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Monsalve Y, Cruz-Pacheco AF, Orozco J. Red and near-infrared light-activated photoelectrochemical nanobiosensors for biomedical target detection. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:535. [PMID: 39141139 PMCID: PMC11324696 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) nanobiosensors integrate molecular (bio)recognition elements with semiconductor/plasmonic photoactive nanomaterials to produce measurable signals after light-induced reactions. Recent advancements in PEC nanobiosensors, using light-matter interactions, have significantly improved sensitivity, specificity, and signal-to-noise ratio in detecting (bio)analytes. Tunable nanomaterials activated by a wide spectral radiation window coupled to electrochemical transduction platforms have further improved detection by stabilizing and amplifying electrical signals. This work reviews PEC biosensors based on nanomaterials like metal oxides, carbon nitrides, quantum dots, and transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs), showing their superior optoelectronic properties and analytical performance for the detection of clinically relevant biomarkers. Furthermore, it highlights the innovative role of red light and NIR-activated PEC nanobiosensors in enhancing charge transfer processes, protecting them from biomolecule photodamage in vitro and in vivo applications. Overall, advances in PEC detection systems have the potential to revolutionize rapid and accurate measurements in clinical diagnostic applications. Their integration into miniaturized devices also supports the development of portable, easy-to-use diagnostic tools, facilitating point-of-care (POC) testing solutions and real-time monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeison Monsalve
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Andrés F Cruz-Pacheco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia.
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2
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Prabhakaran A, Jha KK, Sia RCE, Arellano Reyes RA, Sarangi NK, Kogut M, Guthmuller J, Czub J, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Keyes TE. Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconverting Liposomes: Mechanistic Insights into the Role of Membranes in Two-Dimensional TTA-UC. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29324-29337. [PMID: 38776974 PMCID: PMC11163426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) implemented in nanoparticle assemblies is of emerging interest in biomedical applications, including in drug delivery and imaging. As it is a bimolecular process, ensuring sufficient mobility of the sensitizer and annihilator to facilitate effective collision in the nanoparticle is key. Liposomes can provide the benefits of two-dimensional confinement and condensed concentration of the sensitizer and annihilator along with superior fluidity compared to other nanoparticle assemblies. They are also biocompatible and widely applied across drug delivery modalities. However, there are relatively few liposomal TTA-UC systems reported to date, so systematic studies of the influence of the liposomal environment on TTA-UC are currently lacking. Here, we report the first example of a BODIPY-based sensitizer TTA-UC system within liposomes and use this system to study TTA-UC generation and compare the relative intensity of the anti-Stokes signal for this system as a function of liposome composition and membrane fluidity. We report for the first time on time-resolved spectroscopic studies of TTA-UC in membranes. Nanosecond transient absorption data reveal the BODIPY-perylene dyad sensitizer has a long triplet lifetime in liposome with contributions from three triplet excited states, whose lifetimes are reduced upon coinclusion of the annihilator due to triplet-triplet energy transfer, to a greater extent than in solution. This indicates triplet energy transfer between the sensitizer and the annihilator is enhanced in the membrane system. Molecular dynamics simulations of the sensitizer and annihilator TTA collision complex are modeled in the membrane and confirm the co-orientation of the pair within the membrane structure and that the persistence time of the bound complex exceeds the TTA kinetics. Modeling also reliably predicted the diffusion coefficient for the sensitizer which matches closely with the experimental values from fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The relative intensity of the TTA-UC output across nine liposomal systems of different lipid compositions was explored to examine the influence of membrane viscosity on upconversion (UC). UC showed the highest relative intensity for the most fluidic membranes and the weakest intensity for highly viscous membrane compositions, including a phase separation membrane. Overall, our study reveals that the co-orientation of the UC pair within the membrane is crucial for effective TTA-UC within a biomembrane and that the intensity of the TTA-UC output can be tuned in liposomal nanoparticles by modifying the phase and fluidity of the liposome. These new insights will aid in the design of liposomal TTA-UC systems for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Prabhakaran
- School
of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Keshav Kumar Jha
- Research
Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Rengel Cane E. Sia
- Institute
of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics
and Mathematics, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ruben Arturo Arellano Reyes
- School
of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Nirod Kumar Sarangi
- School
of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Mateusz Kogut
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza
11/12, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Julien Guthmuller
- Institute
of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics
and Mathematics, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Czub
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza
11/12, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Research
Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- School
of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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3
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Yang Y, Li Y, Wang C, Wang Y, Ren Y, Wu J, Ju H, Chen Y. Ultra-Galactocation to Sialic Acid on Tumor Cells with A Penta-Functional Dendritic Probe for Enhanced Immune-Killing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319849. [PMID: 38439625 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Glycans on tumor cell surface have significant impacts in the immune-killing process. Here an ultra-galactocation to sialic acid (Sia) strategy is designed to hugely introduce galactose (Gal) to Sia and on tumor cells in vivo by using a penta-functional dendritic probe (Den@5F), which efficiently enhances the immune-killing of tumor cells. The Den@5F contains five different kinds of functional groups, including Gal, Cy5, amino, phenylboronic acid (PBA) and 4-(4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy) butanoate (mNB), which can be conveniently prepared through a two-step reaction. After injecting into the tumor-bearing mouse, Den@5F can efficiently block Sia through the specific recognition between PBA and Sia on tumor cells and hugely introduce Gal through the subsequent photo-crosslinking between mNB and amino groups to multiply conjugate excessive Den@5Fs. The comprehensively blocked Sia can prevent the immune escape, and the hugely introduced Gal can promote the immune stimulation of the immune cells, which lead to an efficient enhancement of the immune-killing. The proposed strategy provides a significant and promising tool to promote the clinical immunotherapy of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yiran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Caixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yuru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yunlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
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4
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Moon SH, Park TY, Cha HJ, Yang YJ. Photo-/thermo-responsive bioink for improved printability in extrusion-based bioprinting. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100973. [PMID: 38322663 PMCID: PMC10844750 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Extrusion-based bioprinting has demonstrated significant potential for manufacturing constructs, particularly for 3D cell culture. However, there is a greatly limited number of bioink candidates exploited with extrusion-based bioprinting, as they meet the opposing requirements for printability with indispensable rheological features and for biochemical functionality with desirable microenvironment. In this study, a blend of silk fibroin (SF) and iota-carrageenan (CG) was chosen as a cell-friendly printable material. The SF/CG ink exhibited suitable viscosity and shear-thinning properties, coupled with the rapid sol-gel transition of CG. By employing photo-crosslinking of SF, the printability with Pr value close to 1 and structural integrity of the 3D constructs were significantly improved within a matter of seconds. The printed constructs demonstrated a Young's modulus of approximately 250 kPa, making them suitable for keratinocyte and myoblast cell culture. Furthermore, the high cell adhesiveness and viability (maximum >98%) of the loaded cells underscored the considerable potential of this 3D culture scaffold applied for skin and muscle tissues, which can be easily manipulated using an extrusion-based bioprinter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Hyung Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoon Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Medical Science and Engineering, School of Convergence Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Inha University Hospital, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
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5
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Zhang M, Cheng J, Shen Z, He K, Zheng B. Red light-triggered release of ROS and carbon monoxide for combinational antibacterial application. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:1077-1086. [PMID: 38168810 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01829f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The abuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of a wide range of drug-resistant bacteria. To address the challenge of drug-resistant bacterial infections and related infectious diseases, several effective antibacterial strategies have been developed. To achieve enhanced therapeutic effects, combinational treatment approaches should be employed. With this in mind, a metal-organic framework (MOF) based nanoreactor with integrated photodynamic therapy (PDT) and gas therapy which can release reactive oxygen species (ROS) and carbon monoxide (CO) under red light irradiation has been developed. The release of ROS and CO under red light irradiation exerts a preferential antibacterial effect on Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacteria. The bactericidal effects of ROS and CO on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are better than ROS only, showing a combinational antibacterial effect. Furthermore, the fluorescence emission properties of porphyrin moieties can be leveraged for real-time tracking and imaging of the nanoreactors. The simple preparation procedures of this material further enhance its potential as a versatile and effective antibacterial candidate, thereby presenting a new strategy for PDT and gas combinational treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdan Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kewu He
- Imaging Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
| | - Bin Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China.
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6
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Liu CH, Liu MC, Jheng PR, Yu J, Fan YJ, Liang JW, Hsiao YC, Chiang CW, Bolouki N, Lee JW, Hsieh JH, Mansel BW, Chen YT, Nguyen HT, Chuang EY. Plasma-Derived Nanoclusters for Site-Specific Multimodality Photo/Magnetic Thrombus Theranostics. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301504. [PMID: 37421244 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditional thrombolytic therapeutics for vascular blockage are affected by their limited penetration into thrombi, associated off-target side effects, and low bioavailability, leading to insufficient thrombolytic efficacy. It is hypothesized that these limitations can be overcome by the precisely controlled and targeted delivery of thrombolytic therapeutics. A theranostic platform is developed that is biocompatible, fluorescent, magnetic, and well-characterized, with multiple targeting modes. This multimodal theranostic system can be remotely visualized and magnetically guided toward thrombi, noninvasively irradiated by near-infrared (NIR) phototherapies, and remotely activated by actuated magnets for additional mechanical therapy. Magnetic guidance can also improve the penetration of nanomedicines into thrombi. In a mouse model of thrombosis, the thrombosis residues are reduced by ≈80% and with no risk of side effects or of secondary embolization. This strategy not only enables the progression of thrombolysis but also accelerates the lysis rate, thereby facilitating its prospective use in time-critical thrombolytic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Liu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 291 Zhongzheng Road, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ru Jheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jiashing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jui Fan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Nima Bolouki
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 60177, Czech Republic
| | - Jyh-Wei Lee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
- Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Hsing Hsieh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
- Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Bradley W Mansel
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hieu Trung Nguyen
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Er-Yuan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan
- Precision Medicine and Translational Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
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7
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Zhang L, Li Y, Yuan L, Zhang Q, Yan Y, Dong F, Tang J, Wang Y. Advanced and Readily-Available Wireless-Powered Blue-Light-Implant for Non-Invasive Peri-Implant Disinfection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203472. [PMID: 36935373 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive light-based antibacterial therapy has a good prospect in non-surgical treatment of peri-implant infections. However, its applications are severely limited by poor penetration of light into human tissues, leading to unsatisfying outcomes. Moreover, as an essential prerequisite for traditional light therapy, lasers can no longer meet the patients' needs for convenient treatment at any time. To break through the spatial and temporal limitations of traditional light therapy, a wireless-powered blue-light zirconia implant for readily available treatment of peri-implant infection is proposed. In space, complete irradiation to complex peri-implant structure is realized by the built-in wireless-powered light source, thus improving the efficacy. In time, wireless-powering allows timely and controllable anti-infection treatment. Blue micro-light emitting diodes are used as therapeutic light sources, which effectively kill peri-implant infection-related bacteria without exogenous photosensitive agents. Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm on implant surface can be completely killed after 20 min irradiation in vitro. The bactericidal rate of peri-implant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection reaches 99.96 ± 0.03% under 30 min per day blue light exposure in vivo. Within the scope of this study, the treatment of peri-implant infection with blue-light implant has preliminary feasibility, giving a new approach to non-invasive treatment of deep oral infections, including peri-implant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludan Zhang
- Center of Digital Dentistry/ Department of Prosthodontics, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yamin Li
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lintian Yuan
- Center of Digital Dentistry/ Department of Prosthodontics, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- Beijing Taia Technology Co. LTD, Beijing, 100089, P. R. China
| | - Fan Dong
- Center of Digital Dentistry/ Department of Prosthodontics, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jun Tang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Center of Digital Dentistry/ Department of Prosthodontics, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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8
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Hartmann D, Chowdhry R, Smith JM, Booth MJ. Orthogonal Light-Activated DNA for Patterned Biocomputing within Synthetic Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9471-9480. [PMID: 37125650 PMCID: PMC10161232 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free gene expression is a vital research tool to study biological systems in defined minimal environments and has promising applications in biotechnology. Developing methods to control DNA templates for cell-free expression will be important for precise regulation of complex biological pathways and use with synthetic cells, particularly using remote, nondamaging stimuli such as visible light. Here, we have synthesized blue light-activatable DNA parts that tightly regulate cell-free RNA and protein synthesis. We found that this blue light-activated DNA could initiate expression orthogonally to our previously generated ultraviolet (UV) light-activated DNA, which we used to generate a dual-wavelength light-controlled cell-free AND-gate. By encapsulating these orthogonal light-activated DNAs into synthetic cells, we used two overlapping patterns of blue and UV light to provide precise spatiotemporal control over the logic gate. Our blue and UV orthogonal light-activated DNAs will open the door for precise control of cell-free systems in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Hartmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Razia Chowdhry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Jefferson M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Michael J Booth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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9
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Plasmonic stimulation of gold nanorods for the photothermal control of engineered living materials. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 147:213332. [PMID: 36801796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Engineered living materials (ELMs) encapsulate microorganisms within polymeric matrices for biosensing, drug delivery, capturing viruses, and bioremediation. It is often desirable to control their function remotely and in real time and so the microorganisms are often genetically engineered to respond to external stimuli. Here, we combine thermogenetically engineered microorganisms with inorganic nanostructures to sensitize an ELM to near infrared light. For this, we use plasmonic gold nanorods (AuNR) that have a strong absorption maximum at 808 nm, a wavelength where human tissue is relatively transparent. These are combined with Pluronic-based hydrogel to generate a nanocomposite gel that can convert incident near infrared light into heat locally. We perform transient temperature measurements and find a photothermal conversion efficiency of 47 %. Steady-state temperature profiles from local photothermal heating are quantified using infrared photothermal imaging and correlated with measurements inside the gel to reconstruct spatial temperature profiles. Bilayer geometries are used to combine AuNR and bacteria-containing gel layers to mimic core-shell ELMs. The thermoplasmonic heating of an AuNR-containing hydrogel layer that is exposed to infrared light diffuses to the separate but connected hydrogel layer with bacteria and stimulates them to produce a fluorescent protein. By tuning the intensity of the incident light, it is possible to activate either the entire bacterial population or only a localized region.
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10
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He M, Wang M, Xu T, Zhang M, Dai H, Wang C, Ding D, Zhong Z. Reactive oxygen species-powered cancer immunotherapy: Current status and challenges. J Control Release 2023; 356:623-648. [PMID: 36868519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial signaling molecules that can arouse immune system. In recent decades, ROS has emerged as a unique therapeutic strategy for malignant tumors as (i) it can not only directly reduce tumor burden but also trigger immune responses by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD); and (ii) it can be facilely generated and modulated by radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy and chemodynamic therapy. The anti-tumor immune responses are, however, mostly downplayed by the immunosuppressive signals and dysfunction of effector immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The past years have seen fierce developments of various strategies to power ROS-based cancer immunotherapy by e.g. combining with immune checkpoints inhibitors, tumor vaccines, and/or immunoadjuvants, which have shown to potently inhibit primary tumors, metastatic tumors, and tumor relapse with limited immune-related adverse events (irAEs). In this review, we introduce the concept of ROS-powered cancer immunotherapy, highlight the innovative strategies to boost ROS-based cancer immunotherapy, and discuss the challenges in terms of clinical translation and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin D02 NY74, Ireland
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huaxing Dai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Dawei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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11
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Kolarikova M, Hosikova B, Dilenko H, Barton-Tomankova K, Valkova L, Bajgar R, Malina L, Kolarova H. Photodynamic therapy: Innovative approaches for antibacterial and anticancer treatments. Med Res Rev 2023. [PMID: 36757198 DOI: 10.1002/med.21935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is an alternative treatment mainly for cancer but also for bacterial infections. This treatment dates back to 1900 when a German medical school graduate Oscar Raab found a photodynamic effect while doing research for his doctoral dissertation with Professor Hermann von Tappeiner. Unexpectedly, Raab revealed that the toxicity of acridine on paramecium depends on the intensity of light in his laboratory. Photodynamic therapy is therefore based on the administration of a photosensitizer with subsequent light irradiation within the absorption maxima of this substance followed by reactive oxygen species formation and finally cell death. Although this treatment is not a novelty, there is an endeavor for various modifications to the therapy. For example, selectivity and efficiency of the photosensitizer, as well as irradiation with various types of light sources are still being modified to improve final results of the photodynamic therapy. The main aim of this review is to summarize anticancer and antibacterial modifications, namely various compounds, approaches, and techniques, to enhance the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Kolarikova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hosikova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hanna Dilenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Barton-Tomankova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Valkova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Bajgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Malina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolarova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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12
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Yokoi K, Yasuda Y, Kanbe A, Imura T, Aoki S. Development of Wireless Power-Transmission-Based Photodynamic Therapy for the Induction of Cell Death in Cancer Cells by Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031433. [PMID: 36771099 PMCID: PMC9919167 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a noninvasive method for cancer therapy, involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the photochemical excitation of photosensitizers (PSs) to induce cell death in cancer cells. A variety of PS including porphyrin derivatives and metal complexes such as iridium (Ir) complexes have been reported. In clinical trials, red-near infrared (NIR) light (650-900 nm) is preferred for the excitation of PSs due to its deeper penetration into tissues compared with visible light (400-500 nm). To overcome this limitation, we established a PDT system that uses cyclometalated iridium(III) (Ir(III)) complexes that are excited with blue light in the wireless power transmission (WPT) system. To achieve this, we developed a light-emitting diode (LED) light device equipped with a receiver coil that receives electricity from the transmitter coil through magnetic resonance coupling. The LEDs in the receiving device use blue light (470 nm) to irradiate a given Ir(III) complex and excite triplet oxygen (3O2) to singlet oxygen (1O2) which induces cell death in HeLa S3 cells (human cervical carcinoma cells). The results obtained in this study suggest that WPT-based PDT represents a potentially new method for the treatment of tumors by a non-battery LED, which are otherwise difficult to treat by previous PDT systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Yokoi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Yasuda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Azusa Kanbe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takehiro Imura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.I.); (S.A.); Tel.: +81-4-7121-3670 (S.A.)
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.I.); (S.A.); Tel.: +81-4-7121-3670 (S.A.)
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13
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Image-guided drug delivery in nanosystem-based cancer therapies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114621. [PMID: 36402247 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The past decades have shown significant advancements in the development of solid tumor treatment. For instance, implementation of nanosystems for drug delivery has led to a reduction in side effects and improved delivery to the tumor region. However, clinical translation has faced challenges, as tumor drug levels are still considered to be inadequate. Interdisciplinary research has resulted in the development of more advanced drug delivery systems. These are coined "smart" due to the ability to be followed and actively manipulated in order to have better control over local drug release. Therefore, image-guided drug delivery can be a powerful strategy to improve drug activity at the target site. Being able to visualize the inflow of the administered smart nanosystem within the tumor gives the potential to determine the right moment to apply the facilitator to initiate drug release. Here we provide an overview of available nanosystems, imaging moieties, and imaging techniques. We discuss preclinical application of these smart drug delivery systems, the strength of image-guided drug delivery, and the future of personalized treatment.
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14
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Shen J, Geng L, Li X, Emery C, Kroning K, Shingles G, Lee K, Heyden M, Li P, Wang W. A general method for chemogenetic control of peptide function. Nat Methods 2023; 20:112-122. [PMID: 36481965 PMCID: PMC10069916 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural or engineered peptides serve important biological functions. A general approach to achieve chemical-dependent activation of short peptides will be valuable for spatial and temporal control of cellular processes. Here we present a pair of chemically activated protein domains (CAPs) for controlling the accessibility of both the N- and C-terminal portion of a peptide. CAPs were developed through directed evolution of an FK506-binding protein. By fusing a peptide to one or both CAPs, the function of the peptide is blocked until a small molecule displaces them from the FK506-binding protein ligand-binding site. We demonstrate that CAPs are generally applicable to a range of short peptides, including a protease cleavage site, a dimerization-inducing heptapeptide, a nuclear localization signal peptide, and an opioid peptide, with a chemical dependence up to 156-fold. We show that the CAPs system can be utilized in cell cultures and multiple organs in living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Shen
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lequn Geng
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xingyu Li
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Catherine Emery
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kayla Kroning
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Shingles
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kerry Lee
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthias Heyden
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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15
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Singh P, Youden B, Carrier A, Oakes K, Servos M, Jiang R, Lin S, Nguyen TD, Zhang X. Photoresponsive polymeric microneedles: An innovative way to monitor and treat diseases. J Control Release 2023; 353:1050-1067. [PMID: 36549390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles (MN) technology is an emerging technology for the transdermal delivery of therapeutics. When combined with photoresponsive (PR) materials, MNs can deliver therapeutics precisely and effectively with enhanced efficacy or synergistic effects. This review systematically summarizes the therapeutic applications of PRMNs in cancer therapy, wound healing, diabetes treatment, and diagnostics. Different PR approaches to activate and control the release of therapeutic agents from MNs are also discussed. Overall, PRMNs are a powerful tool for stimuli-responsive controlled-release therapeutic delivery to treat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parbeen Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, United States; School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Brian Youden
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Andrew Carrier
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Ken Oakes
- Department of Biology, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Mark Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Runqing Jiang
- Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, Ontario N2G 1G3, Canada
| | - Sujing Lin
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Thanh D Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, United States.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada.
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16
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Recent advances on organelle specific Ru(II)/Ir(III)/Re(I) based complexes for photodynamic therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Pavlova MA, Panchenko PA, Alekhina EA, Ignatova AA, Plyutinskaya AD, Pankratov AA, Pritmov DA, Grin MA, Feofanov AV, Fedorova OA. A New Glutathione-Cleavable Theranostic for Photodynamic Therapy Based on Bacteriochlorin e and Styrylnaphthalimide Derivatives. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1149. [PMID: 36551116 PMCID: PMC9775103 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a new conjugate BChl-S-S-NI based on the second-generation photosensitizer bacteriochlorin e6 (BChl) and a 4-styrylnaphthalimide fluorophore (NI), which is cleaved into individual functional fragments in the intracellular medium. The chromophores in the conjugate were cross-linked by click chemistry via a bis(azidoethyl)disulfide bridge which is reductively cleaved by the intracellular enzyme glutathione (GSH). A photophysical investigation of the conjugate in solution by using optical spectroscopy revealed that the energy transfer process is realized with high efficiency in the conjugated system, leading to the quenching of the emission of the fluorophore fragment. It was shown that the conjugate is cleaved by GSH in solution, which eliminates the possibility of energy transfer and restores the fluorescence of 4-styrylnaphthalimide. The photoinduced activity of the conjugate and its imaging properties were investigated on the mouse soft tissue sarcoma cell line S37. Phototoxicity studies in vitro show that the BChl-S-S-NI conjugate has insignificant dark cytotoxicity in the concentration range from 15 to 20,000 nM. At the same time, upon photoexcitation, it exhibits high photoinduced activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Pavlova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Panchenko
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Alekhina
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Ignatova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna D. Plyutinskaya
- P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute—Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Pankratov
- P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute—Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A. Pritmov
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Grin
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Feofanov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Fedorova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
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18
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Naskar N, Liu W, Qi H, Stumper A, Fischer S, Diemant T, Behm RJ, Kaiser U, Rau S, Weil T, Chakrabortty S. A Carbon Nanodot Based Near-Infrared Photosensitizer with a Protein-Ruthenium Shell for Low-Power Photodynamic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:48327-48340. [PMID: 36269223 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) light-activated photosensitization represents an encouraging therapeutic method in photodynamic therapy, especially for deep tissue penetration. In this context, two-photon activation, i.e., utilization of photons with relatively low energy but high photon flux for populating a virtual intermediate state leading to an excited state, is attractive. This concept would be highly advantageous in photodynamic therapy due to its minimal side effects. Herein, we propose that the combination of plasma protein serum albumin (HSA) containing several Ru complexes and NIR two-photon excitable carbon nanodots (Cdots), termed HSA-Ru-Cdots, provides several attractive features for enhancing singlet oxygen formation within the mitochondria of cancer cells stimulated by two-photon excitation in the NIR region. HSA-Ru-Cdot features biocompatibility, water solubility, and photostability as well as uptake into cancer cells with an endosomal release, which is an essential feature for subcellular targeting of mitochondria. The NIR two-photon excitation induced visible emission of the Cdots allows fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to excite the metal-to-ligand charge transfer of the Ru moiety, and fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has been applied to demonstrate FRET within the cells. The NIR two-photon excitation is indirectly transferred to the Ru complexes, which leads to the production of singlet oxygen within the mitochondria of cancer cells. Consequently, we observe the destruction of filamentous mitochondrial structures into spheroid aggregates within various cancer cell lines. Cell death is induced by the long-wavelength NIR light irradiation at 810 nm with a low power density (7 mW/cm2), which could be attractive for phototherapy applications where deeper tissue penetration is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjon Naskar
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081Ulm, Germany
| | - Weina Liu
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081Ulm, Germany
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Central Facility for Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081Ulm, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstrasse 4, D-01062Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Stumper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Diemant
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89081Ulm, Germany
| | - R Jürgen Behm
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89081Ulm, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabyasachi Chakrabortty
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081Ulm, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University AP Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh522502, India
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19
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Andreozzi E, Sabbadini R, Centracchio J, Bifulco P, Irace A, Breglio G, Riccio M. Multimodal Finger Pulse Wave Sensing: Comparison of Forcecardiography and Photoplethysmography Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22197566. [PMID: 36236663 PMCID: PMC9570799 DOI: 10.3390/s22197566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pulse waves (PWs) are mechanical waves that propagate from the ventricles through the whole vascular system as brisk enlargements of the blood vessels' lumens, caused by sudden increases in local blood pressure. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is one of the most widespread techniques employed for PW sensing due to its ability to measure blood oxygen saturation. Other sensors and techniques have been proposed to record PWs, and include applanation tonometers, piezoelectric sensors, force sensors of different kinds, and accelerometers. The performances of these sensors have been analyzed individually, and their results have been found not to be in good agreement (e.g., in terms of PW morphology and the physiological parameters extracted). Such a comparison has led to a deeper comprehension of their strengths and weaknesses, and ultimately, to the consideration that a multimodal approach accomplished via sensor fusion would lead to a more robust, reliable, and potentially more informative methodology for PW monitoring. However, apart from various multichannel and multi-site systems proposed in the literature, no true multimodal sensors for PW recording have been proposed yet that acquire PW signals simultaneously from the same measurement site. In this study, a true multimodal PW sensor is presented, which was obtained by integrating a piezoelectric forcecardiography (FCG) sensor and a PPG sensor, thus enabling simultaneous mechanical-optical measurements of PWs from the same site on the body. The novel sensor performance was assessed by measuring the finger PWs of five healthy subjects at rest. The preliminary results of this study showed, for the first time, that a delay exists between the PWs recorded simultaneously by the PPG and FCG sensors. Despite such a delay, the pulse waveforms acquired by the PPG and FCG sensors, along with their first and second derivatives, had very high normalized cross-correlation indices in excess of 0.98. Six well-established morphological parameters of the PWs were compared via linear regression, correlation, and Bland-Altman analyses, which showed that some of these parameters were not in good agreement for all subjects. The preliminary results of this proof-of-concept study must be confirmed in a much larger cohort of subjects. Further investigation is also necessary to shed light on the physical origin of the observed delay between optical and mechanical PW signals. This research paves the way for the development of true multimodal, wearable, integrated sensors and for potential sensor fusion approaches to improve the performance of PW monitoring at various body sites.
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20
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Ding M, Zhao W, Zhang X, Song L, Luan S. Charge-switchable MOF nanocomplex for enhanced biofilm penetration and eradication. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129594. [PMID: 35850068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm is notorious for causing chronic infections, whose antibiotic treatment is bringing about severe multidrug resistance and environmental contamination. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers have become encouraging materials to combat biofilm infections with high efficiency and low side effect. Herein, a charge-switchable and pH-responsive nanocomplex is fabricated via a facile aqueous one-pot zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) encapsulation of proteinase K (PK) and photosensitizer Rose Bengal (RB), for enzymatic and photodynamic therapies (PDT) against biofilm infections. Once encountering in acidic microenvironment, the surface charge of nanocomplex can switch self-adaptively from negative to positive, hence remarkably facilitating the biofilm penetration of nanocomplex. After acid-induced decomposition of nanocomplex, the released PK degrades biofilm matrix and loosens its structure, promoting diffusion of RB inside the biofilm. Afterwards, upon visible light illumination, the RB generates highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can readily and efficiently kill the remained bacteria even in the biofilm core. The charge-assisted penetration makes PK and RB fully functional, resulting in a cooperative effect concerning high biofilm eradication capacity, as testified by biofilm models both in vitro and in vivo. The green synthesis and good therapeutic performance of the nanocomplex manifests its considerable potential as a nontoxic and effective platform for biofilm treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; College of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lingjie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Shifang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; College of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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21
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Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, de Azevedo RB, Amorim CA. Secure transplantation by tissue purging using photodynamic therapy to eradicate malignant cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112546. [PMID: 36029759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The field of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treating various malignant neoplasms has been given researchers' attention due to its ability to be a selective and minimally invasive cancer therapy strategy. The possibility of tumor cell infection and hence high recurrence rates in cancer patients tends to restrict autologous transplantation. So, the photodynamic tissue purging process, which consists of selective photoinactivation of the malignant cells in the graft, is defined as a compromising strategy to purify contaminated tissues before transplantation. In this strategy, the direct malignant cells' death results from the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through the activation of a photosensitizer (PS) by light exposure in the presence of oxygen. Since new PS generations can effectively penetrate the tissue, PDT could be an ideal ex vivo tissue purging protocol that eradicates cancer cells derived from various malignancies. The challenge is that the applied pharmacologic ex vivo tissue purging should efficiently induce tumor cells with minor influence on normal tissue cells. This review aims to provide an overview of the current status of the most effective PDT strategies and PS development concerning their potential application in ex vivo purging before hematopoietic stem cell or ovarian tissue transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Bentes de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília DF, Brazil
| | - Christiani A Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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22
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Polymeric Nanosystems Applied for Metal-Based Drugs and Photosensitizers Delivery: The State of the Art and Recent Advancements. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071506. [PMID: 35890401 PMCID: PMC9320085 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based approaches for targeting the delivery and controlled release of metal-based therapeutic agents have revealed significant potential as tools for enhancing the therapeutic effect of metal-based agents and minimizing their systemic toxicities. In this context, a series of polymer-based nanosized systems designed to physically load or covalently conjugate metal-based therapeutic agents have been remarkably improving their bioavailability and anticancer efficacy. Initially, the polymeric nanocarriers were applied for platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents resulting in some nanoformulations currently in clinical tests and even in medical applications. At present, these nanoassemblies have been slowly expanding for nonplatinum-containing metal-based chemotherapeutic agents. Interestingly, for metal-based photosensitizers (PS) applied in photodynamic therapy (PDT), especially for cancer treatment, strategies employing polymeric nanocarriers have been investigated for almost 30 years. In this review, we address the polymeric nanocarrier-assisted metal-based therapeutics agent delivery systems with a specific focus on non-platinum systems; we explore some biological and physicochemical aspects of the polymer–metallodrug assembly. Finally, we summarize some recent advances in polymeric nanosystems coupled with metal-based compounds that present potential for successful clinical applications as chemotherapeutic or photosensitizing agents. We hope this review can provide a fertile ground for the innovative design of polymeric nanosystems for targeting the delivery and controlled release of metal-containing therapeutic agents.
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Upconversion nanomaterials and delivery systems for smart photonic medicines and healthcare devices. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114419. [PMID: 35810884 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, upconversion (UC) nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for the applications to photomedicines with their unique features including biocompatibility, near-infrared (NIR) to visible conversion, photostability, controllable emission bands, and facile multi-functionality. These characteristics of UC nanomaterials enable versatile light delivery for deep tissue biophotonic applications. Among various stimuli-responsive delivery systems, the light-responsive delivery process has been greatly advantageous to develop spatiotemporally controllable on-demand "smart" photonic medicines. UC nanomaterials are classified largely to two groups depending on the photon UC pathway and compositions: inorganic lanthanide-doped UC nanoparticles and organic triplet-triplet annihilation UC (TTA-UC) nanomaterials. Here, we review the current-state-of-art inorganic and organic UC nanomaterials for photo-medicinal applications including photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), photo-triggered chemo and gene therapy, multimodal immunotherapy, NIR mediated neuromodulations, and photochemical tissue bonding (PTB). We also discuss the future research direction of this field and the challenges for further clinical development.
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24
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Finlayson L, Barnard IRM, McMillan L, Ibbotson SH, Brown CTA, Eadie E, Wood K. Depth Penetration of Light into Skin as a Function of Wavelength from 200 to 1000 nm. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:974-981. [PMID: 34699624 DOI: 10.1111/php.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An increase in the use of light-based technology and medical devices has created a demand for informative and accessible data showing the depth that light penetrates into skin and how this varies with wavelength. These data would be particularly beneficial in many areas of medical research and would support the use and development of disease-targeted light-based therapies for specific skin diseases, based on increased understanding of wavelength-dependency of cutaneous penetration effects. We have used Monte Carlo radiative transport (MCRT) to simulate light propagation through a multi-layered skin model for the wavelength range of 200-1000 nm. We further adapted the simulation to compare the effect of direct and diffuse light sources, varying incident angles and stratum corneum thickness. The lateral spread of light in skin was also investigated. As anticipated, we found that the penetration depth of light into skin varies with wavelength in accordance with the optical properties of skin. Penetration depth of ultraviolet radiation was also increased when the stratum corneum was thinner. These observations enhance understanding of the wavelength-dependency and characteristics of light penetration of skin, which has potential for clinical impact regarding optimizing light-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Finlayson
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Isla R M Barnard
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Lewis McMillan
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Sally H Ibbotson
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - C Tom A Brown
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Ewan Eadie
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Kenneth Wood
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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25
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Han X, Wang Y, Huang Y, Wang X, Choo J, Chen L. Fluorescent probes for biomolecule detection under environmental stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128527. [PMID: 35231812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of fluorescent probes in visible detection has been developed over the last several decades. Biomolecules are essential in the biological processes of organisms, and their distribution and concentration are largely influenced by environmental factors. Significant advances have occurred in the applications of fluorescent probes for the detection of the dynamic localization and quantity of biomolecules during various environmental stress-induced physiological and pathological processes. Herein, we summarize representative examples of small molecule-based fluorescent probes that provide bimolecular information when the organism is under environmental stress. The discussion includes strategies for the design of smart small-molecule fluorescent probes, in addition to their applications in biomolecule imaging under environmental stresses, such as hypoxia, ischemia-reperfusion, hyperthermia/hypothermia, organic/inorganic chemical exposure, oxidative/reductive stress, high glucose stimulation, and drug treatment-induced toxicity. We believe that comprehensive insight into the beneficial applications of fluorescent probes in biomolecule detection under environmental stress should enable the further development and effective application of fluorescent probes in the biochemical and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Present: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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26
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Park J, Seok HS, Kim SS, Shin H. Photoplethysmogram Analysis and Applications: An Integrative Review. Front Physiol 2022; 12:808451. [PMID: 35300400 PMCID: PMC8920970 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.808451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond its use in a clinical environment, photoplethysmogram (PPG) is increasingly used for measuring the physiological state of an individual in daily life. This review aims to examine existing research on photoplethysmogram concerning its generation mechanisms, measurement principles, clinical applications, noise definition, pre-processing techniques, feature detection techniques, and post-processing techniques for photoplethysmogram processing, especially from an engineering point of view. We performed an extensive search with the PubMed, Google Scholar, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases. Exclusion conditions did not include the year of publication, but articles not published in English were excluded. Based on 118 articles, we identified four main topics of enabling PPG: (A) PPG waveform, (B) PPG features and clinical applications including basic features based on the original PPG waveform, combined features of PPG, and derivative features of PPG, (C) PPG noise including motion artifact baseline wandering and hypoperfusion, and (D) PPG signal processing including PPG preprocessing, PPG peak detection, and signal quality index. The application field of photoplethysmogram has been extending from the clinical to the mobile environment. Although there is no standardized pre-processing pipeline for PPG signal processing, as PPG data are acquired and accumulated in various ways, the recently proposed machine learning-based method is expected to offer a promising solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Seok Seok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Su Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Hangsik Shin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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27
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Moreira MIF, Almeida J, Leite A, Lobo Ferreira AIMC, Santos LMNBF, Silva AMG, Rangel M. Ohmic heating-assisted synthesis and characterization of Zn(II), Cu(II) and Pd(II) complexes of heterocyclic-fused chlorins. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3520-3530. [PMID: 35142773 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04032d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorins are highly interesting compounds due to their spectroscopic properties in both UV-Vis and NIR regions. Upon coordination to a metal ion, the corresponding metallochlorins exhibit more valuable physicochemical properties that enable a broader range of applications, such as in photodynamic therapy (PDT), water splitting catalysis, optical sensor devices and dye-sensitized solar cells. Synthetic chemistry has been in a continuous quest to fulfil most green chemistry requirements through the development of efficient reactions. Being a heating process that does not depend on heat transfer to the reaction medium, ohmic heating accomplishes the mentioned requirements and allows a fast and uniform heating regime thanks to the ionic conductivity of the reaction medium. Herein, we report the metallation of pyrrolidine- and isoxazolidine-fused chlorins with Zn(II), Cu(II) and Pd(II) salts by ohmic heating, using non-toxic aqueous solutions, and their corresponding physico-chemical characterization. All pyrrolidine-fused chlorins showed higher yields, when compared with isoxazolidine ones. From the thermogravimetric analysis performed it is possible to infer that the metal enhances the steadiness of the macrocycle, making it easier to cause the thermal decomposition of the pyrrolidine- and isoxazolidine-fused chlorins. The Zn(II) complexes showed high absorption in the NIR spectral region, a low fluorescence quantum yield and a short excited singlet state, which indicate the high efficiency of intersystem crossing to the triplet state, making them very promising candidates as photosensitizers for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I F Moreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Leite
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana I M C Lobo Ferreira
- CIQUP, Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS) - Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, P-4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís M N B F Santos
- CIQUP, Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS) - Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, P-4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M G Silva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Rangel
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
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28
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Hongdusit A, Liechty ET, Fox JM. Analysis of Three Architectures for Controlling PTP1B with Light. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:61-68. [PMID: 34898189 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photosensory domains are powerful tools for placing proteins under optical control, but their integration into light-sensitive chimeras is often challenging. Many designs require structural iterations, and direct comparisons of alternative approaches are rare. This study uses protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), an influential regulatory enzyme, to compare three architectures for controlling PTPs with light: a protein fusion, an insertion chimera, and a split construct. All three designs permitted optical control of PTP1B activity in vitro (i.e., kinetic assays of purified enzyme) and in mammalian cells; photoresponses measured under both conditions, while different in magnitude, were linearly correlated. The fusion- and insertion-based architectures exhibited the highest dynamic range and maintained native localization patterns in mammalian cells. A single insertion architecture enabled optical control of both PTP1B and TCPTP, but not SHP2, where the analogous chimera was active but not photoswitchable. Findings suggest that PTPs are highly tolerant of domain insertions and support the use of in vitro screens to evaluate different optogenetic designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akarawin Hongdusit
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Evan T. Liechty
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jerome M. Fox
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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29
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Yang SR, Yeh YY, Yeh YC. Ultrasound-triggered hydrogel formation through thiol-norbornene reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1119-1122. [PMID: 34981088 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04848a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasound-initiated thiol-norbornene reaction has been applied to fabricate hydrogels, and the ultrasound conditions in determining the properties of hydrogels have been systematically investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Rung Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Yu Yeh
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Cheun Yeh
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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30
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Badon IW, Kim C, Lim JM, Duy MK, Vales TP, Kang D, Cho S, Lee J, Kim HJ, Yang J. Mitochondrion-Targeting PEGylated BODIPY Dyes for Near-Infrared Cell Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1196-1209. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02393d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-based photosensitizers (AmBXI, X = H, M, Br) featuring a cationic mitochondrion-targeting group and near-infrared (NIR) absorption was synthesized. After extending the photosensitizers’ π–π conjugation via Knoevenagel...
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31
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Studying delivery of neuroprotective gabapentin drug by gold nanoparticles using a laser beam affecting surface plasmon resonance. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01800-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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32
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Cheng J, Hu J. Recent Advances on Carbon Monoxide Releasing Molecules for Antibacterial Applications. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3628-3634. [PMID: 34613654 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) has been known as an endogenous signaling molecule in addition to an air pollutant. It plays a critical role in many physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, CO has been recognized as a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of numerous diseases such as cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, and so on. Instead of direct CO inhalation, two main categories of CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) (i. e., metal carbonyls and nonmetallic CO donors) have been developed to safely and locally deliver CO to target tissues. In this minireview, we summarize the recent achievements of CORMs on antibacterial applications. It appears that the antibacterial activity of CORMs is different from CO gas, which is tightly correlated to not only the types of CORMs applied but also the tested bacterial strains. In some circumstances, the antibacterial mechanisms are debated and need to be clarified. We hope more attention can be paid to this emerging field and new antibacterial agents with a low risk of drug resistance can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Anhui 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Anhui 230026, Hefei, China
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Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, de Souza PEN, Azevedo RB, Amorim CA. AlPc/ZnPc-based oncological photodynamic therapy for a selective eradication of leukemic cells from ovarian tissue. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102555. [PMID: 34597832 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to the risk of reintroducing malignant cells, autotransplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue is not allowed in leukemia patients. In order to restore fertility in these patients, ex vivo purging of ovarian fragments could be proposed as a strategy to eradicate malignant cells before grafting. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as a clinical-approved modality, is a minimally invasive and selective therapeutic for eliminating malignant cells. The present work aims therefore to evaluate the phototoxicity of two photosensitizers (aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPc) and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)) on leukemia cells. To this end, two lines of malignant cells (K562 and HL-60) and isolated ovarian stromal cells (control) were treated by PDT using a diode laser with various energy densities. Cell viability after the treatment, the amount of generated reactive oxygen species, dark toxicity of the photosensitizers, and single-cell morphology were studied. Our results demonstrated that using irradiation with the energy density of 10 J/cm2, 1 µM AlPc could significantly reduce the viability of K562 (4.73 ± 0.14%) and HL-60 (2.74 ± 0.31%). Similarly, the viability of these cells was reduced (K562 cells: 3.84 ± 0.81%; HL-60 cells: 6.82 ± 3.21%) with 1 µM ZnPc and an energy density of 50 J/cm2. On the other hand, these PDT protocols had no significant effect on stromal cells. These findings indicate that our approach can be a promising strategy for the safe restoration of fertility in leukemia patients. However, further studies are necessary to assess its efficiency in ovarian fragments containing malignant cells to determine their eradication rate and the effect of our treatment on the survival of stromal cells and preantral follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Ricardo Bentes Azevedo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília DF, Brazil
| | - Christiani A Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Priester MI, Curto S, van Rhoon GC, ten Hagen TLM. External Basic Hyperthermia Devices for Preclinical Studies in Small Animals. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184628. [PMID: 34572855 PMCID: PMC8470307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The application of mild hyperthermia can be beneficial for solid tumor treatment by induction of sublethal effects on a tissue- and cellular level. When designing a hyperthermia experiment, several factors should be taken into consideration. In this review, multiple elementary hyperthermia devices are described in detail to aid standardization of treatment design. Abstract Preclinical studies have shown that application of mild hyperthermia (40–43 °C) is a promising adjuvant to solid tumor treatment. To improve preclinical testing, enhance reproducibility, and allow comparison of the obtained results, it is crucial to have standardization of the available methods. Reproducibility of methods in and between research groups on the same techniques is crucial to have a better prediction of the clinical outcome and to improve new treatment strategies (for instance with heat-sensitive nanoparticles). Here we provide a preclinically oriented review on the use and applicability of basic hyperthermia systems available for solid tumor thermal treatment in small animals. The complexity of these techniques ranges from a simple, low-cost water bath approach, irradiation with light or lasers, to advanced ultrasound and capacitive heating devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein I. Priester
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.C.); (G.C.v.R.)
| | - Sergio Curto
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.C.); (G.C.v.R.)
| | - Gerard C. van Rhoon
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.C.); (G.C.v.R.)
| | - Timo L. M. ten Hagen
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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Photodiagnosis and photodynamic effects of bacteriochlorin-naphthalimide conjugates on tumor cells and mouse model. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 223:112294. [PMID: 34500215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photo-induced cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of a series of dual function agents for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and fluorescent imaging based on bacteriochlorin photosensitizer conjugated with various naphthalimide fluorophores was studied in vitro using murine tumor cells of S37 sarcoma and in vivo on mice bearing murine S37 sarcoma. Upon irradiation at the absorption maximum of the photosensitizer, the activity of conjugates was as high as in the case of individual bacteriochlorin, while an additional excitation of the naphthalimide fragment led to an increase in the PDT efficacy due to resonance energy transfer from the fluorophore to photosensitizer. The fluorescence contrast and specific cytotoxic activity measurements indicate that the conjugate of bacteriochlorin with 3,4-dimethoxestyrene-substituted naphthalimide is the most promising agent for the application as theranostic in PDT.
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Wichert N, Witt M, Blume C, Scheper T. Clinical applicability of optogenetic gene regulation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4168-4185. [PMID: 34287844 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The field of optogenetics is rapidly growing in relevance and number of developed tools. Among other things, the optogenetic repertoire includes light-responsive ion channels and methods for gene regulation. This review will be confined to the optogenetic control of gene expression in mammalian cells as suitable models for clinical applications. Here optogenetic gene regulation might offer an excellent method for spatially and timely regulated gene and protein expression in cell therapeutic approaches. Well-known systems for gene regulation, such as the LOV-, CRY2/CIB-, PhyB/PIF-systems, as well as other, in mammalian cells not yet fully established systems, will be described. Advantages and disadvantages with regard to clinical applications are outlined in detail. Among the many unanswered questions concerning the application of optogenetics, we discuss items such as the use of exogenous chromophores and their effects on the biology of the cells and methods for a gentle, but effective gene transfection method for optogenetic tools for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wichert
- Insitute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Witt
- Insitute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cornelia Blume
- Insitute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Insitute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Smart-watch-programmed green-light-operated percutaneous control of therapeutic transgenes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3388. [PMID: 34099676 PMCID: PMC8184832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wearable smart electronic devices, such as smart watches, are generally equipped with green-light-emitting diodes, which are used for photoplethysmography to monitor a panoply of physical health parameters. Here, we present a traceless, green-light-operated, smart-watch-controlled mammalian gene switch (Glow Control), composed of an engineered membrane-tethered green-light-sensitive cobalamin-binding domain of Thermus thermophilus (TtCBD) CarH protein in combination with a synthetic cytosolic TtCBD-transactivator fusion protein, which manage translocation of TtCBD-transactivator into the nucleus to trigger expression of transgenes upon illumination. We show that Apple-Watch-programmed percutaneous remote control of implanted Glow-controlled engineered human cells can effectively treat experimental type-2 diabetes by producing and releasing human glucagon-like peptide-1 on demand. Directly interfacing wearable smart electronic devices with therapeutic gene expression will advance next-generation personalized therapies by linking biopharmaceutical interventions to the internet of things.
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Jiao J, Lu H, Wang S. Photo-responsive prodrug nanoparticles for efficient cytoplasmic delivery and synergistic photodynamic-chemotherapy of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Acta Biomater 2021; 126:421-432. [PMID: 33774201 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have been considered as the most malignant subtype of breast cancer with leading incidence and mortality among females. Herein, photo-responsive prodrug nanoparticles (AlP/CPT-NPs) were designed with efficient cytoplasmic delivery of anti-cancer agent for cooperative photodynamic-chemotherapy. AlP/CPT-NPs were prepared using photosensitizer Al(III) phthalocyanine chloride disulfonic acid (AlP) and ROS-activatable camptothecin prodrug (CPT-PD). AlP/CPT-NPs could induce intracellular 1O2 generation upon light exposure, which not only initiate immediate disassembly of AlP/CPT-NPs but also promote cytoplasmic delivery of CPT through 1O2-mediated lysosomal rupture. The released intracellular CPT could be translocated into nuclei in only 5 min post-irradiation. Consequently, AlP/CPT-NPs efficiently suppressed the tumor growth and metastasis of TNBC in a spatiotemporally controlled manner, providing a promising option for effective treatment of metastatic TNBC. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Breast cancer is a complex disease with leading incidence among females, in which triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered as the most malignant subtype with increased risk of resistance, recurrence and metastasis. Herein, we designed photo-responsive prodrug nanoparticles (AlP/CPT-NPs) for synergistic treatment of metastatic TNBC. Upon 660 nm light exposure, the 1O2 generated by AlP/CPT-NPs could initiate immediate disassembly of AlP/CPT-NPs and further promote cytoplasmic delivery of the therapeutic payloads (camptothecin, CPT). The prepared AlP/CPT-NPs induced potent in vivo phototherapeutic damage through photodynamic-chemotherapy, resulting in complete tumor ablation with metastasis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Hongyan Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Siling Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China.
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Wu AD, Dan W, Zhang Y, Vemaraju S, Upton BA, Lang RA, Buhr ED, Berkowitz DE, Gallos G, Emala CW, Yim PD. Opsin 3-G αs Promotes Airway Smooth Muscle Relaxation Modulated by G Protein Receptor Kinase 2. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:59-68. [PMID: 33058732 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0392oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we characterized blue light-mediated relaxation (photorelaxation) of airway smooth muscle (ASM) and implicated the involvement of opsin 3 (OPN3), an atypical opsin. In the present study, we characterized the cellular signaling mechanisms of photorelaxation. We confirmed the functional role of OPN3 in blue light photorelaxation using trachea from OPN3 null mice (maximal relaxation 52 ± 13% compared with wild-type mice 90 ± 4.3%, P < 0.05). We then demonstrated colocalization of OPN3 and Gαs using co-IP and proximity ligation assays in primary human ASM cells, which was further supported by an increase in cAMP in mouse trachea treated with blue light compared with dark controls (23 ± 3.6 vs. 14 ± 2.6 pmol cAMP/ring, P < 0.05). Downstream PKA (protein kinase A) involvement was shown by inhibiting photorelaxation using Rp-cAMPS (P < 0.0001). Moreover, we observed converging mechanisms of desensitization by chronic β2-agonist exposure in mouse trachea and correlated this finding with colocalization of OPN3 and GRK2 (G protein receptor kinase) in primary human ASM cells. Finally, an overexpression model of OPN1LW (a red light photoreceptor in the same opsin family) in human ASM cells showed an increase in intracellular cAMP levels following red light exposure compared with nontransfected cells (48 ± 13 vs. 13 ± 2.1 pmol cAMP/mg protein, P < 0.01), suggesting a conserved photorelaxation mechanism for wavelengths of light that are more tissue penetrant. Together, these results demonstrate that blue light photorelaxation in ASM is mediated by the OPN3 receptor interacting with Gαs, which increases cAMP levels, activating PKA and modulated by GRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - William Dan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Shruti Vemaraju
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute.,Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Center for Chronobiology, and
| | - Brian A Upton
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute.,Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Center for Chronobiology, and.,Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program.,Medical Scientist Training Program, and
| | - Richard A Lang
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute.,Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Center for Chronobiology, and.,Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ethan D Buhr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Dan E Berkowitz
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - George Gallos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Peter D Yim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Bao G, Wen S, Lin G, Yuan J, Lin J, Wong KL, Bünzli JCG, Jin D. Learning from lanthanide complexes: The development of dye-lanthanide nanoparticles and their biomedical applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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41
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Schneidereit D, Bröllochs A, Ritter P, Kreiß L, Mokhtari Z, Beilhack A, Krönke G, Ackermann JA, Faas M, Grüneboom A, Schürmann S, Friedrich O. An advanced optical clearing protocol allows label-free detection of tissue necrosis via multiphoton microscopy in injured whole muscle. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2876-2891. [PMID: 33456578 PMCID: PMC7806485 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Structural remodeling or damage as a result of disease or injury is often not evenly distributed throughout a tissue but strongly depends on localization and extent of damaging stimuli. Skeletal muscle as a mechanically active organ can express signs of local or even systemic myopathic damage, necrosis, or repair. Conventionally, muscle biopsies (patients) or whole muscles (animal models) are mechanically sliced and stained to assess structural alterations histologically. Three-dimensional tissue information can be obtained by applying deep imaging modalities, e.g. multiphoton or light-sheet microscopy. Chemical clearing approaches reduce scattering, e.g. through matching refractive tissue indices, to overcome optical penetration depth limits in thick tissues. Methods: Here, we optimized a range of different clearing protocols. We find aqueous solution-based protocols employing (20-80%) 2,2'-thiodiethanol (TDE) to be advantageous over organic solvents (dibenzyl ether, cinnamate) regarding the preservation of muscle morphology, ease-of-use, hazard level, and costs. Results: Applying TDE clearing to a mouse model of local cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced muscle necrosis, a complete loss of myosin-II signals was observed in necrotic areas with little change in fibrous collagen or autofluorescence (AF) signals. The 3D aspect of myofiber integrity could be assessed, and muscle necrosis in whole muscle was quantified locally via the ratios of detected AF, forward- and backward-scattered Second Harmonic Generation (fSHG, bSHG) signals. Conclusion: TDE optical clearing is a versatile tool to study muscle architecture in conjunction with label-free multiphoton imaging in 3D in injury/myopathy models and might also be useful in studying larger biofabricated constructs in regenerative medicine.
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Ballaji HK, Correia R, Korposh S, Hayes-Gill BR, Hernandez FU, Salisbury B, Morgan SP. A Textile Sleeve for Monitoring Oxygen Saturation Using Multichannel Optical Fibre Photoplethysmography. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20226568. [PMID: 33212998 PMCID: PMC7698582 DOI: 10.3390/s20226568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Textile-based systems are an attractive prospect for wearable technology as they can provide monitoring of key physiological parameters in a comfortable and unobtrusive form. A novel system based on multichannel optical fibre sensor probes integrated into a textile sleeve is described. The system measures the photoplethysmogram (PPG) at two wavelengths (660 and 830 nm), which is then used to calculate oxygen saturation (SpO2). In order to achieve reliable measurement without adjusting the position of the garment, four plastic optical fibre (POF) probes are utilised to increase the likelihood that a high-quality PPG is obtained due to at least one of the probes being positioned over a blood vessel. Each probe transmits and receives light into the skin to measure the PPG and SpO2. All POFs are integrated in a stretchable textile sleeve with a circumference of 15 cm to keep the sensor in contact with the subject’s wrist and to minimise motion artefacts. Tests on healthy volunteers show that the multichannel PPG sensor faithfully provides an SpO2 reading in at least one of the four sensor channels in all cases with no need for adjusting the position of the sleeve. This could not be achieved using a single sensor alone. The multichannel sensor is used to monitor the SpO2 of 10 participants with an average wrist circumference of 16.0 ± 0.6 cm. Comparing the developed sensor’s SpO2 readings to a reference commercial oximeter (reflectance Masimo Radical-7) illustrates that the mean difference between the two sensors’ readings is −0.03%, the upper limit of agreement (LOA) is 0.52% and the lower LOA is −0.58%. This multichannel sensor has the potential to achieve reliable, unobtrusive and comfortable textile-based monitoring of both heart rate and SpO2 during everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hattan K. Ballaji
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (H.K.B.); (R.C.); (S.K.); (B.R.H.-G.)
- Computer Engineering Department, College of Computers and Information System, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24231, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ricardo Correia
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (H.K.B.); (R.C.); (S.K.); (B.R.H.-G.)
| | - Serhiy Korposh
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (H.K.B.); (R.C.); (S.K.); (B.R.H.-G.)
| | - Barrie R. Hayes-Gill
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (H.K.B.); (R.C.); (S.K.); (B.R.H.-G.)
| | | | - Byron Salisbury
- Footfalls and Heartbeats (UK) Ltd., Nottingham NG7 1FW, UK; (F.U.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Stephen P. Morgan
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (H.K.B.); (R.C.); (S.K.); (B.R.H.-G.)
- Footfalls and Heartbeats (UK) Ltd., Nottingham NG7 1FW, UK; (F.U.H.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence:
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43
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Shin H, Park J, Seok HS, Kim SS. Photoplethysmogram analysis and applications: An Integrative Review (Preprint). JMIR BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.2196/25567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Soliman N, Gasser G, Thomas CM. Incorporation of Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes into Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003294. [PMID: 33073433 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes are compounds of great interest in cancer therapy due to their unique photophysical, photochemical, and biological properties. For effective treatment, they must be able to penetrate tumor cells effectively and selectively. The development of nanoscale carriers capable of delivering Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes has the potential to passively or selectively enhance their cellular uptake in tumor cells. Many different strategies have been explored to incorporate Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes into a variety of nanosized constructs, ranging from organic to inorganic materials. Herein, recent developments in nanomaterials loaded with Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes are highlighted. Their rational design, preparation, and physicochemical properties are described, and their potential applications in cancer therapy are eventually discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Soliman
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, 75005, France
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Christophe M Thomas
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, 75005, France
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LeValley PJ, Sutherland BP, Jaje J, Gibbs S, Jones M, Gala R, Kloxin CJ, Kiick KL, Kloxin AM. On-demand and tunable dual wavelength release of antibody using light-responsive hydrogels. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6944-6958. [PMID: 34327309 PMCID: PMC8315695 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There has been an increased interest in the use of protein therapeutics, especially antibodies, for the treatment of a variety of diseases due to their high specificity to tissues and biological pathways of interest. However, the use of antibodies can be hindered by physical aggregation, degradation, and diffusion when injected in vivo leading to the need for antibody-releasing depots for the controlled and localized delivery within tissues of interest. Here, we investigated photolabile hydrogel chemistries for creating on-demand and tunable antibody release profiles. Innovative, scalable synthetic procedures were established and applied for fabricating hydrogels with nitrobenzyl (NB) and coumarin (CMR) photolabile crosslinks that responded to clinically relevant doses of long-wavelength UV and short-wavelength visible light. This synthetic procedure includes a route to make a CMR linker possessing two functional handles at the same ring position with water-stable bonds. The photocleavage properties of NB and CMR crosslinked hydrogels were characterized, as well as their potential for translational studies by degradation through pig skin, a good human skin mimic. The mechanism of hydrogel degradation, bulk versus surface eroding, was determined to be dependent on the wavelength of light utilized and the molar absorptivity of the different photolabile linkers, providing a facile means for altering protein release upon hydrogel degradation. Further, the encapsulation and on-demand release of a model monoclonal antibody was demonstrated, highlighting the ability to control antibody release from these hydrogels through the application of light while retaining its bioactivity. In particular, the newly designed CMR hydrogels undergo surface erosion-based protein release using visible light, which is more commonly used clinically. Overall, this work establishes scalable syntheses and relevant pairings of formulation-irradiation conditions for designing on-demand and light-responsive material systems that provide controlled, tunable release of bioactive proteins toward addressing barriers to preclinical translation of light-based materials and ultimately improving therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige J. LeValley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Bryan P. Sutherland
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Jennifer Jaje
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology (CMB), Newark, DE, United States
| | - Sandra Gibbs
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology (CMB), Newark, DE, United States
| | - Mark Jones
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology (CMB), Newark, DE, United States
| | - Rikhav Gala
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology (CMB), Newark, DE, United States
| | - Christopher J. Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - April M. Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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Plöschner M, Denkova D, De Camillis S, Das M, Parker LM, Zheng X, Lu Y, Ojosnegros S, Piper JA. Simultaneous super-linear excitation-emission and emission depletion allows imaging of upconversion nanoparticles with higher sub-diffraction resolution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:24308-24326. [PMID: 32752412 DOI: 10.1364/oe.400651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are becoming increasingly popular as biological markers as they offer photo-stable imaging in the near-infrared (NIR) biological transparency window. Imaging at NIR wavelengths benefits from low auto-fluorescence background and minimal photo-damage. However, as the diffraction limit increases with the wavelength, the imaging resolution deteriorates. To address this limitation, recently two independent approaches have been proposed for imaging UCNPs with sub-diffraction resolution, namely stimulated emission-depletion (STED) microscopy and super linear excitation-emission (uSEE) microscopy. Both methods are very sensitive to the UCNP composition and the imaging conditions, i.e. to the excitation and depletion power. Here, we demonstrate that the imaging conditions can be chosen in a way that activates both super-resolution regimes simultaneously when imaging NaYF4:Yb,Tm UCNPs. The combined uSEE-STED mode benefits from the advantages of both techniques, allowing for imaging with lateral resolution about six times better than the diffraction limit due to STED and simultaneous improvement of the axial resolution about twice over the diffraction limit due to uSEE. Conveniently, at certain imaging conditions, the uSEE-STED modality can achieve better resolution at four times lower laser power compared to STED mode, making the method appealing for biological applications. We illustrate this by imaging UCNPs functionalized by colominic acid in fixed neuronal phenotype cells.
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Zakharko MA, Panchenko PA, Zarezin DP, Nenajdenko VG, Pritmov DA, Grin MA, Mironov AF, Fedorova OA. Conjugates of 3,4-dimethoxy-4-styrylnaphthalimide and bacteriochlorin for theranostics in photodynamic therapy. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-2885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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48
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Solvent Effects on Skin Penetration and Spatial Distribution of the Hydrophilic Nitroxide Spin Probe PCA Investigated by EPR. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:127-137. [PMID: 32303897 PMCID: PMC8557165 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs in extrinsic skin aging processes and diseases when the enhanced production of free radicals exceeds the homeostatic antioxidant capacity of the skin. The spin probe, 3-(carboxy)-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-1-oxyl (PCA), is frequently used to study the cutaneous radical production by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This approach requires delivering PCA into the skin, yet solvent effects on the skin penetration and spatial distribution of PCA have not been thoroughly investigated. Three solvents of ethanol, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and ethanol-PBS (1:1) were studied. For both human and porcine skin ex vivo, the amount of PCA in the stratum corneum (SC) was the lowest when using ethanol and very similar for PBS and ethanol-PBS. The highest amount of PCA in the viable skin layers was detected for ethanol-PBS, yet it only took up less than 5% of the total amount. The majority of PCA was localized in the SC, among which PCA with high mobility was predominantly distributed in the hydrophilic microenvironment of corneocytes and PCA with lower mobility was mainly in the less hydrophilic microenvironment of intercellular skin lipids. A higher ethanol concentration in the solvent could improve the distribution of PCA in the hydrophilic microenvironments of the SC. The results suggest that ethanol-PBS (1:1) is best-suited for delivering most PCA deep into the skin. This work enhances the understanding of solvent effects on the skin penetration and distribution of PCA and supports the utilization of PCA in studying cutaneous radical production.
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Dhal S, Verma P, Mishra M, Giri S. Oleogel-mediated transdermal delivery of white emitting NaYF 4 conjugated with Rose Bengal for the generation of reactive oxygen species through NIR-upconversion. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 190:110945. [PMID: 32169779 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The transdermal route for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the inner skin tissues for non-invasive photodynamic therapy; though constitutes a desired modality for treating skin cancer, the success has been limited due to the insurmountable nature of the stratum corneum (SC). In this context, for the first time we report the localization of photosensitizer-conjugated upconversion (UC) particles to the deeper dermal region by overcoming SC through an oleogel-mediated transport mechanism for NIR-induced photodynamic production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We developed soybean oil and stearic acid based oleogels by incorporating photoluminescent white light emitting NaYF4 (WEN) upconversion (UC) particles conjugated with Rose Bengal (RB), termed as WEN-RB-G. Similarly, we fabricated another type of oleogel by incorporating Li+ doped WEN based UC particles (RB conjugated), with 10 times more photoluminescence intensity, termed as LiWEN-RB-G. Based on the skin permeation enhancing effect of the constituents of the oleogels, we demonstrated the permeation of these two types of conjugated particles in microgram scale through the full thickness of the pig ear skin model within 48 h. The localization of the conjugated particles throughout the skin tissue including dermal and epidermal region was confirmed by confocal microscopy. We also conducted a comparative assessment on WEN-RB-G and LiWEN-RB-G for the suitability of ROS generation and bioimaging under NIR activation. The 'proof of principle' concept reported here is expected to frame a gateway in future for NIR-induced photo-theranostics targeting skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyashree Dhal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Preeti Verma
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Monalisa Mishra
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Supratim Giri
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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50
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Gamboa L, Zamat AH, Kwong GA. Synthetic immunity by remote control. Theranostics 2020; 10:3652-3667. [PMID: 32206114 PMCID: PMC7069089 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based immunotherapies, such as T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), have the potential to cure patients of disease otherwise refractory to conventional treatments. Early-on-treatment and long-term durability of patient responses depend critically on the ability to control the potency of adoptively transferred T cells, as overactivation can lead to complications like cytokine release syndrome, and immunosuppression can result in ineffective responses to therapy. Drugs or biologics (e.g., cytokines) that modulate immune activity are limited by mass transport barriers that reduce the local effective drug concentration, and lack site or target cell specificity that results in toxicity. Emerging technologies that enable site-targeted, remote control of key T cell functions - including proliferation, antigen-sensing, and target-cell killing - have the potential to increase treatment precision and safety profile. These technologies are broadly applicable to other immune cells to expand immune cell therapies across many cancers and diseases. In this review, we highlight the opportunities, challenges and the current state-of-the-art for remote control of synthetic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Gamboa
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ali H. Zamat
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Gabriel A. Kwong
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Georgia Immunoengineering Consortium, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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