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Wang Y, Lai B, Yu Z, Xu Z. One-step fabrication of a self-driven point-of-care chip by femtosecond laser direct writing and its application in cancer cell H 2O 2 detection via semiconductor-based SERS. Talanta 2024; 278:126483. [PMID: 38963977 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Self-driven microfluidic systems have attracted significant attention and demonstrated great potential in the field of point-of-care (POC) testing due to their device simplicity, low power consumption, increased portability, and reduced sample consumption. To develop POC detection chips with diverse characteristics that meet different requirements, there is a strong demand for feasible strategies that enable easy operation and reduce processing time. Here, a one-step processing approach using femtosecond laser direct writing technology was proposed to fabricate a capillary-actuated POC microfluidic chip. The driving force of the chip is highly dependent on its surface wettability, which can be easily adjusted by changing the laser processing parameters. This POC microfluidic chip allowed for the detection of intracellular H2O2 through a catalytic reaction system that incorporated 5-aminosalicylic acid -sensitized colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles and horse radish peroxidase, with integrating semiconductor-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) quantitative technique. The concentration of H2O2 was determined by the SERS signal of the catalytic products in the microfluidic chip, resulting in rapid detection with minimal sample consumption. Our method provides a simple, feasible, and alternative strategy for POC testing of H2O2, with a linear range of 10-2∼10-6 M and a limit of detection of 0.55 μM. This approach was successfully applied to rapid detection of intracellular H2O2 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells with high sensitivity and minimal sample consumption. Additionally, this study not only demonstrates the exceptional advantages of femtosecond laser processing technology in fabricating diverse microfluidic chips for various applications, but also presents an efficient POC testing strategy for detecting cell signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Lai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering (IPOE), Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangrun Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Fan R, Wu J, Duan S, Jin L, Zhang H, Zhang C, Zheng A. Droplet-based microfluidics for drug delivery applications. Int J Pharm 2024; 663:124551. [PMID: 39106935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
The microfluidic method primainly utilizes two incompatible liquids as continuous phase and dispersed phase respectively. It controls the formation of droplets by managing the microchannel structure and the flow rate ratio of the two phases. Droplet-based microfluidics is a rapidly expanding interdisciplinary research field encompassing physics, biochemistry, and Microsystems engineering. Droplet microfluidics offer a diverse and practical toolset that enables chemical and biological experiments to be conducted at high speeds and with greater efficiency compared to traditional instruments. The applications of droplet-based microfluidics are vast, including areas such as drug delivery, owing to its compatibility with numerous chemical and biological reagents and its ability to carry out various operations. This technology has been extensively researched due to its promising features. In this review, we delve into the materials used in droplet generation-based microfluidic devices, manufacturing techniques, methods for droplet generation in channels, and, finally, we summarize the applications of droplet generation-based microfluidics in drug delivery vectors, encompassing nanoparticles, microspheres, microcapsules, and hydrogel particles. We also discuss the challenges and future prospects of this technology across a wide array of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shuwei Duan
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lili Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University College of Pharmacy, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Changhao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University College of Pharmacy, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
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3
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Arnold C, Riß L, Hey J, Schweyen R. Dimensional Accuracy of Different Three-Dimensional Printing Models as a Function of Varying the Printing Parameters. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3616. [PMID: 39063907 PMCID: PMC11279353 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Even in digital workflows, models are required for fitting during the fabrication of dental prostheses. This study examined the influence of different parameters on the dimensional accuracy of three-dimensionally printed models. A stereolithographic data record was generated from a master model (SOLL). With digital light processing (DLP) and stereolithography (SLA) printing systems, 126 models were produced in several printing runs-SolFlex350 (S) (DLP, n = 24), CaraPrint 4.0 (C) (DLP, n = 48) and Form2 (F) (SLA, n = 54)-and their accuracy was compared with plaster and milled polyurethane models. In addition to the positioning on the build platform, a distinction was made between parallel and across arrangement of the models to the printer's front, solid and hollow models, and printing with and without support structures. For accuracy assessment, five measurement sections were defined on the model (A-E) and measured using a calibrated digital calliper and digital scans in combination with the GOM Inspect Professional software 2021. The mean deviation between the measurement methods for all distances was 79 µm. The mean deviation of the models from the digital SOLL model were 207.1 µm for the S series, 25.1 µm for the C series and 141.8 µm for the F series. While positioning did not have an influence, there were clinically relevant differences mainly regarding the choice of printer, but also individually in alignment, model structure and support structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ramona Schweyen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 16, 06112 Halle, Germany; (C.A.)
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Allen MC, Lookmire S, Avci E. An Alternative Micro-Milling Fabrication Process for Rapid and Low-Cost Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:905. [PMID: 39064416 PMCID: PMC11279306 DOI: 10.3390/mi15070905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidics is an important technology for the biomedical industry and is often utilised in our daily lives. Recent advances in micro-milling technology have allowed for rapid fabrication of smaller and more complex structures, at lower costs, making it a viable alternative to other fabrication methods. The microfluidic chip fabrication developed in this research is a step-by-step process with a self-contained wet milling chamber. Additionally, ethanol solvent bonding is used to allow microfluidic chips to be fully fabricated within approximately an hour. The effect of using this process is tested with quantitative contact profileometery data to determine the expected surface roughness in the microchannels. The effect of surface roughness on the controllability of microparticles is tested in functional microfluidic chips using image processing to calculate particle velocity. This process can produce high-quality channels when compared with similar studies in the literature and surface roughness affects the control of microparticles. Lastly, we discuss how the outcomes of this research can produce rapid and higher-quality microfluidic devices, leading to improvement in the research and development process within the fields of science that utilise microfluidic technology. Such as medicine, biology, chemistry, ecology, and aerospace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Christopher Allen
- College of Sciences, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Simon Lookmire
- College of Sciences, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Ebubekir Avci
- The MacDiarmid Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand;
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5
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Li Z, Guo C, Jian Z. Compound Droplet Generation by a Hybrid Microfluidic Device. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38976874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology based on a compound droplet plays an increasingly significant role in different disciplines, such as genetic detection, drug transportation, and cell culture. Low-cost, stable, and rapid methods to produce compound droplets are more and more in demand. In this paper, a hybrid 3D-printed microfluidic device was designed to realize efficient fabrication of multicore compound droplets, where a first oil phase (O1) is cut by a water phase (W) to form pure O1 droplets, and then the W phase containing O1 droplets is cut by a second oil phase (O2) to generate multicore compound droplets. A series of experiments were conducted to determine the influence of the flow rate and viscosity on the formation dynamics of compound droplets. It is found that the number of inner cores is mainly affected by the W and O2 phases, and a W phase with higher viscosity and a higher flow rate is more likely to produce compound droplets with more inner cores. This work provides new insights into the formation dynamics of compound droplets and can contribute to the optimization of emulsion production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, International Center for Applied Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Changxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, International Center for Applied Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhen Jian
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, International Center for Applied Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Research Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311215, China
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6
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Zhao X, Liu W, Hu Z, Duan L, Zhang X, Li F, Hong B. Rapid prototyping of a retinal multivascular network phantom for optical retinal vascular imaging equipment evaluation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:4253-4263. [PMID: 39022546 PMCID: PMC11249693 DOI: 10.1364/boe.523115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Retinal vascular health holds paramount importance for healthy vision. Many technologies have been developed to examine retinal vasculature non-destructively, including fundus cameras, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), fluorescein angiography (FA), and so on. However, there is a lack of a proper phantom simulating the critical features of the real human retina to calibrate and evaluate the performance of these technologies. In this work, we present a rapid, high-resolution, and economical technology based on 3D printed mold-based soft lithography and spin coating for the fabrication of a multivascular network and multilayer structural retinal phantom with the appropriate optical properties. The feasibility of the retinal phantom as a test device was demonstrated with an OCTA system and a confocal retinal ophthalmoscope. Experiment results prove that the retinal phantom could provide an objective evaluation of the OCTA and confocal retinal ophthalmoscope. Furthermore, the microfluidic phantoms enabled by this fabrication technology may support the development and evaluation of other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhao
- Center for Medical Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, 18 North 3rd Ring East Rd., Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenli Liu
- Center for Medical Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, 18 North 3rd Ring East Rd., Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhixiong Hu
- Center for Medical Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, 18 North 3rd Ring East Rd., Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liangcheng Duan
- Center for Medical Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, 18 North 3rd Ring East Rd., Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fei Li
- Center for Medical Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, 18 North 3rd Ring East Rd., Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Baoyu Hong
- Center for Medical Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, 18 North 3rd Ring East Rd., Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
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7
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Ma J, Xie Q, Zhang Y, Xiao Q, Liu X, Qiao C, Tian Y. Advances in microfluidic technology for sperm screening and in vitro fertilization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3717-3735. [PMID: 38189916 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
About 18% of reproductive-age adults worldwide are affected by infertility. In vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are widely used assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) aimed at improving clinical outcomes. Efficient and noninvasive selection and isolation of highly motile sperm with intact DNA are essential for the success of IVF and ICSI and can potentially impact the therapeutic efficacy and the health of the offspring. Compared to traditional methods, microfluidic technology offers significant advantages such as low sample consumption, high efficiency, minimal damage, high integration, similar microenvironment, and high automation, providing a new platform for ARTs. Here, we review the current situation of microfluidic technology in the field of sperm motility screening and evaluation and IVF research. First, we focus on the working principle, structural design, and screening results of sperm selection microfluidic platforms. We then highlight how the multiple steps of the IVF process can be facilitated and integrated into a microfluidic chip, including oocyte capture, sperm collection and isolation, sperm sorting, fertilization, and embryo culture. Ultimately, we summarize how microfluidics can complement and optimize current sperm sorting and IVF protocols, and challenges and possible solutions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtong Ma
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China
| | - Qianlin Xie
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China
| | - Yusongjia Zhang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China
| | - Qirui Xiao
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110003, China.
| | - Chong Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110022, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
- Foshan Graduate School of Innovation, Northeastern University, Foshan, 528300, China.
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8
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Zhang Y, Yu H, Wang L, Wu X, He J, Huang W, Ouyang C, Chen D, Keshta BE. Advanced lithography materials: From fundamentals to applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 329:103197. [PMID: 38781827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The semiconductor industry has long been driven by advances in a nanofabrication technology known as lithography, and the fabrication of nanostructures on chips relies on an important coating, the photoresist layer. Photoresists are typically spin-coated to form a film and have a photolysis solubility transition and etch resistance that allow for rapid fabrication of nanostructures. As a result, photoresists have attracted great interest in both fundamental research and industrial applications. Currently, the semiconductor industry has entered the era of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) and expects photoresists to be able to fabricate sub-10 nm structures. In order to realize sub-10 nm nanofabrication, the development of photoresists faces several challenges in terms of sensitivity, etch resistance, and molecular size. In this paper, three types of lithographic mechanisms are reviewed to provide strategies for designing photoresists that can enable high-resolution nanofabrication. The discussion of the current state of the art in optical lithography is presented in depth. Practical applications of photoresists and related recent advances are summarized. Finally, the current achievements and remaining issues of photoresists are discussed and future research directions are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Haojie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang-Russia Joint Laboratory of Photo-Electron-Megnetic Functional Materials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang-Russia Joint Laboratory of Photo-Electron-Megnetic Functional Materials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xudong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jiawen He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Wenbing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chengaung Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Dingning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Basem E Keshta
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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9
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Hornik T, Terry M, Krause M, Catterlin JK, Joiner KL, Aragon S, Sarmiento A, Arias-Thode YM, Kartalov EP. Experimental Proof of Principle of 3D-Printed Microfluidic Benthic Microbial Fuel Cells (MBMFCs) with Inbuilt Biocompatible Carbon-Fiber Electrodes. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:870. [PMID: 39064381 PMCID: PMC11278569 DOI: 10.3390/mi15070870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a promising avenue for sustainable energy production by harnessing the metabolic activity of microorganisms. In this study, a novel design of MFC-a Microfluidic Benthic Microbial Fuel Cell (MBMFC)-was developed, fabricated, and tested to evaluate its electrical energy generation. The design focused on balancing microfluidic architecture and wiring procedures with microbial community dynamics to maximize power output and allow for upscaling and thus practical implementation. The testing phase involved experimentation to evaluate the performance of the MBMFC. Microbial feedstock was varied to assess its impact on power generation. The designed MBMFC represents a promising advancement in the field of bioenergy generation. By integrating innovative design principles with advanced fabrication techniques, this study demonstrates a systematic approach to optimizing MFC performance for sustainable and clean energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terak Hornik
- Physics Department, Naval Postgraduate School, 1 University Circle, Monterey, CA 93943, USA; (T.H.); (M.T.); (J.K.C.)
| | - Maxwell Terry
- Physics Department, Naval Postgraduate School, 1 University Circle, Monterey, CA 93943, USA; (T.H.); (M.T.); (J.K.C.)
| | - Michael Krause
- MOVES Institute, Naval Postgraduate School, 1 University Circle, Monterey, CA 93943, USA;
| | - Jeffrey K. Catterlin
- Physics Department, Naval Postgraduate School, 1 University Circle, Monterey, CA 93943, USA; (T.H.); (M.T.); (J.K.C.)
| | - Kevin L. Joiner
- Naval Information Warfare Center, San Diego, CA 92152, USA; (K.L.J.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Y.M.A.-T.)
| | - Samuel Aragon
- Naval Information Warfare Center, San Diego, CA 92152, USA; (K.L.J.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Y.M.A.-T.)
| | - Angelica Sarmiento
- Naval Information Warfare Center, San Diego, CA 92152, USA; (K.L.J.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (Y.M.A.-T.)
| | | | - Emil P. Kartalov
- Physics Department, Naval Postgraduate School, 1 University Circle, Monterey, CA 93943, USA; (T.H.); (M.T.); (J.K.C.)
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10
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Zhang K, Xi J, Wang Y, Xue J, Li B, Huang Z, Zheng Z, Liang N, Wei Z. A Microfluidic Chip-Based Automated System for Whole-Course Monitoring the Drug Responses of Organoids. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10092-10101. [PMID: 38833634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Tumor patients-derived organoids, as a promising preclinical prediction model, have been utilized to evaluate ex vivo drug responses for formulating optimal therapeutic strategies. Detecting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been widely used in existing organoid-based drug response tests. However, all commercial ATP detection kits containing the cell lysis procedure can only be applied for single time point ATP detection, resulting in the neglect of dynamic ATP variations in living cells. Meanwhile, due to the limited number of viable organoids from a single patient, it is impractical to exhaustively test all potential time points in search of optimal ones. In this work, a multifunctional microfluidic chip was developed to perform all procedures of organoid-based drug response tests, including establishment, culturing, drug treatment, and ATP monitoring of organoids. An ATP sensor was developed to facilitate the first successful attempt on whole-course monitoring the growth status of fragile organoids. To realize a clinically applicable automatic system for the drug testing of lung cancer, a microfluidic chip based automated system was developed to perform entire organoid-based drug response test, bridging the gap between laboratorial manipulation and clinical practices, as it outperformed previous methods by improving data repeatability, eliminating human error/sample loss, and more importantly, providing a more accurate and comprehensive evaluation of drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiyu Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianchao Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhicheng Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhibo Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Naixin Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zewen Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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11
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Li Z, Zhang S, Zhang J, Avery L, Banach D, Zhao H, Liu C. Palm-Sized Lab-In-A-Magnetofluidic Tube Platform for Rapid and Sensitive Virus Detection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2310066. [PMID: 38634211 PMCID: PMC11187901 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Simple, sensitive, and accurate molecular diagnostics are critical for preventing rapid spread of infection and initiating early treatment of diseases. However, current molecular detection methods typically rely on extensive nucleic acid sample preparation and expensive instrumentation. Here, a simple, fully integrated, lab-in-a-magnetofluidic tube (LIAMT) platform is presented for "sample-to-result" molecular detection of virus. By leveraging magnetofluidic transport of micro/nano magnetic beads, the LIAMT device integrates viral lysis, nucleic acid extraction, isothermal amplification, and CRISPR detection within a single engineered microcentrifuge tube. To enable point-of-care molecular diagnostics, a palm-sized processor is developed for magnetofluidic separation, nucleic acid amplification, and visual fluorescence detection. The LIAMT platform is applied to detect SARS-CoV-2 and HIV viruses, achieving a detection sensitivity of 73.4 and 63.9 copies µL-1, respectively. Its clinical utility is further demonstrated by detecting SARS-CoV-2 and HIV in clinical samples. This simple, affordable, and portable LIAMT platform holds promise for rapid and sensitive molecular diagnostics of infectious diseases at the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Li
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonConnecticut06030USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269USA
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonConnecticut06030USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269USA
| | - Jiongyu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonConnecticut06030USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269USA
| | - Lori Avery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonConnecticut06030USA
| | - David Banach
- Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonConnecticut06030USA
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of NevadaLas VegasNevada89154USA
| | - Changchun Liu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonConnecticut06030USA
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Morais AS, Mendes M, Cordeiro MA, Sousa JJ, Pais AC, Mihăilă SM, Vitorino C. Organ-on-a-Chip: Ubi sumus? Fundamentals and Design Aspects. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:615. [PMID: 38794277 PMCID: PMC11124787 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review outlines the evolutionary journey from traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture to the revolutionary field of organ-on-a-chip technology. Organ-on-a-chip technology integrates microfluidic systems to mimic the complex physiological environments of human organs, surpassing the limitations of conventional 2D cultures. This evolution has opened new possibilities for understanding cell-cell interactions, cellular responses, drug screening, and disease modeling. However, the design and manufacture of microchips significantly influence their functionality, reliability, and applicability to different biomedical applications. Therefore, it is important to carefully consider design parameters, including the number of channels (single, double, or multi-channels), the channel shape, and the biological context. Simultaneously, the selection of appropriate materials compatible with the cells and fabrication methods optimize the chips' capabilities for specific applications, mitigating some disadvantages associated with these systems. Furthermore, the success of organ-on-a-chip platforms greatly depends on the careful selection and utilization of cell resources. Advances in stem cell technology and tissue engineering have contributed to the availability of diverse cell sources, facilitating the development of more accurate and reliable organ-on-a-chip models. In conclusion, a holistic perspective of in vitro cellular modeling is provided, highlighting the integration of microfluidic technology and meticulous chip design, which play a pivotal role in replicating organ-specific microenvironments. At the same time, the sensible use of cell resources ensures the fidelity and applicability of these innovative platforms in several biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Morais
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.C.); (J.J.S.)
| | - Maria Mendes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.C.); (J.J.S.)
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Marta Agostinho Cordeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.C.); (J.J.S.)
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - João J. Sousa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.C.); (J.J.S.)
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Alberto Canelas Pais
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Silvia M. Mihăilă
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.C.); (J.J.S.)
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
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Yang J, An X, Lu B, Cao H, Cheng Z, Tong X, Liu H, Ni Y. Lignin: A multi-faceted role/function in 3D printing inks. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131364. [PMID: 38583844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
3D printing technology demonstrates significant potential for the rapid fabrication of tailored geometric structures. Nevertheless, the prevalent use of fossil-derived compositions in printable inks within the realm of 3D printing results in considerable environmental pollution and ecological consequences. Lignin, the second most abundant biomass source on earth, possesses attributes such as cost-effectiveness, renewability, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. Enriched with active functional groups including hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, and methyl, coupled with its rigid aromatic ring structure and inherent anti-oxidative and thermoplastic properties, lignin emerges as a promising candidate for formulating printable inks. This comprehensive review presents the utilization of lignin, either in conjunction with functional materials or through the modification of lignin derivatives, as the primary constituent (≥50 wt%) for formulating printable inks across photo-curing-based (SLA/DLP) and extrusion-based (DIW/FDM) printing technologies. Furthermore, lignin as an additive with multi-faceted roles/functions in 3D printing inks is explored. The effects of lignin on the properties of printing inks and printed objects are evaluated. Finally, this review outlines future perspectives, emphasizing key obstacles and potential opportunities for facilitating the high-value utilization of lignin in the realm of 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Xingye An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Bin Lu
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Haibing Cao
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Zhengbai Cheng
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Xin Tong
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
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Young OM, Xu X, Sarker S, Sochol RD. Direct laser writing-enabled 3D printing strategies for microfluidic applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2371-2396. [PMID: 38576361 PMCID: PMC11060139 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00743j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, additive manufacturing-or "three-dimensional (3D) printing"-has attracted increasing attention in the Lab on a Chip community as a pathway to achieve sophisticated system architectures that are difficult or infeasible to fabricate via conventional means. One particularly promising 3D manufacturing technology is "direct laser writing (DLW)", which leverages two-photon (or multi-photon) polymerization (2PP) phenomena to enable high geometric versatility, print speeds, and precision at length scales down to the 100 nm range. Although researchers have demonstrated the potential of using DLW for microfluidic applications ranging from organ on a chip and drug delivery to micro/nanoparticle processing and soft microrobotics, such scenarios present unique challenges for DLW. Specifically, microfluidic systems typically require macro-to-micro fluidic interfaces (e.g., inlet and outlet ports) to facilitate fluidic loading, control, and retrieval operations; however, DLW-based 3D printing relies on a micron-to-submicron-sized 2PP volume element (i.e., "voxel") that is poorly suited for manufacturing these larger-scale fluidic interfaces. In this Tutorial Review, we highlight and discuss the four most prominent strategies that researchers have developed to circumvent this trade-off and realize macro-to-micro interfaces for DLW-enabled microfluidic components and systems. In addition, we consider the possibility that-with the advent of next-generation commercial DLW printers equipped with new dynamic voxel tuning, print field, and laser power capabilities-the overall utility of DLW strategies for Lab on a Chip fields may soon expand dramatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Young
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Sunandita Sarker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Ryan D Sochol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Lee D, Ruf M, Karadimitriou N, Steeb H, Manousidaki M, Varouchakis EA, Tzortzakis S, Yiotis A. Development of stochastically reconstructed 3D porous media micromodels using additive manufacturing: numerical and experimental validation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9375. [PMID: 38654100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We propose an integrated methodology for the design and fabrication of 3D micromodels that are suitable for the pore-scale study of transport processes in macroporous materials. The micromodels, that bear the pore-scale characteristics of sandstone, such as porosity, mean pore size, etc, are designed following a stochastic reconstruction algorithm that allows for fine-tuning the porosity and the correlation length of the spatial distribution of the solid material. We then construct a series of 3D micromodels at very fine resolution (i.e. 16 μ m) using a state-of-the-art 3D printing infrastructure, specifically a ProJet MJP3600 3D printer, that utilizes the Material Jetting technology. Within the technical constraints of the 3D printer resolution, the fabricated micromodels represent scaled-up replicas of natural sandstones, that are suitable for the study of the scaling between the permeability, the porosity and the mean pore size. The REV- and pore-scale characteristics of the resulting physical micromodels are recovered using a combination of X-ray micro-CT and microfluidic studies. The experimental results are then compared with single-phase flow simulations at pore-scale and geostatistic models in order to determine the effects of the design parameters on the intrinsic permeability and the spatial correlation of the velocity profile. Our numerical and experimental measurements reveal an excellent match between the properties of the designed and fabricated 3D domains, thus demonstrating the robustness of the proposed methodology for the construction of 3D micromodels with fine-tuned and well-controlled pore-scale characteristics. Furthermore, a pore-scale numerical study over a wider range of 3D digital domain realizations reveals a very good match of the measured permeabilities with the predictions of the Kozeny-Carman formulation based on a single control parameter, k 0 , that is found to have a practically constant value for porosities ϕ ≥ 0.2 . This, in turn, enables us to customize the sample size to meet REV constraints, including enlarging pore morphology while considering the Reynolds number. It is also found that at lower porosities there is a significant increase in the fraction of the non-percolating pores, thus leading to different k 0 , as the porosity approaches a numerically determined critical porosity value, ϕ c , where the domain is no longer percolating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwon Lee
- Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Matthias Ruf
- Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Karadimitriou
- Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Holger Steeb
- Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- SC SimTech, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 5, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mary Manousidaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanouil A Varouchakis
- School of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100, Chania, Greece
| | - Stelios Tzortzakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andreas Yiotis
- School of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100, Chania, Greece
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16
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Pradela Filho LA, Paixão TRLC, Nordin GP, Woolley AT. Leveraging the third dimension in microfluidic devices using 3D printing: no longer just scratching the surface. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2031-2037. [PMID: 37470814 PMCID: PMC10799186 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
3D printers utilize cutting-edge technologies to create three-dimensional objects and are attractive tools for engineering compact microfluidic platforms with complex architectures for chemical and biochemical analyses. 3D printing's popularity is associated with the freedom of creating intricate designs using inexpensive instrumentation, and these tools can produce miniaturized platforms in minutes, facilitating fabrication scaleup. This work discusses key challenges in producing three-dimensional microfluidic structures using currently available 3D printers, addressing considerations about printer capabilities and software limitations encountered in the design and processing of new architectures. This article further communicates the benefits of using three-dimensional structures, including the ability to scalably produce miniaturized analytical systems and the possibility of combining them with multiple processes, such as mixing, pumping, pre-concentration, and detection. Besides increasing analytical applicability, such three-dimensional architectures are important in the eventual design of commercial devices since they can decrease user interferences and reduce the volume of reagents or samples required, making assays more reliable and rapid. Moreover, this manuscript provides insights into research directions involving 3D-printed microfluidic devices. Finally, this work offers an outlook for future developments to provide and take advantage of 3D microfluidic functionality in 3D printing. Graphical abstract Creating three-dimensional microfluidic structures using 3D printing will enable key advances and novel applications in (bio)chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro A Pradela Filho
- Department of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - Gregory P Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
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17
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Gurkan UA, Wood DK, Carranza D, Herbertson LH, Diamond SL, Du E, Guha S, Di Paola J, Hines PC, Papautsky I, Shevkoplyas SS, Sniadecki NJ, Pamula VK, Sundd P, Rizwan A, Qasba P, Lam WA. Next generation microfluidics: fulfilling the promise of lab-on-a-chip technologies. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1867-1874. [PMID: 38487919 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00796k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technologies enable the analysis and manipulation of small fluid volumes and particles at small scales and the control of fluid flow and transport processes at the microscale, leading to the development of new methods to address a broad range of scientific and medical challenges. Microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip technologies have made a noteworthy impact in basic, preclinical, and clinical research, especially in hematology and vascular biology due to the inherent ability of microfluidics to mimic physiologic flow conditions in blood vessels and capillaries. With the potential to significantly impact translational research and clinical diagnostics, technical issues and incentive mismatches have stymied microfluidics from fulfilling this promise. We describe how accessibility, usability, and manufacturability of microfluidic technologies should be improved and how a shift in mindset and incentives within the field is also needed to address these issues. In this report, we discuss the state of the microfluidic field regarding current limitations and propose future directions and new approaches for the field to advance microfluidic technologies closer to translation and clinical use. While our report focuses on using blood as the prototypical biofluid sample, the proposed ideas and research directions can be extrapolated to other areas of hematology, oncology, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - E Du
- Florida Atlantic University, USA
| | | | | | - Patrick C Hines
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
- Functional Fluidics, Inc., USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Prithu Sundd
- VERSITI Blood Research Institute and Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
| | - Asif Rizwan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, USA
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18
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Hayes B, Murphy C, Marquez Rubio J, Solis D, Jayaram K, MacCurdy R. Characterization of organic fouling on thermal bubble-driven micro-pumps. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:290-304. [PMID: 38785127 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2353034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Thermal bubble-driven micro-pumps are an upcoming micro-actuator technology that can be directly integrated into micro/mesofluidic channels, have no moving parts, and leverage existing mass production fabrication approaches. These micro-pumps consist of a high-power micro-resistor that boils fluid in microseconds to create a high-pressure vapor bubble which performs mechanical work. As such, these micro-pumps hold great promise for micro/mesofluidic systems such as lab-on-a-chip technologies. However, to date, no current work has studied the interaction of these micro-pumps with biofluids such as blood and protein-rich fluids. In this study, the effects of organic fouling due to egg albumin and bovine whole blood are characterized using stroboscopic high-speed imaging and a custom deep learning neural network based on transfer learning of RESNET-18. It was found that the growth of a fouling film inhibited vapor bubble formation. A new metric to quantify the extent of fouling was proposed using the decrease in vapor bubble area as a function of the number of micro-pump firing events. Fouling due to egg albumin and bovine whole blood was found to significantly degrade pump performance as well as the lifetime of thermal bubble-driven micro-pumps to less than 104 firings, which may necessitate the use of protective thin film coatings to prevent the buildup of a fouling layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Hayes
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Cillian Murphy
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Janeth Marquez Rubio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Daimean Solis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kaushik Jayaram
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert MacCurdy
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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19
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Butler D, Reyes DR. Heart-on-a-chip systems: disease modeling and drug screening applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1494-1528. [PMID: 38318723 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00829k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, casting a substantial economic footprint and burdening the global healthcare system. Historically, pre-clinical CVD modeling and therapeutic screening have been performed using animal models. Unfortunately, animal models oftentimes fail to adequately mimic human physiology, leading to a poor translation of therapeutics from pre-clinical trials to consumers. Even those that make it to market can be removed due to unforeseen side effects. As such, there exists a clinical, technological, and economical need for systems that faithfully capture human (patho)physiology for modeling CVD, assessing cardiotoxicity, and evaluating drug efficacy. Heart-on-a-chip (HoC) systems are a part of the broader organ-on-a-chip paradigm that leverages microfluidics, tissue engineering, microfabrication, electronics, and gene editing to create human-relevant models for studying disease, drug-induced side effects, and therapeutic efficacy. These compact systems can be capable of real-time measurements and on-demand characterization of tissue behavior and could revolutionize the drug development process. In this review, we highlight the key components that comprise a HoC system followed by a review of contemporary reports of their use in disease modeling, drug toxicity and efficacy assessment, and as part of multi-organ-on-a-chip platforms. We also discuss future perspectives and challenges facing the field, including a discussion on the role that standardization is expected to play in accelerating the widespread adoption of these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Butler
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Darwin R Reyes
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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20
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Ece E, Ölmez K, Hacıosmanoğlu N, Atabay M, Inci F. Advancing 3D printed microfluidics with computational methods for sweat analysis. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:162. [PMID: 38411762 PMCID: PMC10899357 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The intricate tapestry of biomarkers, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vesicles, and nucleic acids within sweat, exhibits a profound correlation with the ones in the bloodstream. The facile extraction of samples from sweat glands has recently positioned sweat sampling at the forefront of non-invasive health monitoring and diagnostics. While extant platforms for sweat analysis exist, the imperative for portability, cost-effectiveness, ease of manufacture, and expeditious turnaround underscores the necessity for parameters that transcend conventional considerations. In this regard, 3D printed microfluidic devices emerge as promising systems, offering a harmonious fusion of attributes such as multifunctional integration, flexibility, biocompatibility, a controlled closed environment, and a minimal requisite analyte volume-features that leverage their prominence in the realm of sweat analysis. However, formidable challenges, including high throughput demands, chemical interactions intrinsic to the printing materials, size constraints, and durability concerns, beset the landscape of 3D printed microfluidic devices. Within this paradigm, we expound upon the foundational aspects of 3D printed microfluidic devices and proffer a distinctive perspective by delving into the computational study of printing materials utilizing density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) methodologies. This multifaceted approach serves manifold purposes: (i) understanding the complexity of microfluidic systems, (ii) facilitating comprehensive analyses, (iii) saving both cost and time, (iv) improving design optimization, and (v) augmenting resolution. In a nutshell, the allure of 3D printing lies in its capacity for affordable and expeditious production, offering seamless integration of diverse components into microfluidic devices-a testament to their inherent utility in the domain of sweat analysis. The synergistic fusion of computational assessment methodologies with materials science not only optimizes analysis and production processes, but also expedites their widespread accessibility, ensuring continuous biomarker monitoring from sweat for end-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Ece
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Ölmez
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nedim Hacıosmanoğlu
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maryam Atabay
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Inci
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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21
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Fleck E, Keck C, Ryszka K, Zhang A, Atie M, Maddox S, Potkay J. Toward 3D printed microfluidic artificial lungs for respiratory support. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:955-965. [PMID: 38275173 PMCID: PMC10863644 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00814b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic artificial lungs (μALs) are a new class of membrane oxygenators. Compared to traditional hollow-fiber oxygenators, μALs closely mimic the alveolar microenvironment due to their size-scale and promise improved gas exchange efficiency, hemocompatibility, biomimetic blood flow networks, and physiologically relevant blood vessel pressures and shear stresses. Clinical translation of μALs has been stalled by restrictive microfabrication techniques that limit potential artificial lung geometries, overall device size, and throughput. To address these limitations, a high-resolution Asiga MAX X27 UV digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer and custom photopolymerizable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) resin were used to rapidly manufacture small-scale μALs via vat photopolymerization (VPP). Devices were designed in SOLIDWORKS with 500 blood channels and 252 gas channels, where gas and blood flow channels were oriented orthogonally and separated by membranes on the top and bottom, permitting two-sided gas exchange. Successful devices were post-processed to remove uncured resin from microchannels and assembled with external tubing in preparation for gas exchange performance testing with ovine whole blood. 3D printed channel dimensions were 172 μm-tall × 320 μm-wide, with 62 μm-thick membranes and 124 μm-wide support columns. Measured outlet blood oxygen saturation (SO2) agreed with theoretical models and rated flow of the device was 1 mL min-1. Blood side pressure drop was 1.58 mmHg at rated flow. This work presents the highest density of 3D printed microchannels in a single device, one of the highest CO2 transfer efficiencies of any artificial lung to date, and a promising approach to translate μALs one step closer to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Fleck
- ECLS Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Charlise Keck
- ECLS Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Karolina Ryszka
- ECLS Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Andrew Zhang
- ECLS Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Michael Atie
- ECLS Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Sydney Maddox
- ECLS Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Joseph Potkay
- ECLS Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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22
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Finny AS. 3D bioprinting in bioremediation: a comprehensive review of principles, applications, and future directions. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16897. [PMID: 38344299 PMCID: PMC10859081 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioremediation is experiencing a paradigm shift by integrating three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. This transformative approach augments the precision and versatility of engineering with the functional capabilities of material science to create environmental restoration strategies. This comprehensive review elucidates the foundational principles of 3D bioprinting technology for bioremediation, its current applications in bioremediation, and the prospective avenues for future research and technological evolution, emphasizing the intersection of additive manufacturing, functionalized biosystems, and environmental remediation; this review delineates how 3D bioprinting can tailor bioremediation apparatus to maximize pollutant degradation and removal. Innovations in biofabrication have yielded bio-based and biodegradable materials conducive to microbial proliferation and pollutant sequestration, thereby addressing contamination and adhering to sustainability precepts. The review presents an in-depth analysis of the application of 3D bioprinted constructs in enhancing bioremediation efforts, exemplifying the synergy between biological systems and engineered solutions. Concurrently, the review critically addresses the inherent challenges of incorporating 3D bioprinted materials into diverse ecological settings, including assessing their environmental impact, durability, and integration into large-scale bioremediation projects. Future perspectives discussed encompass the exploration of novel biocompatible materials, the automation of bioremediation, and the convergence of 3D bioprinting with cutting-edge fields such as nanotechnology and other emerging fields. This article posits 3D bioprinting as a cornerstone of next-generation bioremediation practices, offering scalable, customizable, and potentially greener solutions for reclaiming contaminated environments. Through this review, stakeholders in environmental science, engineering, and technology are provided with a critical appraisal of the current state of 3D bioprinting in bioremediation and its potential to drive forward the efficacy of environmental management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Samuel Finny
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, United States
- Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, United States
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23
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Schneider PJ, Christie LB, Eadie NM, Siskar TJ, Sukhotskiy V, Koh D, Wang A, Oh KW. Pysanky to Microfluidics: An Innovative Wax-Based Approach to Low Cost, Rapid Prototyping of Microfluidic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:240. [PMID: 38398969 PMCID: PMC10892862 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
A wax-based contact printing method to create microfluidic devices is demonstrated. This printing technology demonstrates a new pathway to rapid, cost-effective device prototyping, eliminating the use of expensive micromachining equipment and chemicals. Derived from the traditional Ukrainian Easter egg painting technique called "pysanky" a series of microfluidic devices were created. Pysanky is the use of a heated wax stylus, known as a "kistka", to create micro-sized, intricate designs on the surface of an egg. The proposed technique involves the modification of an x-y-z actuation translation system with a wax extruder tip in junction with Polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) device fabrication techniques. Initial system optimization was performed considering design parameters such as extruder tip size, contact angle, write speed, substrate temperature, and wax temperature. Channels created ranged from 160 to 900 μm wide and 10 to 150 μm high based upon system operating parameters set by the user. To prove the capabilities of this technology, a series of microfluidic mixers were created via the wax technique as well as through traditional photolithography: a spiral mixer, a rainbow mixer, and a linear serial dilutor. A thermo-fluidic computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was generated as a means of enabling rational tuning, critical to the optimization of systems in both normal and extreme conditions. A comparison between the computational and experimental models yielded a wax height of 57.98 μm and 57.30 μm, respectively, and cross-sectional areas of 11,568 μm2 and 12,951 μm2, respectively, resulting in an error of 1.18% between the heights and 10.76% between the cross-sectional areas. The device's performance was then compared using both qualitative and quantitative measures, considering factors such as device performance, channel uniformity, repeatability, and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Schneider
- SMALL (Sensors and Micro Actuators Learning Lab), Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY at Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (P.J.S.); (L.B.C.); (V.S.); (D.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Liam B. Christie
- SMALL (Sensors and Micro Actuators Learning Lab), Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY at Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (P.J.S.); (L.B.C.); (V.S.); (D.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Nicholas M. Eadie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY at Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;
| | - Tyler J. Siskar
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY at Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;
| | - Viktor Sukhotskiy
- SMALL (Sensors and Micro Actuators Learning Lab), Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY at Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (P.J.S.); (L.B.C.); (V.S.); (D.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Domin Koh
- SMALL (Sensors and Micro Actuators Learning Lab), Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY at Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (P.J.S.); (L.B.C.); (V.S.); (D.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Anyang Wang
- SMALL (Sensors and Micro Actuators Learning Lab), Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY at Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (P.J.S.); (L.B.C.); (V.S.); (D.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Kwang W. Oh
- SMALL (Sensors and Micro Actuators Learning Lab), Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY at Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (P.J.S.); (L.B.C.); (V.S.); (D.K.); (A.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY at Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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24
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Jambhulkar S, Ravichandran D, Zhu Y, Thippanna V, Ramanathan A, Patil D, Fonseca N, Thummalapalli SV, Sundaravadivelan B, Sun A, Xu W, Yang S, Kannan AM, Golan Y, Lancaster J, Chen L, Joyee EB, Song K. Nanoparticle Assembly: From Self-Organization to Controlled Micropatterning for Enhanced Functionalities. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306394. [PMID: 37775949 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles form long-range micropatterns via self-assembly or directed self-assembly with superior mechanical, electrical, optical, magnetic, chemical, and other functional properties for broad applications, such as structural supports, thermal exchangers, optoelectronics, microelectronics, and robotics. The precisely defined particle assembly at the nanoscale with simultaneously scalable patterning at the microscale is indispensable for enabling functionality and improving the performance of devices. This article provides a comprehensive review of nanoparticle assembly formed primarily via the balance of forces at the nanoscale (e.g., van der Waals, colloidal, capillary, convection, and chemical forces) and nanoparticle-template interactions (e.g., physical confinement, chemical functionalization, additive layer-upon-layer). The review commences with a general overview of nanoparticle self-assembly, with the state-of-the-art literature review and motivation. It subsequently reviews the recent progress in nanoparticle assembly without the presence of surface templates. Manufacturing techniques for surface template fabrication and their influence on nanoparticle assembly efficiency and effectiveness are then explored. The primary focus is the spatial organization and orientational preference of nanoparticles on non-templated and pre-templated surfaces in a controlled manner. Moreover, the article discusses broad applications of micropatterned surfaces, encompassing various fields. Finally, the review concludes with a summary of manufacturing methods, their limitations, and future trends in nanoparticle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayli Jambhulkar
- Systems Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Dharneedar Ravichandran
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Yuxiang Zhu
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Varunkumar Thippanna
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Arunachalam Ramanathan
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Dhanush Patil
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Nathan Fonseca
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Sri Vaishnavi Thummalapalli
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Barath Sundaravadivelan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Allen Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Weiheng Xu
- Systems Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Sui Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (SEMTE), Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Arunachala Mada Kannan
- The Polytechnic School (TPS), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Yuval Golan
- Department of Materials Engineering and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Jessica Lancaster
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA
| | - Erina B Joyee
- Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Kenan Song
- School of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural, and Mechanical Engineering (ECAM), College of Engineering, University of Georgia (UGA), Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Adjunct Professor of School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
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25
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Hamza A, Navale A, Song Q, Bhagwat S, Kotz-Helmer F, Pezeshkpour P, Rapp BE. 3D printed microfluidic valve on PCB for flow control applications using liquid metal. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:14. [PMID: 38289398 PMCID: PMC10827904 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-024-00697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Direct 3D printing of active microfluidic elements on PCB substrates enables high-speed fabrication of stand-alone microdevices for a variety of health and energy applications. Microvalves are key components of microfluidic devices and liquid metal (LM) microvalves exhibit promising flow control in microsystems integrated with PCBs. In this paper, we demonstrate LM microvalves directly 3D printed on PCB using advanced digital light processing (DLP). Electrodes on PCB are coated by carbon ink to prevent alloying between gallium-based LM plug and copper electrodes. We used DLP 3D printers with in-house developed acrylic-based resins, Isobornyl Acrylate, and Diurethane Dimethacrylate (DUDMA) and functionalized PCB surface with acrylic-based resin for strong bonding. Valving seats are printed in a 3D caterpillar geometry with chamber diameter of 700 µm. We successfully printed channels and nozzles down to 90 µm. Aiming for microvalves for low-power applications, we applied square-wave voltage of 2 Vpp at a range of frequencies between 5 to 35 Hz. The results show precise control of the bistable valving mechanism based on electrochemical actuation of LMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hamza
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anagha Navale
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Qingchuan Song
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sagar Bhagwat
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Kotz-Helmer
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pegah Pezeshkpour
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Bastian E Rapp
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Lin WZS, Bostic WKV, Malmstadt N. 3D-printed microfluidic device for high-throughput production of lipid nanoparticles incorporating SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mRNA. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:162-170. [PMID: 38165143 PMCID: PMC10853008 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00520h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are drug carriers for protecting nucleic acids for cellular delivery. The first mRNA vaccines authorized by the United States Food and Drug Administration are the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) and BNT162b (BioNTech/Pfizer) vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We designed a 3D printed Omnidirectional Sheath-flow Enabled Microfluidics (OSEM) device for producing mRNA-loaded LNPs that closely resemble the Moderna vaccine: we used the same lipid formulations to encapsulate mRNA encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The OSEM device is made of durable methacrylate-based materials that can support flow rates in the mL min-1 range and was fabricated by stereolithography (SLA), incorporating readily adaptable interfaces using commercial fluidic connectors. Two key features of the OSEM device are: 1) a 4-way hydrodynamic flow focusing region and 2) a staggered herringbone mixer (SHM). Superior to conventional planar fluid junctions, the 4-way sheath flow channel generates an evenly focused, circular center flow that facilitates the formation of LNPs with low polydispersity. Downstream, fluid mixing in the SHM is intensified by incorporating a zig-zag fluidic pathway to deliver high mRNA encapsulation efficiency. We characterized the mRNA-loaded LNPs produced in the OSEM device and showed that the enhanced 3D microfluidic structures enable a 5-fold higher throughput production rate (60 mL min-1) of LNPs compared to commercial multi-thousand-dollar micromixers. The device produced LNPs of diameter less than 90 nm, with low polydispersity (2-8%) and high mRNA encapsulation efficiency (>90%). The 3D-printed device provides a cost-effective and easily prepared solution for high-throughput LNP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Zhen Sophie Lin
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
| | - William Kristian Vu Bostic
- USC Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Noah Malmstadt
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
- USC Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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27
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Patel D, Shetty S, Acha C, Pantoja IEM, Zhao A, George D, Gracias DH. Microinstrumentation for Brain Organoids. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2302456. [PMID: 38217546 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Brain organoids are three-dimensional aggregates of self-organized differentiated stem cells that mimic the structure and function of human brain regions. Organoids bridge the gaps between conventional drug screening models such as planar mammalian cell culture, animal studies, and clinical trials. They can revolutionize the fields of developmental biology, neuroscience, toxicology, and computer engineering. Conventional microinstrumentation for conventional cellular engineering, such as planar microfluidic chips; microelectrode arrays (MEAs); and optical, magnetic, and acoustic techniques, has limitations when applied to three-dimensional (3D) organoids, primarily due to their limits with inherently two-dimensional geometry and interfacing. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new instrumentation compatible with live cell culture techniques and with scalable 3D formats relevant to organoids. This review discusses conventional planar approaches and emerging 3D microinstrumentation necessary for advanced organoid-machine interfaces. Specifically, this article surveys recently developed microinstrumentation, including 3D printed and curved microfluidics, 3D and fast-scan optical techniques, buckling and self-folding MEAs, 3D interfaces for electrochemical measurements, and 3D spatially controllable magnetic and acoustic technologies relevant to two-way information transfer with brain organoids. This article highlights key challenges that must be addressed for robust organoid culture and reliable 3D spatiotemporal information transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Saniya Shetty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Chris Acha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Itzy E Morales Pantoja
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Alice Zhao
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Derosh George
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - David H Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for MicroPhysiological Systems (MPS), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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28
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Mahmood A, Perveen F, Chen S, Akram T, Irfan A. Polymer Composites in 3D/4D Printing: Materials, Advances, and Prospects. Molecules 2024; 29:319. [PMID: 38257232 PMCID: PMC10818632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly referred to as 3D printing, has revolutionized the manufacturing landscape by enabling the intricate layer-by-layer construction of three-dimensional objects. In contrast to traditional methods relying on molds and tools, AM provides the flexibility to fabricate diverse components directly from digital models without the need for physical alterations to machinery. Four-dimensional printing is a revolutionary extension of 3D printing that introduces the dimension of time, enabling dynamic transformations in printed structures over predetermined periods. This comprehensive review focuses on polymeric materials in 3D printing, exploring their versatile processing capabilities, environmental adaptability, and applications across thermoplastics, thermosetting materials, elastomers, polymer composites, shape memory polymers (SMPs), including liquid crystal elastomer (LCE), and self-healing polymers for 4D printing. This review also examines recent advancements in microvascular and encapsulation self-healing mechanisms, explores the potential of supramolecular polymers, and highlights the latest progress in hybrid printing using polymer-metal and polymer-ceramic composites. Finally, this paper offers insights into potential challenges faced in the additive manufacturing of polymer composites and suggests avenues for future research in this dynamic and rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyaz Mahmood
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China;
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610054, China
- School of Art and Design, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
- Dongguan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Fouzia Perveen
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shenggui Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China;
- School of Art and Design, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
- Dongguan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Tayyaba Akram
- Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Felix BM, Young OM, Andreou JT, Sarker S, Fuge MD, Krieger A, Weiss CR, Bailey CR, Sochol RD. FABRICATION OF MULTILUMEN MICROFLUIDIC TUBING FOR EX SITU DIRECT LASER WRITING. PROCEEDINGS. IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 2024; 2024:1158-1161. [PMID: 38516341 PMCID: PMC10955428 DOI: 10.1109/mems58180.2024.10439522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Among the numerous additive manufacturing or "three-dimensional (3D) printing" techniques, two-photon Direct Laser Writing (DLW) is distinctively suited for applications that demand high geometric versatility with micron-to-submicron-scale feature resolutions. Recently, "ex situ DLW (esDLW)" has emerged as a powerful approach for printing 3D microfluidic structures directly atop meso/macroscale fluidic tubing that can be manipulated by hand; however, difficulties in creating custom esDLW-compatible multilumen tubing at such scales has hindered progress. To address this impediment, here we introduce a novel methodology for fabricating submillimeter multilumen tubing for esDLW 3D printing. Preliminary fabrication results demonstrate the utility of the presented strategy for resolving 743 μm-in-diameter tubing with three lumens-each with an inner diameter (ID) of 80 μm. Experimental results not only revealed independent flow of discrete fluorescently labelled fluids through each of the three lumens, but also effective esDLW-printing of a demonstrative 3D "MEMS" microstructure atop the tubing. These results suggest that the presented approach could offer a promising pathway to enable geometrically sophisticated microfluidic systems to be 3D printed with input and/or output ports fully sealed to multiple, distinct lumens of fluidic tubing for emerging applications in fields ranging from drug delivery and medical diagnostics to soft surgical robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey M Felix
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Olivia M Young
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jordi T Andreou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sunandita Sarker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mark D Fuge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Axel Krieger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clifford R Weiss
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher R Bailey
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan D Sochol
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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30
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McNair MC, Cocioba SC, Pietrzyk P, Rife TW. Toward an open-source 3D-printable laboratory. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2024; 12:e11562. [PMID: 38369980 PMCID: PMC10873812 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Premise Low-cost, repairable lab equipment is rare within the biological sciences. By lowering the costs of entry using 3D printing and open-source hardware, our goal is to empower both amateur and professional scientists to conduct research. Methods We developed a modular system of 3D-printable designs called COBLE (Collection of Bespoke Laboratory Equipment), including novel and remixed 3D-printable lab equipment that can be inexpensively printed, assembled, and repaired for a fraction of the cost of retail equivalents. Results Here we present novel tools that utilize 3D printing to enable a wide range of scientific experiments. We include additional resources for scientists and labs that are interested in utilizing 3D printing for their research. Discussion By describing the broad potential that 3D-printed designs can have in the biological sciences, we hope to inspire others to implement and improve upon these designs, improving accessibility and enabling science for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason C. McNair
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pee Dee Research and Education CenterClemson University2200 Pocket RoadFlorenceSouth Carolina29506USA
| | - Sebastian C. Cocioba
- Binomica Labs4301 22nd Street, Floor 3, Studio 342, Long Island CityNew York11101USA
| | - Peter Pietrzyk
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Georgia120 Carlton StreetAthensGeorgia30602USA
| | - Trevor W. Rife
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pee Dee Research and Education CenterClemson University2200 Pocket RoadFlorenceSouth Carolina29506USA
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31
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Kang JW, Jeon J, Lee JY, Jeon JH, Hong J. Surface-Wetting Characteristics of DLP-Based 3D Printing Outcomes under Various Printing Conditions for Microfluidic Device Fabrication. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:61. [PMID: 38258180 PMCID: PMC10820386 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In recent times, the utilization of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, particularly a variant using digital light processing (DLP), has gained increasing fascination in the realm of microfluidic research because it has proven advantageous and expedient for constructing microscale 3D structures. The surface wetting characteristics (e.g., contact angle and contact angle hysteresis) of 3D-printed microstructures are crucial factors influencing the operational effectiveness of 3D-printed microfluidic devices. Therefore, this study systematically examines the surface wetting characteristics of DLP-based 3D printing objects, focusing on various printing conditions such as lamination (or layer) thickness and direction. We preferentially examine the impact of lamination thickness on the surface roughness of 3D-printed structures through a quantitative assessment using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The influence of lamination thicknesses and lamination direction on the contact angle and contact angle hysteresis of both aqueous and oil droplets on the surfaces of 3D-printed outputs is then quantified. Finally, the performance of a DLP 3D-printed microfluidic device under various printing conditions is assessed. Current research indicates a connection between printing parameters, surface roughness, wetting properties, and capillary movement in 3D-printed microchannels. This correlation will greatly aid in the progress of microfluidic devices produced using DLP-based 3D printing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jiwoo Hong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.K.); (J.J.); (J.-Y.L.); (J.-H.J.)
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32
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Hernández-Rodríguez JF, Rojas D, Escarpa A. Print-Pause-Print Fabrication of Tailored Electrochemical Microfluidic Devices. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18679-18684. [PMID: 38095628 PMCID: PMC10753525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has emerged as a powerful technology for the fabrication of low-cost microfluidics. Nevertheless, the fabrication of microfluidic devices integrating high-performance electrochemical sensors in practical applications is still an open challenge. Although automatic fabrication of the microfluidic device and the electrodes can be successfully carried out using a one-step multimaterial fused filament fabrication (FFF) approach, the as-printed electrochemical performance of these electrodes is not good enough for chemical (bio)sensing and their surface modification is challenging because after closing the channel there is no physical access to the electrode. Thus, here a pause-print-pause (PPP) microfabrication approach was implemented. The fabrication was paused before printing the microfluidics, and the filament-based electrodes were directly modified on the printing bed via stencil printing, drop casting, and electrodeposition. To exemplify this versatile workflow, the design of a microfluidic glucose sensor was proposed. To this end, first, the working and counter electrodes were stencil printed with graphite ink while the reference electrode was stencil printed with Ag|AgCl ink. Then, Prussian blue was formed on the working electrode either by drop casting or by electrodeposition, and glucose oxidase was drop cast on top. At this point, the microfabrication process was resumed, and the microfluidics were printed on top of the modified electrodes to complete the construction of hybrid electrochemical fluidic fused filament fabricated devices (h-eF4Ds). This print-pause-print approach is not limited to ink-based electrodes or glucose oxidase, and we envisage these results will pave the way for the effective integration of electrodes in microfluidic devices in a simple and clean-room-free approach, allowing the development of highly customized eF4Ds for a plethora of analytes with high significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rojas
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Chemical
Research Institute “Andres M. Del Rio”, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
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Paixao PA, Michels FS, Oliveira SL, Goncalves AMB, Martins CA, Caires ARL, Alves DCB. Miniaturized 3D-Printed Cell Enables Water/Ethanol Quantification Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:131. [PMID: 38202991 PMCID: PMC10781244 DOI: 10.3390/s24010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A miniaturized and low-cost electrochemical 3D-printed system for rapid and accurate quantification of ethanol content in ethanol fuel using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was developed. The monolithic design of the system incorporates insulating thermoplastic electrode separators, with only the cover being mobile, allowing for easy assembly and handling. The portable device, measuring approximately 26 × 24 mm, has a maximum capacity of 1 mL, making it suitable for lab-on-a-chip and portable analysis. By utilizing the dielectric constant of ethanol and ethanol fuel mixtures with water, the miniaturized EIS cell quantifies ethanol content effectively. To validate its performance, we compared measurements from four gas stations with a digital densimeter, and the values obtained from the proposed system matched perfectly. Our miniaturized and low-cost electrochemical 3D-printed device can be printed and assembled in two hours, offering a cost-effective solution for fast and precise ethanol quantification. Its versatility, affordability, and compatibility with lab-on-a-chip platforms make it easily applicable, including for fuel quality control and on-site analysis in remote locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A. Paixao
- Applied Nanomaterials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil (F.S.M.); (A.-M.B.G.)
| | - Flávio S. Michels
- Applied Nanomaterials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil (F.S.M.); (A.-M.B.G.)
| | - Samuel L. Oliveira
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (S.L.O.); (A.R.L.C.)
| | - Alem-Mar B. Goncalves
- Applied Nanomaterials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil (F.S.M.); (A.-M.B.G.)
| | - Cauê A. Martins
- Electrochemistry Research Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil;
| | - Anderson R. L. Caires
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (S.L.O.); (A.R.L.C.)
| | - Diego C. B. Alves
- Applied Nanomaterials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil (F.S.M.); (A.-M.B.G.)
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DeAngelis MA, Ruder WC, LeDuc PR. An embedded microfluidic valve for dynamic control of cellular communication. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2023; 123:244103. [PMID: 38094664 PMCID: PMC10715818 DOI: 10.1063/5.0172538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The communication between different cell populations is an important aspect of many natural phenomena that can be studied with microfluidics. Using microfluidic valves, these complex interactions can be studied with a higher level of control by placing a valve between physically separated populations. However, most current valve designs do not display the properties necessary for this type of system, such as providing variable flow rate when embedded inside a microfluidic device. While some valves have been shown to have such tunable behavior, they have not been used for dynamic, real-time outputs. We present an electric solenoid valve that can be fabricated completely outside of a cleanroom and placed into any microfluidic device to offer control of dynamic fluid flow rates and profiles. After characterizing the behavior of this valve under controlled test conditions, we developed a regression model to determine the required input electrical signal to provide the solenoid the ability to create a desired flow profile. With this model, we demonstrated that the valve could be controlled to replicate a desired, time-varying pattern for the interface position of a co-laminar fluid stream. Our approach can be performed by other investigators with their microfluidic devices to produce predictable, dynamic fluidic behavior. In addition to modulating fluid flows, this work will be impactful for controlling cellular communication between distinct populations or even chemical reactions occurring in microfluidic channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. DeAngelis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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35
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Lai KM, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Wang J, Ho TY. Automated design of a 3D passive microfluidic particle sorter. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:064102. [PMID: 37928799 PMCID: PMC10622173 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic chips that can sort mixtures of cells and other particles have important applications in research and healthcare. However, designing a sorter chip for a given application is a slow and difficult process, especially when we extend the design space from 2D into a 3D scenario. Compared to the 2D scenario, we need to explore more geometries to derive the appropriate design due to the extra dimension. To evaluate sorting performance, the simulation of the particle trajectory is needed. The 3D scenario brings particle trajectory simulation more challenges of runtime and collision handling with irregular obstacle shapes. In this paper, we propose a framework to design a 3D microfluidic particle sorter for a given application with an efficient 3D particle trajectory simulator. The efficient simulator enables us to simulate more samples to ensure the robustness of the sorting performance. Our experimental result shows that the sorter designed by our framework successfully separates the particles with the targeted size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ming Lai
- Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Zhenya Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Large-Scale Integrated Circuit Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Large-Scale Integrated Circuit Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junchao Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Large-Scale Integrated Circuit Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tsung-Yi Ho
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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36
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Mo Y, Chang X, Yu Z, Sun D, Zhou D, Li L. Three-Dimensional Rock Core-Like Microstructure Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing for Petroleum Engineering. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2023; 10:1301-1308. [PMID: 38116228 PMCID: PMC10726170 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2021.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
To improve the recovery rate of oil in the formation, oil recovery technology has been continuously studied. Considering the experimental cost and data measurement in oil recovery research, laboratory oil recovery is the most effective method. The rock core model used in the simulation directly affects whether the research results are credible. However, the current three-dimensional rock core model manufacturing methods and corresponding models lack of reproducible, customizable, and visualized characteristics. In this study, a reproducible rock core model of microsphere accumulation based on the structure of natural rock core was designed and manufactured by microstereolithography. Oil recovery experiments and simulation studies show that the rock core model has similar flow characteristics to natural rock cores. In addition, resin rock core models with different structures and hydrogel rock core models with deformability are also manufactured by microstereolithography and used for simulation analysis. This research provides an effective and reproducible rock core structure model for the experiment of oil recovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaocong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Daxing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Dekai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Longqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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37
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Ghosh LD, Jain A. The prospects of microphysiological systems in modeling platelet pathophysiology in cancer. Platelets 2023; 34:2247489. [PMID: 37610007 PMCID: PMC10578702 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2247489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of platelets is well recognized in thrombosis and hemostasis. However, platelets also promote tumor progression and metastasis through their crosstalk with various cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME). For example, several cancer models continue to show that platelet functions are readily altered by cancer cells upon activation leading to the formation of platelet-tumor aggregates, triggering release of soluble factors from platelet granules and altering platelet turnover. Further, activated platelets protect tumor cells from shear forces in circulation and assault of cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells. Platelet-secreted factors promote proliferation of malignant cells, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Much of our knowledge of platelet biology in cancer has been achieved with animal models, particularly murine. However, this preclinical understanding of the complex pathophysiology is yet to be fully realized and translated to clinical trials in terms of new approaches to treat cancer via controlling the platelet function. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of platelet physiology obtained through existing in vivo and in vitro cancer models, the complex interactions of platelets with cancer cells in TME and the pathways by which platelets may confer chemoresistance. Since the FDA Modernization Act recently passed by the US government has made animal models optional in drug approvals, we critically examine the existing and futuristic value of employing bioengineered microphysiological systems and organ-chips to understand the mechanistic role of platelets in cancer metastasis and exploring novel therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra D. Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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38
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Ho B, Phan CM, Garg P, Shokrollahi P, Jones L. A Rapid Screening Platform for Simultaneous Evaluation of Biodegradation and Therapeutic Release of an Ocular Hydrogel. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2625. [PMID: 38004603 PMCID: PMC10675325 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study attempts to address the challenge of accurately measuring the degradation of biodegradable hydrogels, which are frequently employed in drug delivery for controlled and sustained release. The traditional method utilizes a mass-loss approach, which is cumbersome and time consuming. The aim of this study was to develop an innovative screening platform using a millifluidic device coupled with automated image analysis to measure the degradation of Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and the subsequent release of an entrapped wetting agent, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Gel samples were placed within circular wells on a custom millifluidic chip and stained with a red dye for enhanced visualization. A camera module captured time-lapse images of the gels throughout their degradation. An image-analysis algorithm was used to translate the image data into degradation rates. Simultaneously, the eluate from the chip was collected to quantify the amount of GelMA degraded and PVA released at various time points. The visual method was validated by comparing it with the mass-loss approach (R = 0.91), as well as the amount of GelMA eluted (R = 0.97). The degradation of the GelMA gels was also facilitated with matrix metalloproteinases 9. Notably, as the gels degraded, there was an increase in the amount of PVA released. Overall, these results support the use of the screening platform to assess hydrogel degradation and the subsequent release of entrapped therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Ho
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (B.H.); (P.G.); (P.S.); (L.J.)
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Chau-Minh Phan
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (B.H.); (P.G.); (P.S.); (L.J.)
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Piyush Garg
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (B.H.); (P.G.); (P.S.); (L.J.)
| | - Parvin Shokrollahi
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (B.H.); (P.G.); (P.S.); (L.J.)
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (B.H.); (P.G.); (P.S.); (L.J.)
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
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39
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Steinberg E, Friedman R, Goldstein Y, Friedman N, Beharier O, Demma JA, Zamir G, Hubert A, Benny O. A fully 3D-printed versatile tumor-on-a-chip allows multi-drug screening and correlation with clinical outcomes for personalized medicine. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1157. [PMID: 37957280 PMCID: PMC10643569 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal clinical outcomes in cancer treatments could be achieved through the development of reliable, precise ex vivo tumor models that function as drug screening platforms for patient-targeted therapies. Microfluidic tumor-on-chip technology is emerging as a preferred tool since it enables the complex set-ups and recapitulation of the physiologically relevant physical microenvironment of tumors. In order to overcome the common hindrances encountered while using this technology, a fully 3D-printed device was developed that sustains patient-derived multicellular spheroids long enough to conduct multiple drug screening tests. This tool is both cost effective and possesses four necessary characteristics of effective microfluidic devices: transparency, biocompatibility, versatility, and sample accessibility. Compelling correlations which demonstrate a clinical proof of concept were found after testing and comparing different chemotherapies on tumor spheroids, derived from ten patients, to their clinical outcomes. This platform offers a potential solution for personalized medicine by functioning as a predictive drug-performance tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Steinberg
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roy Friedman
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Center for Interdisciplinary Data Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoel Goldstein
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nethanel Friedman
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Beharier
- Hadassah Medical Center and The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jonathan Abraham Demma
- Department of General Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gideon Zamir
- Department of General Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayala Hubert
- Oncology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Benny
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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40
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Liang M, Zhang G, Song J, Tan M, Su W. Paper-Based Microfluidic Chips for Food Hazard Factor Detection: Fabrication, Modification, and Application. Foods 2023; 12:4107. [PMID: 38002165 PMCID: PMC10670051 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Food safety and quality are paramount concerns for ensuring the preservation of human life and well-being. As the field of food processing continues to advance, there is a growing interest in the development of fast, instant, cost-effective, and convenient methods for detecting food safety issues. In this context, the utilization of paper-based microfluidic chips has emerged as a promising platform for enabling rapid detection, owing to their compact size, high throughput capabilities, affordability, and low resource consumption, among other advantages. To shed light on this topic, this review article focuses on the functionalization of paper-based microfluidic surfaces and provides an overview of the latest research and applications to colorimetric analysis, fluorescence analysis, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, as well as their integration with paper-based microfluidic platforms for achieving swift and reliable food safety detection. Lastly, the article deliberates on the challenges these analytical methods and presents insights into their future development prospects in facilitating rapid food safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Liang
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Guozhi Zhang
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jie Song
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Wentao Su
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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41
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Poskus MD, Wang T, Deng Y, Borcherding S, Atkinson J, Zervantonakis IK. Fabrication of 3D-printed molds for polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidic devices using a liquid crystal display-based vat photopolymerization process: printing quality, drug response and 3D invasion cell culture assays. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:140. [PMID: 37954040 PMCID: PMC10632127 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic platforms enable more precise control of biological stimuli and environment dimensionality than conventional macroscale cell-based assays; however, long fabrication times and high-cost specialized equipment limit the widespread adoption of microfluidic technologies. Recent improvements in vat photopolymerization three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies such as liquid crystal display (LCD) printing offer rapid prototyping and a cost-effective solution to microfluidic fabrication. Limited information is available about how 3D printing parameters and resin cytocompatibility impact the performance of 3D-printed molds for the fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microfluidic platforms for cellular studies. Using a low-cost, commercially available LCD-based 3D printer, we assessed the cytocompatibility of several resins, optimized fabrication parameters, and characterized the minimum feature size. We evaluated the response to both cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted kinase therapies in microfluidic devices fabricated using our 3D-printed molds and demonstrated the establishment of flow-based concentration gradients. Furthermore, we monitored real-time cancer cell and fibroblast migration in a 3D matrix environment that was dependent on environmental signals. These results demonstrate how vat photopolymerization LCD-based fabrication can accelerate the prototyping of microfluidic platforms with increased accessibility and resolution for PDMS-based cell culture assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Poskus
- Department of Bioengineering, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Yuxuan Deng
- Department of Bioengineering, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Sydney Borcherding
- Department of Bioengineering, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jake Atkinson
- Department of Bioengineering, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Ioannis K. Zervantonakis
- Department of Bioengineering, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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42
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Yang DS, Wu Y, Kanatzidis EE, Avila R, Zhou M, Bai Y, Chen S, Sekine Y, Kim J, Deng Y, Guo H, Zhang Y, Ghaffari R, Huang Y, Rogers JA. 3D-printed epidermal sweat microfluidic systems with integrated microcuvettes for precise spectroscopic and fluorometric biochemical assays. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4992-5003. [PMID: 37641877 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00876b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Systems for capture, storage and analysis of eccrine sweat can provide insights into physiological health status, quantify losses of water, electrolytes, amino acids and/or other essential species, and identify exposures to adverse environmental species or illicit drugs. Recent advances in materials and device designs serve as the basis for skin-compatible classes of microfluidic platforms and in situ colorimetric assays for precise assessments of sweat rate, sweat loss and concentrations of wide-ranging types of biomarkers in sweat. This paper presents a set of findings that enhances the performance of these systems through the use of microfluidic networks, integrated valves and microscale optical cuvettes formed by three dimensional printing in hard/soft hybrid materials systems, for accurate spectroscopic and fluorometric assays. Field studies demonstrate the capability of these microcuvette systems to evaluate the concentrations of copper, chloride, and glucose in sweat, along with the pH of sweat, with laboratory-grade accuracy and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Yang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- Precision Biology Research Center (PBRC), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Yixin Wu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Evangelos E Kanatzidis
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Raudel Avila
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Mingyu Zhou
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yun Bai
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Shulin Chen
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yurina Sekine
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Joohee Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujun Deng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hexia Guo
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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43
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Liu Y, Yao X, Fan C, Zhang G, Luo X, Qian Y. Microfabrication and lab-on-a-chip devices promote in vitromodeling of neural interfaces for neuroscience researches and preclinical applications. Biofabrication 2023; 16:012002. [PMID: 37832555 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Neural tissues react to injuries through the orchestration of cellular reprogramming, generating specialized cells and activating gene expression that helps with tissue remodeling and homeostasis. Simplified biomimetic models are encouraged to amplify the physiological and morphological changes during neural regeneration at cellular and molecular levels. Recent years have witnessed growing interest in lab-on-a-chip technologies for the fabrication of neural interfaces. Neural system-on-a-chip devices are promisingin vitromicrophysiological platforms that replicate the key structural and functional characteristics of neural tissues. Microfluidics and microelectrode arrays are two fundamental techniques that are leveraged to address the need for microfabricated neural devices. In this review, we explore the innovative fabrication, mechano-physiological parameters, spatiotemporal control of neural cell cultures and chip-based neurogenesis. Although the high variability in different constructs, and the restriction in experimental and analytical access limit the real-life applications of microphysiological models, neural system-on-a-chip devices have gained considerable translatability for modeling neuropathies, drug screening and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyun Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Guifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
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Amador-Hernandez JU, Guevara-Pantoja PE, Cedillo-Alcantar DF, Caballero-Robledo GA, Garcia-Cordero JL. Millifluidic valves and pumps made of tape and plastic. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4579-4591. [PMID: 37772361 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00559c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in producing micro- and milli-fluidic technologies made of thermoplastic with integrated fluidic control elements that are easy to assemble and suitable for mass production. Here, we developed millifluidic valves and pumps made of acrylic layers bonded with double-sided tape that are simple and fast to assemble. We demonstrate that a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) is flexible enough to be deformed at relatively low pressures. A chemical treatment deposited on specific regions of the PSA prevents it from sticking to the thermoplastic, which enabled us to create three different types of valves in normally open or closed configurations. We characterized different aspects of their performance, their operating pressures, the cut-off pressure values to open or close the valves (for different configurations and sizes), and the flow rate and volume pumped by seven different micropumps. As an application, we implemented a glucose assay with integrated pumps and valves, automatically generating glucose dilutions and reagent mixing. The ability to create polymeric microfluidic control units made with tape paves the way for their mass manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue U Amador-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Pablo E Guevara-Pantoja
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Diana F Cedillo-Alcantar
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Gabriel A Caballero-Robledo
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Jose L Garcia-Cordero
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Institute of Human Biology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland.
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Moetazedian A, Candeo A, Liu S, Hughes A, Nasrollahi V, Saadat M, Bassi A, Grover LM, Cox LR, Poologasundarampillai G. Versatile Microfluidics for Biofabrication Platforms Enabled by an Agile and Inexpensive Fabrication Pipeline. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300636. [PMID: 37186512 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics have transformed diagnosis and screening in regenerative medicine. Recently, they are showing much promise in biofabrication. However, their adoption is inhibited by costly and drawn-out lithographic processes thus limiting progress. Here, multi-material fibers with complex core-shell geometries with sizes matching those of human arteries and arterioles are fabricated employing versatile microfluidic devices produced using an agile and inexpensive manufacturing pipeline. The pipeline consists of material extrusion additive manufacturing with an innovative continuously varied extrusion (CONVEX) approach to produce microfluidics with complex seamless geometries including, novel variable-width zigzag (V-zigzag) mixers with channel widths ranging from 100-400 µm and hydrodynamic flow-focusing components. The microfluidic systems facilitated rapid mixing of fluids by decelerating the fluids at specific zones to allow for increased diffusion across the interfaces. Better mixing even at high flow rates (100-1000 µL min-1 ) whilst avoiding turbulence led to high cell cytocompatibility (>86%) even when 100 µm nozzles are used. The presented 3D-printed microfluidic system is versatile, simple and efficient, offering a great potential to significantly advance the microfluidic platform in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirpasha Moetazedian
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
- EPSRC Future Metrology Hub, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3D, UK
| | - Alessia Candeo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Siyun Liu
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - Arran Hughes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Vahid Nasrollahi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mozafar Saadat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrea Bassi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Liam M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Liam R Cox
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Kordi O, Behravesh AH, Hasannia S, Hedayati SK, Pourghaumi M, Mazdi M, Ghaderi I, Rizvi G. Additive manufacture of PLLA scaffolds reinforced with graphene oxide nano-particles via digital light processing (DLP). J Biomater Appl 2023; 38:484-499. [PMID: 37807545 DOI: 10.1177/08853282231202734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 3D printing of poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffolds reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles via Digital Light Processing (DLP) was investigated to mimic bone tissue. Stereolithography is one of the most accurate additive manufacturing methods, but the dominant available materials used in this method are toxic. In this research, a biocompatible resin (PLLA) was synthetized and functionalized to serve the purpose. Due to the low mechanical properties of the printed product with the neat resin, graphene oxide nanoparticles in three levels (0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt%) were added with the aim of enhancing the mechanical properties. At first, the optimum post cure time of the neat resin was investigated. Consequently, all the parts were post-cured for 3 h after printing. Due to the temperature-dependent structure of GO, all samples were placed in an oven at 85°C for different time periods of 0, 6, 12, and 18 h to increase mechanical properties. The compression test of heat-treated samples reveals that the compressive strength of the printed parts containing 0.5,1, and 1.5% of GO increased by 151,162 ad 235%, respectively. Scaffolds with the designed pore sizes of 750 microns and a porosity of 40% were printed. Surface hydrophilicity test was performed for all samples showing that the hydrophilicity of the samples increased with increasing GO percentage. The degradation behavior of the samples was evaluated in a PBS environment, and it revealed that by increasing GO, the rate of component degradation increased, but the heat treatment had the opposite effect and decreased the degradation rate. Finally, besides improving biological properties, a significant increase in mechanical properties under compression can introduce the printed scaffolds as a suitable option for bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Kordi
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Behravesh
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Hasannia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Nova Teb Pars Research Laboratory, Dental Equipment and Bio-material Technology Incubation Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Kaveh Hedayati
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Pourghaumi
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mazdi
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Ghaderi
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghaus Rizvi
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
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Orabi M, Lo JF. Emerging Advances in Microfluidic Hydrogel Droplets for Tissue Engineering and STEM Cell Mechanobiology. Gels 2023; 9:790. [PMID: 37888363 PMCID: PMC10606214 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel droplets are biodegradable and biocompatible materials with promising applications in tissue engineering, cell encapsulation, and clinical treatments. They represent a well-controlled microstructure to bridge the spatial divide between two-dimensional cell cultures and three-dimensional tissues, toward the recreation of entire organs. The applications of hydrogel droplets in regenerative medicine require a thorough understanding of microfluidic techniques, the biocompatibility of hydrogel materials, and droplet production and manipulation mechanisms. Although hydrogel droplets were well studied, several emerging advances promise to extend current applications to tissue engineering and beyond. Hydrogel droplets can be designed with high surface-to-volume ratios and a variety of matrix microstructures. Microfluidics provides precise control of the flow patterns required for droplet generation, leading to tight distributions of particle size, shape, matrix, and mechanical properties in the resultant microparticles. This review focuses on recent advances in microfluidic hydrogel droplet generation. First, the theoretical principles of microfluidics, materials used in fabrication, and new 3D fabrication techniques were discussed. Then, the hydrogels used in droplet generation and their cell and tissue engineering applications were reviewed. Finally, droplet generation mechanisms were addressed, such as droplet production, droplet manipulation, and surfactants used to prevent coalescence. Lastly, we propose that microfluidic hydrogel droplets can enable novel shear-related tissue engineering and regeneration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe F. Lo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA;
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Ahmadianyazdi A, Miller IJ, Folch A. Tunable resins with PDMS-like elastic modulus for stereolithographic 3D-printing of multimaterial microfluidic actuators. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4019-4032. [PMID: 37584639 PMCID: PMC10849085 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Stereolithographic 3D-printing (SLA) permits facile fabrication of high-precision microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices. SLA photopolymers often yield parts with low mechanical compliancy in sharp contrast to elastomers such as poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS). On the other hand, SLA-printable elastomers with soft mechanical properties do not fulfill the distinct requirements for a highly manufacturable resin in microfluidics (e.g., high-resolution printability, transparency, low-viscosity). These limitations restrict our ability to print microfluidic actuators containing dynamic, movable elements. Here we introduce low-viscous photopolymers based on a tunable blend of the monomers poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, Mw ∼ 258) and the monoacrylate poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether) methacrylate (PEGMEMA, Mw ∼ 300). In these blends, which we term PEGDA-co-PEGMEMA, tuning the PEGMEMA content from 0% to 40% (v/v) alters the elastic modulus of the printed plastics by ∼400-fold, reaching that of PDMS. Through the addition of PEGMEMA, moreover, PEGDA-co-PEGMEMA retains desirable properties of highly manufacturable PEGDA such as low viscosity, solvent compatibility, cytocompatibility and low drug absorptivity. With PEGDA-co-PEGMEMA, we SLA-printed drastically enhanced fluidic actuators including microvalves, micropumps, and microregulators with a hybrid structure containing a flexible PEGDA-co-PEGMEMA membrane within a rigid PEGDA housing. These components were built using a custom "Print-Pause-Print" protocol, referred to as "3P-printing", that allows for fabricating high-resolution multimaterial parts with a desktop SLA printer without the need for post-assembly. SLA-printing of multimaterial microfluidic actuators addresses the unmet need of high-performance on-chip controls in 3D-printed microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaac J Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Albert Folch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
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49
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Szymański P, Popielarski P, Czarnecka-Komorowska D, Sika R, Gawdzińska K. Determination of Saturation Conditions of the Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced with Al 2O 3 Sinter. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6106. [PMID: 37763389 PMCID: PMC10532971 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum metal matrix composites (Al MMCs) are a class of materials characterized by being light in weight and high hardness. Due to these properties, Al MMCs have various applications in the automobile, aeronautical and marine industries. Ceramic-reinforced Al MMCs in the form of sinters are known for having excellent abrasive properties, which makes them an attractive material in certain fields of technology. The biggest problem in their production process is their low ability to infiltrate ceramics with alloys and consequently the difficulty of filling a ceramic preform. The castability of such composites has not yet been researched in detail. The aim of this study was to create aluminum metal matrix composite castings based on aluminum alloys (AlSi11) reinforced with an Al2O3 sinter preform using a Castability Trials spiral mold, and then to determine the degree of saturation with the liquid metal of the produced ceramic shaped body (Castability Trials spiral). For the selected AlSi11 alloy, the liquidus (Tl) and solidus (Ts) temperatures were determined by performing thermal-derivation analysis during cooling, which is Tl-579.3 °C and Ts-573.9 °C. The resultant pressure necessary for the infiltration process was estimated for the reinforcement capillaries with the following dimensions: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 microns. The following values were used to determine the capillary pressure (Pk): surface tension of the alloy-σ = 840 mN/m; the extreme wetting angle of the reinforcement by the metal-θ = 136°. It has been experimentally confirmed that for the vacuum saturation process, the estimated resultant pressure enables saturation of reinforcement with capillaries larger than 25 microns, provided that the alloy temperature does not drop lower than the infiltration temperature. After the experiment, the time and route of the liquid metal flow in the spiral were determined. On the basis of the obtained values, a simulation was developed and initial assumptions such as saturation time, alloy temperature, reinforcement and mold temperature were verified. The energy balance showed that the saturation limit temperature was Tk = 580.7 °C for the reinforcement temperature of 575 °C. In contrast to the above, the assumption that the temperature of the metal after equalizing the temperature of the composite components must be higher than the liquidus temperature (Tliq = 579.3 °C) for the aluminum alloy used must be fulfilled. After the experiment, the time and path of the liquid metal flow in the spiral were determined. Then, on the basis of the obtained values, a simulation was developed, and the initial assumptions (saturation time and temperature) were verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Szymański
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3 Str., 61-138 Poznan, Poland; (P.S.); (P.P.); (D.C.-K.)
| | - Paweł Popielarski
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3 Str., 61-138 Poznan, Poland; (P.S.); (P.P.); (D.C.-K.)
| | - Dorota Czarnecka-Komorowska
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3 Str., 61-138 Poznan, Poland; (P.S.); (P.P.); (D.C.-K.)
| | - Robert Sika
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3 Str., 61-138 Poznan, Poland; (P.S.); (P.P.); (D.C.-K.)
| | - Katarzyna Gawdzińska
- Faculty of Marine Engineering, Maritime University of Szczecin, Willowa 2-4, 71-650 Szczecin, Poland;
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50
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Lale A, Buckley C, Kermène V, Desfarges-Berthelemot A, Dumas-Bouchiat F, Mignard E, Rossignol F. Holographic photopolymerization combined to microfluidics for the fabrication of lab-in-lab microdevices and complex 3D micro-objects. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20054. [PMID: 37810041 PMCID: PMC10559809 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We show here brand-new possibilities of lab-in-lab fabrication while combining holographic photopolymerization and microfluidics. One shot real-time 3D-printing can produce 3D architectured microchannels, or free-standing complex micro-objects eventually in flow. The methodology is very versatile and can be applied to e.g., acrylate resins or hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Lale
- Lithoz GmbH, Mollardgasse 85a/2/64-69, 1060, Wien, Austria
| | - Colman Buckley
- XLIM, CNRS UMR 7252, University of Limoges, 123 Av. Albert Thomas, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Vincent Kermène
- XLIM, CNRS UMR 7252, University of Limoges, 123 Av. Albert Thomas, 87000, Limoges, France
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Mignard
- ISM, CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 351 Cr de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Fabrice Rossignol
- IRCER, CNRS UMR 7315, University of Limoges, 12 rue Atlantis, 87068, Limoges, France
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