1
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Ginesi RE, Murray NR, Dalgliesh RM, Doutch J, Draper ER. Using Solution History to Control Hydrogel Properties of a Perylene Bisimide. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301042. [PMID: 37067953 PMCID: PMC10947066 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
pH dependence on water soluble aggregates is well-known in the field of low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs), with different aggregates sometimes having very different properties depending on their final pH. This aggregation determines their applications and performance. Here, we investigate the pH dependence of perylene bisimide gels; initially solutions are formed at a high pH and gels form as the pH is decreased. We find it is not only the final pH but also the starting pH that can impact the resulting gel. We use small angle neutron scattering (SANS), rheology, 1 H NMR spectroscopy and absorption spectroscopy to examine the effect of starting pH on gelation kinetics and final gel properties. Adjusting the solution from pH 9 (where there are few or no aggregates) to pH 6 results in the formation of different worm-like micelles than the ones directly formed at pH 6, leading to again gels with different mechanical properties. This work highlights the importance of controlling the pH of solutions before gelation, but also opens up more possible morphologies and therefore more properties from the same molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James Doutch
- ISISRutherford Appleton LaboratoryChiltonOxfordshireOX11 0QXUK
| | - Emily R. Draper
- School of ChemistryUniversity of GlasgowGlasgow, UKG12 8QQUK
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2
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Sharma R, Malviya R, Singh S, Prajapati B. A Critical Review on Classified Excipient Sodium-Alginate-Based Hydrogels: Modification, Characterization, and Application in Soft Tissue Engineering. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050430. [PMID: 37233021 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginates are polysaccharides that are produced naturally and can be isolated from brown sea algae and bacteria. Sodium alginate (SA) is utilized extensively in the field of biological soft tissue repair and regeneration owing to its low cost, high biological compatibility, and quick and moderate crosslinking. In addition to their high printability, SA hydrogels have found growing popularity in tissue engineering, particularly due to the advent of 3D bioprinting. There is a developing curiosity in tissue engineering with SA-based composite hydrogels and their potential for further improvement in terms of material modification, the molding process, and their application. This has resulted in numerous productive outcomes. The use of 3D scaffolds for growing cells and tissues in tissue engineering and 3D cell culture is an innovative technique for developing in vitro culture models that mimic the in vivo environment. Especially compared to in vivo models, in vitro models were more ethical and cost-effective, and they stimulate tissue growth. This article discusses the use of sodium alginate (SA) in tissue engineering, focusing on SA modification techniques and providing a comparative examination of the properties of several SA-based hydrogels. This review also covers hydrogel preparation techniques, and a catalogue of patents covering different hydrogel formulations is also discussed. Finally, SA-based hydrogel applications and future research areas concerning SA-based hydrogels in tissue engineering were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishav Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Bhupendra Prajapati
- Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva 384012, India
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3
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Shan T, Zheng K, Fei J, Li C, He H, Shi Y, Ma M, Chen S, Gao L, Wang X. Modulus watch: In situ determination of the gel modulus by timing the fluorescence color change. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:656-661. [PMID: 36893532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The gel modulus, a key parameter for gel materials, is traditionally determined by cumbersome rheometer. Recently, probe technologies occur to meet the requirements of in situ determination. Till now, in situ and quantitatively testing of gel materials with unabridged structure informations still remains a challenge. Here, we provide a facile, in situ approach to determine the gel modulus, by timing the aggregation of a doped fluorescence probe. The probe shows green emission during aggregation and shifts to blue once it forms aggregates. The higher modulus of the gel, the longer probe's aggregation time. Furthermore, a quantitative correlation of gel modulus with the aggregation time is established. The in situ method not only facilitates the scientific researches in the field of gels, but also provides a new approach for spatiotemporal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Shan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Junhao Fei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chao Li
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiwen He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yanqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Meng Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Longcheng Gao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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4
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Hamley IW. Self-Assembly, Bioactivity, and Nanomaterials Applications of Peptide Conjugates with Bulky Aromatic Terminal Groups. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:384-409. [PMID: 36735801 PMCID: PMC9945136 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly and structural and functional properties of peptide conjugates containing bulky terminal aromatic substituents are reviewed with a particular focus on bioactivity. Terminal moieties include Fmoc [fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl], naphthalene, pyrene, naproxen, diimides of naphthalene or pyrene, and others. These provide a driving force for self-assembly due to π-stacking and hydrophobic interactions, in addition to the hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and other forces between short peptides. The balance of these interactions leads to a propensity to self-assembly, even for conjugates to single amino acids. The hybrid molecules often form hydrogels built from a network of β-sheet fibrils. The properties of these as biomaterials to support cell culture, or in the development of molecules that can assemble in cells (in response to cellular enzymes, or otherwise) with a range of fascinating bioactivities such as anticancer or antimicrobial activity, are highlighted. In addition, applications of hydrogels as slow-release drug delivery systems and in catalysis and other applications are discussed. The aromatic nature of the substituents also provides a diversity of interesting optoelectronic properties that have been demonstrated in the literature, and an overview of this is also provided. Also discussed are coassembly and enzyme-instructed self-assembly which enable precise tuning and (stimulus-responsive) functionalization of peptide nanostructures.
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5
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Azyat K, Makeiff D, Smith B, Wiebe M, Launspach S, Wagner A, Kulka M, Godbert N. The Effect of Branched Alkyl Chain Length on the Properties of Supramolecular Organogels from Mono- N-Alkylated Primary Oxalamides. Gels 2022; 9:gels9010005. [PMID: 36661773 PMCID: PMC9858617 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono-N-alkylated primary oxalamide derivatives with different sized branched alkyl tail-groups were excellent low molecular weight gelators for a variety of different organic solvents with different polarities and hydrogen-bonding abilities. Solvent-gelator interactions were analyzed using Hansen solubility parameters, while 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy were used to probe the driving forces for the supramolecular gelation. The molecular structures of the twin tail-groups did not significantly affect the supramolecular gelation behavior in different solvents. However, for select solvents, the molecular structures of the tail-groups did have a significant effect on gel properties such as the critical gelator concentration, thermal stability, gel stiffness, gel strength, network morphology, and molecular packing. Finally, metabolic activity studies showed that the primary alkyl oxalamide gelators had no effect on the metabolic activity of mouse immune cells, which suggests that the compounds are not cytotoxic and are suitable for use in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Azyat
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Darren Makeiff
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Bradley Smith
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Mickie Wiebe
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Steve Launspach
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Ashley Wagner
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Marianna Kulka
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Nicolas Godbert
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
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6
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Van Lommel R, Van Hooste J, Vandaele J, Steurs G, Van der Donck T, De Proft F, Rocha S, Sakellariou D, Alonso M, De Borggraeve WM. Does Supramolecular Gelation Require an External Trigger? Gels 2022; 8:gels8120813. [PMID: 36547337 PMCID: PMC9778329 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The supramolecular gelation of small molecules is typically preceded by an external stimulus to trigger the self-assembly. The need for this trigger stems from the metastable nature of most supramolecular gels and can limit their applicability. Herein, we present a small urea-based molecule that spontaneously forms a stable hydrogel by simple mixing without the addition of an external trigger. Single particle tracking experiments and observations made from scanning electron microscopy indicated that triggerless gelation occurred in a similar fashion as the archetypical heat-triggered gelation. These results could stimulate the search for other supramolecular hydrogels that can be obtained by simple mixing. Furthermore, the mechanism of the heat-triggered supramolecular gelation was elucidated by a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and quantitative NMR experiments. Surprisingly, hydrogelation seemingly occurs via a stepwise self-assembly in which spherical nanoparticles mature into an entangled fibrillary network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Van Lommel
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Van Hooste
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes Vandaele
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Steurs
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van der Donck
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Susana Rocha
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dimitrios Sakellariou
- Center for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (W.M.D.B.)
| | - Wim M. De Borggraeve
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (W.M.D.B.)
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7
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Piras CC, Mahon CS, Genever PG, Smith DK. Shaping and Patterning Supramolecular Materials─Stem Cell-Compatible Dual-Network Hybrid Gels Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1829-1840. [PMID: 35364810 PMCID: PMC9092345 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Hydrogels
with spatio-temporally
controlled properties are appealing
materials for biological and pharmaceutical applications. We make
use of mild acidification protocols to fabricate hybrid gels using
calcium alginate in the presence of a preformed thermally triggered
gel based on a low-molecular-weight gelator (LMWG) 1,3:2:4-di(4-acylhydrazide)-benzylidene
sorbitol (DBS-CONHNH2). Nonwater-soluble calcium carbonate
slowly releases calcium ions over time when exposed to an acidic pH,
triggering the assembly of the calcium alginate gel network. We combined
the gelators in different ways: (i) the LMWG was used as a template
to spatially control slow calcium alginate gelation within preformed
gel beads, using glucono-δ-lactone (GdL) to lower the pH; (ii)
the LMWG was used as a template to spatially control slow calcium
alginate gelation within preformed gel trays, using diphenyliodonium
nitrate (DPIN) as a photoacid to lower the pH, and spatial resolution
was achieved by masking. The dual-network hybrid gels display highly
tunable properties, and the beads are compatible with stem cell growth.
Furthermore, they preserve the LMWG function of inducing in situ silver
nanoparticle (AgNP) formation, which provides the gels with antibacterial
activity. These gels have potential for eventual regenerative medicine
applications in (e.g.) bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Piras
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Clare S Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Genever
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - David K Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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8
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Self-Assembly of Alkylamido Isophthalic Acids toward the Design of a Supergelator: Phase-Selective Gelation and Dye Adsorption. Gels 2022; 8:gels8050285. [PMID: 35621583 PMCID: PMC9140382 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of 5-alkylamido isophthalic acid (ISA) derivatives with varying single and twin alkyl chain lengths were designed and synthesized as potential supramolecular organogelators. 5-alkylamido ISAs with linear or branched alkyl tail-groups of different lengths were effective gelators for low polarity solvents. In particular, among the presented series, a derivative with a branched, 24 carbon atom tail-group behaves as a “supergelator” with up to twenty organic solvents forming gels that are highly stable over time. The gelation behavior was analyzed using Hansen solubility parameters, and the thermal stability and viscoelastic properties of select gels were characterized. Microscopy, spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and computer modeling studies were consistent with a hierarchical self-assembly process involving the formation of cyclic H-bonded hexamers via the ISA carboxylic acid groups, which stack into elementary fibers stabilized by H-bonding of the amide linker groups and π–π stacking of the aromatic groups. These new nanomaterials exhibited potential for the phase-selective gelation of oil from oil–water mixtures and dye uptake from contaminated water. The work expands upon the design and synthesis of supramolecular self-assembled nanomaterials and their application in water purification/remediation.
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9
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Li P, Malveau C, Zhu XX, Wuest JD. Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Probe Hydrogels Formed by Sodium Deoxycholate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5111-5118. [PMID: 34730971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels of bile acids and their salts are promising materials for drug delivery, cellular immobilization, and other applications. However, these hydrogels are poorly understood at the molecular level, and further study is needed to allow improved materials to be created by design. We have used NMR spectroscopy to probe hydrogels formed from mixtures of formic acid and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), a common bile acid salt. By assaying the ratio of deoxycholate molecules that are immobilized as part of the fibrillar network of the hydrogels and those that can diffuse, we have found that 65% remain free under typical conditions. The network appears to be composed of both the acid and salt forms of deoxycholate, possibly because a degree of charge inhibits excessive aggregation and precipitation of the fibrils. Spin-spin relaxation times provided a molecular-level estimate of the temperature of gel-sol transition (42 °C), which is virtually the same as the value determined by analyzing macroscopic parameters. Saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy established that formic acid, which is present mainly as formate, is not immobilized as part of the gelating network. In contrast, HDO interacts with the network, which presumably has a surface with exposed hydrophilic groups that form hydrogen bonds with water. Moreover, the STD NMR experiments revealed that the network is a dynamic entity, with molecules of deoxycholate associating and dissociating reversibly. This exchange appears to occur preferentially by contact of the hydrophobic edges or faces of free molecules of deoxycholate with those of molecules immobilized as components of the network. In addition, DOSY experiments revealed that gelation has little effect on the diffusion of free NaDC and HDO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puzhen Li
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3 Canada
| | - Cédric Malveau
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3 Canada
| | - X X Zhu
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3 Canada
| | - James D Wuest
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3 Canada
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10
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Temporal and spatial characterisation of protein liquid-liquid phase separation using NMR spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1767. [PMID: 35365630 PMCID: PMC8976059 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of protein solutions is increasingly recognised as an important phenomenon in cell biology and biotechnology. However, opalescence and concentration fluctuations render LLPS difficult to study, particularly when characterising the kinetics of the phase transition and layer separation. Here, we demonstrate the use of a probe molecule trifluoroethanol (TFE) to characterise the kinetics of protein LLPS by NMR spectroscopy. The chemical shift and linewidth of the probe molecule are sensitive to local protein concentration, with this sensitivity resulting in different characteristic signals arising from the dense and lean phases. Monitoring of these probe signals by conventional bulk-detection 19F NMR reports on the formation and evolution of both phases throughout the sample, including their concentrations and volumes. Meanwhile, spatially-selective 19F NMR, in which spectra are recorded from smaller slices of the sample, was used to track the distribution of the different phases during layer separation. This experimental strategy enables comprehensive characterisation of the process and kinetics of LLPS, and may be useful to study phase separation in protein systems as a function of their environment.
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11
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Patterson AK, El-Qarra LH, Smith DK. Chirality-directed hydrogel assembly and interactions with enantiomers of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3941-3944. [PMID: 35244630 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06942j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomers of the low-molecular-weight gelator (LMWG) DBS-CONHNH2, based on D- or L- 1,3 : 2,4-dibenzylidenesorbitol (DBS), were synthesised. Enantiomeric gels are equivalent, but when mixtures of enantiomers are used, although gels still form, they are weaker than homochiral gels. Nanoscale chirality is lost on adding even a small proportion of the opposite enantiomer - homochiral assembly underpins effective gelation. Enantiomeric gels encapsulate the two enantiomers of anti-inflammatory drug naproxen, with thermal & mechanical differences between diastereomeric systems. We hence demonstrate the importance of chirality in DBS assembly and its interactions with chiral additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Lamisse H El-Qarra
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - David K Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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12
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Panja S, Dietrich B, Adams DJ. Controlling Syneresis of Hydrogels Using Organic Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Panja
- School of Chemistry University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Bart Dietrich
- School of Chemistry University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Dave J. Adams
- School of Chemistry University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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13
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Panja S, Dietrich B, Adams DJ. Controlling Syneresis of Hydrogels Using Organic Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115021. [PMID: 34825758 PMCID: PMC9299832 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels can spontaneously undergo syneresis through fibre-fibre interactions and expel significant amounts of water upon aging. In this process, the hydrophobicity of fibres which regulates the 3D-rearrangement of the self-assembled structures during syneresis is important. Here, we show that we can control the hydrophobic microenvironment of gels by incorporating organic salts into the co-assembled gel fibres thereby enabling control of the macroscopic gel volume phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Panja
- School of ChemistryUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Bart Dietrich
- School of ChemistryUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Dave J. Adams
- School of ChemistryUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
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14
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Berry DBG, Clegg I, Codina A, Lyall CL, Lowe JP, Hintermair U. Convenient and accurate insight into solution-phase equilibria from FlowNMR titrations. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00123c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solution phase titrations are made easy by multi-nuclear FlowNMR spectroscopy with automated, continuous titre addition to give accurate insights into Brønsted acid/base, hydrogen bonding, Lewis acid/base and metal/ligand binding equilibria under native conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. G. Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, UK
- Dynamic Reaction Monitoring Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, UK
| | - Ian Clegg
- Bruker UK Ltd, Banner Lane, CV4 9GH Coventry, UK
| | - Anna Codina
- Bruker UK Ltd, Banner Lane, CV4 9GH Coventry, UK
| | - Catherine L. Lyall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, UK
- Dynamic Reaction Monitoring Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, UK
| | - John P. Lowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, UK
- Dynamic Reaction Monitoring Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, UK
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, UK
- Dynamic Reaction Monitoring Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, UK
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, UK
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15
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Makeiff D, Cho J, Godbert N, Smith B, Azyat K, Wagner A, Kulka M, Carlini R. Supramolecular gels from alkylated benzimidazolone derivatives. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Cross ER, Coulter SM, Pentlavalli S, Laverty G. Unravelling the antimicrobial activity of peptide hydrogel systems: current and future perspectives. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8001-8021. [PMID: 34525154 PMCID: PMC8442837 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00839k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of hydrogels has garnered significant interest as biomaterial and drug delivery platforms for anti-infective applications. For decades antimicrobial peptides have been heralded as a much needed new class of antimicrobial drugs. Self-assembling peptide hydrogels with inherent antimicrobial ability have recently come to the fore. However, their fundamental antimicrobial properties, selectivity and mechanism of action are relatively undefined. This review attempts to establish a link between antimicrobial efficacy; the self-assembly process; peptide-membrane interactions and mechanical properties by studying several reported peptide systems: β-hairpin/β-loop peptides; multidomain peptides; amphiphilic surfactant-like peptides and ultrashort/low molecular weight peptides. We also explore their role in the formation of amyloid plaques and the potential for an infection etiology in diseases such as Alzheimer's. We look briefly at innovative methods of gel characterization. These may provide useful tools for future studies within this increasingly important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Cross
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, N. Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Sophie M Coulter
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, N. Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Sreekanth Pentlavalli
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, N. Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Garry Laverty
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, N. Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK.
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17
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Wang JT, Rodrigo AC, Patterson AK, Hawkins K, Aly MMS, Sun J, Al Jamal KT, Smith DK. Enhanced Delivery of Neuroactive Drugs via Nasal Delivery with a Self-Healing Supramolecular Gel. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101058. [PMID: 34029010 PMCID: PMC8292877 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the use of a self-assembling hydrogel as a delivery vehicle for the Parkinson's disease drug l-DOPA. Based on a two-component combination of an l-glutamine amide derivative and benzaldehyde, this gel has very soft rheological properties and self-healing characteristics. It is demonstrated that the gel can be formulated to encapsulate l-DOPA. These drug-loaded gels are characterized, and rapid release of the drug is obtained from the gel network. This drug-loaded hydrogel has appropriate rheological characteristics to be amenable for injection. This system is therefore tested as a vehicle for nasal delivery of neurologically-active drugs-a drug delivery strategy that can potentially avoid first pass liver metabolism and bypass the blood-brain barrier, hence enhancing brain uptake. In vitro tests indicate that the gel has biocompatibility with respect to nasal epithelial cells. Furthermore, animal studies demonstrate that the nasal delivery of a gel loaded with 3 H-labeled l-DOPA out-performed a simple intranasal l-DOPA solution. This is attributed to longer residence times of the gel in the nasal cavity resulting in increased blood and brain concentrations. It is demonstrated that the likely routes of brain penetration of intranasally-delivered l-DOPA gel involve the trigeminal and olfactory nerves connecting to other brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Tzu‐Wen Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and MedicineKing's College London150 Stamford streetLondonSE1 9NHUK
| | - Ana C. Rodrigo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | | | - Kirsten Hawkins
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Mazen M. S. Aly
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and MedicineKing's College London150 Stamford streetLondonSE1 9NHUK
| | - Jia Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and MedicineKing's College London150 Stamford streetLondonSE1 9NHUK
| | - Khuloud T. Al Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and MedicineKing's College London150 Stamford streetLondonSE1 9NHUK
| | - David K. Smith
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
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18
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Alenaizan A, Borca CH, Karunakaran SC, Kendall AK, Stubbs G, Schuster GB, Sherrill CD, Hud NV. X-ray Fiber Diffraction and Computational Analyses of Stacked Hexads in Supramolecular Polymers: Insight into Self-Assembly in Water by Prospective Prebiotic Nucleobases. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6079-6094. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asem Alenaizan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Carlos H. Borca
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Suneesh C. Karunakaran
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Amy K. Kendall
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Gerald Stubbs
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Gary B. Schuster
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - C. David Sherrill
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0765, United States
| | - Nicholas V. Hud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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19
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Piras CC, Kay AG, Genever PG, Smith DK. Self-assembled low-molecular-weight gelator injectable microgel beads for delivery of bioactive agents. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3958-3965. [PMID: 34163666 PMCID: PMC8179440 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06296k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the preparation of hybrid self-assembled microgel beads by combining the low molecular weight gelator (LMWG) DBS-CONHNH2 and the natural polysaccharide calcium alginate polymer gelator (PG). Microgel formulations based on LMWGs are extremely rare due to the fragility of the self-assembled networks and the difficulty of retaining any imposed shape. Our hybrid beads contain interpenetrated LMWG and PG networks, and are obtained by an emulsion method, allowing the preparation of spherical gel particles of controllable sizes with diameters in the mm or μm range. Microgels based on LMWG/alginate can be easily prepared with reproducible diameters <1 μm (ca. 800 nm). They are stable in water at room temperature for many months, and survive injection through a syringe. The rapid assembly of the LMWG on cooling plays an active role in helping control the diameter of the microgel beads. These LMWG microbeads retained the ability of the parent gel to deliver the bioactive molecule heparin, and in cell culture medium this enhanced the growth of human mesenchymal stem cells. Such microgels may therefore have future applications in tissue repair. This approach to fabricating LMWG microgels is a platform technology, which could potentially be applied to a variety of different functional LMWGs, and hence has wide-ranging potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Piras
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Alasdair G Kay
- Department of Biology, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Paul G Genever
- Department of Biology, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - David K Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
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20
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Adams V, Cameron J, Wallace M, Draper ER. Mechanoresponsive Self-Assembled Perylene Bisimide Films. Chemistry 2020; 26:9879-9882. [PMID: 32484600 PMCID: PMC7522684 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, self-assembled amino-acid appended perylene bisimides (PBIs) have been studied that when processed into thin films change their resistivity in response to being bent. The PBIs assemble into structures in water and form thin films upon drying. These normally delicate thin films can be tolerant to bending, depending on the aggregates they form. Furthermore, the films then reversibly change their resistivity in response to this mechanical stimulus. This change is proportional to the degree of bending of the film giving them the potential to be used quantitatively to measure mechanical movement, such as in wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Adams
- School of ChemistryUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Joseph Cameron
- School of ChemistryUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
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21
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Thomson L, Schweins R, Draper ER, Adams DJ. Creating Transient Gradients in Supramolecular Hydrogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000093. [PMID: 32297369 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of low molecular weight gelators in water usually produces homogeneous hydrogels. However, homogeneous gels are not always desired. Using a photoacid generator, it is shown how to form gels with a transient gradient in stiffness, proved using cavitation and bulk rheology. Small-angle neutron scattering is used to show that the gels formed by photoacid are the result of the same structures as when using a conventional pH trigger. Patterned gels can also be formed, again with transient differences in stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Thomson
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Large Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 GRENOBLE, Cedex 9, France
| | - Emily R Draper
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland
| | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland
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22
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Sun B, Ariawan AD, Warren H, Goodchild SC, In Het Panhuis M, Ittner LM, Martin AD. Programmable enzymatic oxidation of tyrosine-lysine tetrapeptides. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:3104-3112. [PMID: 32207762 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00250j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to control the response of self-assembled systems upon exposure to external stimuli has been a long-standing goal of supramolecular chemistry. Short peptides are an attractive platform to realise this objective due to their chemical diversity and modular nature. Here, we synthesise a library of Fmoc-capped tetrapeptides, each containing two tyrosine and two lysine residues and varying in their amino acid sequence. Despite having similar secondary structure, these tetrapeptides form structures which are highly sequence dependent, yielding aggregates, nanofibres or monomers. This in turn highly affects the rate and degree of oxidative polymerisation by the enzyme tyrosinase, with self-assembled nanofibres exhibiting a greater degree of polymerisation. We monitor the formation of tyrosine oxidation products over time, finding that the precipitation of polymers is driven by quinone-based species. This affects the electrochemical properties of the oxidised peptide polymers, as determined through electrical impedance spectroscopy. Finally, intrinsic fluorescence microscale thermophoresis studies confirm that the degree of oxidative polymerisation is highly dependent on tyrosine solvent accessibility and the presence of peptide monomers. The ability to tune the kinetics of enzymatically active substrates and understand their polymerisation pathways on a molecular level is important for the creation of programmable, enzyme responsive biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Sun
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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23
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Abstract
AbstractElectrochemical hydrogel fabrication is the process of preparing hydrogels directly on to an electrode surface. There are a variety of methods to fabricate hydrogels, which are specific to the type of gelator and the desired properties of the hydrogel. A range of analytical methods that can track this gelation and characterise the final properties are discussed in this short review.
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24
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Edkins RM, Appel M, Seydel T, Edkins K. The modifying effect of supramolecular gel fibres on the diffusion of paracetamol and ibuprofen sodium on the picosecond timescale. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10838-10844. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01240h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quasi-elastic neutron spectroscopy reveals that model drug molecules diffuse faster in a supramolecular gel than in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Edkins
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Thomas Graham Building
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow G1 1XL
- UK
| | - Markus Appel
- Institut Max von Laue – Paul Langevin (ILL)
- F-38042 Grenoble
- France
| | - Tilo Seydel
- Institut Max von Laue – Paul Langevin (ILL)
- F-38042 Grenoble
- France
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PT
- UK
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25
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Draper ER, Wilbraham L, Adams DJ, Wallace M, Schweins R, Zwijnenburg MA. Insight into the self-assembly of water-soluble perylene bisimide derivatives through a combined computational and experimental approach. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:15917-15928. [PMID: 31414112 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03898a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We use a combination of computational and experimental techniques to study the self-assembly and gelation of water-soluble perylene bisimides derivatised at the imide position with an amino acid. Specifically, we study the likely structure of self-assembled aggregates of the alanine-functionalised perylene bisimide (PBI-A) and the thermodynamics of their formation using density functional theory and predict the UV-vis spectra of such aggregates using time-dependent density functional theory. We compare these predictions to experiments in which we study the evolution of the UV-Vis and NMR spectra and the rheology and neutron scattering of alkaline PBI-A solutions when gradually decreasing the pH. Based on the combined computational and experimental results, we show that PBI-A self-assembles at all pH values but that aggregates grow in size upon protonation. Hydrogel formation is driven not by aggregate growth but reduction of the aggregation surface-charge and a decrease in the colloidal stability of the aggregation with respect to agglomeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Draper
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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26
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Piras CC, Smith DK. Sequential Assembly of Mutually Interactive Supramolecular Hydrogels and Fabrication of Multi-Domain Materials. Chemistry 2019; 25:11318-11326. [PMID: 31237367 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A two-component self-sorting hydrogel based on acylhydrazide and carboxylic acid derivatives of 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene-d-sorbitol (DBS-CONHNH2 and DBS-COOH) is reported. A heating-cooling cycle induces the self-assembly of DBS-CONHNH2 , followed by the self-assembly of DBS-COOH induced by decreasing pH. Although the networks are formed sequentially, there is spectroscopic evidence of interactions between them, which impact on the mechanical properties and significantly enhance the ability of these low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) to form gels when mixed. The DBS-COOH network can be switched "off" and "on" within the two-component gel through a pH change. By using a photo-acid generator, the two-component gel can be prepared combining the thermal trigger with photo-irradiation. Photo-patterned self-assembly of DBS-COOH within a pre-formed DBS-CONHNH2 gel under a mask yields spatially controlled multi-domain gels. Different gel domains can have different functions, for example, controlling the rate of release of heparin incorporated into the gel, or directing gold nanoparticle assembly. Such photo-patterned multi-component hydrogels have potential applications in regenerative medicine or bio-nano-electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Piras
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - David K Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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27
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Draper ER, Adams DJ. Controlling the Assembly and Properties of Low-Molecular-Weight Hydrogelators. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6506-6521. [PMID: 31038973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight gels are formed by the self-assembly of small molecules into fibrous networks that can immobilize a significant amount of solvent. Here, we focus on our work with a specific class of gelator, the functionalized dipeptide. We discuss the current state of the art in the area, focusing on how these materials can be controlled. We also highlight interesting and unusual observations and unanswered questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Draper
- School of Chemistry , University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 9AB , U.K
| | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry , University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 9AB , U.K
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28
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Debnath S, Roy S, Abul‐Haija YM, Frederix PWJM, Ramalhete SM, Hirst AR, Javid N, Hunt NT, Kelly SM, Angulo J, Khimyak YZ, Ulijn RV. Tunable Supramolecular Gel Properties by Varying Thermal History. Chemistry 2019; 25:7881-7887. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sisir Debnath
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
- Current Address: Department of ChemistrySerampore College 9, William Carey Sarani Serampore, Hooghly West Bengal Pin-712201 India
| | - Sangita Roy
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Yousef M. Abul‐Haija
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
- Current Address: WestCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Pim W. J. M. Frederix
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
- SUPADepartment of PhysicsUniversity of Strathclyde 107 Rottenrow East Glasgow G4 0NG UK
| | - Susana M. Ramalhete
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Andrew R. Hirst
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
- Current Address: Department of ChemistryUniversity of York York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Nadeem Javid
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
- Current Address: School of Chemistry and BiosciencesUniversity of Bradford Bradford BD7 1DP UK
| | - Neil T. Hunt
- SUPADepartment of PhysicsUniversity of Strathclyde 107 Rottenrow East Glasgow G4 0NG UK
- Current Address: Department of ChemistryUniversity of York York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Sharon M. Kelly
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems BiologyUniversity of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Jesús Angulo
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Yaroslav Z. Khimyak
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Rein V. Ulijn
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY) 85 St Nicholas Terrace New York 10031 USA
- Department of ChemistryHunter CollegeCity University of New York 695 Park Avenue New York 10065 USA
- Ph.D. programs in Biochemistry and ChemistryThe Graduate Center of the City University of New York New York 10016 USA
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29
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Barpaga D, Zheng J, Han KS, Soltis JA, Shutthanandan V, Basuray S, McGrail BP, Chatterjee S, Motkuri RK. Probing the Sorption of Perfluorooctanesulfonate Using Mesoporous Metal–Organic Frameworks from Aqueous Solutions. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8339-8346. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant Barpaga
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jian Zheng
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kee Sung Han
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Soltis
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Vaithiyalingam Shutthanandan
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sagnik Basuray
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - B. Peter McGrail
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sayandev Chatterjee
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Radha Kishan Motkuri
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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30
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Mason TO, Buell AK. The Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Mechanisms of Short Aromatic Peptide Self-Assembly. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1174:61-112. [PMID: 31713197 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9791-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of short aromatic peptides and peptide derivatives into a variety of different nano- and microstructures (fibrillar gels, crystals, spheres, plates) is a promising route toward the creation of bio-compatible materials with often unexpected and useful properties. Furthermore, such simple self-assembling systems have been proposed as model systems for the self-assembly of longer peptides, a process that can be linked to biological function and malfunction. Much effort has been made in the last 15 years to explore the space of peptide sequences, chemical modifications and solvent conditions in order to maximise the diversity of assembly morphologies and properties. However, quantitative studies of the corresponding mechanisms of, and driving forces for, peptide self-assembly have remained relatively scarce until recently. In this chapter we review the current state of understanding of the thermodynamic driving forces and self-assembly mechanisms of short aromatic peptides into supramolecular structures. We will focus on experimental studies of the assembly process and our perspective will be centered around diphenylalanine (FF), a key motif of the amyloid β sequence and a paradigmatic self-assembly building block. Our main focus is the basic physical chemistry and key structural aspects of such systems, and we will also compare the mechanism of dipeptide aggregation with that of longer peptide sequences into amyloid fibrils, with discussion on how these mechanisms may be revealed through detailed analysis of growth kinetics, thermodynamics and other fundamental properties of the aggregation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O Mason
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander K Buell
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Lyngby, Denmark.
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31
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Draper ER, Wallace M, Honecker D, Adams DJ. Aligning self-assembled perylene bisimides in a magnetic field. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10977-10980. [PMID: 30209449 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05968c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Photoconductive self-assembled 1D structures can be formed by perylene bisimides. These structures are generally randomly orientated, limiting their applications as conductive wires. Here, we show that magnetic fields can be used to create highly aligned, directionally-dependent thin films. This approach leads to well-aligned structures over large areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Draper
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, WESTChem, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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32
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Christ E, Collin D, Lamps JP, Mésini PJ. Variable temperature NMR of organogelators: the intensities of a single sample describe the full phase diagram. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:9644-9650. [PMID: 29582031 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00009c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organogelators constitute a numerous class of compounds, able to form gels in organic solvents. Their phase diagrams are useful to understand their mechanisms of formation and their stability, but their mapping is often a tedious task. We show that liquid NMR can simplify and quicken the acquisition of phase diagrams. In liquid NMR spectra of organogels, the visible signals of the gelator represent only its soluble fraction. The intensities increase with temperature, until the gel melts. Suitable normalization of these intensities yields the solubility as a function of temperature, which is sufficient to map the phase diagram. We verified it experimentally with three organogelators, chosen because independent authors have previously mapped out their phase diagram by other techniques including DSC and rheology. We show that the curves obtained by NMR superimpose with these diagrams. A variable temperature NMR experiment with a single sample can yield the phase diagram with sensitivity of the order of 0.01 wt%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Christ
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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33
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Wallace M, Adams DJ, Iggo JA. Titrations without the Additions: The Efficient Determination of pKa Values Using NMR Imaging Techniques. Anal Chem 2018; 90:4160-4166. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dave J. Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan A. Iggo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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34
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Mears LE, Draper ER, Castilla AM, Su H, Zhuola, Dietrich B, Nolan MC, Smith GN, Doutch J, Rogers S, Akhtar R, Cui H, Adams DJ. Drying Affects the Fiber Network in Low Molecular Weight Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3531-3540. [PMID: 28631478 PMCID: PMC5686561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight gels are formed by the self-assembly of a suitable small molecule gelator into a three-dimensional network of fibrous structures. The gel properties are determined by the fiber structures, the number and type of cross-links and the distribution of the fibers and cross-links in space. Probing these structures and cross-links is difficult. Many reports rely on microscopy of dried gels (xerogels), where the solvent is removed prior to imaging. The assumption is made that this has little effect on the structures, but it is not clear that this assumption is always (or ever) valid. Here, we use small angle neutron scattering (SANS) to probe low molecular weight hydrogels formed by the self-assembly of dipeptides. We compare scattering data for wet and dried gels, as well as following the drying process. We show that the assumption that drying does not affect the network is not always correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura
L. E. Mears
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Emily R. Draper
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry, WESTChem, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M. Castilla
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Hao Su
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Zhuola
- Department
of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, United Kingdom
| | - Bart Dietrich
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry, WESTChem, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C. Nolan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry, WESTChem, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory N. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - James Doutch
- STFC
ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Rogers
- STFC
ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Riaz Akhtar
- Department
of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, United Kingdom
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Dave J. Adams
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry, WESTChem, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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35
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Ardoña HAM, Draper ER, Citossi F, Wallace M, Serpell LC, Adams DJ, Tovar JD. Kinetically Controlled Coassembly of Multichromophoric Peptide Hydrogelators and the Impacts on Energy Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8685-8692. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily R. Draper
- School
of Chemistry, WESTChem, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Citossi
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Wallace
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Louise C. Serpell
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Dave J. Adams
- School
of Chemistry, WESTChem, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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37
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Draper ER, Wallace M, Schweins R, Poole RJ, Adams DJ. Nonlinear Effects in Multicomponent Supramolecular Hydrogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2387-2395. [PMID: 28191979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent low molecular weight gels are useful for a range of applications. However, when mixing two components, both of which can independently form a gel, there are many potential scenarios. There is a limited understanding as to how to control and direct the assembly. Here, we focus on a pH-triggered two-component system. At high pH, colloidal structures are formed, and there is a degree of mixing of the two gelators. As the pH is decreased, there is a complex situation, where one gelator directs the assembly in a "sergeants and soldiers" manner. The second gelator is not fully incorporated, and the remainder forms an independent network. The result is that there is a nonlinear dependence on the final mechanical properties of the gels, with the storage or loss modulus being very dependent on the absolute ratio of the two components in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Draper
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Matthew Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Large Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin , 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, F-38042 Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France
| | - Robert J Poole
- School of Engineering, University of Liverpool , Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GH, U.K
| | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
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38
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Wallace M, Iggo JA, Adams DJ. Probing the surface chemistry of self-assembled peptide hydrogels using solution-state NMR spectroscopy. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:1716-1727. [PMID: 28165092 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The surface chemistry of self-assembled hydrogel fibres - their charge, hydrophobicity and ion-binding dynamics - is recognised to play an important role in determining how the gels develop as well as their suitability for different applications. However, to date there are no established methodologies for the study of this surface chemistry. Here, we demonstrate how solution-state NMR spectroscopy can be employed to measure the surface chemical properties of the fibres in a range of hydrogels formed from N-functionalised dipeptides, an effective and versatile class of gelator that has attracted much attention. By studying the interactions with the gel fibres of a diverse range of probe molecules and ions, we can simultaneously study a number of surface chemical properties of the NMR invisible fibres in an essentially non-invasive manner. Our results yield fresh insights into the materials. Most notably, gel fibres assembled using different tiggering methods bear differing amounts of negative charge as a result of a partial deprotonation of the carboxylic acid groups of the gelators. We also demonstrate how chemical shift imaging (CSI) techniques can be applied to follow the formation of hydrogels along chemical gradients. We apply CSI to study the binding of Ca2+ and subsequent gelation of peptide assemblies at alkaline pH. Using metal ion-binding molecules as probes, we are able to detect the presence of bound Ca2+ ions on the surface of the gel fibres. We briefly explore how knowledge of the surface chemical properties of hydrogels could be used to inform their practical application in fields such as drug delivery and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Jonathan A Iggo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Dave J Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
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39
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Arnedo-Sánchez L, Nonappa N, Bhowmik S, Hietala S, Puttreddy R, Lahtinen M, De Cola L, Rissanen K. Rapid self-healing and anion selectivity in metallosupramolecular gels assisted by fluorine–fluorine interactions. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:7309-7316. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00983f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes from perfluoroalkylamide terpyridine self-assemble into anion selective gels, which manifest self-healing and thermal rearrangement in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nonappa Nonappa
- Molecular Materials Group
- Department of Applied Physics
- Aalto University School of Science
- Espoo
- Finland
| | - Sandip Bhowmik
- University of Jyvaskyla
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanoscience Center
- Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- University of Jyvaskyla
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanoscience Center
- Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - Manu Lahtinen
- University of Jyvaskyla
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanoscience Center
- Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - Luisa De Cola
- ISIS
- Université de Strasbourg and CNRS UMR 7006
- Strasbourg 67000
- France
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanoscience Center
- Jyväskylä
- Finland
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40
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Lee JH, Han KS, Lee JS, Lee AS, Park SK, Hong SY, Lee JC, Mueller KT, Hong SM, Koo CM. Facilitated Ion Transport in Smectic Ordered Ionic Liquid Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:9301-9307. [PMID: 27604816 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel ionic mixture of an imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquid containing ethylene-oxide-functionalized phosphite anions is fabricated, which, when doped with lithium salt, self-assembles into a smectic-ordered ionic liquid crystal through Coulombic interactions between the ion species. Interestingly, the smectic order in the ionic-liquid-crystal ionogel facilitates ionic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hong Lee
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, South Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Kee Sung Han
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Je Seung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Albert S Lee
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, South Korea
| | - Seo Kyung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Sung Yun Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Karl T Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Soon Man Hong
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, South Korea
- Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-350, South Korea
| | - Chong Min Koo
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, South Korea
- Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-350, South Korea
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41
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Castilla AM, Wallace M, Mears LLE, Draper ER, Doutch J, Rogers S, Adams DJ. On the syneresis of an OPV functionalised dipeptide hydrogel. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:7848-7854. [PMID: 27714311 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01194b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new dipeptide hydrogel based on an oligophenylene vinylene core. After gelation, the initial network evolves, expelling solvent and resulting in syneresis. We describe this process and the effects in the bulk properties of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Castilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Matthew Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Laura L E Mears
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Emily R Draper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - James Doutch
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Sarah Rogers
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Dave J Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
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42
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Draper ER, Lee JR, Wallace M, Jäckel F, Cowan AJ, Adams DJ. Self-sorted photoconductive xerogels. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6499-6505. [PMID: 28451108 PMCID: PMC5355952 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02644c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-sorting between n-type and p-type gelators results in effective visible-active photoconductive xerogels.
We show that a perylene bisimide (PBI)-based gelator forms self-sorted mixtures with a stilbene-based gelator. To form the self-sorted gels, we use a slow pH change induced by the hydrolysis of glucono-δ-lactone (GdL) to gluconic acid. We prove that self-sorting occurs using NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, rheology, and viscometry. The corresponding xerogels are photoconductive. Importantly, the wavelength dependence of the photoconductive films is different to that of the films formed from the perylene bisimide alone. Transient absorption spectroscopy of the xerogels reveals changes in the spectrum of the PBI on the picosecond timescale in the presence of stilbene with a PBI radical anion being formed within 10 ps when the stilbene is present. The ability to form the PBI radical anion under visible light leads to the enhanced spectral response of the multicomponent gels. These systems therefore have potential as useful visible-active optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Draper
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZD , UK .
| | - Jonathan R Lee
- Department of Physics , University of Liverpool , Oxford Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZE , UK.,Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy , University of Liverpool , Peach Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZF , UK
| | - Matthew Wallace
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZD , UK .
| | - Frank Jäckel
- Department of Physics , University of Liverpool , Oxford Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZE , UK.,Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy , University of Liverpool , Peach Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZF , UK
| | - Alexander J Cowan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZD , UK . .,Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy , University of Liverpool , Peach Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZF , UK
| | - Dave J Adams
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZD , UK .
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43
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Piana F, Case DH, Ramalhete SM, Pileio G, Facciotti M, Day GM, Khimyak YZ, Angulo J, Brown RCD, Gale PA. Correction: Substituent interference on supramolecular assembly in urea gelators: synthesis, structure prediction and NMR. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:5489. [PMID: 27254024 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm90091g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Correction for 'Substituent interference on supramolecular assembly in urea gelators: synthesis, structure prediction and NMR' by Francesca Piana et al., Soft Matter, 2016, 12, 4034-4043.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Piana
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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44
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Piana F, Case DH, Ramalhete SM, Pileio G, Facciotti M, Day GM, Khimyak YZ, Angulo J, Brown RCD, Gale PA. Substituent interference on supramolecular assembly in urea gelators: synthesis, structure prediction and NMR. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:4034-4043. [PMID: 27020261 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00607h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Eighteen N-aryl-N'-alkyl urea gelators were synthesised in order to understand the effect of head substituents on gelation performance. Minimum gelation concentration values obtained from gel formation studies were used to rank the compounds and revealed the remarkable performance of 4-methoxyphenyl urea gelator 15 in comparison to 4-nitrophenyl analogue 14, which could not be simply ascribed to substituent effects on the hydrogen bonding capabilities of the urea protons. Crystal structure prediction calculations indicated alternative low energy hydrogen bonding arrangements between the nitro group and urea protons in gelator 14, which were supported experimentally by NMR spectroscopy. As a consequence, it was possible to relate the observed differences to interference of the head substituents with the urea tape motif, disrupting the order of supramolecular packing. The combination of unbiased structure prediction calculations with NMR is proposed as a powerful approach to investigate the supramolecular arrangement in gel fibres and help understand the relationships between molecular structure and gel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Piana
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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45
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Liu K, Li H, Lu Y, Wang R, Bei F, Lu L, Han Q, Wu X. A completely controlled sphere-to-bilayer micellar transition: the molecular mechanism and application on the growth of nanosheets. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:3703-3709. [PMID: 26996652 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00003g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The combination of a simple modification of the sample addition method to generate a sort of continuously accumulated external stimulation with only minute increments in amplitude and the introduction of probe molecules (herein aniline) within the micelle allow the direct continuous in situ spectroscopic monitoring of possible micellar transitions. In this way, a sphere-to-ellipsoid and further an ellipsoid-to-bilayer micellar transition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) induced by camphor sulfuric acid (CSA) is observed to experience four stages in the time sequence: (i) the accumulated protons released from CSA in the hydration layer of the micelle stimulate the rearrangement of SDS micelles; (ii) the micelles transform into ellipsoidal shapes as evidenced by the characteristic chemical shift anisotropy and the corresponding molecular dynamic properties from probe molecules; (iii) further protonation of aniline induces the micelle to turn into lamellar structures; (iv) aniline is freed from the micelle while leaving the SDS bilayers undistorted. Moreover, polyaniline nanosheets incorporating SDS bilayers in sandwich structures, which can display excellent capacitive behavior at relatively high current densities for the fabricated supercapacitors, are prepared from the aniline oriented by the bending energy of the SDS bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Huanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Ruijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Fengli Bei
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Lude Lu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Qiaofeng Han
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China.
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46
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Angulo-Pachón CA, Gascó-Catalán C, Ojeda-Flores JJ, Miravet JF. Improved Efficiency of Molecular-Gel Formation by Adjusting Preorganization of Amino-Acid-Derived Flexible Molecules: A NMR and Thermodynamic study. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:2008-12. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- César A. Angulo-Pachón
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica; Universitat Jaume I; Avda. Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Carolina Gascó-Catalán
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica; Universitat Jaume I; Avda. Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Juan J. Ojeda-Flores
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica; Universitat Jaume I; Avda. Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Juan F. Miravet
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica; Universitat Jaume I; Avda. Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón Spain
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47
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Cornwell DJ, Daubney OJ, Smith DK. Photopatterned Multidomain Gels: Multi-Component Self-Assembled Hydrogels Based on Partially Self-Sorting 1,3:2,4-Dibenzylidene-d-sorbitol Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15486-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Cornwell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K
| | - Oliver J. Daubney
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K
| | - David K. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K
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48
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Draper ER, Mears LLE, Castilla AM, King SM, McDonald TO, Akhtar R, Adams DJ. Using the hydrolysis of anhydrides to control gel properties and homogeneity in pH-triggered gelation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22253b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of pH change does not affect the primary assembly of a gelator, but does control the mechanical properties of the gel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephen M. King
- ISIS Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Didcot
- UK
| | | | - Riaz Akhtar
- Centre for Materials and Structures
- School of Engineering
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 3GH
- UK
| | - Dave J. Adams
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
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