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Jadhav RR, Chaudhari AU, Patil DN, Kodam KM, Jadhav JP. In situ treatment of real textile effluent in constructed furrows using consortium of Canna indica and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and subsequent biochemical and toxicity evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121583. [PMID: 37028784 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants removals like dyes and heavy metals from the textile effluent have an immense challenge. The present study focuses on the biotransformation and detoxification of dyes and in situ textile effluent treatment by plants and microbes efficiently. A mixed consortium of perennial herbaceous plant Canna indica and fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed decolorization of di-azo dye Congo red (CR, 100 mg/L) up to 97% within 72 h. Root tissues and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells revealed induction of various dye-degrading oxidoreductase enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, laccase, veratryl alcohol oxidase and azo reductase during CR decolorization. Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b and carotenoid pigments were notably elevated in the leaves of a plant during the treatment. Phytotransformation of CR into its metabolic constituents was detected by using several analytical techniques, including FTIR, HPLC, and GC-MS and its non-toxic nature was confirmed by cyto-toxicological evaluation on Allium cepa and on freshwater bivalves. Mix consortium of plant Canna indica and fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae efficiently treated textile wastewater (500 L) and reduced ADMI, COD, BOD, TSS and TDS (74, 68, 68, 78, and 66%) within 96 h. In situ textile wastewater treatment for in furrows constructed and planted with Canna indica, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and consortium-CS within 4 days reveals reduced ADMI, COD, BOD, TDS and TSS (74, 73, 75, 78, and 77%). Comprehensive observations recommend this is an intelligent tactic to exploit this consortium in the furrows for textile wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul R Jadhav
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashvini U Chaudhari
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra, India; Department of Biochemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Devashree N Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kisan M Kodam
- Department of Biochemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyoti P Jadhav
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra, India; Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Maharashtra, India.
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2
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Edoamodu CE, Nwodo UU. Decolourization of synthetic dyes by laccase produced from Bacillus sp. NU2. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2053341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiedu Epiphany Edoamodu
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Uchechukwu Uchechukwu Nwodo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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3
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Sutaoney P, Pandya S, Gajarlwar D, Joshi V, Ghosh P. Feasibility and potential of laccase-based enzyme in wastewater treatment through sustainable approach: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:86499-86527. [PMID: 35771325 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide increase in metropolitan cities and rise in industrialization have resulted in the assimilation of hazardous pollutants into the ecosystems. Different physical, chemical and biological techniques have been employed to remove these toxins from water bodies. Several bioprocess applications using microbes and their enzymes are utilized to achieve the goal. Biocatalysts, such as laccases, are employed explicitly to deplete a variety of organic pollutants. However, the degradation of contaminants using biocatalysts has many disadvantages concerning the stability and activity of the enzyme. Hence, they are immobilized on different supports to improve the enzyme kinetics and recyclability. Furthermore, standard wastewater treatment methods are not effective in eliminating all the contaminants. As a result, membrane separation technologies have emerged to overcome the limitations of traditional wastewater treatment methods. Moreover, enzymes immobilized onto these membranes have generated new avenues in wastewater purification technology. This review provides the latest information on laccases from diverse sources, their molecular framework and their mode of action. This report also gives information about various immobilization techniques and the application of membrane bioreactors to eliminate and biotransform hazardous contaminants. In a nutshell, laccases appear to be the most promising biocatalysts for green and cost-efficient wastewater treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sutaoney
- Center for Basic Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Srishti Pandya
- Center for Basic Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Devashri Gajarlwar
- Center for Basic Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Veenu Joshi
- Center for Basic Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Prabir Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
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4
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Raghav D, Jyoti A, Siddiqui AJ, Saxena J. Plant associated endophytic fungi as potential bio-factories for extracellular enzymes: Progress, Challenges and Strain improvement with precision approaches. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:287-310. [PMID: 35396804 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is an intricate network of relations between endophytic fungi and their hosts that affects the production of various bioactive compounds. Plant-associated endophytic contain industrially important enzymes and have the potential to fulfill their rapid demand in the international market to boost business in technology. Being safe and metabolically active, they have replaced the usage of toxic and harmful chemicals and hold a credible application in biotransformation, bioremediation, and industrial processes. Despite these, there are limited reports on fungal endophytes that can directly cater to the demand and supply of industrially stable enzymes. The underlying reasons include low endogenous production and secretion of enzymes from fungal endophytes which have raised concern for widely accepted applications. Hence it is imperative to augment the biosynthetic and secretory potential of fungal endophytes. Modern state-of-the-art biotechnological technologies aiming at strain improvement using cell factory engineering as well as precise gene editing like Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and its Associated proteins (Cas) systems which can provide a boost in fungal endophyte enzyme production. Additionally, it is vital to characterize optimum conditions to grow one strain with multiple enzymes (OSME). The present review encompasses various plants-derived endophytic fungal enzymes and their applications in various sectors. Further, we postulate the feasibility of new precision approaches with an aim for strain improvement and enhanced enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyangi Raghav
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, SAS, Nagar, Punjab
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, P O Box, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juhi Saxena
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, SAS, Nagar, Punjab
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5
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Gayathiri E, Prakash P, Selvam K, Awasthi MK, Gobinath R, Karri RR, Ragunathan MG, Jayanthi J, Mani V, Poudineh MA, Chang SW, Ravindran B. Plant microbe based remediation approaches in dye removal: A review. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7798-7828. [PMID: 35294324 PMCID: PMC9208495 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2049100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased industrialization demand using synthetic dyes in the newspaper, cosmetics, textiles, food, and leather industries. As a consequence, harmful chemicals from dye industries are released into water reservoirs with numerous structural components of synthetic dyes, which are hazardous to the ecosystem, plants and humans. The discharge of synthetic dye into various aquatic environments has a detrimental effect on the balance and integrity of ecological systems. Moreover, numerous inorganic dyes exhibit tolerance to degradation and repair by natural and conventional processes. So, the present condition requires the development of efficient and effective waste management systems that do not exacerbate environmental stress or endanger other living forms. Numerous biological systems, including microbes and plants, have been studied for their ability to metabolize dyestuffs. To minimize environmental impact, bioremediation uses endophytic bacteria, which are plant beneficial bacteria that dwell within plants and may improve plant development in both normal and stressful environments. Moreover, Phytoremediation is suitable for treating dye contaminants produced from a wide range of sources. This review article proves a comprehensive evaluation of the most frequently utilized plant and microbes as dye removal technologies from dye-containing industrial effluents. Furthermore, this study examines current existing technologies and proposes a more efficient, cost-effective method for dye removal and decolorization on a big scale. This study also aims to focus on advanced degradation techniques combined with biological approaches, well regarded as extremely effective treatments for recalcitrant wastewater, with the greatest industrial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekambaram Gayathiri
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Guru Nanak College (Autonomous), Chennai - 600 042, India
| | - Palanisamy Prakash
- Department of Botany, Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem636011, India
| | - Kuppusamy Selvam
- Department of Botany, Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem636011, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, PRChina
| | | | - Rama Rao Karri
- Faculty of Engineering, University Teknologi, Brunei, Asia
| | | | - Jayaprakash Jayanthi
- Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Guru Nanak College, Chennai, India
| | - Vimalraj Mani
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju54874, Korea
| | | | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon16227, Republic of Korea
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6
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Zhou Q, Wu W, Xing T. Study on the mechanism of laccase-catalyzed polydopamine rapid dyeing and modification of silk. RSC Adv 2022; 12:3763-3773. [PMID: 35425371 PMCID: PMC8979264 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08807f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the polymerization of dopamine and its modification on the surface of materials has received extensive attention. In this work, the process of laccase catalyzing the rapid polymerization of dopamine and in situ dyeing of silk fabric were studied. The results showed that laccase catalyzed dyeing for 3 h under acidic conditions could achieve the dyeing effect of 24 h under an alkaline environment, and the enzyme catalyzed polydopamine showed better deposition uniformity on the substrate surface. According to molecular simulation analysis, dopamine oligomers were easily combined with the amorphous regions of silk fibroin, and dopamine oligomers and amino acids of silk fibroin could form hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions. Dopamine oligomers could form intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds through amino groups and hydroxyl groups. In addition, dopamine oligomers would aggregate in the process of binding to silk fibroin and adsorbed to the surface of silk fibroin in the form of aggregates, and Michael addition reaction would also occur between dopamine oligomers and silk fibroin. Finally, the silk fabrics loaded with polydopamine were reacted with different kinds of metal salt solutions to form particles with different morphologies and crystal structures on the surface of the silk fibers, and the modified silk fabrics showed good hydrophobicity. Dopamine oligomers are easily combined with amorphous regions of silk fibroin, they can form hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions, and undergo Michael addition reactions. The oligomers will aggregate in the process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Tieling Xing
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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7
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Kaushal J, Mahajan P, Kaur N. A review on application of phytoremediation technique for eradication of synthetic dyes by using ornamental plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67970-67989. [PMID: 34636019 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation emerges as an innovative and eco-friendly technique to remediate textile dyes with the use of various categories of plants. In recent years, ornamental plants emerge as more attractive and effective substitute in comparison to edible plants for phytoremediation. Regardless of aesthetic value, some ornamental plants can be grown to remediate the sites contaminated with dyes, heavy metals, pesticides, or other organic compounds. In this review, we focus on pioneer research on synthetic dye removal using ornamental plants and evaluate the phytoremediation capability of ornamental plants for treatment of textile effluent. This paper also emphasized specific ornamental plants having high accumulation and tolerance ability for removal of dyes. The mechanisms explored for the phytoremediation of dyes by ornamental plants have also been explained. This review will also be helpful for researchers for exploring more new ornamental plants in phytoremediation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Kaushal
- Centre for Water Sciences, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Pooja Mahajan
- Centre for Water Sciences, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
| | - Navjeet Kaur
- Centre for Water Sciences, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
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8
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Chauhan AK, Choudhury B. Synthetic dyes degradation using lignolytic enzymes produced from Halopiger aswanensis strain ABC_IITR by Solid State Fermentation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129671. [PMID: 33517115 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present work focuses on studying the degradation of industrial synthetic dyes, which poses serious health hazards and a drastic impact on the environment. Currently available enzymatic processes have higher production and operational costs. However, most enzymes are active at acidic pH, which limits its application in textile dye degradation. This problem can be overcome by lignolytic enzymes obtained from halo-alkaliphile through Solid State Fermentation (SSF) using wheat bran (agro-byproduct) as a substrate. The major lignolytic enzymes studied were Lignin Peroxidase (LiP), Manganese Peroxidase (MnP), and laccase. The results demonstrated the highest activity of 215.4 ± 1.57 of LiP, 36.8 ± 2.38 of MnP, and 8.34 ± 0.21 IU/gds of laccase. Crude enzymes were used to treat synthetic dyes (mainly azo dyes), and their potential for its degradation was confirmed by spectrophotometric, GC-MS, and HPLC analysis. The highest decolorization of 82-93% of Malachite Green (MG) was achieved in LiP and MnP mediated reaction system within 2 hours. The laccase reaction system showed degradation of 53.87% of methyl orange without adding any redox mediator. After obtaining these results, the crude LiP and MnP in the reaction system were further subjected to decolorization at a higher MG concentration of 100-600 mg/L without a redox mediator. As a result, both LiP and MnP decolorized MG by 72-89%. Further, GC-MS analysis of MG biodegradation products confirmed the formation of less toxic low molecular weight products such as benzaldehyde and methanone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 24667, India
| | - Bijan Choudhury
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 24667, India.
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9
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Morsy SAGZ, Ahmad Tajudin A, Ali MSM, Shariff FM. Current Development in Decolorization of Synthetic Dyes by Immobilized Laccases. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:572309. [PMID: 33101245 PMCID: PMC7554347 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.572309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The world today is in a quest for new means of environmental remediation as the methods currently used are not sufficient to halt the damage. Mostly, a global direction is headed toward a shift from traditional chemical-based methods to a more ecofriendly alternative. In this context, biocatalysis is seen as a cost-effective, energy saving, and clean alternative. It is meant to catalyze degradation of recalcitrant chemicals in an easy, rapid, green, and sustainable manner. One already established application of biocatalysis is the removal of dyes from natural water bodies using enzymes, notably oxidoreductases like laccases, due to their wide range of substrate specificity. In order to boost their catalytic activity, various methods of enhancements have been pursued including immobilization of the enzyme on different support materials. Aside from increased catalysis, immobilized laccases have the advantages of higher stability, better durability against harsh environment conditions, longer half-lives, resistance against protease enzymes, and the ability to be recovered for reuse. This review briefly outlines the current methods used for detoxification and decolorization of dye effluents stressing on the importance of laccases as a revolutionary biocatalytic solution to this environmental problem. This work highlights the significance of laccase immobilization and also points out some of the challenges and opportunities of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherine Ahmed Gamal Zakaria Morsy
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asilah Ahmad Tajudin
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fairolniza Mohd Shariff
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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10
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Chandanshive V, Kadam S, Rane N, Jeon BH, Jadhav J, Govindwar S. In situ textile wastewater treatment in high rate transpiration system furrows planted with aquatic macrophytes and floating phytobeds. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126513. [PMID: 32203784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants are known to remediate dyes, metals and emerging contaminants from wastewaters. Vetiveria zizanioides, a perennial bunchgrass showed removal of Remazol Red (RR, 100 mg/L) up to 93% within 40 h. Root and shoot tissues of V. zizanioides revealed induction in dye degrading enzymes viz. lignin peroxidase by 2.28 and 1.43, veratryl alcohol oxidase 2.72 and 1.60, laccase 6.15 and 3.55, and azo reductase 2.17 and 2.65-fold, respectively, during RR decolorization. Substantial increase was observed in the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in the plant leaves during treatment. Anatomical studies of roots, HPLC and GC-MS analysis of metabolites, and phytotoxicity assessment confirmed phytotransformation of RR into nontoxic metabolites. Floating phytobed with V. zizanioides treated textile wastewater (400 L) effectively and reduced ADMI, COD, BOD, TDS, and TSS by 74, 74, 81, 66 and 47%, respectively within 72 h. In-situ treatment of textile wastewater for 5 days in constructed furrows planted with semiaquatic plants, V. zizanioides, Ipomoea aquatica and its consortium-VI decreased ADMI by 68, 61 and 76%, COD by 75, 74 and 79%, BOD by 73, 71 and 84%, TDS by 77, 75 and 83%, and TSS by 34, 31 and 51%, respectively. This treatment was also useful to remove arsenic, cadmium, chromium and lead from wastewater. Overall observation suggests wise strategy to use this plantation in the furrows of high rate transpiration system and phytobeds in deep water for textile wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suhas Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India
| | - Niraj Rane
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| | - Jyoti Jadhav
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India
| | - Sanjay Govindwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India; Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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11
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Biodegradation of Acid Yellow Using Laccase Produced by Bacillus sp. Strain TR and its In-Silico Modeling of the Dye Degradation System. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-10005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Arregui L, Ayala M, Gómez-Gil X, Gutiérrez-Soto G, Hernández-Luna CE, Herrera de los Santos M, Levin L, Rojo-Domínguez A, Romero-Martínez D, Saparrat MCN, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA. Laccases: structure, function, and potential application in water bioremediation. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:200. [PMID: 31727078 PMCID: PMC6854816 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The global rise in urbanization and industrial activity has led to the production and incorporation of foreign contaminant molecules into ecosystems, distorting them and impacting human and animal health. Physical, chemical, and biological strategies have been adopted to eliminate these contaminants from water bodies under anthropogenic stress. Biotechnological processes involving microorganisms and enzymes have been used for this purpose; specifically, laccases, which are broad spectrum biocatalysts, have been used to degrade several compounds, such as those that can be found in the effluents from industries and hospitals. Laccases have shown high potential in the biotransformation of diverse pollutants using crude enzyme extracts or free enzymes. However, their application in bioremediation and water treatment at a large scale is limited by the complex composition and high salt concentration and pH values of contaminated media that affect protein stability, recovery and recycling. These issues are also associated with operational problems and the necessity of large-scale production of laccase. Hence, more knowledge on the molecular characteristics of water bodies is required to identify and develop new laccases that can be used under complex conditions and to develop novel strategies and processes to achieve their efficient application in treating contaminated water. Recently, stability, efficiency, separation and reuse issues have been overcome by the immobilization of enzymes and development of novel biocatalytic materials. This review provides recent information on laccases from different sources, their structures and biochemical properties, mechanisms of action, and application in the bioremediation and biotransformation of contaminant molecules in water. Moreover, we discuss a series of improvements that have been attempted for better organic solvent tolerance, thermo-tolerance, and operational stability of laccases, as per process requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Arregui
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, C.P. 05348 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Ayala
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001 Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Ximena Gómez-Gil
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP. 70228, Mexico City, CP. 04510 Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Soto
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Francisco Villa, 66059 Colonia Ex hacienda El Canadá, General Escobedo, Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Carlos Eduardo Hernández-Luna
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba y Manuel L. Barragán, Cd. Universitaria, 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Mayra Herrera de los Santos
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP. 70228, Mexico City, CP. 04510 Mexico
| | - Laura Levin
- Laboratorio de Micología Experimental, DBBE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INMIBO-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, C1428BGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arturo Rojo-Domínguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, C.P. 05348 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Romero-Martínez
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP. 70228, Mexico City, CP. 04510 Mexico
| | - Mario C. N. Saparrat
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)-CCT-La Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y técnicas (CONICET), Diag. 113 y 61, 327CC, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Botánica Spegazzini, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 53 # 477, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mauricio A. Trujillo-Roldán
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP. 70228, Mexico City, CP. 04510 Mexico
| | - Norma A. Valdez-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP. 70228, Mexico City, CP. 04510 Mexico
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Kashefi S, Borghei SM, Mahmoodi NM. Superparamagnetic enzyme-graphene oxide magnetic nanocomposite as an environmentally friendly biocatalyst: Synthesis and biodegradation of dye using response surface methodology. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Prakash K, Kumar JV, Latha P, Kumar PS, Karuthapandian S. Fruitful fabrication of CDs on GO/g-C3N4 sheets layers: A carbon amalgamation for the remediation of carcinogenic pollutants. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chandanshive VV, Kadam SK, Khandare RV, Kurade MB, Jeon BH, Jadhav JP, Govindwar SP. In situ phytoremediation of dyes from textile wastewater using garden ornamental plants, effect on soil quality and plant growth. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:968-976. [PMID: 30208557 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In situ phytoremediation of dyes from textile wastewater was carried out in a high rate transpiration system ridges (91.4 m × 1.0 m) cultivated independently with Tagetes patula, Aster amellus, Portulaca grandiflora and Gaillardia grandiflora which reduced American Dye Manufacturers Institute color value by 59, 50, 46 and 73%, respectively within 30 d compared to dye accumulated in unplanted ridges. Significant increase in microbial count and electric conductivity of soil was observed during phytoremediation. Reduction in the contents of macro (N, P, K and C), micro (B, Cu, Fe and Mn) elements and heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb and Cr) was observed in the soil from planted ridges due to phyto-treatment. Root tissues of these plants showed significant increase in the specific activities of oxido-reductive enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, laccase, veratryl alcohol oxidase, tyrosinase and azo reductase during decolorization of textile dyes from soil. Anatomical studies of plants roots revealed the occurrence of textile dyes in tissues and subsequent degradation. A minor decrease in plant growth was also observed. Overall surveillance suggests that the use of garden ornamental plants on the ridges of constructed wetland for the treatment of dyes from wastewater along with the consortia of soil microbial flora is a wise and aesthetically pleasant strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suhas K Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India
| | - Rahul V Khandare
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai, 410206, India
| | - Mayur B Kurade
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| | - Jyoti P Jadhav
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India
| | - Sanjay P Govindwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India; Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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16
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Watharkar AD, Kadam SK, Khandare RV, Kolekar PD, Jeon BH, Jadhav JP, Govindwar SP. Asparagus densiflorus in a vertical subsurface flow phytoreactor for treatment of real textile effluent: A lab to land approach for in situ soil remediation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:70-77. [PMID: 29859410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the potential of Asparagus densiflorus to treat disperse Rubin GFL (RGFL) dye and a real textile effluent in constructed vertical subsurface flow (VSbF) phytoreactor; its field cultivation for soil remediation offers a real green and economic way of environmental management. A. densiflorus decolorized RGFL (40 gm L-1) up to 91% within 48 h. VSbF phytoreactor successfully reduced American dye manufacture institute (ADMI), BOD, COD, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) of real textile effluent by 65%, 61%, 66%, 48% and 66%, respectively within 6 d. Oxidoreductive enzymes such as laccase (138%), lignin peroxidase (129%), riboflavin reductase (111%) were significantly expressed during RGFL degradation in A. densiflorus roots, while effluent transformation caused noteworthy induction of enzymes like, tyrosinase (205%), laccase (178%), veratryl oxidase (52%). Based on enzyme activities, UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR and GC-MS results; RGFL was proposed to be transformed to 4-amino-3- methylphenyl (hydroxy) oxoammonium and N, N-diethyl aniline. Anatomical study of the advanced root tissue of A. densiflorus exhibited the progressive dye accumulation and removal during phytoremediation. HepG2 cell line and phytotoxicity study demonstrated reduced toxicity of biotransformed RGFL and treated effluent by A. densiflorus, respectively. On field remediation study revealed a noteworthy removal (67%) from polluted soil within 30 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuprita D Watharkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai, India
| | - Suhas K Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
| | - Rahul V Khandare
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai, India.
| | - Parag D Kolekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Jyoti P Jadhav
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India; Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
| | - Sanjay P Govindwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India; Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
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17
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Kadam SK, Chandanshive VV, Rane NR, Patil SM, Gholave AR, Khandare RV, Bhosale AR, Jeon BH, Govindwar SP. Phytobeds with Fimbristylis dichotoma and Ammannia baccifera for treatment of real textile effluent: An in situ treatment, anatomical studies and toxicity evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 160:1-11. [PMID: 28938190 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fimbristylis dichotoma, Ammannia baccifera and their co-plantation consortium FA independently degraded Methyl Orange, simulated dye mixture and real textile effluent. Wild plants of F. dichotoma and A. baccifera with equal biomass showed 91% and 89% decolorization of Methyl Orange within 60h at a concentration of 50ppm, while 95% dye removal was achieved by consortium FA within 48h. Floating phyto-beds with co-plantation (F. dichotoma and A. baccifera) for the treatment of real textile effluent in a constructed wetland was observed to be more efficient and achieved 79%, 72%, 77%, 66% and 56% reductions in ADMI color value, COD, BOD, TDS and TSS of textile effluent, respectively. HPTLC, GC-MS, FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy and activated oxido-reductive enzyme activities confirmed the phytotrasformation of parent dye in to new metabolites. T-RFLP analysis of rhizospheric bacteria of F. dichotoma, A. baccifera and consortium FA revealed the presence of 88, 98 and 223 genera which could have been involved in dye removal. Toxicity evaluation of products formed after phytotransformation of Methyl Orange by consortium FA on bivalves Lamellidens marginalis revealed less damage of the gills architecture when analyzed histologically. Toxicity measurement by Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique revealed bivalve DNA banding pattern in treated Methyl Orange sample suggesting less toxic nature of phytotransformed dye products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas K Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
| | | | - Niraj R Rane
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India; Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Swapnil M Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
| | | | - Rahul V Khandare
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
| | - Amrut R Bhosale
- Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Sanjay P Govindwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India; Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
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Tahir U, Sohail S, Khan UH. Concurrent uptake and metabolism of dyestuffs through bio-assisted phytoremediation: a symbiotic approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:22914-22931. [PMID: 28875431 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of bio-technological processes in treatment of dyestuffs has attracted considerable attention, because a large proportion of these synthetic dyes enter into natural environment during synthesis and dyeing operations that contaminates different ecosystems. Moreover, these dyestuffs are toxic and difficult to degrade because of their synthetic origin, durability, and complex aromatic molecular structures. Hence, bio-assisted phytoremediation has recently emerged as an innovative cleanup approach in which microorganisms and plants work together to transform xenobiotic dyestuffs into nontoxic or less harmful products. This manuscript will focus on competence and potential of plant-microbe synergistic systems for treatment of dyestuffs, their mixtures and real textile effluents, and effects of symbiotic relationship on plant performances during remediation process and will highlight their metabolic activities during bio-assisted phytodegradation and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uruj Tahir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Sohail
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Umair Hassan Khan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-Campus, Toba Tek Singh, Pakistan
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Chandanshive VV, Rane NR, Tamboli AS, Gholave AR, Khandare RV, Govindwar SP. Co-plantation of aquatic macrophytes Typha angustifolia and Paspalum scrobiculatum for effective treatment of textile industry effluent. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 338:47-56. [PMID: 28531658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Field treatment of textile industry effluent was carried out in constructed drenches (91.4m×1.2m×0.6m; 65.8m3) planted independently with Typha angustifolia, Paspalum scrobiculatum and their co-plantation (consortium-TP). The in situ treatment of effluent by T. angustifolia, P. scrobiculatum and consortium-TP was found to decrease ADMI color value by 62, 59 and 76%, COD by 65, 63 and 70%, BOD by 68, 63 and 75%, TDS by 45, 39 and 57%, and TSS by 35, 31 and 47%, respectively within 96h. Heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium and lead were also removed up to 28-77% after phytoremediation. T. angustifolia and P. scrobiculatum showed removal of Congo Red (100mg/L) up to 80 and 73%, respectively within 48h while consortium-TP achieved 94% decolorization. Root tissues of T. angustifolia and P. scrobiculatum revealed inductions in the activities of oxido-reductive enzymes such as lignin peroxidase (193 and 32%), veratryl alcohol oxidase (823 and 460%), laccase (492 and 182%) and azo reductase (248 and 83%), respectively during decolorization of Congo Red. Anatomical studies of roots, FTIR, HPLC, UV-vis Spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis verified the phytotransformation. Phytotoxicity studies confirmed reduced toxicity of the metabolites of Congo Red.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niraj R Rane
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India
| | - Asif S Tamboli
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India
| | | | - Rahul V Khandare
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India
| | - Sanjay P Govindwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India.
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20
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Rane NR, Patil SM, Chandanshive VV, Kadam SK, Khandare RV, Jadhav JP, Govindwar SP. Ipomoea hederifolia rooted soil bed and Ipomoea aquatica rhizofiltration coupled phytoreactors for efficient treatment of textile wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 96:1-11. [PMID: 27016633 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ipomoea aquatica, a macrophyte was found to degrade a highly sulfonated and diazo textile dye Brown 5R up to 94% within 72 h at a concentration of 200 mg L(-1). Induction in the activities of enzymes such as azoreductase, lignin peroxidase, laccase, DCIP reductase, tyrosinase, veratryl alcohol oxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase was observed in leaf and root tissue in response to Brown 5R exposure. There was significant reduction in contents of chlorophyll a (25%), chlorophyll b (17%) and carotenoids (30%) in the leaves of plants. HPLC, FTIR, UV-vis spectrophotometric and HPTLC analyses confirmed the biotransformation and removal of parent dye from solution. Enzymes activities and GC-MS analysis of degradation products lead to the proposal of a possible pathway of phytotransformation of dye. The proposed pathway of dye metabolism revealed the formation of Napthalene-1,2-diamine and methylbenzene. Toxicity study on HepG2 cell lines showed a 3 fold decrease in toxicity of Brown 5R after phytoremediation by I. aquatica. Hydrophytic nature of I. aquatica leads to its exploration in a combinatorial phytoreactor with Ipomoea hederifolia soil bed system. Rhizofiltration with I. aquatica and soil bed treatment by I. hederifolia treated 510 L of effluent effectively within 72 h. I. aquatica along with I. hederifolia could decolorize textile industry effluent within 72 h of treatment as evident from the significant reductions in the values of COD, BOD, solids and ADMI. Further on field trials of treatment of textile wastewater was successfully carried out in a constructed lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj R Rane
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
| | - Swapnil M Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
| | | | - Suhas K Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
| | - Rahul V Khandare
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
| | - Jyoti P Jadhav
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
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Baghdadi M, Jafari A, Pardakhti A. Removal of crystal violet from aqueous solutions using functionalized cellulose microfibers: a beneficial use of cellulosic healthcare waste. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08901a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, the preparation of functionalized cellulosic microfibers (FCMFs) was proposed as a beneficial use of cellulosic healthcare waste for the removal of crystal violet from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Baghdadi
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- Graduate Faculty of Environment
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - A. Jafari
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- Graduate Faculty of Environment
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - A. Pardakhti
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- Graduate Faculty of Environment
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
- Iran
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