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Li Y, B Gowda SG, Gowda D, Ikeda A, Ait Bamai Y, Ketema RM, Kishi R, Chiba H, Hui SP. Alterations in plasma short-chain fatty acids in preadolescence children: The Hokkaido study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1242:124191. [PMID: 38870605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the plasma short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in 9-12-year-old Japanese children collected in the Hokkaido study, focusing on how factors such as age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) correlate with these levels. The Hokkaido Study on Children's Health is an ongoing longitudinal study since 2002, encompassing 20,926 pregnant women in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, between 2003 and 2012. We contacted 1881 children aged 9-12 born between April 2006 and January 2010, and 342 non-fasting plasma samples (boys = 181, girls = 161) were obtained from this cohort, alongside assessments of their height and weight. Plasma SCFA concentrations were determined using N,N-dimethylethylenediamine derivatization method coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ethyl acetate was used to extract SCFAs from plasma, and the recovery ranged from 83 % to 108 %. Our findings indicate that acetic acid had the highest concentration across all age groups and sexes. The concentrations of butyric acid, valeric acid, and hexanoic acid increased with age, peaking in 12-year-old children. Conversely, the level of 4-hydroxy valeric acid showed a decreasing trend with increasing age groups. This study also explored the correlation between BMI and SCFA concentrations, comparatively higher level of propionic acid was observed in the overweight group. The results obtained in this study enhance our understanding of the role of SCFAs in the growth and development of children and provide a foundation for future nutritional intervention and health promotion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghan Li
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Divyavani Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ikeda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yu Ait Bamai
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Rahel Mesfin Ketema
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Nakanuma Nishi-4-2-1-15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo 070-0894, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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Yang Z, Wang F, Yin Y, Huang P, Jiang Q, Liu Z, Yin Y, Chen J. Dietary Litsea cubeba essential oil supplementation improves growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 13:9-18. [PMID: 36941959 PMCID: PMC10023852 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper was to determine the effects of dietary Litsea cubeba essential oil (LEO) supplementation on growth performance, immune function, antioxidant level, intestinal morphology and microbial composition in weaned piglets. One hundred and ninety-two piglets (Duroc × [Large White × Landrace]) with 6.85 ± 0.22 kg mean body weight weaned at 21 d of age were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups with 8 replicates and were fed with a basal diet (CON) or CON diet containing 100 (LLEO), 200 (MLEO) and 400 (HLEO) mg/kg LEO. The results revealed that HLEO supplementation (P < 0.05) increased the average daily gain on d 28 compared with CON. MLEO and HLEO supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio. LEO-containing diets had a lower (P < 0.05) diarrhea rate. Supplementation with HLEO increased (P < 0.05) total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) both in the serum and liver. Meanwhile, the supplementation of MLEO and HLEO resulted in higher (P < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities both in serum and liver. Supplementation of HLEO increased (P < 0.05) serum immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G and interleukin-10, whereas supplementation with MLEO and HLEO decreased (P < 0.05) tumor necrosis factor-α. Villus height in the duodenum or jejunum was increased (P < 0.05) in the HLEO group, and the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum was also improved (P < 0.05) in the MLEO group. The addition of LEO increased (P < 0.05) the richness and diversity of the microbial community in the cecum, which mainly increased the relative abundance of Oscillospiraceae _UCG-005, Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Coprococcus. Piglets supplemented with HLEO increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), including acetic acid in the cecum and propionic acid in the colon. In conclusion, these findings indicated that LEO supplementation improved growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Yexin Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zhimou Liu
- Hunan Nuoz Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Yiyang, Hunan, 413056, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jiashun Chen
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Deng B, Wu J, Liu X, Ma Q, Tao X, Qi K, Diao X, Xu Z. Effects of Extruded Corn with Different Gelatinization Degrees on Feed Preference, Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Fecal Microbiota of Weaning Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:922. [PMID: 36899779 PMCID: PMC10000145 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Preference and performance trials were conducted to investigate the effects of extruded corn with different degrees of gelatinization on the feed preference, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal microbiota of weaning piglets. In the preference trial, 144 piglets who were 35 days old were weighed and allotted to six treatments with four replications per treatment. Piglets in each treatment group were allowed to choose two of the following four corn-supplemented diets: conventional corn (NC) or extruded corn with low (LEC; 41.82% gelatinization), medium (MEC; 62.60% gelatinization), or high (HEC; 89.93% gelatinization) degrees of gelatinization for 18 days. The results showed that the piglets preferred diets supplemented with a low degree of gelatinization of extruded corn. In the performance trial, 144 piglets who were 35 days old were weighed and allotted into four treatments with six replications per treatment. Piglets in each treatment were fed one of the four diets for 28 days. The results showed that LEC and MEC decreased the feed:gain ratio at 14-28 days and 0-28 days, respectively, and increased the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein compared with NC. Meanwhile, LEC increased the total protein and globulin content in the plasma on day 14, and MEC increased the ATTD of ether extract (EE) compared with NC. Extruded corn with low and medium degrees of gelatinization increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes at the phylum level and Lactobacillus, Alloprevotella, Prevotellaceae_UCG-03, and Prevotella_2 at the genus level. The results showed that extruded corn can improve feed preference, increase growth performance and nutrient digestibility, and modify gut microbiota, and the ideal degree of gelatinization is approximately 41.82-62.60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Deng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Animal Science and Technology College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Xin Tao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Keke Qi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xinping Diao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the available data regarding the associations of Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption with food intake and possible underlying mechanisms relating UPF consumption to weight gain and co-morbidities. RECENT FINDINGS In primarily observational studies, UPF consumption is consistently associated with an increased risk for weight gain among adults and children and increased risk for adiposity-related co-morbidities in adults. In a single mechanistic study, consumption of UPFs led to increased energy intake and weight gain relative to whole foods. UPFs tend to be more energy-dense than nutrient-dense, and UPF consumption is associated with increased adiposity and co-morbidity risk. These data suggest that recommendations to limit UPF consumption may be beneficial to health - though further mechanistic studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Crimarco
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Landry
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Christopher D Gardner
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Telle-Hansen VH, Gaundal L, Høgvard B, Ulven SM, Holven KB, Byfuglien MG, Måge I, Knutsen SH, Ballance S, Rieder A, Rud I, Myhrstad MCW. A Three-Day Intervention With Granola Containing Cereal Beta-Glucan Improves Glycemic Response and Changes the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Individuals: A Crossover Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:796362. [PMID: 35578615 PMCID: PMC9106798 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.796362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intake of soluble fibers including beta-glucan, is known to improve post-prandial glycemic response. The mechanisms have been attributed to the viscous gel forming in the stomach and small intestine, giving a longer absorption time. However, recent evidence suggests a link between intake of beta-glucan and improved glycemic regulation at subsequent meals through the gut microbiota. We investigated the short-term effect of granola with different amounts of cereal beta-glucan on glycemic response and gut microbiota. After a two-week run-in period (baseline), fourteen healthy, normal weight adults completed a dose-response dietary crossover study. Different amounts of cereal beta-glucan (low: 0.8 g, medium: 3.2 g and high: 6.6 g) were provided in granola and eaten with 200 ml low-fat milk as an evening meal for three consecutive days. Blood glucose and insulin were measured fasted and after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) the following day, in addition to peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-2), fasting short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in blood, breath H2, and gut microbiota in feces. Only the intervention with medium amounts of beta-glucan decreased blood glucose and insulin during OGTT compared to baseline. Fasting PYY increased with both medium and high beta-glucan meal compared to the low beta-glucan meal. The microbiota and SCFAs changed after all three interventions compared to baseline, where acetate and butyrate increased, while propionate was unchanged. Highest positive effect size after intake of beta-glucan was found with Haemophilus, followed by Veillonella and Sutterella. Furthermore, we found several correlations between different bacterial taxa and markers of glycemic response. In summary, intake of granola containing 3.2 g cereal beta-glucan as an evening meal for three consecutive days reduced the glycemic response after an OGTT 0-180 min and changed gut microbiota composition. Since we cannot rule out that other fiber types have contributed to the effect, more studies are needed to further explore the effect of cereal beta-glucan on glycemic regulation. Clinical Trial Registration [www.clinicaltrials.gov], identifier [NCT03293693].
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Gaundal
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte Høgvard
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ingrid Måge
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Svein Halvor Knutsen
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Simon Ballance
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Rieder
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Ida Rud
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Mari C. W. Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Zhuo Y, Huang Y, He J, Hua L, Xu S, Li J, Che L, Lin Y, Feng B, Wu D. Effects of Corn and Broken Rice Extrusion on the Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070818. [PMID: 35405808 PMCID: PMC8997032 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Extruded cereals are largely used in newly weaned piglet diets to increase nutrient digestibility and palatability. Our findings showed that corn and broken rice extrusion diets generated negative effects on average daily feed intake (−63.5 g/day, p = 0.054) and average daily gain (−60.6 g/d, p = 0.015) in weaned piglets. Decreased feed intake was associated with increased plasma levels of the gut-derived hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), which may have been attributed to increased microbiota pathogen abundance, including Sarcina, Clostridium_sensu_strictio_1, and Terrisporobacter, and decreased short-chain fatty acid-producing microbiota, such as Lactobaillaceae and Bifidobateriaceae. Our results showed that extruded cereals should be used cautiously when formulating diets for newly weaned piglets. Abstract In this study, we investigated the effects of corn and rice extrusion diets on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets. Animals were divided into four dietary groups and fed a controlled diet containing (1) 62.17% corn (CORN), 15% soybean, 10% extruded full-fat soybean, and 6% fishmeal (2) half the corn replaced by extruded corn (ECORN), (3) broken rice (RICE), and (4) extruded broken rice (ERICE) for 28 days. Rice supplementation increased dry matter total tract digestibility and gross energy. Extruded cereals generated a lower average daily feed intake (ADFI) at 15–28 and 1–28 days, decreased average daily growth (ADG) at 15–28 and 1–28 days, and a lowered body weight (BW) on day 28, regardless of cereal type. Dietary extruded cereals increased the appetite-regulating hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY). Piglets fed extruded cereals displayed low short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in plasma and low Lactobaillaceae and Bifidobateriaceae levels in feces, whereas a higher abundance of the potential pathogens Sarcina, Clostridium_sensu_strictio_1 and Terrisporobacter was observed. Piglets fed extruded cereals displayed significantly lower gas and SCFA levels during in vitro fermentation. Combined, 50% corn substituted with extruded corn or broken rice decreased piglet growth performance, possibly by altering their microbiota.
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Matsuoka T, Hosomi K, Park J, Goto Y, Nishimura M, Maruyama S, Murakami H, Konishi K, Miyachi M, Kawashima H, Mizuguchi K, Kobayashi T, Yokomichi H, Kunisawa J, Yamagata Z. Relationships between barley consumption and gut microbiome characteristics in a healthy Japanese population: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:23. [PMID: 35287729 PMCID: PMC8919566 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Barley contains abundant soluble beta-glucan fibers, which have established health benefits. In addition, the health benefits conferred by the gut bacteria have attracted considerable interest. However, few studies have focused on the barley consumption and gut bacteria of the Japanese population. In this study, we aimed to identify the relationship between the barley consumption and gut bacteria composition of the Japanese population. Methods In total, 236 participants were recruited in Japan, and 94 participants with no complications of diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia were selected for the study. We analyzed fecal samples from the participants, their medical check-up results, and responses to questionnaires about dietary habits. The participants were grouped according to their median barley consumption. Then, we assessed the relative abundance of 50 genera. Characteristic bacteria were evaluated for their relationship with barley consumption by multiple regression analysis, adjusted for disease and dietary habits, in all participants. We also analyzed the networks and clustering of the 20 selected genera. Results According to the comparison between barley groups, Bifidobacterium, Butyricicoccus, Collinsella, Ruminococcus 2, and Dialister were characteristic candidate bacterias of the group that consumed large amounts of barley (P < 0.05). The relationship between barley consumption and Bifidobacterium remained after adjusting for disease and dietary habits, and that of Butyricicoccus remained after adjusting for disease. Furthermore, network and cluster analyses revealed that barley consumption was directly correlated with Bifidobacterium and Butyricicoccus. Conclusions Barley consumption generates changes in the intestinal bacteria of the Japanese population. We found that Bifidobacterium and Butyricicoccus abundance was positively associated with barley consumption. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-022-00500-3.
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Wang Q, Li L, Wang T, Zheng X. A review of extrusion-modified underutilized cereal flour: chemical composition, functionality, and its modulation on starchy food quality. Food Chem 2022; 370:131361. [PMID: 34788965 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Compared with three major cereals, underutilized cereals (UCs) are those with less use but having abundant bioactive components and better functionalities after proper processing. As a productive and energy-efficient technology, extrusion has been used for UC modification to improve its technological and nutritional quality. Extrusion could induce structural and quantitative changes in chemical components of UC flour, the degree of which is affected by extrusion intensity. Based on the predominant component (starch), functionalities of extruded underutilized cereal flour (EUCF) and potential mechanisms are reviewed. Considering bioactive compounds, it also summarizes the physiological functions of EUCF. EUCF incorporation could modulate the dough rheological behavior and starchy foods quality. Controlling extrusion intensity or incorporation level of EUCF is vital to achieve sensory-appealing and nutritious products. This paper gives comprehensive information of EUCF to promote its utilization in novel staple foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfa Wang
- College of Grain, Oil and Food Science, Henan University of Technology, No.100 Lianhua Street in Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Limin Li
- College of Grain, Oil and Food Science, Henan University of Technology, No.100 Lianhua Street in Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Grain, Oil and Food Science, Henan University of Technology, No.100 Lianhua Street in Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xueling Zheng
- College of Grain, Oil and Food Science, Henan University of Technology, No.100 Lianhua Street in Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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Xu D, Feng M, Chu Y, Wang S, Shete V, Tuohy KM, Liu F, Zhou X, Kamil A, Pan D, Liu H, Yang X, Yang C, Zhu B, Lv N, Xiong Q, Wang X, Sun J, Sun G, Yang Y. The Prebiotic Effects of Oats on Blood Lipids, Gut Microbiota, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Subjects Compared With Rice: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Front Immunol 2021; 12:787797. [PMID: 34956218 PMCID: PMC8697019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.787797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals derived from oats are reported to possess a beneficial effect on modulating dyslipidemia, specifically on lowering total and LDL cholesterol. However, deeper insights into its mechanism remain unclear. In this randomized controlled study, we assigned 210 mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects from three study centers across China (Beijing, Nanjing, and Shanghai) to consume 80 g of oats or rice daily for 45 days. Plasma lipid profiles, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and fecal microbiota were measured. The results showed that total cholesterol (TC) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) decreased significantly with both oats and rice intake after 30 and 45 days. The reduction in TC and non-HDL-C was greater in the participants consuming oats compared with rice at day 45 (p = 0.011 and 0.049, respectively). Oat consumption significantly increased the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Roseburia, and the relative abundance of Dialister, Butyrivibrio, and Paraprevotella, and decreased unclassified f-Sutterellaceae. In the oat group, Bifidobacterium abundance was negatively correlated with LDL-C (p = 0.01, r = −0.31) and, TC and LDL-C were negatively correlated to Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (p = 0.02, r = −0.29; p = 0.03, r = −0.27, respectively). Enterobacteriaceae, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were positively correlated with plasma butyric acid and valeric acid concentrations and negatively correlated to isobutyric acid. HDL-C was negatively correlated with valeric acid (p = 0.02, r = −0.25) and total triglyceride (TG) was positively correlated to isovaleric acid (p = 0.03, r = 0.23). Taken together, oats consumption significantly reduced TC and LDL-C, and also mediated a prebiotic effect on gut microbiome. Akkermansia muciniphila, Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and plasma SCFA correlated with oat-induced changes in plasma lipids, suggesting prebiotic activity of oats to modulate gut microbiome could contribute towards its cholesterol-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiyuan Feng
- Department of R&D Life Science, PepsiCo, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - YiFang Chu
- Department of R&D Life Science, PepsiCo, Inc., Barrington, IL, United States
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Varsha Shete
- Department of R&D Life Science, PepsiCo, Inc., Barrington, IL, United States
| | - Kieran M Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of R&D Life Science, PepsiCo, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Xirui Zhou
- Department of R&D Life Science, PepsiCo, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Alison Kamil
- Department of R&D Life Science, PepsiCo, Inc., Barrington, IL, United States
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hechun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Functional Food Research, Beijing Research Institute for Nutritional Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqin Sun
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuexin Yang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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10
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Li X, Xie Q, Huang S, Shao P, You L, Pedisić S. Digestion & fermentation characteristics of sulfated polysaccharides from Gracilaria chouae using two extraction methods in vitro and in vivo. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110406. [PMID: 34112409 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The sulfated polysaccharides extracted from Gracilaria chouae using critic acid extraction and water extraction, respectively, and their digestion and fermentation characteristics were compared in vitro and in vivo. The molecular weight of water extracted polysaccharide of G. chouae (WGCP) was 1.73 × 103 kDa while critic acid extracted polysaccharide (CGCP) was 31.5 kDa. During stimulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro, WGCP and CGCP were lightly degraded. However, the glycemic index (GI) of WGCP and CGCP were 17.7 and 36.12, respectively. After 24 h of fermentation in vitro, the pH values of CGLP in the fecal culture decreased from 6.89 to 4.82, similar to the inulin but significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of the WGCP and normal control. In addition, CGCP and inulin showed similar microbial fermentation characteristics according to the microbiome compositions and contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Nevertheless, CGCP gavage for four weeks could also promote the growth of microbes producing the SCFAs such as Peptococcus, Roseburia and Butyricicoccus in the cecum of KM mice. The present study suggests that polysaccharides prepared by acid-extraction method could potentially be used as a good source of prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingtong Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiming Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou Chaowang Road 18, 310014, China
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China.
| | - Sandra Pedisić
- Faculty of Food Technology & Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Prolaz Kasandrića 6, 23000 Zadar, Croatia
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11
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Juul F, Vaidean G, Parekh N. Ultra-processed Foods and Cardiovascular Diseases: Potential Mechanisms of Action. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1673-1680. [PMID: 33942057 PMCID: PMC8483964 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-processed foods are industrially manufactured ready-to-eat or ready-to-heat formulations containing food additives and little or no whole foods, in contrast to processed foods, which are whole foods preserved by traditional techniques such as canning or pickling. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that higher consumption of ultra-processed food is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, epidemiological evidence needs to be corroborated with criteria of biological plausibility. This review summarizes the current evidence on the putative biological mechanisms underlying the associations between ultra-processed foods and CVD. Research ranging from laboratory-based to prospective epidemiological studies and experimental evidence suggest that ultra-processed foods may affect cardiometabolic health through a myriad of mechanisms, beyond the traditionally recognized individual nutrients. Processing induces significant changes to the food matrix, for which ultra-processed foods may affect health outcomes differently than unrefined whole foods with similar nutritional composition. Notably, the highly degraded physical structure of ultra-processed foods may affect cardiometabolic health by influencing absorption kinetics, satiety, glycemic response, and the gut microbiota composition and function. Food additives and neo-formed contaminants produced during processing may also play a role in CVD risk. Key biological pathways include altered serum lipid concentrations, modified gut microbiota and host-microbiota interactions, obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, dysglycemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension. Further research is warranted to clarify the proportional harm associated with the nutritional composition, food additives, physical structure, and other attributes of ultra-processed foods. Understanding how ultra-processing changes whole foods and through which pathways these foods affect health is a prerequisite for eliminating harmful processing techniques and ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippa Juul
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Georgeta Vaidean
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Florham Park, NJ, USA,Division of Cardiology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Loader TB, Zahradka P, Ahmadi S, Taylor CG. Processing method modulates the effectiveness of black beans for lowering blood cholesterol in spontaneously hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:449-458. [PMID: 32648589 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various foods are known to have beneficial effects on health when consumed whole; however, there is a trend towards preparing foods from processed ingredients, and it remains unclear whether the benefits of the whole food are retained. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine whether different processing techniques affect the lowering of cholesterol and the vascular effects of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). RESULTS Beans were prepared by overnight soaking and boiling - the standard method - and by micronization, extrusion, or dehulling and boiling, and they were then fine milled. Beans prepared by the standard method were also coarse milled. These five materials were incorporated into semi-purified diets (30% wt/wt) and fed to spontaneously hypertensive rats for 4 weeks. Body weight, blood pressure, and aorta morphology were unaltered by the diets. Fasting total cholesterol was significantly reduced in rats fed micronized beans compared with extruded beans (both fine-milled) or the bean-free diet, while boiling combined with coarse milling lowered low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The lack of cholesterol lowering in rats fed extruded bean compared to micronized was not explained by the amount or composition of dietary fiber or resistant starch. Differences in the polyphenolic profile as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were also unable to explain the variations in cholesterol-lowering capacity. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that processing of black beans alters the health effects observed with the whole pulse, and suggests that products prepared with processed ingredients will need to be tested empirically to establish whether the biological effects are maintained in vivo. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara B Loader
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Shokoufeh Ahmadi
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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13
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Acupoint Massage Therapy Alters the Composition of Gut Microbiome in Functional Constipation Patients. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1416236. [PMID: 33505487 PMCID: PMC7815419 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1416236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Results Results showed the overall structure of gut microbiome has no significant difference between experimental and control groups. In the genus level, the abundance of Pseudobutyrivibrio and Ruminiclostridium is higher in the experiment group than in the control, whereas that of Fusicatenibacter is less. The 16S KEGG function prediction suggested that Parkinson disease, retinol metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism could explain the biological function of different gut microbiome. Furthermore, cytokines in the serum showed a correlation with the abundance of Pseudobutyrivibrio in CFC. Conclusion AMT could change the composition of gut microbiome which is associated with cytokines in CFC patients.
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Phosphoesterase complex modulates microflora and chronic inflammation in rats with alcoholic fatty liver disease. Life Sci 2020; 262:118509. [PMID: 33010280 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoesterase complex (Pho), a major active component of barley malt, has been demonstrated to be clinically effective in relieving alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), and several lines of evidence have suggested that microbial dysbiosis, caused by chronic alcohol overconsumption, plays a key role in the progression of AFLD. The current study aimed to investigate the modulatory effect of Pho on gut microflora. The microbiota diversity, determined via detection of the V4 region of 16S rDNA genes, was analyzed in rats fed the Lieber-Decarli diet. Gut permeability was evaluated via mucus layer staining. Dysbiosis-associated chronic inflammation was investigated by observing the expression of the following inflammatory molecules in the liver: tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL-1) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). Pyrosequencing revealed that the gut microbiota in Pho-treated rats was different from that of AFLD rats at both the phylum and genus levels. In addition, Pho significantly alleviated dysbiosis-associated disruption of gut permeability and inflammation, increased mucus layer thickness and downregulated TNF-α, MCP-1, CXCL-1 and IL-1β expression. In summary, the current results revealed that the microflora, gut barrier and chronic inflammation in AFLD may be modulated by Pho.
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16
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Korczak R, Kocher M, Swanson KS. Effects of oats on gastrointestinal health as assessed by in vitro, animal, and human studies. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:343-363. [PMID: 31638148 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oats are uniquely nutritious, owing to their composition of bioactive compounds, lipids, and β-glucan. Scientific research has established that oats can improve diet quality, reduce cholesterol, regulate satiety, and protect against carcinogenesis in the colon; however, determining the effects of oats on gastrointestinal health and the gut microbiome is a newer, evolving area of research. To better understand the effects of oats on gastrointestinal health in humans, a literature review with predefined search criteria was conducted using the PubMed database and keywords for common gastrointestinal health outcomes. Moreover, to examine the gastrointestinal effects of oats across the scientific spectrum, a similar search strategy was executed to identify animal studies. In vitro studies were identified from the reference lists of human and animal studies. A total of 8 human studies, 19 animal studies, and 5 in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The evidence in humans shows beneficial effects of oats on gastrointestinal health, with supportive evidence provided by in vitro and animal studies. The effective dose of oats varies by type, although an amount providing 2.5 to 2.9 g of β-glucan per day was shown to decrease fecal pH and alter fecal bacteria. For oat bran, 40 to 100 g/d was shown to increase fecal bacterial mass and short-chain fatty acids in humans. Differences in study design, methodology, and type of oats tested make valid comparisons difficult. The identification of best practices for the design of oat studies should be a priority in future research, as the findings will be useful for determining how oats influence specific indices of gastrointestinal health, including the composition of the human gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Korczak
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Megan Kocher
- University of Minnesota Libraries, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Elolimy A, Alharthi A, Zeineldin M, Parys C, Helmbrecht A, Loor JJ. Supply of Methionine During Late-Pregnancy Alters Fecal Microbiota and Metabolome in Neonatal Dairy Calves Without Changes in Daily Feed Intake. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2159. [PMID: 31608024 PMCID: PMC6761860 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To our knowledge, most studies demonstrating the role of manipulating maternal nutrition on hindgut (i.e., large intestine) microbiota in the offspring have been performed in non-ruminants. Whether this phenomenon exists in cattle is largely unknown. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to evaluate the impact of maternal post-ruminal supply of methionine during late-pregnancy in dairy cows on fecal microbiota and metabolome in neonatal calves, and their association with body development and growth performance during the preweaning period. To achieve this, heifer calves, i.e., neonatal female offspring, born to Holstein cows receiving either a control (CON) diet (n = 13) or CON plus rumen-protected methionine (MET; Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH) during the last 28 days of pregnancy were used. Fecal samples from heifers were collected from birth until 6 weeks of age, i.e., the preweaning period. Fecal microbiota was analyzed with QIIME 2 whereas fecal metabolites were measured using an untargeted LC-MS approach. At birth, MET heifers had greater (P ≤ 0.05) BW, HH, and WH. During the preweaning period, no differences between groups were detected for starter intake (P = 0.77). However, MET heifers maintained greater (P ≤ 0.05) BW, HH and tended (P = 0.06) to have greater WH and average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.10). Fecal microbiota and metabolome profiles through 42 days of age in MET heifers indicated greater capacity for hindgut production of endogenous antibiotics and enhanced hindgut functionality and health. Enhancing maternal post-ruminal supply of methionine during late-gestation in dairy cows has a positive effect on hindgut functionality and health in their offspring through alterations in the fecal microbiota and metabolome without affecting feed intake. Those alterations could limit pathogen colonization of the hindgut while providing essential nutrients to the neonate. Together, such responses contribute to the ability of young calves to achieve better rates of nutrient utilization for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elolimy
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman Alharthi
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Mohamed Zeineldin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Claudia Parys
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | | | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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18
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Verhoog S, Taneri PE, Roa Díaz ZM, Marques-Vidal P, Troup JP, Bally L, Franco OH, Glisic M, Muka T. Dietary Factors and Modulation of Bacteria Strains of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071565. [PMID: 31336737 PMCID: PMC6683038 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii are highly abundant human gut microbes in healthy individuals, and reduced levels are associated with inflammation and alterations of metabolic processes involved in the development of type 2 diabetes. Dietary factors can influence the abundance of A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii, but the evidence is not clear. We systematically searched PubMed and Embase to identify clinical trials investigating any dietary intervention in relation to A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii. Overall, 29 unique trials were included, of which five examined A. muciniphila, 19 examined F. prausnitzii, and six examined both, in a total of 1444 participants. A caloric restriction diet and supplementation with pomegranate extract, resveratrol, polydextrose, yeast fermentate, sodium butyrate, and inulin increased the abundance of A. muciniphila, while a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols decreased the abundance of A. muciniphila. For F. prausnitzii, the main studied intervention was prebiotics (e.g. fructo-oligosaccharides, inulin type fructans, raffinose); seven studies reported an increase after prebiotic intervention, while two studies reported a decrease, and four studies reported no difference. Current evidence suggests that some dietary factors may influence the abundance of A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii. However, more research is needed to support these microflora strains as targets of microbiome shifts with dietary intervention and their use as medical nutrition therapy in prevention and management of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Verhoog
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Petek Eylul Taneri
- Corlu Cancer Early Diognosis and Training Center, 59100 Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Zayne M Roa Díaz
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John P Troup
- Standard Process Inc Nutrition Innovation Center, Kannapolis, NC 28018, USA
| | - Lia Bally
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marija Glisic
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Taulant Muka
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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19
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Chen HM, Chen CC, Chen CC, Wang SC, Wang CL, Huang CH, Liou JS, Liu TW, Peng HL, Lin FM, Liu CY, Weng SL, Cheng CJ, Hung YF, Liao CC, Huang HD. Gut microbiome changes in overweight male adults following bowel preparation. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:904. [PMID: 30598081 PMCID: PMC6311932 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human gut microbiome has an essential role in human health and disease. Although the major dominant microbiota within individuals have been reported, the change of gut microbiome caused by external factors, such as antibiotic use and bowel cleansing, remains unclear. We conducted this study to investigate the change of gut microbiome in overweight male adults after bowel preparation, where none of the participants had been diagnosed with any systemic diseases. Methods A total of 20 overweight, male Taiwanese adults were recruited, and all participants were omnivorous. The participants provided fecal samples and blood samples at three time points: prior to bowel preparation, 7 days after colonoscopy, and 28 days after colonoscopy. The microbiota composition in fecal samples was analyzed using 16S ribosome RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results Our results demonstrated that the relative abundance of the most dominant bacteria hardly changed from prior to bowel preparation to 28 days after colonoscopy. Using the ratio of Prevotella to the sum of Prevotella and Bacteroides in the fecal samples at baseline, the participants were separated into two groups. The fecal samples of the Type 1 group was Bacteroides-dominant, and that of the Type 2 group was Prevotella-dominant with a noticeable presence Bacteroides. Bulleidia appears more in the Type 1 fecal samples, while Akkermensia appears more in the Type 2 fecal samples. Of each type, the gut microbial diversity differed slightly among the three collection times. Additionally, the Type 2 fecal microbiota was temporarily susceptible to bowel cleansing. Predictive functional analysis of microbial community reveals that their activities for the mineral absorption metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism differed significantly between the two types. Depending on their fecal type, the variance of triglycerides and C-reactive protein also differed between the two types of participants. Conclusions Depending upon the fecal type, the microbial diversity and the predictive functional modules of microbial community differed significantly after bowel preparation. In addition, blood biochemical markers presented somewhat associated with fecal type. Therefore, our results might provide some insights as to how knowledge of the microbial community could be used to promote health through personalized clinical treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5285-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Mei Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chu Chen
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Teaching Center of Natural Science, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chi Chen
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Chih Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Departmnet of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsun Huang
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Shian Liou
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Wei Liu
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Ling Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Mao Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine & Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Long Weng
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,MacKay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Jen Cheng
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Hung
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Cherng Liao
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. .,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. .,School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, 518172, China. .,Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
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20
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Moens F, Van den Abbeele P, Basit AW, Dodoo C, Chatterjee R, Smith B, Gaisford S. A four-strain probiotic exerts positive immunomodulatory effects by enhancing colonic butyrate production in vitro. Int J Pharm 2018; 555:1-10. [PMID: 30445175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Poorly formulated probiotic supplements intended for oral administration often fail to protect bacteria from the challenges of human digestion, meaning bacteria do not reach the small intestine in a viable state. As a result, the ability of probiotics to influence the human gut microbiota has not been proven. Here we show how (i) considered formulation of an aqueous probiotic suspension can facilitate delivery of viable probiotic bacteria to the gut and (ii) quantitate the effect of colonisation and proliferation of specific probiotic species on the human gut microbiota, using an in-vitro gut model. Our data revealed immediate colonisation and growth of three probiotic species in the luminal and mucosal compartments of the proximal and distal colon, and growth of a fourth species in the luminal proximal colon, leading to higher proximal and distal colonic lactate concentrations. The lactate stimulated growth of lactate-consuming bacteria, altering the bacterial diversity of the microbiota and resulting in increased short-chain fatty acid production, especially butyrate. Additionally, an immunomodulatory effect of the probiotics was seen; production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) was increased and production of inflammatory chemokines (MCP-1, CXCL 10 and IL-8.) was reduced. The results indicate that the probiotic species alone do not result in a clinical effect; rather, they facilitate modulation of the gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity thereby influencing the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Cornelius Dodoo
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | | | - Barry Smith
- Symprove Ltd, Sandy Farm, The Sands, Farnham, Surrey GU10 1PX, UK
| | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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21
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He B, Bai Y, Jiang L, Wang W, Li T, Liu P, Tao S, Zhao J, Han D, Wang J. Effects of Oat Bran on Nutrient Digestibility, Intestinal Microbiota, and Inflammatory Responses in the Hindgut of Growing Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082407. [PMID: 30111703 PMCID: PMC6121460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oat bran has drawn great attention within human research for its potential role in improving gut health. However, research regarding the impact of oat bran on nutrient utilization and intestinal functions in pigs is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oat bran on nutrient digestibility, intestinal microbiota, and inflammatory responses in the hindgut of growing pigs. Twenty-six growing pigs were fed either a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 10% oat bran (OB) within a 28 day feeding trial. Results showed that digestibility of dietary gross energy, dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein were lower in the OB group compared to the CON group on day 14, but no differences were observed between the two groups on day 28. In the colon, the relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with Prevotella, Butyricicoccus, and Catenibacterium were higher, while those associated with Coprococcus and Desulfovibrio were lower in the OB group compared to the CON group. Oat bran decreased mRNA expression of caecal interleukin-8 (IL-8), as well as colonic IL-8, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of the pigs. In summary, oat bran treatment for 28 day did not affect dietary nutrient digestibility, but promoted the growth of cellulolytic bacteria and ameliorated inflammatory reactions in the hindgut of growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Tiantian Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shiyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Junjun Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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22
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Zinöcker MK, Lindseth IA. The Western Diet-Microbiome-Host Interaction and Its Role in Metabolic Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:E365. [PMID: 29562591 PMCID: PMC5872783 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary pattern that characterizes the Western diet is strongly associated with obesity and related metabolic diseases, but biological mechanisms supporting these associations remain largely unknown. We argue that the Western diet promotes inflammation that arises from both structural and behavioral changes in the resident microbiome. The environment created in the gut by ultra-processed foods, a hallmark of the Western diet, is an evolutionarily unique selection ground for microbes that can promote diverse forms of inflammatory disease. Recognizing the importance of the microbiome in the development of diet-related disease has implications for future research, public dietary advice as well as food production practices. Research into food patterns suggests that whole foods are a common denominator of diets associated with a low level of diet-related disease. Hence, by studying how ultra-processing changes the properties of whole foods and how these foods affect the gut microbiome, more useful dietary guidelines can be made. Innovations in food production should be focusing on enabling health in the super-organism of man and microbe, and stronger regulation of potentially hazardous components of food products is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit K Zinöcker
- Department of Nutrition, Bjørknes University College, Lovisenberggata 13, 0456 Oslo, Norway.
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23
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Wan J, Hu S, Jacoby JJ, Liu J, Zhang Y, Yu LL. The impact of dietary sn-2 palmitic triacylglycerols in combination with docosahexaenoic acid or arachidonic acid on lipid metabolism and host faecal microbiota composition in Sprague Dawley rats. Food Funct 2017; 8:1793-1802. [PMID: 28443847 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00094d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sn-2 palmitic acid triacylglycerols (sn2PA fat) and polyunsaturated fatty acids are thought to influence the metabolic status and intestinal bacterial population of the host. In this study, the impact of sn2PA fat in combination with DHA or ARA in the diet on lipid metabolism in the liver and faecal microbiota composition were investigated in rats fed diets containing sn2PA fat, 90% sn2PA fat + 10% DHA oil (wt%), or 90% sn2PA fat + 10% ARA oil (wt%). Tissue fatty acid composition was measured using gas chromatography (GC), whereas the faecal microbial composition was assessed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. In addition, faecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were analyzed using ion chromatography. The results showed that sn2PA fat in combination with DHA or ARA significantly reduced liver triacylglyceride (TG) content compared with the sn2PA fat only group. Moreover, the supplementation with sn2PA fat in combination with DHA or ARA significantly promoted the growth of Lactobacillus in the feces at the genus level. On the other hand, the growth of the opportunistic pathogen Desulfovibrio was significantly inhibited by sn2PA fat in combination with ARA compared with the sn2PA fat group. In addition, sn2PA fat in combination with DHA or ARA significantly increased total SCFA concentration in the faeces, suggesting a beneficial effect on host intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Wan
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
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24
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Effect of barley supplementation on the fecal microbiota, caecal biochemistry, and key biomarkers of obesity and inflammation in obese db/db mice. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2513-2528. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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25
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Brahma S, Weier SA, Rose DJ. Moisture content during extrusion of oats impacts the initial fermentation metabolites and probiotic bacteria during extended fermentation by human fecal microbiota. Food Res Int 2017; 97:209-214. [PMID: 28578043 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Extrusion exposes flour components to high pressure and shear during processing, which may affect the dietary fiber fermentability by human fecal microbiota. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of flour moisture content during extrusion on in vitro fermentation properties of whole grain oats. Extrudates were processed at three moisture levels (15%, 18%, and 21%) at fixed screw speed (300rpm) and temperature (130°C). The extrudates were then subjected to in vitro digestion and fermentation. Extrusion moisture significantly affected water-extractable β-glucan (WE-BG) in the extrudates, with samples processed at 15% moisture (lowest) and 21% moisture (highest) having the highest concentration of WE-BG. After the first 8h of fermentation, more WE-BG remained in fermentation media in samples processed at 15% moisture compared with the other conditions. Also, extrusion moisture significantly affected the production of acetate, butyrate, and total SCFA by the microbiota during the first 8h of fermentation. Microbiota grown on extrudates processed at 18% moisture had the highest production of acetate and total SCFA, whereas bacteria grown on extrudates processed at 15% and 18% moisture had the highest butyrate production. After 24h of fermentation, samples processed at 15% moisture supported lower Bifidobacterium counts than those produced at other conditions, but had among the highest Lactobacillus counts. Thus, moisture content during extrusion significantly affects production of fermentation metabolites by the gut microbiota during the initial stages of fermentation, while also affecting probiotic bacteria counts during extended fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrayee Brahma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Steven A Weier
- The Food Processing Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Devin J Rose
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA; Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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