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Aqilah Zahirah Norazmi N, Hafizah Mukhtar N, Ravindar L, Suhaily Saaidin A, Huda Abd Karim N, Hamizah Ali A, Kartini Agustar H, Ismail N, Yee Ling L, Ebihara M, Izzaty Hassan N. Exploring antimalarial potential: Conjugating organometallic moieties with organic fragments for enhanced efficacy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 149:107510. [PMID: 38833991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
In the search for novel ligands with efficacy against various diseases, particularly parasitic diseases, molecular hybridization of organometallic units into biologically active scaffolds has been hailed as an appealing strategy in medicinal chemistry. The conjugation to organometallic fragments can be achieved by an appropriate linker or by directly coordinating the existing drugs to a metal. The success of Ferroquine (FQ, SR97193), an effective chloroquine-ferrocene conjugate currently undergoing the patient-exploratory phase as a combination therapy with the novel triaminopyrimidine ZY-19489 for malaria, has sparked intense interest in organometallic compound drug discovery. We present the evolution of organometallic antimalarial agents over the last decade, focusing on the parent moiety's class and the type of organometallics involved. Four main organometallic antimalarial compounds have been chosen based on conjugated organic moieties: existing antimalarial drugs, other clinical drugs, hybrid drugs, and promising scaffolds of thiosemicarbazones, benzimidazoles, and chalcones, in particular. The presented insights contribute to the ongoing discourse on organometallic compound drug development for malaria diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aqilah Zahirah Norazmi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hafizah Mukhtar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lekkala Ravindar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aimi Suhaily Saaidin
- Center of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi Mara, 43800 Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Huda Abd Karim
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amatul Hamizah Ali
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hani Kartini Agustar
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norzila Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicinal Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Lau Yee Ling
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Masahiro Ebihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1193, Japan
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Synthesis of unsymmetrical pincer CNN palladium complex of 8-dimethylamino-3-ferrocenylmethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane and its catalytic activity in the Suzuki reaction. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Biswas C, Chatterjee A, Vijayan V, Purohit CS, Kiran MS, Ghosh R. Synthesis, structural characterization and selective anticancer activity of [AgI(L)(PPh3)]2(NO3)2 [L = N(4)-substituted 2-acetylpyridine-N(4)-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone]. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.109178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Hamad A, Khan MA, Ahmad I, Khalil R, Khalid M, Abbas U, Azhar R, Uddin J, Batiha GES, Khan A, Shafiq Z, Al-Harrasi A. Bio-oriented synthesis of new sulphadiazine derivatives for urease inhibition and their pharmacokinetic analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18973. [PMID: 34556784 PMCID: PMC8460821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research is based on biology-oriented synthesis of sulphadiazine derivatives and determination of their urease inhibitory activity. In this regard, a series of (E)-4-(benzylideneamino)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide was synthesized from sulphadiazine and substituted aromatic aldehydes. The structures of synthesized compounds were ascertained by spectroscopic techniques, such as, FTIR, NMR and HRMS analysis, and in-vitro and in-silico investigation were carried out for the inhibition of urease. Ureases are harmful for humans by producing by-products of urea (ammonia and carbon dioxide). The most active compound (3l) against urease exhibited IC50 value of 2.21 ± 0.45 µM which is 10 times more potent than the standard thiourea (20.03 ± 2.06 µM). It is noteworthy that most of our synthesized compounds showed significant to excellent activities against urease enzyme and most of them substituted by halogen or hydroxy groups at ortho and para positions in their structures. Inhibition of enzyme by the synthesized analogues was in descending order as 3l > 3a > 3b > 3q > 3e > 3o > 3s > 3t > 3g > 3k > 3r > 3f > 3m > 3p > 3n > 3j > 3i > 3h. Moreover, molecular docking studies were performed to rationalize the binding interactions of the synthesized motifs with the active pocket of the urease enzyme. The synthesized sulphadiazine derivatives (3a-u) were found to be non-toxic, and presented passive gastrointestinal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Hamad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Abbas Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ruqaiya Khalil
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Urva Abbas
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Rahat Azhar
- Islam College of Pharmacy, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Jalal Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O Box 33, 616, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O Box 33, 616, Nizwa, Oman.
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Hamad A, Chen Y, Khan MA, Jamshidi S, Saeed N, Clifford M, Hind C, Sutton JM, Rahman KM. Schiff bases of sulphonamides as a new class of antifungal agent against multidrug-resistant Candida auris. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1218. [PMID: 34459551 PMCID: PMC8301596 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive Candida infections in hospitalized and immunocompromised or critically ill patients have become an important cause of morbidity and mortality. There are increasing reports of multidrug resistance in several Candida species that cause Candidemia, including C. glabrata and C. auris, with limited numbers of antifungal agents available to treat patients with invasive Candida infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new antifungal agents that work against multidrug-resistant Candida species, particularly C. auris, which has been identified as an emerging global pathogen. In this article, we report a new class of antifungal agents, the Schiff bases of sulphonamides, that show activity against all Candida species tested, with an MIC range of 4-32 µg/ml. Compound 2b showed activity against C. glabrata and a panel of fluconazole-resistant C. auris strains, with MICs of 4-16 µg/ml. The drug-like nature of these Schiff bases offers opportunities to optimize these compounds with medicinal chemistry techniques to obtain more potent analogs that can be progressed toward pre-clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Hamad
- Department of PharmacyThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpurPakistan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Yiyuan Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Mohsin A. Khan
- Department of PharmacyThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpurPakistan
| | - Shirin Jamshidi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Naima Saeed
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Charlotte Hind
- Public Health EnglandNational Infections ServiceSalisburyUK
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- Public Health EnglandNational Infections ServiceSalisburyUK
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Hamad A, Abbas Khan M, Ahmad I, Imran A, Khalil R, Al-Adhami T, Miraz Rahman K, Quratulain, Zahra N, Shafiq Z. Probing sulphamethazine and sulphamethoxazole based Schiff bases as urease inhibitors; synthesis, characterization, molecular docking and ADME evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mbaba M, Golding TM, Smith GS. Recent Advances in the Biological Investigation of Organometallic Platinum-Group Metal (Ir, Ru, Rh, Os, Pd, Pt) Complexes as Antimalarial Agents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225276. [PMID: 33198217 PMCID: PMC7698227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the face of the recent pandemic and emergence of infectious diseases of viral origin, research on parasitic diseases such as malaria continues to remain critical and innovative methods are required to target the rising widespread resistance that renders conventional therapies unusable. The prolific use of auxiliary metallo-fragments has augmented the search for novel drug regimens in an attempt to combat rising resistance. The development of organometallic compounds (those containing metal-carbon bonds) as antimalarial drugs has been exemplified by the clinical development of ferroquine in the nascent field of Bioorganometallic Chemistry. With their inherent physicochemical properties, organometallic complexes can modulate the discipline of chemical biology by proffering different modes of action and targeting various enzymes. With the beneficiation of platinum group metals (PGMs) in mind, this review aims to describe recent studies on the antimalarial activity of PGM-based organometallic complexes. This review does not provide an exhaustive coverage of the literature but focusses on recent advances of bioorganometallic antimalarial drug leads, including a brief mention of recent trends comprising interactions with biomolecules such as heme and intracellular catalysis. This resource can be used in parallel with complementary reviews on metal-based complexes tested against malaria.
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Veale CGL, Müller R. Recent Highlights in Anti-infective Medicinal Chemistry from South Africa. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:809-826. [PMID: 32149446 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Global advancements in biological technologies have vastly increased the variety of and accessibility to bioassay platforms, while simultaneously improving our understanding of druggable chemical space. In the South African context, this has resulted in a rapid expansion in the number of medicinal chemistry programmes currently operating, particularly on university campuses. Furthermore, the modern medicinal chemist has the advantage of being able to incorporate data from numerous related disciplines into the medicinal chemistry process, allowing for informed molecular design to play a far greater role than previously possible. Accordingly, this review focusses on recent highlights in drug-discovery programmes, in which South African medicinal chemistry groups have played a substantive role in the design and optimisation of biologically active compounds which contribute to the search for promising agents for infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton G L Veale
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Ronel Müller
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
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Roque Marques KM, do Desterro MR, de Arruda SM, de Araújo Neto LN, do Carmo Alves de Lima M, de Almeida SMV, da Silva ECD, de Aquino TM, da Silva-Júnior EF, de Araújo-Júnior JX, de M Silva M, de A Dantas MD, Santos JCC, Figueiredo IM, Bazin MA, Marchand P, da Silva TG, Mendonça Junior FJB. 5-Nitro-Thiophene-Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives Present Antitumor Activity Mediated by Apoptosis and DNA Intercalation. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1075-1091. [PMID: 31223089 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190621120304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the need for the development of new antitumor drugs, associated with the great antitumor potential of thiophene and thiosemicarbazonic derivatives, in this work we promote molecular hybridization approach to synthesize new compounds with increased anticancer activity. OBJECTIVE Investigate the antitumor activity and their likely mechanisms of action of a series of N-substituted 2-(5-nitro-thiophene)-thiosemicarbazone derivatives. METHODS Methods were performed in vitro (cytotoxicity, cell cycle progression, morphological analysis, mitochondrial membrane potential evaluation and topoisomerase assay), spectroscopic (DNA interaction studies), and in silico studies (docking and molecular modelling). RESULTS Most of the compounds presented significant inhibitory activity; the NCIH-292 cell line was the most resistant, and the HL-60 cell line was the most sensitive. The most promising compound was LNN-05 with IC50 values ranging from 0.5 to 1.9 µg.mL-1. The in vitro studies revealed that LNN-05 was able to depolarize (dose-dependently) the mitochondrial membrane, induceG1 phase cell cycle arrest noticeably, promote morphological cell changes associated with apoptosis in chronic human myelocytic leukaemia (K-562) cells, and presented no topoisomerase II inhibition. Spectroscopic UV-vis and molecular fluorescence studies showed that LNN compounds interact with ctDNA forming supramolecular complexes. Intercalation between nitrogenous bases was revealed through KI quenching and competitive ethidium bromide assays. Docking and Molecular Dynamics suggested that 5-nitro-thiophene-thiosemicarbazone compounds interact against the larger DNA groove, and corroborating the spectroscopic results, may assume an intercalating interaction mode. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight 5-nitro-thiophene-thiosemicarbazone derivatives, especially LNN-05, as a promising new class of compounds for further studies to provide new anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Mirella Roque Marques
- Bioactive Products Prospecting Laboratory, Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Rodrigues do Desterro
- Bioactive Products Prospecting Laboratory, Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Sandrine Maria de Arruda
- Bioactive Products Prospecting Laboratory, Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz Nascimento de Araújo Neto
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | | | - Edjan Carlos Dantas da Silva
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Nursing and Pharmacy School, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio-AL, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mendonça de Aquino
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Nursing and Pharmacy School, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio-AL, Brazil
| | | | - João Xavier de Araújo-Júnior
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Nursing and Pharmacy School, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio-AL, Brazil
| | - Marina de M Silva
- Laboratory of Development and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio-AL, Brazil
| | - Maria Dayanne de A Dantas
- Laboratory of Development and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio-AL, Brazil
| | - Josué Carinhanha C Santos
- Laboratory of Development and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio-AL, Brazil
| | - Isis M Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Development and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio-AL, Brazil
| | - Marc-Antoine Bazin
- Universite de Nantes, Cibles et medicaments des infections et du cancer, IICiMed, EA1155, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Universite de Nantes, Cibles et medicaments des infections et du cancer, IICiMed, EA1155, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Teresinha Gonçalves da Silva
- Bioactive Products Prospecting Laboratory, Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
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Antiprotozoal activity of palladium(II) salicylaldiminato thiosemicarbazone complexes on metronidazole resistant Trichomonas vaginalis. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Summers KL. A Structural Chemistry Perspective on the Antimalarial Properties of Thiosemicarbazone Metal Complexes. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:569-590. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666181015152657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a potentially life-threatening disease, affecting approx. 214 million people worldwide. Malaria is caused by a protozoan, Plasmodium falciparum, which is transmitted through the Anopheles mosquito. Malaria treatment is becoming more challenging due to rising resistance against the antimalarial drug, chloroquine. Novel compounds that target aspects of parasite development are being explored in attempts to overcome this wide-spread problem. Anti-malarial drugs target specific aspects of parasite growth and development within the human host. One of the most effective targets is the inhibition of hematin formation, either through inhibition of cysteine proteases or through iron chelation. Metal-thiosemicarbazone (TSC) complexes have been tested for antimalarial efficacy against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of P. falciparum. An array of TSC complexes with numerous transition metals, including ruthenium, palladium, and gold has displayed antiplasmodial activity. Au(I)- and Pd(II)-TSC complexes displayed the greatest potency; 4-amino-7-chloroquine moieties were also found to improve antiplasmodial activity of TSCs. Although promising metal-TSC drug candidates have been tested against laboratory strains of P. falciparum, problems arise when attempting to compare between studies. Future work should strive to completely characterize synthesized metal-TSC structures and assess antiplasmodial potency against several drug-sensitive and drugresistant strains. Future studies need to precisely determine IC50 values for antimalarial drugs, chloroquine and ferroquine, to establish accurate standard values. This will make future comparisons across studies more feasible and potentially help reveal structure-function relationships. Investigations that attempt to link drug structures or properties to antiplasmodial mechanism(s) of action will aid in the design of antimalarial drugs that may combat rising drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Summers
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
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Abdul Halim SN'A, Nordin FJ, Mohd Abd Razak MR, Mohd Sofyan NRF, Abdul Halim SN, Rajab NF, Sarip R. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of silver(I) complexes with mixed-ligands of thiosemicarbazones and diphenyl(p-tolyl)phosphine as biological agents. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1577400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozie Sarip
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Scarim CB, Jornada DH, Machado MGM, Ferreira CMR, Dos Santos JL, Chung MC. Thiazole, thio and semicarbazone derivatives against tropical infective diseases: Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), leishmaniasis, and malaria. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 162:378-395. [PMID: 30453246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thiazole, thiosemicarbazone and semicarbazone moieties are privileged scaffolds (acting as primary pharmacophores) in many compounds that are useful to treat several diseases, mainly tropical infectious diseases. In this review article, we critically analyzed the contribution of these scaffolds to medicinal chemistry in the last five years, focusing on tropical infectious diseases, such as Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), leishmaniasis, and malaria. We also present perspectives for their use in drug design in order to contribute to the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cauê Benito Scarim
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Man Chin Chung
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Sens L, de Souza ACA, Pacheco LA, Menegatti ACO, Mori M, Mascarello A, Nunes RJ, Terenzi H. Synthetic thiosemicarbazones as a new class of Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase A inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5742-5750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Cassells I, Stringer T, Hutton AT, Prince S, Smith GS. Impact of various lipophilic substituents on ruthenium(II), rhodium(III) and iridium(III) salicylaldimine-based complexes: synthesis, in vitro cytotoxicity studies and DNA interactions. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:763-774. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Nkungli NK, Ghogomu JN. Theoretical analysis of the binding of iron(III) protoporphyrin IX to 4-methoxyacetophenone thiosemicarbazone via DFT-D3, MEP, QTAIM, NCI, ELF, and LOL studies. J Mol Model 2017; 23:200. [PMID: 28597191 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones display diverse pharmacological properties, including antimalarial activities. Their pharmacological activities have been studied in depth, but little of this research has focused on their antimalarial mode of action. To elucidate this antimalarial mechanism, we investigated the nature of the interactions between iron(III) protoporphyrin IX (Fe(III)PPIX) and the thione-thiol tautomers of 4-methoxyacetophenone thiosemicarbazone (MAPTSC). Dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D3), the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), the noncovalent interaction (NCI) index, the electron localization function (ELF), the localized orbital locator (LOL), and thermodynamic calculations were employed in this work. Fe(III)PPIX-MAPTSC binding is expected to inhibit hemozoin formation, thereby preventing Fe(III)PPIX detoxification in plasmodia. Preliminary studies geared toward the identification of atomic binding sites in the thione-thiol tautomers of MAPTSC were carried out using molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps and conceptual DFT-based local reactivity indices. The thionic sulfur and the 2 N-azomethine nitrogen/thiol sulfur of, respectively, the thione and thiol tautomers of MAPTSC were identified as the most favorable nucleophilic sites for electrophilic attack. The negative values of the computed Fe(III)PPIX-MAPTSC binding energies, enthalpies, and Gibbs free energies are indicative of the existence and stability of Fe(III)PPIX-MAPTSC complexes. MAPTSC-Fe(III) coordinate bonds and strong hydrogen bonds (N-H···O) between the NH2 group in MAPTSC and the C=O group in one propionate side chain of Fe(III)PPIX are crucial to Fe(III)PPIX-MAPTSC binding. QTAIM, NCI, ELF, and LOL analyses revealed a subtle interplay of weak noncovalent interactions dominated by dispersive-like van der Waals interactions between Fe(III)PPIX and MAPTSC that stabilize the Fe(III)PPIX-MAPTSC complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyiang Kennet Nkungli
- Laboratory of Noxious Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Julius Numbonui Ghogomu
- Laboratory of Noxious Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
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Endo and exo cyclopalladated ( E )- N -([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1-mesitylmethanimines: Anticancer, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Adams M, de Kock C, Smith PJ, Chibale K, Smith GS. Evaluation of Ferrocenyl-Containing Benzothiazoles as Potential Antiplasmodial Agents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muneebah Adams
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cape Town; Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town South Africa
| | - Carmen de Kock
- Division of Pharmacology; Department of Medicine; University of Cape Town; Groote Schuur Hospital; K45, OMB, Observatory 7925 Cape Town South Africa
| | - Peter J. Smith
- Division of Pharmacology; Department of Medicine; University of Cape Town; Groote Schuur Hospital; K45, OMB, Observatory 7925 Cape Town South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cape Town; Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine; University of Cape Town; Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery & Development Research Unit; University of Cape Town; Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town South Africa
| | - Gregory S. Smith
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cape Town; Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town South Africa
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Baartzes N, Stringer T, Okombo J, Seldon R, Warner DF, de Kock C, Smith PJ, Smith GS. Mono- and polynuclear ferrocenylthiosemicarbazones: Synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial evaluation. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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