechanism in Donor–Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6344-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Lerch
- Centre for Systems
Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander J. Wezenberg
- Centre for Systems
Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems
Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Centre for Systems
Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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35
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Broichhagen J, Johnston NR, von Ohlen Y, Meyer-Berg H, Jones BJ, Bloom SR, Rutter GA, Trauner D, Hodson DJ. Allosteric Optical Control of a Class B G-Protein-Coupled Receptor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5865-8. [PMID: 27059784 PMCID: PMC5031193 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric regulation promises to open up new therapeutic avenues by increasing drug specificity at G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, drug discovery efforts are at present hampered by an inability to precisely control the allosteric site. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and testing of PhotoETP, a light-activated positive allosteric modulator of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), a class B GPCR involved in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis in humans. PhotoETP potentiates Ca(2+) , cAMP, and insulin responses to glucagon-like peptide-1 and its metabolites following illumination of cells with blue light. PhotoETP thus provides a blueprint for the production of small-molecule class B GPCR allosteric photoswitches, and may represent a useful tool for understanding positive cooperativity at the GLP-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Broichhagen
- LMU Munich, Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Laboratory of Protein Engineering (LIP), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalie R Johnston
- Imperial College London, Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yorrick von Ohlen
- Imperial College London, Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Helena Meyer-Berg
- LMU Munich, Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ben J Jones
- Imperial College London, Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, UK
| | - Stephen R Bloom
- Imperial College London, Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, UK
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Imperial College London, Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Dirk Trauner
- LMU Munich, Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - David J Hodson
- Imperial College London, Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK. ,
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. ,
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK. ,
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36
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Dong M, Babalhavaeji A, Hansen MJ, Kálmán L, Woolley GA. Red, far-red, and near infrared photoswitches based on azonium ions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:12981-4. [PMID: 26176021 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02804c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Azonium ions formed by p-amino substituted azo compounds with both ortho- and meta-methoxy substituents exhibit strong absorbance in far-red and near infrared spectral region. The compounds undergo robust photoswitching in aqueous solution and exhibit a range of thermal relaxation rates from 10 μs-100 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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37
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Broichhagen J, Johnston NR, von Ohlen Y, Meyer-Berg H, Jones BJ, Bloom SR, Rutter GA, Trauner D, Hodson DJ. Allosterische optische Steuerung eines Klasse-B-G-Protein-gekoppelten Rezeptors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Broichhagen
- LMU München; Department Chemie und Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM); Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC); Laboratory of Protein Engineering (LIP); 1015 Lausanne Schweiz
| | - Natalie R. Johnston
- Imperial College London; Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism; Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital; Du Cane Road London W12 0NN Großbritannien
| | - Yorrick von Ohlen
- Imperial College London; Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism; Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital; Du Cane Road London W12 0NN Großbritannien
| | - Helena Meyer-Berg
- LMU München; Department Chemie und Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM); Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Ben J. Jones
- Imperial College London; Section of Investigative Medicine; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism; Großbritannien
| | - Stephen R. Bloom
- Imperial College London; Section of Investigative Medicine; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism; Großbritannien
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Imperial College London; Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism; Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital; Du Cane Road London W12 0NN Großbritannien
| | - Dirk Trauner
- LMU München; Department Chemie und Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM); Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - David J. Hodson
- Imperial College London; Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism; Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital; Du Cane Road London W12 0NN Großbritannien
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR); University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT Großbritannien
- Centre for Endocrinology; Diabetes and Metabolism; Birmingham Health Partners; Birmingham B15 2TH Großbritannien
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38
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Konrad DB, Frank JA, Trauner D. Synthesis of Redshifted Azobenzene Photoswitches by Late-Stage Functionalization. Chemistry 2016; 22:4364-8. [PMID: 26889884 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Azobenzenes are versatile photoswitches that can be cycled between their trans- and cis-configuration with light. The wavelengths required for this isomerization are substantially shifted from the UV to the visible range through tetra-ortho-chlorination. These halogenated azobenzenes display unique photoswitching characteristics, but their syntheses remain limited and inefficient. A new general method for the synthesis of tetra-ortho-chloro azobenzenes has been developed, which relies on direct palladium(II)-catalyzed C-H activation of pre-existing standard azobenzenes. This late-stage functionalization has a broad substrate scope and can be used to create a variety of useful building blocks for the construction of more elaborate redshifted photopharmaceuticals. This method is used to prepare red-AzCA-4, a photoswitchable vanilloid that enables optical control of the cation channel TRPV1 with visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Konrad
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - James A Frank
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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39
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Broichhagen J, Podewin T, Meyer-Berg H, von Ohlen Y, Johnston NR, Jones BJ, Bloom SR, Rutter GA, Hoffmann-Röder A, Hodson DJ, Trauner D. Optical Control of Insulin Secretion Using an Incretin Switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15565-9. [PMID: 26585495 PMCID: PMC4736448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Incretin mimetics are set to become a mainstay of type 2 diabetes treatment. By acting on the pancreas and brain, they potentiate insulin secretion and induce weight loss to preserve normoglycemia. Despite this, incretin therapy has been associated with off-target effects, including nausea and gastrointestinal disturbance. A novel photoswitchable incretin mimetic based upon the specific glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist liraglutide was designed, synthesized, and tested. This peptidic compound, termed LirAzo, possesses an azobenzene photoresponsive element, affording isomer-biased GLP-1R signaling as a result of differential activation of second messenger pathways in response to light. While the trans isomer primarily engages calcium influx, the cis isomer favors cAMP generation. LirAzo thus allows optical control of insulin secretion and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Broichhagen
- LMU Munich, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich (Germany)
| | - Tom Podewin
- LMU Munich, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich (Germany)
| | - Helena Meyer-Berg
- LMU Munich, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich (Germany)
| | - Yorrick von Ohlen
- Imperial College London, Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Natalie R Johnston
- Imperial College London, Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Ben J Jones
- Imperial College London, Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Stephen R Bloom
- Imperial College London, Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Imperial College London, Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Anja Hoffmann-Röder
- LMU Munich, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich (Germany).
| | - David J Hodson
- Imperial College London, Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (UK).
| | - Dirk Trauner
- LMU Munich, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich (Germany).
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40
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Broichhagen J, Podewin T, Meyer-Berg H, von Ohlen Y, Johnston NR, Jones BJ, Bloom SR, Rutter GA, Hoffmann-Röder A, Hodson DJ, Trauner D. Optische Kontrolle der Insulinsekretion mit einem Inkretinschalter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dong M, Babalhavaeji A, Samanta S, Beharry AA, Woolley GA. Red-Shifting Azobenzene Photoswitches for in Vivo Use. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:2662-70. [PMID: 26415024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a great deal of interest in using the photoisomerization of azobenzene compounds to control specific biological targets in vivo. These azo compounds can be used as research tools or, in principle, could act as optically controlled drugs. Such "photopharmaceuticals" offer the prospect of targeted drug action and an unprecedented degree of temporal control. A key feature of azo compounds designed to photoswitch in vivo is the wavelength of light required to cause the photoisomerization. To pass through tissue such as the human hand, wavelengths in the red, far-red, or ideally near infrared region are required. This Account describes our attempts to produce such azo compounds. Introducing electron-donating or push/pull substituents at the para positions delocalizes the azobenzene chromophore and leads to long wavelength absorption but usually also lowers the thermal barrier to interconversion of the isomers. Fast thermal relaxation means it is difficult to produce a large steady state fraction of the cis isomer. Thus, specifically activating or inhibiting a biological process with the cis isomer would require an impractically bright light source. We have found that introducing substituents at all four ortho positions leads to azo compounds with a number of unusual properties that are useful for in vivo photoswitching. When the para substituents are amide groups, these tetra-ortho substituted azo compounds show unusually slow thermal relaxation rates and enhanced separation of n-π* transitions of cis and trans isomers compared to analogues without ortho substituents. When para positions are substituted with amino groups, ortho methoxy groups greatly stabilize the azonium form of the compounds, in which the azo group is protonated. Azonium ions absorb strongly in the red region of the spectrum and can reach into the near-IR. These azonium ions can exhibit robust cis-trans isomerization in aqueous solutions at neutral pH. By varying the nature of ortho substituents, together with the number and nature of meta and para substituents, long wavelength switching, stability to photobleaching, stability to hydrolysis, and stability to reduction by thiols can all be crafted into a photoswitch. Some of these newly developed photoswitches can be used in whole blood and show promise for effective use in vivo. It is hoped they can be combined with appropriate bioactive targets to realize the potential of photopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S
3H6, Canada
| | | | - Subhas Samanta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S
3H6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Chevron Science Center, 219 Parkman
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Andrew A. Beharry
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S
3H6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Mudd Building, Stanford, California 94305-4401, United States
| | - G. Andrew Woolley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S
3H6, Canada
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Garcia-Amorós J, Cuadrado A, Reig M, De Waele V, Poizat O, Velasco D. Spatially Close Azo Dyes with Sub-Nanosecond Switching Speeds and Exceptional Temporal Resolution. Chemistry 2015; 21:14292-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
Light is a fascinating phenomenon that ties together physics, chemistry, and biology. It is unmatched in its ability to confer information with temporal and spatial precision and has been used to map objects on the scale of tens of nanometers (10(-8) m) to light years (10(16) m). This information, gathered through super-resolution microscopes or space-based telescopes, is ultimately funneled through the human visual system, which is a miracle in itself. It allows us to see the Andromeda galaxy at night, an object that is 2.5 million light years away and very dim, and ski the next day in bright sunlight at an intensity that is 12 orders of magnitude higher. Human vision is only one of many photoreceptive systems that have evolved on earth and are found in all kingdoms of life. These systems rely on molecular photoswitches, such as retinal or tetrapyrrols, which undergo transient bond isomerizations or bond formations upon irradiation. The set of chromophores that have been employed in Nature for this purpose is surprisingly small. Nevertheless, they control a wide variety of biological functions, which have recently been significantly increased through the rapid development of optogenetics. Optogenetics originated as an effort to control neural function with genetically encoded photoreceptors that use abundant chromophores, in particular retinal. It now covers a variety of cellular functions other than excitability and has revolutionized the control of biological pathways in neuroscience and beyond. Chemistry has provided a large repertoire of synthetic photoswitches with highly tunable properties. Like their natural counterparts, these chromophores can be attached to proteins to effectively put them under optical control. This approach has enabled a new type of synthetic photobiology that has gone under various names to distinguish it from optogenetics. We now call it photopharmacology. Here we trace our involvement in this field, starting with the first light-sensitive potassium channel (SPARK) and concluding with our most recent work on photoswitchable fatty acids. Instead of simply providing a historical account of our efforts, we discuss the design criteria that guided our choice of molecules and receptors. As such, we hope to provide a roadmap to success in photopharmacology and make a case as to why synthetic photoswitches, properly designed and made available through well-planned and efficient syntheses, should have a bright future in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Broichhagen
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - James Allen Frank
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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