1
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Goodarzi M, Arjmand M, Eskicioglu C. Characterizing graphene oxide waste stream and assessing its impact on anaerobic co-digestion with municipal sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 369:122376. [PMID: 39241597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated anaerobic co-digestion as a promising strategy for managing organic-contaminated waste streams generated from nanomaterial synthesis. The novel approach enabled precise quantification of organic content, efficient biomethane recovery, and a sustainable redirection of ethanol-contaminated graphene oxide (GO) dispersions. The proposed method achieved high accuracy (93-97%) in detecting organic content in ethanol-contaminated GO dispersions, significantly outperforming the conventional total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD) method, which only reached 75-77% accuracy. Additionally, co-digestion of trace ethanol content in GO dispersions with municipal sludge substantially enhanced methane production kinetics, resulting in a 17.6% increase in specific methane yield (per tCOD added) and a 284% increase in total methane production. Parallel anaerobic digestion (AD) experiments using conductive GO nanosheets (without ethanol) revealed the synergistic impact of GO nanosheets and trace ethanol content as a key mechanism driving these improvements. Furthermore, the study provided evidence of the biological reduction of GO and its magnetite-decorated counterpart, magnetic GO, as indicated by a shift in the ID/IG ratio from 1.06 to 0.77 and a G-band shift from 1606 cm⁻1-1565 cm⁻1. This reduction decreased the stability of nanosheets in the AD liquid phase, promoting their partitioning into the solid phase. This process facilitates the adsorption of the GO phase within the digestate and allows for the slow release of micronutrients when used as soil amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Goodarzi
- UBC Bioreactor Technology Group, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada; Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Cigdem Eskicioglu
- UBC Bioreactor Technology Group, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
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2
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Huang Y, Ye D, Liu X, Chen H, Luo X, Huang B, Zhou N, Wang H, Zou Q, Fang S, Wang S, Wu L. Spiky tubular nanoparticles with low protein corona can realize efficient and non-destructive penetration through endothelial barrier. J Control Release 2024; 374:1-14. [PMID: 39079657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Upon intravascular applications, i.e., cancer treatment, nanoparticles (NPs) are required to deliver through blood circulation, sustain serum protein interactions, before they penetrate the blood vessels and reach targeted sites for payload drug release. For a delivery process as such, it is elusive and difficult to comprehend the morphological change of NP surface and evaluate associated effects on its targeted delivery. Herein, we used silica NPs with different surface modifications to demonstrate the morphological impact of NPs during the application of the NP-blood protein interaction, vascular endothelial cell penetration, subsequent targeted delivery and photodynamic therapy efficacy, and pursue high drug-load NPs with surface designs. Compared to solid and mesoporous NPs, we found the spiky tubular NPs reserved the NPs' antifouling properties (or shedding of "protein corona"), promoted better endothelial penetration and less destruction in vitro and in vivo. Such effects could be attributed to their spiky surface structures, which can limit the NP-protein interaction area and promote the NP-protein steric hindrance. Further in molecular simulations, we determined that the spiky tubular morphological modification on NPs enhanced the interaction free energy and lowered the amino acids number and the subsequent frequency in contacting with VE-cadherin of vascular endothelia. As a result, the spiky tubular NPs demonstrated its advantages in mitigating damages to VE-cadherin stability and endothelial cell integrity. Exploiting such spiky tubular surface modification, we can improve the NP delivery efficiency and prohibit the leakiness of vascular endothelia, helping address challenges faced by tumor migration in nanomedicine applications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Dong Ye
- Molecular Profiling and Drug Delivery, Small Molecule CMC Development, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße 50, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xinxin Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Nayuan Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hangxing Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qichao Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Senbiao Fang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Suxiao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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3
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Park J, Wu Y, Suk Kim J, Byun J, Lee J, Oh YK. Cytoskeleton-modulating nanomaterials and their therapeutic potentials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 211:115362. [PMID: 38906478 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton, an intricate network of protein fibers within cells, plays a pivotal role in maintaining cell shape, enabling movement, and facilitating intracellular transport. Its involvement in various pathological states, ranging from cancer proliferation and metastasis to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, underscores its potential as a target for therapeutic intervention. The exploration of nanotechnology in this realm, particularly the use of nanomaterials for cytoskeletal modulation, represents a cutting-edge approach with the promise of novel treatments. Inorganic nanomaterials, including those derived from gold, metal oxides, carbon, and black phosphorus, alongside organic variants such as peptides and proteins, are at the forefront of this research. These materials offer diverse mechanisms of action, either by directly interacting with cytoskeletal components or by influencing cellular signaling pathways that, in turn, modulate the cytoskeleton. Recent advancements have introduced magnetic field-responsive and light-responsive nanomaterials, which allow for targeted and controlled manipulation of the cytoskeleton. Such precision is crucial in minimizing off-target effects and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. This review explores the importance of research into cytoskeleton-targeting nanomaterials for developing therapeutic interventions for a range of diseases. It also addresses the progress made in this field, the challenges encountered, and future directions for using nanomaterials to modulate the cytoskeleton. The continued exploration of nanomaterials for cytoskeleton modulation holds great promise for advancing therapeutic strategies against a broad spectrum of diseases, marking a significant step forward in the intersection of nanotechnology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yina Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Suk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Byun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaiwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Edrisi F, Baheiraei N, Razavi M, Roshanbinfar K, Imani R, Jalilinejad N. Potential of graphene-based nanomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7280-7299. [PMID: 37427687 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the primary cause of death worldwide. Despite significant advances in pharmacological treatments and surgical interventions to restore heart function after myocardial infarction, it can progress to heart failure due to the restricted inherent potential of adult cardiomyocytes to self-regenerate. Hence, the evolution of new therapeutic methods is critical. Nowadays, novel approaches in tissue engineering have assisted in restoring biological and physical specifications of the injured myocardium and, hence, cardiac function. The incorporation of a supporting matrix that could mechanically and electronically support the heart tissue and stimulate the cells to proliferate and regenerate will be advantageous. Electroconductive nanomaterials can facilitate intracellular communication and aid synchronous contraction via electroactive substrate creation, preventing the issue of arrhythmia in the heart. Among a wide range of electroconductive materials, graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) are promising for cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) due to their outstanding features including high mechanical strength, angiogenesis, antibacterial and antioxidant properties, low cost, and scalable fabrication. In the present review, we discuss the effect of applying GBNs on angiogenesis, proliferation, and differentiation of implanted stem cells, their antibacterial and antioxidant properties, and their role in improving the electrical and mechanical properties of the scaffolds for CTE. Also, we summarize the recent research that has applied GBNs in CTE. Finally, we present a concise discussion on the challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Edrisi
- Modern Technologies in Engineering Group, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Baheiraei
- Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Division, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Razavi
- Biionix (Bionic Materials, Implants & Interfaces) Cluster, Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Kaveh Roshanbinfar
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rana Imani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Negin Jalilinejad
- Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Papi M, De Spirito M, Palmieri V. Nanotechnology in the COVID-19 era: Carbon-based nanomaterials as a promising solution. CARBON 2023; 210:118058. [PMID: 37151958 PMCID: PMC10148660 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.118058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to collaboration between nanotechnology scientists, industry stakeholders, and clinicians to develop solutions for diagnostics, prevention, and treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Nanomaterials, including carbon-based materials (CBM) such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, have been studied for their potential in viral research. CBM unique effects on microorganisms, immune interaction, and sensitivity in diagnostics have made them a promising subject of SARS-CoV-2 research. This review discusses the interaction of CBM with SARS-CoV-2 and their applicability, including CBM physical and chemical properties, the known interactions between CBM and viral components, and the proposed prevention, treatment, and diagnostics uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Papi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCSS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCSS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Italy
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCSS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8 00168, Rome, Italy
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, CNR, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185, Rome, Italy
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6
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Rahimi S, Chen Y, Zareian M, Pandit S, Mijakovic I. Cellular and subcellular interactions of graphene-based materials with cancerous and non-cancerous cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114467. [PMID: 35914588 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in early detection and personalized treatment, cancer is still among the leading causes of death globally. One of the possible anticancer approaches that is presently receiving a lot of attention is the development of nanocarriers capable of specific and efficient delivery of anticancer drugs. Graphene-based materials are promising nanocarriers in this respect, due to their high drug loading capacity and biocompatibility. In this review, we present an overview on the interactions of graphene-based materials with normal mammalian cells at the molecular level as well as cellular and subcellular levels, including plasma membrane, cytoskeleton, and membrane-bound organelles such as lysosomes, mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and peroxisome. In parallel, we assemble the knowledge about the interactions of graphene-based materials with cancerous cells, that are considered as the potential applications of these materials for cancer therapy including metastasis treatment, targeted drug delivery, and differentiation to non-cancer stem cells. We highlight the influence of key parameters, such as the size and surface chemistry of graphene-based materials that govern the efficiency of internalization and biocompatibility of these particles in vitro and in vivo. Finally, this review aims to correlate the key parameters of graphene-based nanomaterials specially graphene oxide, such as size and surface modifications, to their interactions with the cancerous and non-cancerous cells for designing and engineering them for bio-applications and especially for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Rahimi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden.
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Zareian
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden; State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material and Green Paper-making, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Santosh Pandit
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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7
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Cui L, Quagliarini E, Xiao S, Giulimondi F, Renzi S, Digiacomo L, Caracciolo G, Wang J, Amici A, Marchini C, Pozzi D. The protein corona reduces the anticancer effect of graphene oxide in HER-2-positive cancer cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4009-4015. [PMID: 36133348 PMCID: PMC9470059 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00308b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, graphene oxide (GO)-based nanomaterials have attracted much attention for their potential anti-cancer properties against various cancer cell types. However, while in vitro studies are promising, following in vivo investigations fail to show any relevant efficacy. Recent research has clarified that the wide gap between benchtop discoveries and clinical practice is due to our limited knowledge about the physical-chemical transformation of nanomaterials in vivo. In physiological environments, nanomaterials are quickly coated by a complex dress of biological molecules referred to as the protein corona. Mediating the interaction between the pristine material and the biological system the protein corona controls the mechanisms of action of nanomaterials up to the sub-cellular level. Here we investigate the anticancer ability of GO in SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cells over-expressing the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), which is functionally implicated in the cell growth and proliferation through the activation of downstream pathways, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK signaling cascades. Western blot analysis demonstrated that GO treatment resulted in a marked decrease in total HER-2, associated with a down-regulation of the expression and activation of protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) thus indicating that GO may act as a potent HER-2 inhibitor. On the other side, the protein corona reverted the effects of GO on HER-2 expression and molecular downstream events to the control level. Our findings may suggest a mechanistic explanation of the reduced anticancer properties of GO-based nanomaterials in vivo. These results may also represent a good prediction strategy for the anticancer activity of nanomaterials designed for biomedical purposes, reaffirming the necessity of exploring their effectiveness under physiologically relevant conditions before moving on to the next in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Cui
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino 62032 Camerino Italy
| | - Erica Quagliarini
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome Viale Regina Elena 291 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Siyao Xiao
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome Viale Regina Elena 291 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Francesca Giulimondi
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome Viale Regina Elena 291 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Serena Renzi
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome Viale Regina Elena 291 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Luca Digiacomo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome Viale Regina Elena 291 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome Viale Regina Elena 291 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Junbiao Wang
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino 62032 Camerino Italy
| | - Augusto Amici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino 62032 Camerino Italy
| | - Cristina Marchini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino 62032 Camerino Italy
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome Viale Regina Elena 291 00161 Rome Italy
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8
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Ekal NS, Patil R, Ranjan N, Bahadur P, Tiwari S. Oxidation state of graphene oxide nanosheets drives their interaction with proteins: A case of bovine serum albumin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 212:112367. [PMID: 35114436 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we explored the interaction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with oxidized graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. Nanosheets, synthesized with 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 wt equivalents of KMnO4 as oxidant, were coded as GO-4, GO-6, GO-8, GO-10 and GO-12, respectively. After incubating sheets with a fixed concentration of BSA at room temperature, interactions were monitored with time. The analysis is based on UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle neutron scattering (SANS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) techniques. Binding of BSA over sheets was recorded in the following order; GO-04 >> GO-06 > GO-08 > GO-10 ≈ GO-12. Our observations suggest that these interactions are largely regulated by the availability of pure graphitic domains and density of oxygen functionalities on sheet surface. This led us to the conclusion that GO-protein interactions can be minimized by modulating the extent of sheet oxidation. Moreover, we show that adsorption of proteins as colloidal aggregates contributes to improved biosafety of sheets. The protein molecule did not exhibit depletive changes in its conformation. However, from the viewpoint of drug delivery applications, density of oxygen groups must be optimized for maximizing the loading efficiency of oxidized sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha S Ekal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Patil
- Shree Dhanvantary Pharmacy College, Surat 394110, Gujarat, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratap Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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9
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Guo Z, Chakraborty S, Monikh FA, Varsou DD, Chetwynd AJ, Afantitis A, Lynch I, Zhang P. Surface Functionalization of Graphene-Based Materials: Biological Behavior, Toxicology, and Safe-By-Design Aspects. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2100637. [PMID: 34288601 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The increasing exploitation of graphene-based materials (GBMs) is driven by their unique properties and structures, which ignite the imagination of scientists and engineers. At the same time, the very properties that make them so useful for applications lead to growing concerns regarding their potential impacts on human health and the environment. Since GBMs are inert to reaction, various attempts of surface functionalization are made to make them reactive. Herein, surface functionalization of GBMs, including those intentionally designed for specific applications, as well as those unintentionally acquired (e.g., protein corona formation) from the environment and biota, are reviewed through the lenses of nanotoxicity and design of safe materials (safe-by-design). Uptake and toxicity of functionalized GBMs and the underlying mechanisms are discussed and linked with the surface functionalization. Computational tools that can predict the interaction of GBMs behavior with their toxicity are discussed. A concise framing of current knowledge and key features of GBMs to be controlled for safe and sustainable applications are provided for the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Guo
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Swaroop Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Fazel Abdolahpur Monikh
- Department of Environmental & Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu, FI-80101, Finland
| | - Dimitra-Danai Varsou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Andrew J Chetwynd
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Antreas Afantitis
- Department of ChemoInformatics, NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia, 1046, Cyprus
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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10
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Chaudhary K, Kumar K, Venkatesu P, Masram DT. Protein immobilization on graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide surface and their applications: Influence over activity, structural and thermal stability of protein. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 289:102367. [PMID: 33545443 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to the essential role of biological macromolecules in our daily life; it is important to control the stability and activity of such macromolecules. Therefore, the most promising route for enhancement in stability and activity is immobilizing proteins on different support materials. Furthermore, large surface area and surface functional groups are the important features that are required for a better support system. These features of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) makes them ideal support materials for protein immobilization. Studies show the successful formation of GO/RGO-protein complexes with enhancement in structural/thermal stability due to various interactions at the nano-bio interface and their utilization in various functional applications. The present review focuses on protein immobilization using GO/RGO as solid support materials. Moreover, we also emphasized on basic underlying mechanism and interactions (hydrophilic, hydrophobic, electrostatic, local protein-protein, hydrogen bonding and van der Walls) between protein and GO/RGO which influences structural stability and activity of enzymes/proteins. Furthermore, GO/RGO-protein complexes are utilized in various applications such as biosensors, bioimaging and theranostic agent, targeted drug delivery agents, and nanovectors for drug and protein delivery.
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11
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Perini G, Palmieri V, Ciasca G, D’Ascenzo M, Primiano A, Gervasoni J, De Maio F, De Spirito M, Papi M. Enhanced Chemotherapy for Glioblastoma Multiforme Mediated by Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13184139. [PMID: 32957607 PMCID: PMC7560355 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and lethal brain cancer. Current treatments involve surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the life expectancy of patients with this disease remains short and chemotherapy leads to severe adverse effects. Furthermore, the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) makes it difficult for drugs to effectively reach the brain. A promising strategy lies in the use of graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which are light-responsive graphene nanoparticles that have shown the capability of crossing the BBB. Here we investigate the effect of GQDs on U87 human glioblastoma cells and primary cortical neurons. Non-functionalized GQDs (NF-GQDs) demonstrated high biocompatibility, while dimethylformamide-functionalized GQDs (DMF-GQDs) showed a toxic effect on both cell lines. The combination of GQDs and the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox) was tested. GQDs exerted a synergistic increase in the efficacy of chemotherapy treatment, specifically on U87 cells. The mechanism underlying this synergy was investigated, and it was found that GQDs can alter membrane permeability in a manner dependent on the surface chemistry, facilitating the uptake of Dox inside U87 cells, but not on cortical neurons. Therefore, experimental evidence indicates that GQDs could be used in a combined therapy against brain cancer, strongly increasing the efficacy of chemotherapy and, at the same time, reducing its dose requirement along with its side effects, thereby improving the life quality of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Perini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00185 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00185 Roma, Italy; (A.P.); (J.G.)
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00185 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00185 Roma, Italy; (A.P.); (J.G.)
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00185 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00185 Roma, Italy; (A.P.); (J.G.)
| | - Marcello D’Ascenzo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00185 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00185 Roma, Italy; (A.P.); (J.G.)
| | - Aniello Primiano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00185 Roma, Italy; (A.P.); (J.G.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Jacopo Gervasoni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00185 Roma, Italy; (A.P.); (J.G.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Flavio De Maio
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”IRCSS, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze biotecnologiche di base, cliniche intensivologiche e perioperatorie—Sezione di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00185 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00185 Roma, Italy; (A.P.); (J.G.)
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00185 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00185 Roma, Italy; (A.P.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (M.P.)
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12
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Abdelhalim AO, Sharoyko VV, Meshcheriakov AA, Luttsev MD, Potanin AA, Iamalova NR, Zakharov EE, Ageev SV, Petrov AV, Vasina LV, Solovtsova IL, Nashchekin AV, Murin IV, Semenov KN. Synthesis, characterisation and biocompatibility of graphene–L-methionine nanomaterial. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Perini G, Palmieri V, Ciasca G, D’Ascenzo M, Gervasoni J, Primiano A, Rinaldi M, Fioretti D, Prampolini C, Tiberio F, Lattanzi W, Parolini O, De Spirito M, Papi M. Graphene Quantum Dots' Surface Chemistry Modulates the Sensitivity of Glioblastoma Cells to Chemotherapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6301. [PMID: 32878114 PMCID: PMC7503375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, the barrier that reduces cancer therapy efficacy. Here, we tested three alternative GQDs' surface chemistries on two neural lineages (glioblastoma cells and mouse cortical neurons). We showed that surface chemistry modulates GQDs' biocompatibility. When used in combination with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, GDQs exerted a synergistic effect on tumor cells, but not on neurons. This appears to be mediated by the modification of membrane permeability induced by the surface of GQDs. Our findings highlight that GQDs can be adopted as a suitable delivery and therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma, by both directly destabilizing the cell membrane and indirectly increasing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Perini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
| | - Marcello D’Ascenzo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
| | - Jacopo Gervasoni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Aniello Primiano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Rinaldi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (ITF), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (D.F.)
| | - Daniela Fioretti
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (ITF), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (D.F.)
| | - Chiara Prampolini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Tiberio
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (A.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (W.L.); (O.P.)
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14
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Guglielmi L, Nardella M, Musa C, Cifola I, Porru M, Cardinali B, Iannetti I, Di Pietro C, Bolasco G, Palmieri V, Vilardo L, Panini N, Bonaventura F, Papi M, Scavizzi F, Raspa M, Leonetti C, Falcone G, Felsani A, D’Agnano I. Circulating miRNAs in Small Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by a Human Melanoma Xenograft in Mouse Brains. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061635. [PMID: 32575666 PMCID: PMC7352810 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of liquid biomarkers remains a major challenge to improve the diagnosis of melanoma patients with brain metastases. Circulating miRNAs packaged into tumor-secreted small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) contribute to tumor progression. To investigate the release of tumor-secreted miRNAs by brain metastasis, we developed a xenograft model where human metastatic melanoma cells were injected intracranially in nude mice. The comprehensive profiles of both free miRNAs and those packaged in sEVs secreted by the melanoma cells in the plasma demonstrated that most (80%) of the sEV-associated miRNAs were also present in serum EVs from a cohort of metastatic melanomas, included in a publicly available dataset. Remarkably, among them, we found three miRNAs (miR-224-5p, miR-130a-3p and miR-21-5p) in sEVs showing a trend of upregulation during melanoma progression. Our model is proven to be valuable for identifying miRNAs in EVs that are unequivocally secreted by melanoma cells in the brain and could be associated to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Guglielmi
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (L.G.); (I.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Marta Nardella
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carla Musa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (C.M.); (B.C.); (I.I.); (C.D.P.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Ingrid Cifola
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (L.G.); (I.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Manuela Porru
- UOSD SAFU–IRCCS-Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Beatrice Cardinali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (C.M.); (B.C.); (I.I.); (C.D.P.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Ilaria Iannetti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (C.M.); (B.C.); (I.I.); (C.D.P.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Chiara Di Pietro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (C.M.); (B.C.); (I.I.); (C.D.P.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | | | - Valentina Palmieri
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (M.P.)
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Vilardo
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (L.G.); (I.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Nicolò Panini
- Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Bonaventura
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (C.M.); (B.C.); (I.I.); (C.D.P.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (M.P.)
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (C.M.); (B.C.); (I.I.); (C.D.P.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Marcello Raspa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (C.M.); (B.C.); (I.I.); (C.D.P.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Carlo Leonetti
- UOSD SAFU–IRCCS-Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Germana Falcone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (C.M.); (B.C.); (I.I.); (C.D.P.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | | | - Igea D’Agnano
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (L.G.); (I.C.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Palmieri V, Spirito MD, Papi M. Graphene-based scaffolds for tissue engineering and photothermal therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1411-1417. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have been creating 3D replicas of damaged tissues for millions of patients by using innovative biomaterials. While these scaffolds have regenerative properties, it would be beneficial if they could be utilized for local therapies, such as for cancer treatment. This report discusses the main advances in graphene scaffold design for near-infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy (PTT). NIR-PTT is a promising alternative for cancer cell killing, mediated by an increase of temperature due to NIR light-absorbers delivered to the tumor proximity. Graphene is a bidimensional material largely exploited in nanomedicine for its unique properties, such as high growth factor loading, which induces cell differentiation and its capacity to absorb NIR light. Here we cover aspects of future research in multifunctional graphene implants for cancer therapy and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Roma, Italy
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16
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Abstract
Carbon nanostructures (CNs), such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, carbon dots, nanodiamonds as well as graphene and its derivatives present a tremendous potential for various biomedical applications, ranging from sensing to drug delivery and gene therapy, biomedical imaging and tissue engineering. Since most of these applications encompass blood contact or intravenous injection, hemocompatibility is a critical aspect that must be carefully considered to take advantage of CN exceptional characteristics while allowing their safe use. This review discusses the hemocompatibility of different classes of CNs with the purpose of providing biomaterial scientists with a comprehensive vision of the interactions between CNs and blood components. The various complex mechanisms involved in blood compatibility, including coagulation, hemolysis, as well as the activation of complement, platelets, and leukocytes will be considered. Special attention will be paid to the role of CN size, structure, and surface properties in the formation of the protein corona and in the processes that drive blood response. The aim of this review is to emphasize the importance of hemocompatibility for CNs intended for biomedical applications and to provide some valuable insights for the development of new generation particles with improved performance and safety in the physiological environment.
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Cai R, Chen C. The Crown and the Scepter: Roles of the Protein Corona in Nanomedicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805740. [PMID: 30589115 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Engineering nanomaterials are increasingly considered promising and powerful biomedical tools or devices for imaging, drug delivery, and cancer therapies, but few nanomaterials have been tested in clinical trials. This wide gap between bench discoveries and clinical application is mainly due to the limited understanding of the biological identity of nanomaterials. When they are exposed to the human body, nanoparticles inevitably interact with bodily fluids and thereby adsorb hundreds of biomolecules. A "biomolecular corona" forms on the surface of nanomaterials and confers a new biological identity for NPs, which determines the following biological events: cellular uptake, immune response, biodistribution, clearance, and toxicity. A deep and thorough understanding of the biological effects triggered by the protein corona in vivo will speed up their translation to the clinic. To date, nearly all studies have attempted to characterize the components of protein coronas depending on different physiochemical properties of NPs. Herein, recent advances are reviewed in order to better understand the impact of the biological effects of the nanoparticle-corona on nanomedicine applications. The recent development of the impact of protein corona formation on the pharmacokinetics of nanomedicines is also highlighted. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of nanomedicine toward future clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
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18
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Sericin grafted multifunctional curcumin loaded fluorinated graphene oxide nanomedicines with charge switching properties for effective cancer cell targeting. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118791. [PMID: 31678390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated graphene has recently gained much attention for cancer drug delivery, owing to its peculiar properties including high electronegativity difference, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent, and the photothermal effect. However, the hydrophobic nature of fluorinated graphene greatly hinders its application as a biological material. Herein, a novel green method is reported for synthesis of a pH-sensitive charge-reversal and water-soluble fluorinated graphene oxide, modified with polyethyleneimine anchored to sericin-polypeptide (FPS). This nanocarrier was further loaded with curcumin (Cur), and characterized as a nanocarrier for anti-cancer drug delivery. The synthesized nanocarriers contain two different pH-sensitive amide linkages, which are negatively charged in blood pH (≈7.4) and can prolong circulation times. The amide linkages undergo hydrolysis once they reach the mildly acidic condition (pH≈6.5, corresponding to tumor extracellular matrix), and subsequently once reached the lower acidic condition (pH≈5.5, corresponded to endo/lysosomes microenvironment), the FPS charge can be switched to positive (≈+28 mV), which aids the nuclear release. This nanocarrier was designed to selectively enhance cell internalization and nuclear-targeted delivery of curcumin in HeLa, SkBr3 and PC-3 cancer cells. Moreover, FPS-Cur demonstrated high curcumin loading capacity, prolonged curcumin release and promotion of apoptosis in HeLa, SkBr3 and PC-3 cells. Therefore, with its pH-responsive charge-reversal properties, FPS-Cur would be a promising candidate for chemotherapy of cervical, breast and prostate cancers.
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19
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Papi M, Palmieri V, Digiacomo L, Giulimondi F, Palchetti S, Ciasca G, Perini G, Caputo D, Cartillone MC, Cascone C, Coppola R, Capriotti AL, Laganà A, Pozzi D, Caracciolo G. Converting the personalized biomolecular corona of graphene oxide nanoflakes into a high-throughput diagnostic test for early cancer detection. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:15339-15346. [PMID: 31386742 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01413f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology are introducing the exciting possibility of cancer identification at early stages via analysis of the personalized biomolecular corona (BC), i.e. the dynamic "halo" of proteins that adsorbs onto NPs following exposure to patients' plasma. In this study, we develop a blood test for early cancer detection based on the characterization of the BC that forms around Graphene Oxide (GO) nanoflakes. Among its elective properties, GO binds low amounts of albumin, the most abundant protein in the blood and one of the most enriched proteins in the BC of many nanomaterials. This unique property of GO allows strong adsorption of poorly concentrated plasma proteins without abundant protein depletion. In our study, GO nanometric flakes have been used to analyze BCs from 50 subjects, half of them diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and half of them being healthy volunteers. Pancreatic cancer was chosen as the model of a high mortality disease with poor survival rates due to its delayed diagnosis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to measure the diagnostic accuracy of the BC-based test. We obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96 and the test discriminated cancer patients from healthy subjects with a sensitivity of 92%. Finally, a double-blind validation was made using a second test dataset (10 healthy subjects + 10 pancreatic cancer patients) and it confirmed the results obtained on the first training dataset. Being highly accurate, fast, inexpensive and easy to perform, we believe that the BC-enabled blood test has the potential to become a turning point in early detection of cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Papi
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Rome, Italy
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20
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Efficient Spatial Sampling for AFM-Based Cancer Diagnostics: A Comparison between Neural Networks and Conventional Data Analysis. CONDENSED MATTER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat4020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) in spectroscopy mode receives a lot of attention because of its potential in distinguishing between healthy and cancer tissues. However, the AFM translational process in clinical practice is hindered by the fact that it is a time-consuming technique in terms of measurement and analysis time. In this paper, we attempt to address both issues. We propose the use of neural networks for pattern recognition to automatically classify AFM force–distance (FD) curves, with the aim of avoiding curve-fitting with the Sneddon model or more complicated ones. We investigated the applicability of this method to the classification of brain cancer tissues. The performance of the classifier was evaluated with receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the approach and retract curves separately and in combination with each other. Although more complex and comprehensive models are required to demonstrate the general applicability of the proposed approach, preliminary evidence is given for the accuracy of the results, and arguments are presented to support the possible applicability of neural networks to the classification of brain cancer tissues. Moreover, we propose a possible strategy to shorten measurement times based on the estimation of the minimum number of FD curves needed to classify a tissue with a confidence level of 0.005. Taken together, these results have the potential to stimulate the design of more effective protocols to reduce AFM measurement times and to get rid of curve-fitting, which is a complex and time-consuming issue that requires experienced staff with a strong data-analysis background.
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21
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De Maio F, Palmieri V, Salustri A, Perini G, Sanguinetti M, De Spirito M, Delogu G, Papi M. Graphene oxide prevents mycobacteria entry into macrophages through extracellular entrapment. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:1421-1431. [PMID: 36132595 PMCID: PMC9419007 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00413g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global threat and there is an urgent need for improved drugs and treatments, particularly against the drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Graphene oxide (GO) is an innovative bi-dimensional nanomaterial that when administered in vivo accumulates in the lungs. Further, GO is readily degraded by peroxidases and has a high drug loading capacity and antibacterial properties. In this study, we first evaluated the GO anti-mycobacterial properties using Mycobacterium smegmatis (Ms) as a model. We observed that GO, when administered with the bacteria, was able to trap Ms in a dose-dependent manner, reducing entry of bacilli into macrophages. However, GO did not show any anti-mycobacterial activity when used to treat infected cells or when macrophages were pre-treated before infection. Similar results were obtained when the virulent Mtb strain was used, showing that GO was able to trap Mtb and prevent entry into microphages. These results indicate that GO can be a promising tool to design improved therapies against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio De Maio
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Roma Italy
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Institute of Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Largo A. Gemelli, 8 00168 Roma Italy
| | - Alessandro Salustri
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Roma Italy
| | - Giordano Perini
- Institute of Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Largo A. Gemelli, 8 00168 Roma Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Roma Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Institute of Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Largo A. Gemelli, 8 00168 Roma Italy
| | - Giovanni Delogu
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Roma Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Institute of Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Largo A. Gemelli, 8 00168 Roma Italy
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22
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Palmieri V, Dalchiele EA, Perini G, Motta A, De Spirito M, Zanoni R, Marrani AG, Papi M. Biocompatible N-acetyl cysteine reduces graphene oxide and persists at the surface as a green radical scavenger. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4186-4189. [PMID: 30892320 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00429g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) reduces graphene oxide (GO) at room temperature. This represents a new green method to produce reduced GO (rGO). NAC adheres to the rGO surface as demonstrated by several spectroscopy techniques and avoids GO-mediated oxidation of glutathione. This method offers new opportunities for the production of green biocompatible rGO and NAC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Palmieri
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
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23
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Interaction of graphene oxide with cell culture medium: Evaluating the fetal bovine serum protein corona formation towards in vitro nanotoxicity assessment and nanobiointeractions. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:363-377. [PMID: 30948072 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of single-layer graphene oxide (SLGO) and multi-layered graphene oxide (MLGO) with a cell culture medium (i.e. DMEM) was studied by evaluating fetal bovine serum (FBS) protein corona formation towards in vitro nanotoxicity assessment and nanobiointeractions. SLGO and MLGO exhibited different colloidal behavior in the culture medium, which was visualized by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy in situ analysis. Exploring proteomics and bioinformatics tools, 394 and 290 proteins were identified on the SLGO and MLGO hard corona compositions, respectively. From this amount, 115 proteins were exclusively detected on the SLGO and merely 11 on MLGO. SLGO enriched FBS proteins involved in metabolic processes and signal transduction, while MLGO enriched proteins involved in cellular development/structure, and lipid transport/metabolic processes. Such a distinct corona profile is due to differences on surface chemistry, aggregation behavior and the surface area of GO materials. Hydrophilic interactions were found to play a greater role in protein adsorption by MLGO than SLGO. Our results point out implications for in vitro studies of graphene oxide materials concerning the effective dose delivered to cells and corona bioactivity. Finally, we demonstrated the importance of integrating conventional and modern techniques thoroughly to understand the GO-FBS complexes towards more precise, reliable and advanced in vitro nanotoxicity assessment.
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24
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Palmieri V, Perini G, De Spirito M, Papi M. Graphene oxide touches blood: in vivo interactions of bio-coronated 2D materials. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2019; 4:273-290. [PMID: 32254085 DOI: 10.1039/c8nh00318a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide is the hot topic in biomedical and pharmaceutical research of the current decade. However, its complex interactions with human blood components complicate the transition from the promising in vitro results to clinical settings. Even though graphene oxide is made with the same atoms as our organs, tissues and cells, its bi-dimensional nature causes unique interactions with blood proteins and biological membranes and can lead to severe effects like thrombogenicity and immune cell activation. In this review, we will describe the journey of graphene oxide after injection into the bloodstream, from the initial interactions with plasma proteins to the formation of the "biomolecular corona", and biodistribution. We will consider the link between the chemical properties of graphene oxide (and its functionalized/reduced derivatives), protein binding and in vivo response. We will also summarize data on biodistribution and toxicity in view of the current knowledge of the influence of the biomolecular corona on these processes. Our aim is to shed light on the unsolved problems regarding the graphene oxide corona to build the groundwork for the future development of drug delivery technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Palmieri
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCSS-Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy.
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25
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Palmieri V, Bugli F, Cacaci M, Perini G, Maio FD, Delogu G, Torelli R, Conti C, Sanguinetti M, Spirito MD, Zanoni R, Papi M. Graphene oxide coatings prevent Candida albicans biofilm formation with a controlled release of curcumin-loaded nanocomposites. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2867-2879. [PMID: 30431405 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Fabrication of graphene oxide (GO)-based medical devices coatings that limit adhesion of Candida albicans, a main issue of healthcare-associated infections. METHODS The GO composites noncovalently functionalized with curcumin (CU), a hydrophobic molecule with active antimicrobial action, polyethylene glycol (PEG) that hinders the absorption of biomolecules or a combination of CU and PEG (GO-CU-PEG) were drop-casted on surfaces and antifungal efficacy was assessed. RESULTS We demonstrate that GO-CU-PEG coatings can reduce fungal adhesion, proliferation and biofilm formation. Furthermore, in an aqueous environment, surfaces release curcumin-PEG nanocomposites that have a minimum inhibitory concentration of 9.25 μg/ml against C. albicans. CONCLUSION Prevention of early cell adhesion and creation of a proximal environment unfavorable for growth make these GO-supported biomaterials attractive for innovative medical device manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Palmieri
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore. Istituto di Fisica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bugli
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore. Istituto di Microbiologia, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Cacaci
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore. Istituto di Microbiologia, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giordano Perini
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore. Istituto di Fisica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio De Maio
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore. Istituto di Microbiologia, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Delogu
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore. Istituto di Microbiologia, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Torelli
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore. Istituto di Microbiologia, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Conti
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore. Istituto di Microbiologia, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore. Istituto di Fisica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Robertino Zanoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore. Istituto di Fisica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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26
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Liao C, Li Y, Tjong SC. Graphene Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Biocompatibility, and Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3564. [PMID: 30424535 PMCID: PMC6274822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide have been widely considered as promising candidates for industrial and biomedical applications due to their exceptionally high mechanical stiffness and strength, excellent electrical conductivity, high optical transparency, and good biocompatibility. In this article, we reviewed several techniques that are available for the synthesis of graphene-based nanomaterials, and discussed the biocompatibility and toxicity of such nanomaterials upon exposure to mammalian cells under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Various synthesis strategies have been developed for their fabrication, generating graphene nanomaterials with different chemical and physical properties. As such, their interactions with cells and organs are altered accordingly. Conflicting results relating biocompatibility and cytotoxicity induced by graphene nanomaterials have been reported in the literature. In particular, graphene nanomaterials that are used for in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal models may contain toxic chemical residuals, thereby interfering graphene-cell interactions and complicating interpretation of experimental results. Synthesized techniques, such as liquid phase exfoliation and wet chemical oxidation, often required toxic organic solvents, surfactants, strong acids, and oxidants for exfoliating graphite flakes. Those organic molecules and inorganic impurities that are retained in final graphene products can interact with biological cells and tissues, inducing toxicity or causing cell death eventually. The residual contaminants can cause a higher risk of graphene-induced toxicity in biological cells. This adverse effect may be partly responsible for the discrepancies between various studies in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhu Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yuchao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
| | - Sie Chin Tjong
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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27
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Palmieri V, Barba M, Di Pietro L, Conti C, De Spirito M, Lattanzi W, Papi M. Graphene Oxide Induced Osteogenesis Quantification by In-Situ 2D-Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3336. [PMID: 30373116 PMCID: PMC6274764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene and graphene oxide can promote the adhesion, growth and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Further, graphene surface coatings accelerate the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells acting as osteogenic inducers. Quantification of the osteogenic induction is conventionally performed with Alizarin Red S (ARS), an anthraquinone derivative used to identify calcium deposits in tissue sections and cell cultures. The ARS staining is quite versatile because the dye forms an Alizarin Red S⁻calcium complex that can be extracted from the stained monolayer of cells and readily assayed by absorbance measurements. Direct visualization of stained deposits is also feasible; however, an in-situ visualization and quantification of deposits is possible only on transparent supports and not on thick opaque materials like ceramics and graphene composites that are well-known inducers of osteogenesis. In this manuscript, the shape of the 2D-fluorescence spectra of the ARS-calcium complex is used to develop a method to detect and monitor the in-situ differentiation process occurring during the osteogenic induction mediated by opaque graphene oxide surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Palmieri
- Institute of Physics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marta Barba
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lorena Di Pietro
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Conti
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Institute of Physics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Institute of Physics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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28
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De Maio F, Battah B, Palmieri V, Petrone L, Corrente F, Salustri A, Palucci I, Bellesi S, Papi M, Rubino S, Sali M, Goletti D, Sanguinetti M, Manganelli R, De Spirito M, Delogu G. PE_PGRS3 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is specifically expressed at low phosphate concentration, and its arginine-rich C-terminal domain mediates adhesion and persistence in host tissues when expressed in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12952. [PMID: 30192424 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PE_PGRSs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) represent a family of complex and peculiar proteins whose role and function remain elusive. In this study, we investigated PE_PGRS3 and PE_PGRS4, two highly homologous PE_PGRSs encoded by two contiguous genes in the Mtb genome. Using a gene-reporter system in Mycobacterium smegmatis (Ms) and transcriptional analysis in Mtb, we show that PE_PGRS3, but not PE_PGRS4, is specifically expressed under low phosphate concentrations. Interestingly, PE_PGRS3, but not PE_PGRS4, has a unique, arginine-rich C-terminal domain of unknown function. Heterologous expression of PE_PGRS3 in Ms was used to demonstrate cellular localisation of the protein on the mycobacterial surface, where it significantly affects net surface charge. Moreover, expression of full-length PE_PGRS3 enhanced adhesion of Ms to murine macrophages and human epithelial cells and improved bacterial persistence in spleen tissue following infection in mice. Expression of the PE_PGRS3 functional deletion mutant lacking the C-terminal domain in Ms did not enhance adhesion to host cells, showing a phenotype similar to the Ms parental strain. Interestingly, enhanced persistence of Ms expressing PE_PGRS3 did not correlate with increased concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. These results point to a critical role for the ≈ 80 amino acids long, arginine-rich C-terminal domain of PE_PGRS3 in tuberculosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio De Maio
- Institute of Microbiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Basem Battah
- Institute of Microbiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Institute of Physics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Petrone
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Corrente
- Institute of Haematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Salustri
- Institute of Microbiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivana Palucci
- Institute of Microbiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellesi
- Institute of Haematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Institute of Physics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rubino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Michela Sali
- Institute of Microbiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Institute of Microbiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco De Spirito
- Institute of Physics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Delogu
- Institute of Microbiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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29
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Dasari Shareena TP, McShan D, Dasmahapatra AK, Tchounwou PB. A Review on Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Biomedical Applications and Risks in Environment and Health. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2018; 10:53. [PMID: 30079344 PMCID: PMC6075845 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-018-0206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have attracted increasing interests of the scientific community due to their unique physicochemical properties and their applications in biotechnology, biomedicine, bioengineering, disease diagnosis and therapy. Although a large amount of researches have been conducted on these novel nanomaterials, limited comprehensive reviews are published on their biomedical applications and potential environmental and human health effects. The present research aimed at addressing this knowledge gap by examining and discussing: (1) the history, synthesis, structural properties and recent developments of GBNs for biomedical applications; (2) GBNs uses as therapeutics, drug/gene delivery and antibacterial materials; (3) GBNs applications in tissue engineering and in research as biosensors and bioimaging materials; and (4) GBNs potential environmental effects and human health risks. It also discussed the perspectives and challenges associated with the biomedical applications of GBNs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle McShan
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Asok K Dasmahapatra
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
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30
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Bugli F, Cacaci M, Palmieri V, Di Santo R, Torelli R, Ciasca G, Di Vito M, Vitali A, Conti C, Sanguinetti M, De Spirito M, Papi M. Curcumin-loaded graphene oxide flakes as an effective antibacterial system against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Interface Focus 2018; 8:20170059. [PMID: 29696091 PMCID: PMC5915661 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2017.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible for serious hospital infections worldwide and represents a global public health problem. Curcumin, the major constituent of turmeric, is effective against MRSA but only at cytotoxic concentrations or in combination with antibiotics. The major issue in curcumin-based therapies is the poor solubility of this hydrophobic compound and the cytotoxicity at high doses. In this paper, we describe the efficacy of a composite nanoparticle made of curcumin (CU) and graphene oxide (GO), hereafter GOCU, in MRSA infection treatment. GO is a nanomaterial with a large surface area and high drug-loading capacity. GO has also antibacterial properties due mainly to a mechanical cutting of the bacterial membranes. For this physical mechanism of action, microorganisms are unlikely to develop resistance against this nanomaterial. In this work, we report the capacity of GO to support and stabilize curcumin molecules in a water environment and we demonstrate the efficacy of GOCU against MRSA at a concentration below 2 µg ml-1. Further, GOCU displays low toxicity on fibroblasts cells and avoids haemolysis of red blood cells. Our results indicate that GOCU is a promising nanomaterial against antibiotic-resistant MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Bugli
- Microbiology Institute, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Cacaci
- Microbiology Institute, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - V. Palmieri
- Physics Institute, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - R. Di Santo
- Physics Institute, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - R. Torelli
- Microbiology Institute, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - G. Ciasca
- Physics Institute, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Di Vito
- Microbiology Institute, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie Università di Bologna Alma Mater Studorium, Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Vitali
- CNR-ICRM, c/o Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - C. Conti
- CNR-ICRM, c/o Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Sanguinetti
- Microbiology Institute, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - M. De Spirito
- Physics Institute, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Papi
- Physics Institute, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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31
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Falvo E, Malagrinò F, Arcovito A, Fazi F, Colotti G, Tremante E, Di Micco P, Braca A, Opri R, Giuffrè A, Fracasso G, Ceci P. The presence of glutamate residues on the PAS sequence of the stimuli-sensitive nano-ferritin improves in vivo biodistribution and mitoxantrone encapsulation homogeneity. J Control Release 2018; 275:177-185. [PMID: 29474961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A genetically engineered human ferritin heavy chain (HFt)-based construct has been recently shown by our group to efficiently entrap and deliver doxorubicin to cancer cells. This construct, named HFt-MP-PAS, contained a tumor-selective sequence (MP) responsive to proteolytic cleavage by tumor proteases (MMPs), located between each HFt subunit and an outer shielding polypeptide sequence rich in proline (P), serine (S) and alanine (A) residues (PAS). HFt-MP-PAS displayed excellent therapeutic efficacy in xenogenic pancreatic and head and neck cancer models in vivo, leading to a significant increase in overall animal survivals. Here we report a new construct obtained by the genetic insertion of two glutamate residues in the PAS sequence of HFt-MP-PAS. Such new construct, named HFt-MP-PASE, is characterized by improved performances as drug biodistribution in a xenogenic pancreatic cancer model in vivo. Moreover, HFt-MP-PASE efficiently encapsulates the anti-cancer drug mitoxantrone (MIT), and the resulting MIT-loaded nanoparticles proved to be more soluble and monodispersed than the HFt-MP-PAS counterparts. Importantly, in vitro MIT-loaded HFt-MP-PASE kills several cancer cell lines of different origin (colon, breast, sarcoma and pancreas) at least as efficiently as the free drug. Finally, our MIT loaded protein nanocages allowed in vivo an impressive incrementing of the drug accumulation in the tumor with respect to the free drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Falvo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", "Sapienza" University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Arcovito
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Tremante
- Oncogenomics and Epigenetics, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Di Micco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", "Sapienza" University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Braca
- BSP Pharmaceuticals, 04013 Latina, Italy
| | - Roberta Opri
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuffrè
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Fracasso
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Pierpaolo Ceci
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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32
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de Sousa M, Martins CHZ, Franqui LS, Fonseca LC, Delite FS, Lanzoni EM, Martinez DST, Alves OL. Covalent functionalization of graphene oxide with d-mannose: evaluating the hemolytic effect and protein corona formation. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:2803-2812. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02997g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide mannosylation impacts on RBCs toxicity and plasma protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Sousa
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Campinas
- Brazil
| | - Carlos H. Z. Martins
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Campinas
- Brazil
| | - Lidiane S. Franqui
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano)
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM)
- Campinas
- Brazil
- School of Technology
| | - Leandro C. Fonseca
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Campinas
- Brazil
| | | | - Evandro M. Lanzoni
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano)
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM)
- Campinas
- Brazil
| | - Diego Stéfani T. Martinez
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Campinas
- Brazil
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano)
| | - Oswaldo L. Alves
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Campinas
- Brazil
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33
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Foglia S, Ledda M, Fioretti D, Iucci G, Papi M, Capellini G, Lolli MG, Grimaldi S, Rinaldi M, Lisi A. In vitro biocompatibility study of sub-5 nm silica-coated magnetic iron oxide fluorescent nanoparticles for potential biomedical application. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46513. [PMID: 28422155 PMCID: PMC5395943 DOI: 10.1038/srep46513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), for their intriguing properties, have attracted a great interest as they can be employed in many different biomedical applications. In this multidisciplinary study, we synthetized and characterized ultrafine 3 nm superparamagnetic water-dispersible nanoparticles. By a facile and inexpensive one-pot approach, nanoparticles were coated with a shell of silica and contemporarily functionalized with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dye. The obtained sub-5 nm silica-coated magnetic iron oxide fluorescent (sub-5 SIO-Fl) nanoparticles were assayed for cellular uptake, biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in a human colon cancer cellular model. By confocal microscopy analysis we demonstrated that nanoparticles as-synthesized are internalized and do not interfere with the CaCo-2 cell cytoskeletal organization nor with their cellular adhesion. We assessed that they do not exhibit cytotoxicity, providing evidence that they do not affect shape, proliferation, cellular viability, cell cycle distribution and progression. We further demonstrated at molecular level that these nanoparticles do not interfere with the expression of key differentiation markers and do not affect pro-inflammatory cytokines response in Caco-2 cells. Overall, these results showed the in vitro biocompatibility of the sub-5 SIO-Fl nanoparticles promising their safe employ for diagnostic and therapeutic biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Foglia
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), Department of Engineering, ICT and technologies for energy and transportation, National Research Council (CNR), Parma, Italy
| | - Mario Ledda
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Fioretti
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Papi
- Institute of Physics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Grazia Lolli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Settimio Grimaldi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Rinaldi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lisi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
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34
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Palmieri V, Carmela Lauriola M, Ciasca G, Conti C, De Spirito M, Papi M. The graphene oxide contradictory effects against human pathogens. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:152001. [PMID: 28303804 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa6150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Standing out as the new wonder bidimensional material, graphene oxide (GO) has aroused an exceptional interest in biomedical research by holding promise for being the antibacterial of future. First, GO possesses a specific interaction with microorganisms combined with a mild toxicity for human cells. Additionally, its antibacterial action seems to be directed to multiple targets in pathogens, causing both membranes mechanical injury and oxidative stress. Lastly, compared to other carbon materials, GO has easy and low-cost processing and is environment-friendly. This remarkable specificity and multi-targeting antibacterial activity come at a time when antibiotic resistance represents the major health challenge. Unfortunately, a comprehensive framework to understand how to effectively utilize this material against microorganisms is still lacking. In the last decade, several groups tried to define the mechanisms of interaction between GO flakes and pathogens but conflicting results have been reported. This review is focused on all the contradictions of GO antimicrobial properties in solution. Flake size, incubation protocol, time of exposure and species considered are examples of factors influencing results. These parameters will be summarized and analyzed with the aim of defining the causes of contradictions, to allow fast GO clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Palmieri
- Physics Institute, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, L. go Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy. Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
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35
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Palmieri V, Bugli F, Lauriola MC, Cacaci M, Torelli R, Ciasca G, Conti C, Sanguinetti M, Papi M, De Spirito M. Bacteria Meet Graphene: Modulation of Graphene Oxide Nanosheet Interaction with Human Pathogens for Effective Antimicrobial Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:619-627. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Palmieri
- Physics
Institute, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Largo Francesco
Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute
for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC−CNR), Via
dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bugli
- Microbiology
Institute, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Largo Francesco
Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Lauriola
- Physics
Institute, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Largo Francesco
Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Cacaci
- Microbiology
Institute, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Largo Francesco
Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Torelli
- Microbiology
Institute, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Largo Francesco
Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Physics
Institute, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Largo Francesco
Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Conti
- Institute
for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC−CNR), Via
dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Microbiology
Institute, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Largo Francesco
Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Physics
Institute, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Largo Francesco
Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute
for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC−CNR), Via
dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Physics
Institute, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Largo Francesco
Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Palmieri V, Papi M, Conti C, Ciasca G, Maulucci G, De Spirito M. The future development of bacteria fighting medical devices: the role of graphene oxide. Expert Rev Med Devices 2016; 13:1013-1019. [DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2016.1245612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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37
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Interactions of graphene with mammalian cells: Molecular mechanisms and biomedical insights. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 105:145-162. [PMID: 27569910 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based functional nanomaterials have attracted immense scientific interest from many disciplines and, due to their extraordinary properties, have offered tremendous potential in a diverse range of applications. Among the different carbon nanomaterials, graphene is one of the newest and is considered the most important. Graphene, a monolayer material composed of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms hexagonally arranged in a two-dimensional structure, can be easily functionalized by chemical modification. Functionalized graphene and its derivatives have been used in diverse nano-biotechnological applications, such as in environmental engineering, biomedicine, and biotechnology. However, the prospective use of graphene-related materials in a biological context requires a detailed comprehension of these materials, which is essential for expanding their biomedical applications in the future. In recent years, the number of biological studies involving graphene-related nanomaterials has rapidly increased. These studies have documented the effects of the biological interactions between graphene-related materials and different organizational levels of living systems, ranging from biomolecules to animals. In the present review, we will summarize the recent progress in understanding mainly the interactions between graphene and cells. The impact of graphene on intracellular components, and especially the uptake and transport of graphene by cells, will be discussed in detail.
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39
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Ciasca G, Papi M, Minelli E, Palmieri V, De Spirito M. Changes in cellular mechanical properties during onset or progression of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7203-7214. [PMID: 27621568 PMCID: PMC4997642 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i32.7203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) development represents a multistep process starting with specific mutations that affect proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. These mutations confer a selective growth advantage to colonic epithelial cells that form first dysplastic crypts, and then malignant tumours and metastases. All these steps are accompanied by deep mechanical changes at the cellular and the tissue level. A growing consensus is emerging that such modifications are not merely a by-product of the malignant progression, but they could play a relevant role in the cancer onset and accelerate its progression. In this review, we focus on recent studies investigating the role of the biomechanical signals in the initiation and the development of CRC. We show that mechanical cues might contribute to early phases of the tumour initiation by controlling the Wnt pathway, one of most important regulators of cell proliferation in various systems. We highlight how physical stimuli may be involved in the differentiation of non-invasive cells into metastatic variants and how metastatic cells modify their mechanical properties, both stiffness and adhesion, to survive the mechanical stress associated with intravasation, circulation and extravasation. A deep comprehension of these mechanical modifications may help scientist to define novel molecular targets for the cure of CRC.
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40
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Ciasca G, Papi M, Businaro L, Campi G, Ortolani M, Palmieri V, Cedola A, De Ninno A, Gerardino A, Maulucci G, De Spirito M. Recent advances in superhydrophobic surfaces and their relevance to biology and medicine. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2016; 11:011001. [PMID: 26844980 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/11/1/011001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
By mimicking naturally occurring superhydrophobic surfaces, scientists can now realize artificial surfaces on which droplets of a few microliters of water are forced to assume an almost spherical shape and an extremely high contact angle. In recent decades, these surfaces have attracted much attention due to their technological applications for anti-wetting and self-cleaning materials. Very recently, researchers have shifted their interest to investigate whether superhydrophobic surfaces can be exploited to study biological systems. This research effort has stimulated the design and realization of new devices that allow us to actively organize, visualize and manipulate matter at both the microscale and nanoscale levels. Such precise control opens up wide applications in biomedicine, as it allows us to directly manipulate objects at the typical length scale of cells and macromolecules. This progress report focuses on recent biological and medical applications of superhydrophobicity. Particular regard is paid to those applications that involve the detection, manipulation and study of extremely small quantities of molecules, and to those that allow high throughput cell and biomaterial screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ciasca
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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41
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Wang Y, Zhang B, Zhai G. The effect of incubation conditions on the hemolytic properties of unmodified graphene oxide with various concentrations. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hemolytic properties of graphene oxide (GO) were evaluated from the novel view of the incubation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
| | - Baomei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
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