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Affrald R J, Narayan S. A review: oligodendrocytes in neuronal axonal conduction and methods for enhancing their performance. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38850232 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2362200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review explores the vital role of oligodendrocytes in axon myelination and efficient neuronal transmission and the impact of dysfunction resulting from neurotransmitter deficiencies related disorders. Furthermore, the review also provides insight into the potential of bionanotechnology for addressing neurodegenerative diseases by targeting oligodendrocytes. METHODS A review of literature in the field was conducted using Google scholar. Systematic searches were performed to identify relevant studies and reviews addressing the role of oligodendrocytes in neural function, the influence of neurotransmitters on oligodendrocyte differentiation, and the potential of nanotechnology-based strategies for targeted therapy of oligodendrocytes. RESULTS This review indicates the mechanisms underlying oligodendrocyte differentiation and the influence of neurotransmitters on this process. The importance of action potentials and neurotransmission in neural function and the susceptibility of damaged nerve axons to ischemic or toxic damage is provided in detail. The potential of bionanotechnology for targeting neurodegenerative diseases using nanotechnology-based strategies, including polymeric, lipid-based, inorganic, organic, and biomimetic nanoparticles, suggests better management of neurodegenerative disorders. CONCLUSION While nanotechnology-based biomaterials show promise for targeted oligodendrocyte therapy in addressing neurodegenerative disorders linked to oligodendrocyte dysfunction, encapsulating neuroprotective agents within nanoparticles offers additional advantages. Nano-based delivery systems effectively protect drugs from degradation and prolong their therapeutic effects, holding promise in overcoming the blood-brain barrier by facilitating drug transport. However, a multifaceted approach is essential to enhance oligodendrocyte differentiation, promote myelin repair, and facilitate myelin dynamics with reduced toxicity. Further research is needed to elucidate the optimal therapeutic approaches and enhance patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jino Affrald R
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shoba Narayan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamilnadu, India
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2
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Sabourian P, Frounchi M, Kiani S, Mashayekhan S, Kheirabadi MZ, Heydari Y, Ashraf SS. Targeting reactive astrocytes by pH-responsive ligand-bonded polymeric nanoparticles in spinal cord injury. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1842-1855. [PMID: 36689118 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In spinal cord injuries, axonal regeneration decreases with the activation of astrocytes followed by glial scar formation. Targeting reactive astrocytes has been recently performed by unsafe viral vectors to inhibit gliosis. In the current study, biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles were selected as an alternative for viruses to target reactive astrocytes for further drug/gene delivery applications. Lipopolysaccharide-bonded chitosan-quantum dots/poly acrylic acid nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method to target reactive astrocytes both in vitro and in spinal cord-injured rats. Owing to their biocompatibility and pH-responsive behavior, chitosan and poly acrylic acid were the main components of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were then chemically labeled with quantum dots to track the cell uptake and electrostatically interacted with lipopolysaccharide as a targeting ligand. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed in triplicate and all data were expressed as the mean ± the standard error of the mean. Smart nanoparticles with optimum size (61.9 nm) and surface charge (+ 12.5 mV) successfully targeted primary reactive astrocytes extracted from the rat cerebral cortex. In vitro studies represented high cell viability (96%) in the exposure of biocompatible nanoparticles. The pH-responsive behavior of nanoparticles was proved by their internalization into the cell's nuclei due to the swelling and endosomal escape of nanoparticles in acidic pH. In vivo studies demonstrated higher transfection of nanoparticles into reactive astrocytes compared to the neurons. pH-responsive ligand-bonded chitosan-based nanoparticles are good alternatives for viral vectors in targeted delivery applications for the treatment of spinal cord injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Sabourian
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Frounchi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sahar Kiani
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Mashayekhan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Zarei Kheirabadi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Heydari
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ashraf
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, Tehran, Iran
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Dennison R, Usuga E, Chen H, Paul JZ, Arbelaez CA, Teng YD. Direct Cell Reprogramming and Phenotypic Conversion: An Analysis of Experimental Attempts to Transform Astrocytes into Neurons in Adult Animals. Cells 2023; 12:618. [PMID: 36831283 PMCID: PMC9954435 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) repair after injury or disease remains an unresolved problem in neurobiology research and an unmet medical need. Directly reprogramming or converting astrocytes to neurons (AtN) in adult animals has been investigated as a potential strategy to facilitate brain and spinal cord recovery and advance fundamental biology. Conceptually, AtN strategies rely on forced expression or repression of lineage-specific transcription factors to make endogenous astrocytes become "induced neurons" (iNs), presumably without re-entering any pluripotent or multipotent states. The AtN-derived cells have been reported to manifest certain neuronal functions in vivo. However, this approach has raised many new questions and alternative explanations regarding the biological features of the end products (e.g., iNs versus neuron-like cells, neural functional changes, etc.), developmental biology underpinnings, and neurobiological essentials. For this paper per se, we proposed to draw an unconventional distinction between direct cell conversion and direct cell reprogramming, relative to somatic nuclear transfer, based on the experimental methods utilized to initiate the transformation process, aiming to promote a more in-depth mechanistic exploration. Moreover, we have summarized the current tactics employed for AtN induction, comparisons between the bench endeavors concerning outcome tangibility, and discussion of the issues of published AtN protocols. Lastly, the urgency to clearly define/devise the theoretical frameworks, cell biological bases, and bench specifics to experimentally validate primary data of AtN studies was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Dennison
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Laboratory of SCI, Stem Cell and Recovery Neurobiology Research, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Mass General Brigham, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Esteban Usuga
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Laboratory of SCI, Stem Cell and Recovery Neurobiology Research, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Mass General Brigham, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harriet Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Laboratory of SCI, Stem Cell and Recovery Neurobiology Research, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Mass General Brigham, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jacob Z. Paul
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Laboratory of SCI, Stem Cell and Recovery Neurobiology Research, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Mass General Brigham, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christian A. Arbelaez
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Laboratory of SCI, Stem Cell and Recovery Neurobiology Research, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Mass General Brigham, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yang D. Teng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Laboratory of SCI, Stem Cell and Recovery Neurobiology Research, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Mass General Brigham, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Neurotrauma Recovery Research, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Mass General Brigham, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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4
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Khan SU, Khan MU, Khan MI, Kalsoom F, Zahra A. Current Landscape and Emerging Opportunities of Gene Therapy with Non-viral Episomal Vectors. Curr Gene Ther 2023; 23:135-147. [PMID: 36200188 DOI: 10.2174/1566523222666221004100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has proven to be extremely beneficial in the management of a wide range of genetic disorders for which there are currently no or few effective treatments. Gene transfer vectors are very significant in the field of gene therapy. It is possible to attach a non-viral attachment vector to the donor cell chromosome instead of integrating it, eliminating the negative consequences of both viral and integrated vectors. It is a safe and optimal express vector for gene therapy because it does not cause any adverse effects. However, the modest cloning rate, low expression, and low clone number make it unsuitable for use in gene therapy. Since the first generation of non-viral attachment episomal vectors was constructed, various steps have been taken to regulate their expression and stability, such as truncating the MAR element, lowering the amount of CpG motifs, choosing appropriate promoters and utilizing regulatory elements. This increases the transfection effectiveness of the non-viral attachment vector while also causing it to express at a high level and maintain a high level of stability. A vector is a genetic construct commonly employed in gene therapy to treat various systemic disorders. This article examines the progress made in the development of various optimization tactics for nonviral attachment vectors and the future applications of these vectors in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safir Ullah Khan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Munir Ullah Khan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230027,People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, District Headquarters Hospital Jhang 35200, Punjab Province, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
| | - Fadia Kalsoom
- Department of Pathology, District Headquarters Hospital Jhang 35200, Punjab Province, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
| | - Aqeela Zahra
- Department of Family and Community Medicine. College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Gong S, Shao H, Cai X, Zhu J. Astrocyte-Derived Neuronal Transdifferentiation as a Therapy for Ischemic Stroke: Advances and Challenges. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091175. [PMID: 36138912 PMCID: PMC9497100 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After the onset of ischemic stroke, ischemia–hypoxic cascades cause irreversible neuronal death. Neurons are the fundamental structures of the central nervous system, and mature neurons do not renew or multiply after death. Functional and structural recovery from neurological deficits caused by ischemic attack is a huge task. Hence, there remains a need to replace the lost neurons relying on endogenous neurogenesis or exogenous stem cell-based neuronal differentiation. However, the stem cell source difficulty and the risk of immune rejection of the allogeneic stem cells might hinder the wide clinical application of the above therapy. With the advancement of transdifferentiation induction technology, it has been demonstrated that astrocytes can be converted to neurons through ectopic expression or the knockdown of specific components. The progress and problems of astrocyte transdifferentiation will be discussed in this article.
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6
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Soltani Dehnavi S, Eivazi Zadeh Z, Harvey AR, Voelcker NH, Parish CL, Williams RJ, Elnathan R, Nisbet DR. Changing Fate: Reprogramming Cells via Engineered Nanoscale Delivery Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108757. [PMID: 35396884 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of nanotechnology in regenerative medicine is at the nexus of fundamental innovations and early-stage breakthroughs, enabling exciting biomedical advances. One of the most exciting recent developments is the use of nanoscale constructs to influence the fate of cells, which are the basic building blocks of healthy function. Appropriate cell types can be effectively manipulated by direct cell reprogramming; a robust technique to manipulate cellular function and fate, underpinning burgeoning advances in drug delivery systems, regenerative medicine, and disease remodeling. Individual transcription factors, or combinations thereof, can be introduced into cells using both viral and nonviral delivery systems. Existing approaches have inherent limitations. Viral-based tools include issues of viral integration into the genome of the cells, the propensity for uncontrollable silencing, reduced copy potential and cell specificity, and neutralization via the immune response. Current nonviral cell reprogramming tools generally suffer from inferior expression efficiency. Nanomaterials are increasingly being explored to address these challenges and improve the efficacy of both viral and nonviral delivery because of their unique properties such as small size and high surface area. This review presents the state-of-the-art research in cell reprogramming, focused on recent breakthroughs in the deployment of nanomaterials as cell reprogramming delivery tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Soltani Dehnavi
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Health & Medicine, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Research School of Chemistry, ANU College of Science, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ANU College of Engineering & Computer Science, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Zahra Eivazi Zadeh
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alan R Harvey
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, and Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Clare L Parish
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Richard J Williams
- iMPACT, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Roey Elnathan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- iMPACT, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - David R Nisbet
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Health & Medicine, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Research School of Chemistry, ANU College of Science, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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7
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Generation of a Pure Culture of Neuron-like Cells with a Glutamatergic Phenotype from Mouse Astrocytes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040928. [PMID: 35453678 PMCID: PMC9031297 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte-to-neuron reprogramming is a promising therapeutic approach for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The use of small molecules as an alternative to the virus-mediated ectopic expression of lineage-specific transcription factors negates the tumorigenic risk associated with viral genetic manipulation and uncontrolled differentiation of stem cells. However, because previously developed methods for small-molecule reprogramming of astrocytes to neurons are multistep, complex, and lengthy, their applications in biomedicine, including clinical treatment, are limited. Therefore, our objective in this study was to develop a novel chemical-based approach to the cellular reprogramming of astrocytes into neurons with high efficiency and low complexity. To accomplish that, we used C8-D1a, a mouse astrocyte cell line, to assess the role of small molecules in reprogramming protocols that otherwise suffer from inconsistencies caused by variations in donor of the primary cell. We developed a new protocol by which a chemical mixture formulated with Y26732, DAPT, RepSox, CHIR99021, ruxolitinib, and SAG rapidly and efficiently induced the neural reprogramming of astrocytes in four days, with a conversion efficiency of 82 ± 6%. Upon exposure to the maturation medium, those reprogrammed cells acquired a glutaminergic phenotype over the next eleven days. We also demonstrated the neuronal functionality of the induced cells by confirming KCL-induced calcium flux.
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8
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Tasset A, Bellamkonda A, Wang W, Pyatnitskiy I, Ward D, Peppas N, Wang H. Overcoming barriers in non-viral gene delivery for neurological applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3698-3719. [PMID: 35195645 PMCID: PMC9036591 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06939j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy for neurological disorders has attracted significant interest as a way to reverse or stop various disease pathologies. Typical gene therapies involving the central and peripheral nervous system make use of adeno-associated viral vectors whose questionable safety and limitations in manufacturing has given rise to extensive research into non-viral vectors. While early research studies have demonstrated limited efficacy with these non-viral vectors, investigation into various vector materials and functionalization methods has provided insight into ways to optimize these non-viral vectors to improve desired characteristics such as improved blood-brain barrier transcytosis, improved perfusion in brain region, enhanced cellular uptake and endosomal escape in neural cells, and nuclear transport of genetic material post- intracellular delivery. Using a combination of various strategies to enhance non-viral vectors, research groups have designed multi-functional vectors that have been successfully used in a variety of pre-clinical applications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, brain cancers, and cellular reprogramming for neuron replacement. While more work is needed in the design of these multi-functional non-viral vectors for neural applications, much of the groundwork has been done and is reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Tasset
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Arjun Bellamkonda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Ilya Pyatnitskiy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Deidra Ward
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Nicholas Peppas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Chen F, Song N, Xie J. In vivo Direct Conversion of Astrocytes to Neurons Maybe a Potential Alternative Strategy for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:689276. [PMID: 34408642 PMCID: PMC8366583 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.689276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Partly because of extensions in lifespan, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing, while there is no effective approach to slow or prevent neuronal degeneration. As we all know, neurons cannot self-regenerate and may not be replaced once being damaged or degenerated in human brain. Astrocytes are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and proliferate once CNS injury or neurodegeneration occur. Actually, direct reprogramming astrocytes into functional neurons has been attracting more and more attention in recent years. Human astrocytes can be successfully converted into neurons in vitro. Notably, in vivo direct reprogramming of astrocytes into functional neurons were achieved in the adult mouse and non-human primate brains. In this review, we briefly summarized in vivo direct reprogramming of astrocytes into functional neurons as regenerative strategies for CNS diseases, mainly focusing on neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Huntington’s disease (HD). We highlight and outline the advantages and challenges of direct neuronal reprogramming from astrocytes in vivo for future neuroregenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcui Wang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Song
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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10
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Zhang X, Chen F, Wang Y. Commentary: In vivo Neuroregeneration to Treat Ischemic Stroke Through NeuroD1 AAV-Based Gene Therapy in Adult Non-human Primates. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:648020. [PMID: 34124038 PMCID: PMC8194073 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Youcui Wang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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11
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Papa S, Veneruso V, Mauri E, Cremonesi G, Mingaj X, Mariani A, De Paola M, Rossetti A, Sacchetti A, Rossi F, Forloni G, Veglianese P. Functionalized nanogel for treating activated astrocytes in spinal cord injury. J Control Release 2021; 330:218-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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12
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Lee JA, Ayat N, Sun Z, Tofilon PJ, Lu ZR, Camphausen K. Improving Radiation Response in Glioblastoma Using ECO/siRNA Nanoparticles Targeting DNA Damage Repair. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113260. [PMID: 33158243 PMCID: PMC7694254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of brain cancer and among the most lethal of human cancers. Radiation therapy is a mainstay in the standard of care for GBM, killing tumor cells by creating DNA damage. Inhibiting DNA damage repair (DDR) proteins enhances radiation therapy by not allowing tumor cells to repair the DNA damage caused by radiation. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the novel nanoparticle material, ECO, could be used to deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) to GBM tumor cells and temporarily reduce the production of DDR proteins to improve radiation therapy outcomes. SiRNAs can be designed to target an innumerable number of genes and with the right delivery vehicle can be used in a variety of disease settings. Our work provides support for the use of the novel ECO material for delivery of siRNA in GBM. Abstract Radiation therapy is a mainstay in the standard of care for glioblastoma (GBM), thus inhibiting the DNA damage response (DDR) is a major strategy to improve radiation response and therapeutic outcomes. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy holds immeasurable potential for the treatment of GBM, however delivery of the siRNA payload remains the largest obstacle for clinical implementation. Here we demonstrate the effectiveness of the novel nanomaterial, ECO (1-aminoethylimino[bis(N-oleoylcysteinylaminoethyl) propionamide]), to deliver siRNA targeting DDR proteins ataxia telangiectasia mutated and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNApk-cs) for the radiosensitzation of GBM in vitro and in vivo. ECO nanoparticles (NPs) were shown to efficiently deliver siRNA and silence target protein expression in glioma (U251) and glioma stem cell lines (NSC11, GBMJ1). Importantly, ECO NPs displayed no cytotoxicity and minimal silencing of genes in normal astrocytes. Treatment with ECO/siRNA NPs and radiation resulted in the prolonged presence of γH2AX foci, indicators of DNA damage, and increased radiosensitivity in all tumor cell lines. In vivo, intratumoral injection of ECO/siDNApk-cs NPs with radiation resulted in a significant increase in survival compared with injection of NPs alone. These data suggest the ECO nanomaterial can effectively deliver siRNA to more selectively target and radiosensitize tumor cells to improve therapeutic outcomes in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Lee
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (P.J.T.); (K.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nadia Ayat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44140, USA; (N.A.); (Z.S.); (Z.-R.L.)
| | - Zhanhu Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44140, USA; (N.A.); (Z.S.); (Z.-R.L.)
| | - Philip J. Tofilon
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (P.J.T.); (K.C.)
| | - Zheng-Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44140, USA; (N.A.); (Z.S.); (Z.-R.L.)
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (P.J.T.); (K.C.)
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Zhou X, Du J, Jia X. Effects of Hydrogel-Fiber on Cystic Cavity after Spinal Cord Injury. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:1070-1073. [PMID: 31946079 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects millions of people around the world, however, functional recovery is far from satisfying. The continuous emergence of biomaterials provides a new idea for the repair of SCI. Hydrogels can mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM), however, the unstable hydrogel shape limits its application. In this study, we evaluate the effect of hydrogel fiber (Polycaprolactone, PCL fiber was added to the hydrogel) on the recovery after SCI. 20 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: SCI+hydrogel group (H), SCI+hydrogel + PCL fiber group (HF), SCI group (SCI) and SHAM group (SHAM) and (N=5). SCI contusion injury was induced by a MASCIS Impactor (20g weight, 50cm high) at the T9 level in rats. Hydrogels or PCL fiber were administered into the SCI site one week after surgery. Periodical Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor score, spinal cord hematoxylin and eosin stain (HE) staining, and immunofluorescence staining were performed 28 days after the operation. HE staining showed that the average cystic cavity area in SCI (20.78 ±2.93 mm2) group was significantly higher than that in H group (6.54 ±0.85 mm2), HF group (5.06 ±0.76 mm2) and SHAM group (1.76 ±0.27 mm2) (P <; 0.001). There was no significant difference in BBB motor score among the HF group (16.80±1.10), SCI (14.20±1.09) and H group (15.00±1.23) (P > 0.05), except the sham group. Immunofluorescence showed higher NeuN positive cells in both the H group and the HF group. This preliminary result may indicate that PCL fiber optimized the strength of hydrogels, thus providing better support for the axon regeneration. Future investigation is needed to further characterize PCL fiber and elucidate related mechanisms.
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Vismara I, Papa S, Veneruso V, Mauri E, Mariani A, De Paola M, Affatato R, Rossetti A, Sponchioni M, Moscatelli D, Sacchetti A, Rossi F, Forloni G, Veglianese P. Selective Modulation of A1 Astrocytes by Drug-Loaded Nano-Structured Gel in Spinal Cord Injury. ACS NANO 2020; 14:360-371. [PMID: 31887011 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Astrogliosis has a very dynamic response during the progression of spinal cord injury, with beneficial or detrimental effects on recovery. It is therefore important to develop strategies to target activated astrocytes and their harmful molecular mechanisms so as to promote a protective environment to counteract the progression of the secondary injury. The challenge is to formulate an effective therapy with maximum protective effects, but reduced side effects. In this study, a functionalized nanogel-based nanovector was selectively internalized in activated mouse or human astrocytes. Rolipram, an anti-inflammatory drug, when administered by these nanovectors limited the inflammatory response in A1 astrocytes, reducing iNOS and Lcn2, which in turn reverses the toxic effect of proinflammatory astrocytes on motor neurons in vitro, showing advantages over conventionally administered anti-inflammatory therapy. When tested acutely in a spinal cord injury mouse model, it improved motor performance, but only in the early stage after injury, reducing the astrocytosis and preserving neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Vismara
- Department of Neuroscience , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milano , Italy
| | - Simonetta Papa
- Department of Neuroscience , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milano , Italy
| | - Valeria Veneruso
- Department of Neuroscience , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milano , Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" , Politecnico di Milano , via Mancinelli 7 , 20131 Milano , Italy
| | - Emanuele Mauri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" , Politecnico di Milano , via Mancinelli 7 , 20131 Milano , Italy
| | - Alessandro Mariani
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milan , Italy
| | - Massimiliano De Paola
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milan , Italy
| | - Roberta Affatato
- Department of Oncology , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milan , Italy
| | - Arianna Rossetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" , Politecnico di Milano , via Mancinelli 7 , 20131 Milano , Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" , Politecnico di Milano , via Mancinelli 7 , 20131 Milano , Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" , Politecnico di Milano , via Mancinelli 7 , 20131 Milano , Italy
| | - Alessandro Sacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" , Politecnico di Milano , via Mancinelli 7 , 20131 Milano , Italy
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" , Politecnico di Milano , via Mancinelli 7 , 20131 Milano , Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milano , Italy
| | - Pietro Veglianese
- Department of Neuroscience , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milano , Italy
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Aravantinou-Fatorou K, Thomaidou D. In Vitro Direct Reprogramming of Mouse and Human Astrocytes to Induced Neurons. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2155:41-61. [PMID: 32474866 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0655-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Direct neuronal reprogramming, rewiring the epigenetic and transcriptional network of a differentiated cell type to neuron, apart from being a very promising approach for the treatment of brain injury and neurodegeneration, also offers a prime opportunity to investigate the molecular underpinnings of neuronal cell fate determination, as the precise molecular mechanisms that establish neuronal fate and diversity at the transcriptional and epigenetic level are incompletely understood. Recent studies from a number of groups, including ours, have shown that astrocytes can be directly reprogrammed into functional neurons in vitro and in vivo following ectopic overexpression of combinations of transcription factors, neurogenic proteins, miRNAs, and small chemical molecules.In this chapter we describe the protocols for in vitro converting primary cortical astrocytes of mouse and human origin to induced neurons, through forced expression of two neurogenic molecules, either each one alone or in combination: the master regulatory bHLH proneural transcription factor NEUROGENIN-2 (NEUROG2) and the neurogenic protein CEND1. Forced expression of each one of the two neurogenic proteins in primary astrocytes via retroviral gene transfer results in their direct conversion to subtype-specific induced neurons, while simultaneous coexpression of both molecules drives them predominantly toward acquisition of a neural precursor cell (NPC) state. Although mouse and human astrocytes exhibit differences in their reprogramming rate and particular characteristics, they can both get efficiently in vitro transdifferentiated to NPCs and induced neurons upon NEUROG2 or/and CEND1 forced expression using the reprogramming protocols described in the chapter, presenting valuable cellular platforms for mechanistic studies and in vivo applications to restore neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Aravantinou-Fatorou
- Neural Stem Cells and Neuroimaging Group, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Thomaidou
- Neural Stem Cells and Neuroimaging Group, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece.
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16
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Rossi F, Papa S, Perale G, Veglianese P. How can nanovectors be used to treat spinal cord injury? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:3123-3125. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials & Chemical Engineering ‘Giulio Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Simonetta Papa
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute for Mechanical Engineering & Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, via Cantonale 2C, Galleria 2 6928 Manno, Switzerland
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental & Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pietro Veglianese
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
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17
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Cordeiro RA, Serra A, Coelho JF, Faneca H. Poly(β-amino ester)-based gene delivery systems: From discovery to therapeutic applications. J Control Release 2019; 310:155-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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18
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McCaughey-Chapman A, Connor B. Human Cortical Neuron Generation Using Cell Reprogramming: A Review of Recent Advances. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1674-1692. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy McCaughey-Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bronwen Connor
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Min S, Jin Y, Hou CY, Kim J, Green JJ, Kang TJ, Cho SW. Bacterial tRNase-Based Gene Therapy with Poly(β-Amino Ester) Nanoparticles for Suppressing Melanoma Tumor Growth and Relapse. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800052. [PMID: 29888531 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, a novel anticancer gene therapy with a bacterial tRNase gene, colicin D or virulence associated protein C (VapC), is suggested using biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles, such as poly(β-amino esters) (PBAEs) as carriers. These genes are meticulously selected, aiming at inhibiting translation in the recipients by hydrolyzing specific tRNA species. In terms of nanoparticles, out of 9 PBAE formulations, a leading polymer, (polyethylene oxide)4 -bis-amine end-capped poly(1,4-butanediol diacrylate-co-5-amino-1-pentanol) (B4S5E5), is identified that displays higher gene delivery efficacy to cancer cells compared with the leading commercial reagent Lipofectamine 2000. Interestingly, the B4S5E5 PBAE nanoparticles complexed with colicin D or VapC plasmid DNA induce significant toxicity highly specific to cancer cells by triggering apoptosis. In contrast, the PBAE nanoparticles do not induce these cytotoxic effects in noncancerous cells. In a mouse melanoma model of grafted murine B16-F10 cells, it is demonstrated that treatment with PBAE nanoparticles complexed with these tRNase genes significantly reduces tumor growth rate and delays tumor relapse. Moreover, increased stability of PBAE by PEGylation further enhances the therapeutic effect of tRNase gene treatment and improves survival of animals. This study highlights a nonviral gene therapy that is highly promising for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Min
- Department of Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhee Jin
- Department of Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Chen Yuan Hou
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Dongguk University-Seoul; Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Translational Tissue Engineering Center; Institute for Nanobiotechnology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD 21231 USA
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Translational Tissue Engineering Center; Institute for Nanobiotechnology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD 21231 USA
| | - Taek Jin Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Dongguk University-Seoul; Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
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20
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Gong L, Cao L, Shen Z, Shao L, Gao S, Zhang C, Lu J, Li W. Materials for Neural Differentiation, Trans-Differentiation, and Modeling of Neurological Disease. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705684. [PMID: 29573284 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuron regeneration from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) differentiation or somatic cells trans-differentiation is a promising approach for cell replacement in neurodegenerative diseases and provides a powerful tool for investigating neural development, modeling neurological diseases, and uncovering the mechanisms that underlie diseases. Advancing the materials that are applied in neural differentiation and trans-differentiation promotes the safety, efficiency, and efficacy of neuron regeneration. In the neural differentiation process, matrix materials, either natural or synthetic, not only provide a structural and biochemical support for the monolayer or three-dimensional (3D) cultured cells but also assist in cell adhesion and cell-to-cell communication. They play important roles in directing the differentiation of PSCs into neural cells and modeling neurological diseases. For the trans-differentiation of neural cells, several materials have been used to make the conversion feasible for future therapy. Here, the most current applications of materials for neural differentiation for PSCs, neuronal trans-differentiation, and neurological disease modeling is summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Gong
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lining Cao
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhenmin Shen
- The VIP Department, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Li Shao
- The VIP Department, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weida Li
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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21
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Li X, Tzeng SY, Zamboni CG, Koliatsos VE, Ming GL, Green JJ, Mao HQ. Enhancing oligodendrocyte differentiation by transient transcription activation via DNA nanoparticle-mediated transfection. Acta Biomater 2017; 54:249-258. [PMID: 28344151 PMCID: PMC5485910 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches to derive oligodendrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) need extended exposure of hPSCs to growth factors and small molecules, which limits their clinical application because of the lengthy culture time required and low generation efficiency of myelinating oligodendrocytes. Compared to extrinsic growth factors and molecules, oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation can be more effectively modulated by regulation of the cell transcription network. In the developing central nervous system (CNS), two basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, Olig1 and Olig2, are decisive in oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation. Olig2 plays a critical role in the specification of oligodendrocytes and Olig1 is crucial in promoting oligodendrocyte maturation. Recently viral vectors have been used to overexpress Olig2 and Olig1 in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) to induce the maturation of oligodendrocytes and enhance the remyelination activity in vivo. Because of the safety issues with viral vectors, including the insertional mutagenesis and potential tumor formation, non-viral transfection methods are preferred for clinical translation. Here we report a poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE)-based nanoparticle transfection method to deliver Olig1 and Olig2 into human fetal tissue-derived NSCs and demonstrate efficient oligodendrocyte differentiation following transgene expression of Olig1 and Olig2. This approach is potentially translatable for engineering stem cells to treat injured or diseased CNS tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Current protocols to derive oligodendrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) require lengthy culture time with low generation efficiencies of mature oligodendrocytes. We described a new approach to enhance oligodendrocyte differentiation through nanoparticle-mediated transcription modulation. We tested an effective transfection method using cell-compatible poly (β-amino ester) (PBAE)/DNA nanoparticles as gene carrier to deliver transcription factor Olig1 and Olig2 into human fetal tissue-derived neural stem/progenitor cells, and showed efficient oligodendrocyte differentiation following transgene expression of Olig1 and Olig2. We believe that this translatable approach can be applied to many other cell-based regenerative therapies as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Stephany Y Tzeng
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Camila Gadens Zamboni
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Vassilis E Koliatsos
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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22
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An N, Xu H, Gao WQ, Yang H. Direct Conversion of Somatic Cells into Induced Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 55:642-651. [PMID: 27981499 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The progressive loss and degeneration of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), as a result of traumas or diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's disease, stroke, and traumatic injury to the brain and spinal cord, can usually have devastating effects on quality of life. The current strategies available for treatments are described including drug delivery, surgery, electrical stimulation, and cell-based tissue engineering approaches. However, apart from cell-based therapy, other attempts are limited in improving clinical outcomes. Recently, stem cell and neural stem cell (NSC) in particular therapy has been proposed as an attractive and promising strategy for regenerative medicine due to their unique biological attributes, such as giving rise to neuronal lineage commitment in accordance with the neural development. Nevertheless, stem cell strategy still faces numerous challenges, including ethical issue, tumor formation, and graft rejection. Thus, seeking a more appropriate approach like direct reprogramming or lineage reprogramming is critical. Compared to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), direct lineage reprogramming of somatic cells to generate induced neurons (iNs) without undergoing a state of pluripotent still has several advantages such as short induction cycle, high transdifferentiation efficiency, no ethical concerns, and risk of neoplasia. On the basis of these advantages, cell reprogramming will hold great promise for therapeutic cell replacement, disease modeling establishment, drug screening, and personalized medicine. Here, we systematically review recent advances in somatic lineage reprogramming into iNs, including the identification of novel reprogramming factors, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the concerns exist, as well as the major challenges in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na An
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Huiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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