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Modi PS, Singh A, Chaturvedi A, Agarwal S, Dutta R, Nayak R, Singh AK. Tissue chips as headway model and incitement technology. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 10:86-101. [PMID: 39286054 PMCID: PMC11403008 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue on a chip or organ-on-chip (OOC) is a technology that's dignified to form a transformation in drug discovery through the use of advanced platforms. These are 3D in-vitro cell culture models that mimic micro-environment of human organs or tissues on artificial microstructures built on a portable microfluidic chip without involving sacrificial humans or animals. This review article aims to offer readers a thorough and insightful understanding of technology. It begins with an in-depth understanding of chip design and instrumentation, underlining its pivotal role and the imperative need for its development in the modern scientific landscape. The review article explores into the myriad applications of OOC technology, showcasing its transformative impact on fields such as radiobiology, drug discovery and screening, and its pioneering use in space research. In addition to highlighting these diverse applications, the article provides a critical analysis of the current challenges that OOC technology faces. It examines both the biological and technical limitations that hinder its progress and efficacy and discusses the potential advancements and innovations that could drive the OOC technology forward. Through this comprehensive review, readers will gain a deep appreciation of the significance, capabilities, and evolving landscape of OOC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Suchitan Modi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awyang Chaturvedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailly Agarwal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raghav Dutta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranu Nayak
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Kumar Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Quílez C, Bebiano LB, Jones E, Maver U, Meesters L, Parzymies P, Petiot E, Rikken G, Risueño I, Zaidi H, Zidarič T, Bekeschus S, H van den Bogaard E, Caley M, Colley H, López NG, Letsiou S, Marquette C, Maver T, Pereira RF, Tobin DJ, Velasco D. Targeting the Complexity of In Vitro Skin Models: A Review of Cutting-Edge Developments. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)01499-4. [PMID: 39127929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Skin in vitro models offer much promise for research, testing drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices, reducing animal testing and extensive clinical trials. There are several in vitro approaches to mimicking human skin behavior, ranging from simple cell monolayer to complex organotypic and bioengineered 3-dimensional models. Some have been approved for preclinical studies in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals. However, development of physiologically reliable in vitro human skin models remains in its infancy. This review reports on advances in in vitro complex skin models to study skin homeostasis, aging, and skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Quílez
- Bioengineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain; Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luís B Bebiano
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eleri Jones
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Uroš Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Luca Meesters
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Piotr Parzymies
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Petiot
- 3d.FAB, CNRS, INSA, Univ Lyon, CPE-Lyon, UMR5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Gijs Rikken
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Risueño
- Bioengineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain; Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hamza Zaidi
- 3d.FAB, CNRS, INSA, Univ Lyon, CPE-Lyon, UMR5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Tanja Zidarič
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Matthew Caley
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nuria Gago López
- Melanoma group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sophia Letsiou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Christophe Marquette
- 3d.FAB, CNRS, INSA, Univ Lyon, CPE-Lyon, UMR5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Tina Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Rúben F Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Desmond J Tobin
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Diego Velasco
- Bioengineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain; Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Fardous RS, Alshmmari S, Tawfik E, Khadra I, Ramadan Q, Zourob M. An Integrated and Modular Compartmentalized Microfluidic System with Tunable Electrospun Porous Membranes for Epithelialized Organs-on-a-Chip. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39047263 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A modular and 3D compartmentalized microfluidic system with electrospun porous membranes (PMs) for epithelialized organ-on-a-chip systems is presented. Our novel approach involves direct deposition of polymer nanofibers onto a patterned poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrate using electrospinning, resulting in an integrated PM within the microfluidic chip. The in situ deposition of the PM eliminates the need for additional assembly processes. To demonstrate the high throughput membrane integration capability of our approach, we successfully deposited nanofibers onto various chip designs with complex microfluidic planar structures and expanded dimensions. We characterized and tested the fully PMMA chip by growing an epithelial monolayer using the Caco-2 cell line to study drug permeability. A comprehensive analysis of the bulk and surface properties of the membrane's fibers made of PMMA and polystyrene (PS) was conducted to determine the polymer with the best performance for cell culture and drug transport applications. The PMMA-based membrane, with a PMMA/PVP ratio of 5:1, allowed for the fabrication of a uniform membrane structure along the aligned nanofibers. By modulating the fiber diameter and total thickness of the membrane, we could adjust the membrane's porosity for specific cell culture applications. The PMMA-PVP nanofibers exhibited a low polydispersity index value, indicating monodispersed nanofibers and a more homogeneous and uniform fiber network. Both types of membranes demonstrated excellent mechanical integrity under medium perfusion flow rates. However, the PMMA-PVP composition offered a tailored porous structure with modulable porosity based on the fiber diameter and thickness. Our developed platform enables dynamic in vitro modeling of the epithelial barrier and has applications in drug transport and in vitro microphysiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roa S Fardous
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Kingdome Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshmmari
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Kingdome Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Tawfik
- Advanced Diagnostics & Therapeutics Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 12354, Kingdome Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Khadra
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
| | - Qasem Ramadan
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Kingdome Saudi Arabia
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4
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Rupar MJ, Hanson H, Rogers S, Botlick B, Trimmer S, Hickman JJ. Modelling the innate immune system in microphysiological systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3604-3625. [PMID: 38957150 PMCID: PMC11264333 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00812f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
This critical review aims to highlight how modeling of the immune response has adapted over time to utilize microphysiological systems. Topics covered here will discuss the integral components of the immune system in various human body systems, and how these interactions are modeled using these systems. Through the use of microphysiological systems, we have not only expanded on foundations of basic immune cell information, but have also gleaned insight on how immune cells work both independently and collaboratively within an entire human body system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rupar
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Hannah Hanson
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Stephanie Rogers
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Brianna Botlick
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Steven Trimmer
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - James J Hickman
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
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5
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Ismayilzada N, Tarar C, Dabbagh SR, Tokyay BK, Dilmani SA, Sokullu E, Abaci HE, Tasoglu S. Skin-on-a-chip technologies towards clinical translation and commercialization. Biofabrication 2024; 16:042001. [PMID: 38964314 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad5f55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body which plays a critical role in thermoregulation, metabolism (e.g. synthesis of vitamin D), and protection of other organs from environmental threats, such as infections, microorganisms, ultraviolet radiation, and physical damage. Even though skin diseases are considered to be less fatal, the ubiquity of skin diseases and irritation caused by them highlights the importance of skin studies. Furthermore, skin is a promising means for transdermal drug delivery, which requires a thorough understanding of human skin structure. Current animal andin vitrotwo/three-dimensional skin models provide a platform for disease studies and drug testing, whereas they face challenges in the complete recapitulation of the dynamic and complex structure of actual skin tissue. One of the most effective methods for testing pharmaceuticals and modeling skin diseases are skin-on-a-chip (SoC) platforms. SoC technologies provide a non-invasive approach for examining 3D skin layers and artificially creating disease models in order to develop diagnostic or therapeutic methods. In addition, SoC models enable dynamic perfusion of culture medium with nutrients and facilitate the continuous removal of cellular waste to further mimic thein vivocondition. Here, the article reviews the most recent advances in the design and applications of SoC platforms for disease modeling as well as the analysis of drugs and cosmetics. By examining the contributions of different patents to the physiological relevance of skin models, the review underscores the significant shift towards more ethical and efficient alternatives to animal testing. Furthermore, it explores the market dynamics ofin vitroskin models and organ-on-a-chip platforms, discussing the impact of legislative changes and market demand on the development and adoption of these advanced research tools. This article also identifies the existing obstacles that hinder the advancement of SoC platforms, proposing directions for future improvements, particularly focusing on the journey towards clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufar Ismayilzada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Ceren Tarar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | | | - Begüm Kübra Tokyay
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sara Asghari Dilmani
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Emel Sokullu
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Hasan Erbil Abaci
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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6
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Kumar D, Nadda R, Repaka R. Advances and challenges in organ-on-chip technology: toward mimicking human physiology and disease in vitro. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:1925-1957. [PMID: 38436835 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-024-03062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips have been tissues or three-dimensional (3D) mini-organs that comprise numerous cell types and have been produced on microfluidic chips to imitate the complicated structures and interactions of diverse cell types and organs under controlled circumstances. Several morphological and physiological distinctions exist between traditional 2D cultures, animal models, and the growing popular 3D cultures. On the other hand, animal models might not accurately simulate human toxicity because of physiological variations and interspecies metabolic capability. The on-chip technique allows for observing and understanding the process and alterations occurring in metastases. The present study aimed to briefly overview single and multi-organ-on-chip techniques. The current study addresses each platform's essential benefits and characteristics and highlights recent developments in developing and utilizing technologies for single and multi-organs-on-chips. The study also discusses the drawbacks and constraints associated with these models, which include the requirement for standardized procedures and the difficulties of adding immune cells and other intricate biological elements. Finally, a comprehensive review demonstrated that the organs-on-chips approach has a potential way of investigating organ function and disease. The advancements in single and multi-organ-on-chip structures can potentially increase drug discovery and minimize dependency on animal models, resulting in improved therapies for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Rahul Nadda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India.
| | - Ramjee Repaka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
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7
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Morrison AI, Sjoerds MJ, Vonk LA, Gibbs S, Koning JJ. In vitro immunity: an overview of immunocompetent organ-on-chip models. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1373186. [PMID: 38835750 PMCID: PMC11148285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1373186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Impressive advances have been made to replicate human physiology in vitro over the last few years due to the growth of the organ-on-chip (OoC) field in both industrial and academic settings. OoCs are a type of microphysiological system (MPS) that imitates functional and dynamic aspects of native human organ biology on a microfluidic device. Organoids and organotypic models, ranging in their complexity from simple single-cell to complex multi-cell type constructs, are being incorporated into OoC microfluidic devices to better mimic human physiology. OoC technology has now progressed to the stage at which it has received official recognition by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as an alternative to standard procedures in drug development, such as animal studies and traditional in vitro assays. However, an area that is still lagging behind is the incorporation of the immune system, which is a critical element required to investigate human health and disease. In this review, we summarise the progress made to integrate human immunology into various OoC systems, specifically focusing on models related to organ barriers and lymphoid organs. These models utilise microfluidic devices that are either commercially available or custom-made. This review explores the difference between the use of innate and adaptive immune cells and their role for modelling organ-specific diseases in OoCs. Immunocompetent multi-OoC models are also highlighted and the extent to which they recapitulate systemic physiology is discussed. Together, the aim of this review is to describe the current state of immune-OoCs, the limitations and the future perspectives needed to improve the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I. Morrison
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirthe J. Sjoerds
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leander A. Vonk
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jasper J. Koning
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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8
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Zuniga K, Ghousifam N, Shaffer L, Brocklehurst S, Van Dyke M, Christy R, Natesan S, Rylander MN. Development of a Static Avascular and Dynamic Vascular Human Skin Equivalent Employing Collagen/Keratin Hydrogels. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4992. [PMID: 38732209 PMCID: PMC11084893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the primary complications in generating physiologically representative skin tissue is the inability to integrate vasculature into the system, which has been shown to promote the proliferation of basal keratinocytes and consequent keratinocyte differentiation, and is necessary for mimicking representative barrier function in the skin and physiological transport properties. We created a 3D vascularized human skin equivalent (VHSE) with a dermal and epidermal layer, and compared keratinocyte differentiation (immunomarker staining), epidermal thickness (H&E staining), and barrier function (transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and dextran permeability) to a static, organotypic avascular HSE (AHSE). The VHSE had a significantly thicker epidermal layer and increased resistance, both an indication of increased barrier function, compared to the AHSE. The inclusion of keratin in our collagen hydrogel extracellular matrix (ECM) increased keratinocyte differentiation and barrier function, indicated by greater resistance and decreased permeability. Surprisingly, however, endothelial cells grown in a collagen/keratin extracellular environment showed increased cell growth and decreased vascular permeability, indicating a more confluent and tighter vessel compared to those grown in a pure collagen environment. The development of a novel VHSE, which incorporated physiological vasculature and a unique collagen/keratin ECM, improved barrier function, vessel development, and skin structure compared to a static AHSE model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameel Zuniga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
- 59th Medical Wing Science and Technology, JBSA-Lackland, TX 78236, USA;
| | - Neda Ghousifam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Lucy Shaffer
- 59th Medical Wing Science and Technology, JBSA-Lackland, TX 78236, USA;
| | - Sean Brocklehurst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Mark Van Dyke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85712, USA;
| | - Robert Christy
- Military Health Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Shanmugasundaram Natesan
- Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence (EACE), Defense Health Agency, San Diego, CA 92134, USA;
| | - Marissa Nichole Rylander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
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9
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Mikimoto D, Mori M, Toyoda A, Yo K, Oda H, Takeuchi S. Culture insert device with perfusable microchannels enhances in vitroskin model development and barrier function assessment. Biofabrication 2024; 16:035006. [PMID: 38569494 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad3a15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The ever-stricter regulations on animal experiments in the field of cosmetic testing have prompted a surge in skin-related research with a special focus on recapitulation of thein vivoskin structurein vitro. In vitrohuman skin models are seen as an important tool for skin research, which in recent years attracted a lot of attention and effort, with researchers moving from the simplest 2-layered models (dermis with epidermis) to models that incorporate other vital skin structures such as hypodermis, vascular structures, and skin appendages. In this study, we designed a microfluidic device with a reverse flange-shaped anchor that allows culturing of anin vitroskin model in a conventional 6-well plate and assessing its barrier function without transferring the skin model to another device or using additional contraptions. Perfusion of the skin model through vascular-like channels improved the morphogenesis of the epidermis compared with skin models cultured under static conditions. This also allowed us to assess the percutaneous penetration of the tested caffeine permeation and vascular absorption, which is one of the key metrics for systemic drug exposure evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masahito Mori
- Research Center for Beauty and Health Care Product Development Department, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akemi Toyoda
- Frontier Research Center, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Yo
- Frontier Research Center, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
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10
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Du XY, Yang JY. Biomimetic microfluidic chips for toxicity assessment of environmental pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170745. [PMID: 38340832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Various types of pollutants widely present in environmental media, including synthetic and natural chemicals, physical pollutants such as radioactive substances, ultraviolet rays, and noise, as well as biological organisms, pose a huge threat to public health. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately and effectively explore the human physiological responses and toxicity mechanisms of pollutants to prevent diseases caused by pollutants. The emerging toxicological testing method biomimetic microfluidic chips (BMCs) exhibit great potential in environmental pollutant toxicity assessment due to their superior biomimetic properties. The BMCs are divided into cell-on-chips and organ-on-chips based on the distinctions in bionic simulation levels. Herein, we first summarize the characteristics, emergence and development history, composition and structure, and application fields of BMCs. Then, with a focus on the toxicity mechanisms of pollutants, we review the applications and advances of the BMCs in the toxicity assessment of physical, chemical, and biological pollutants, respectively, highlighting its potential and development prospects in environmental toxicology testing. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for further use of BMCs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Du
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China..
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11
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Park S, Laskow TC, Chen J, Guha P, Dawn B, Kim D. Microphysiological systems for human aging research. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14070. [PMID: 38180277 PMCID: PMC10928588 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in microphysiological systems (MPS), also known as organs-on-a-chip (OoC), enable the recapitulation of more complex organ and tissue functions on a smaller scale in vitro. MPS therefore provide the potential to better understand human diseases and physiology. To date, numerous MPS platforms have been developed for various tissues and organs, including the heart, liver, kidney, blood vessels, muscle, and adipose tissue. However, only a few studies have explored using MPS platforms to unravel the effects of aging on human physiology and the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. Age is one of the risk factors for many diseases, and enormous interest has been devoted to aging research. As such, a human MPS aging model could provide a more predictive tool to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying human aging and age-related diseases. These models can also be used to evaluate preclinical drugs for age-related diseases and translate them into clinical settings. Here, we provide a review on the application of MPS in aging research. First, we offer an overview of the molecular, cellular, and physiological changes with age in several tissues or organs. Next, we discuss previous aging models and the current state of MPS for studying human aging and age-related conditions. Lastly, we address the limitations of current MPS and present future directions on the potential of MPS platforms for human aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungman Park
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Thomas C. Laskow
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized MedicineUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Prasun Guha
- Nevada Institute of Personalized MedicineUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of MedicineUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Deok‐Ho Kim
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Center for Microphysiological SystemsJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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12
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Shkrigunov TS, Vavilov NE, Samenkova NF, Kisrieva YS, Rusanov AL, Romashin DD, Karuzina II, Lisitsa AV, Petushkova NA. Identification of protein components of the transformation system in the cell line of immortalized human keratinocytes HaCaT exposed to surfactants. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2024; 70:61-68. [PMID: 38450682 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20247001061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Using the method of shotgun mass spectrometry, we have evaluated changes in the proteomic profile of HaCat cells in response to the treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate (anionic surfactant) and Triton-X100 (non-ionic surfactant) in two concentrations (12.5 µg/ml and 25.0 µg/ml). The study revealed induction of orphan CYP2S1 (biotransformation phase I) in response to Triton-X100. We have identified proteins of II (glutathione-S-transferases, GSTs) and III (solute carrier proteins, SLCs) biotransformation phases, as well as antioxidant proteins (peroxiredoxins, PRDXs; catalase, CAT; thioredoxin, TXN). Thus, proteins of all three xenobiotic detoxification phases were detected. The presented results suggest a new prospect of using HaCaT keratinocytes as a model of human epidermis for studying the metabolism of drugs/toxicants in human skin in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N E Vavilov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - A L Rusanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - D D Romashin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - I I Karuzina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Lisitsa
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Zhang S, Xu G, Wu J, Liu X, Fan Y, Chen J, Wallace G, Gu Q. Microphysiological Constructs and Systems: Biofabrication Tactics, Biomimetic Evaluation Approaches, and Biomedical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300685. [PMID: 37798902 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, microphysiological constructs and systems (MPCs and MPSs) have undergone significant development, ranging from self-organized organoids to high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platforms. Advances in biomaterials, bioinks, 3D bioprinting, micro/nanofabrication, and sensor technologies have contributed to diverse and innovative biofabrication tactics. MPCs and MPSs, particularly tissue chips relevant to absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity, have demonstrated potential as precise, efficient, and economical alternatives to animal models for drug discovery and personalized medicine. However, current approaches mainly focus on the in vitro recapitulation of the human anatomical structure and physiological-biochemical indices at a single or a few simple levels. This review highlights the recent remarkable progress in MPC and MPS models and their applications. The challenges that must be addressed to assess the reliability, quantify the techniques, and utilize the fidelity of the models are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine/Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis/BioResource Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Guoshi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine/Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis/BioResource Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Gordon Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Qi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100049, China
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14
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Nomdedeu-Sancho G, Gorkun A, Mahajan N, Willson K, Schaaf CR, Votanopoulos KI, Atala A, Soker S. In Vitro Three-Dimensional (3D) Models for Melanoma Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5779. [PMID: 38136325 PMCID: PMC10741426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related fatalities. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatments have revolutionized the management of the disease by significantly increasing patient survival rates. However, a considerable number of tumors treated with these drugs fail to respond or may develop resistance over time. Tumor growth and its response to therapies are critically influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME); it directly supports cancer cell growth and influences the behavior of surrounding immune cells, which can become tumor-permissive, thereby rendering immunotherapies ineffective. Ex vivo modeling of melanomas and their response to treatment could significantly advance our understanding and predictions of therapy outcomes. Efforts have been directed toward developing reliable models that accurately mimic melanoma in its appropriate tissue environment, including tumor organoids, bioprinted tissue constructs, and microfluidic devices. However, incorporating and modeling the melanoma TME and immune component remains a significant challenge. Here, we review recent literature regarding the generation of in vitro 3D models of normal skin and melanoma and the approaches used to incorporate the immune compartment in such models. We discuss how these constructs could be combined and used to test immunotherapies and elucidate treatment resistance mechanisms. The development of 3D in vitro melanoma models that faithfully replicate the complexity of the TME and its interaction with the immune system will provide us with the technical tools to better understand ICI resistance and increase its efficacy, thereby improving personalized melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Nomdedeu-Sancho
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA; (G.N.-S.); (A.G.); (N.M.); (K.W.); (C.R.S.); (K.I.V.); (A.A.)
| | - Anastasiya Gorkun
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA; (G.N.-S.); (A.G.); (N.M.); (K.W.); (C.R.S.); (K.I.V.); (A.A.)
| | - Naresh Mahajan
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA; (G.N.-S.); (A.G.); (N.M.); (K.W.); (C.R.S.); (K.I.V.); (A.A.)
| | - Kelsey Willson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA; (G.N.-S.); (A.G.); (N.M.); (K.W.); (C.R.S.); (K.I.V.); (A.A.)
| | - Cecilia R. Schaaf
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA; (G.N.-S.); (A.G.); (N.M.); (K.W.); (C.R.S.); (K.I.V.); (A.A.)
- Wake Forest Organoid Research Center (WFORCE), Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Pathology Section, Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Konstantinos I. Votanopoulos
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA; (G.N.-S.); (A.G.); (N.M.); (K.W.); (C.R.S.); (K.I.V.); (A.A.)
- Wake Forest Organoid Research Center (WFORCE), Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA; (G.N.-S.); (A.G.); (N.M.); (K.W.); (C.R.S.); (K.I.V.); (A.A.)
- Wake Forest Organoid Research Center (WFORCE), Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA; (G.N.-S.); (A.G.); (N.M.); (K.W.); (C.R.S.); (K.I.V.); (A.A.)
- Wake Forest Organoid Research Center (WFORCE), Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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15
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Ramadan Q, Hazaymeh R, Zourob M. Immunity-on-a-Chip: Integration of Immune Components into the Scheme of Organ-on-a-Chip Systems. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200312. [PMID: 36866511 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Studying the immune system in vitro aims to understand how, when, and where the immune cells migrate/differentiate and respond to the various triggering events and the decision points along the immune response journey. It becomes evident that organ-on-a-chip (OOC) technology has a superior capability to recapitulate the cell-cell and tissue-tissue interaction in the body, with a great potential to provide tools for tracking the paracrine signaling with high spatial-temporal precision and implementing in situ real-time, non-destructive detection assays, therefore, enabling extraction of mechanistic information rather than phenotypic information. However, despite the rapid development in this technology, integration of the immune system into OOC devices stays among the least navigated tasks, with immune cells still the major missing components in the developed models. This is mainly due to the complexity of the immune system and the reductionist methodology of the OOC modules. Dedicated research in this field is demanded to establish the understanding of mechanism-based disease endotypes rather than phenotypes. Herein, we systemically present a synthesis of the state-of-the-art of immune-cantered OOC technology. We comprehensively outlined what is achieved and identified the technology gaps emphasizing the missing components required to establish immune-competent OOCs and bridge these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasem Ramadan
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Hazaymeh
- Almaarefa University, Diriyah, 13713, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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16
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Moon HR, Surianarayanan N, Singh T, Han B. Microphysiological systems as reliable drug discovery and evaluation tools: Evolution from innovation to maturity. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:061504. [PMID: 38162229 PMCID: PMC10756708 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPSs), also known as organ-on-chip or disease-on-chip, have recently emerged to reconstitute the in vivo cellular microenvironment of various organs and diseases on in vitro platforms. These microfluidics-based platforms are developed to provide reliable drug discovery and regulatory evaluation testbeds. Despite recent emergences and advances of various MPS platforms, their adoption of drug discovery and evaluation processes still lags. This delay is mainly due to a lack of rigorous standards with reproducibility and reliability, and practical difficulties to be adopted in pharmaceutical research and industry settings. This review discusses the current and potential use of MPS platforms in drug discovery processes while considering the context of several key steps during drug discovery processes, including target identification and validation, preclinical evaluation, and clinical trials. Opportunities and challenges are also discussed for the broader dissemination and adoption of MPSs in various drug discovery and regulatory evaluation steps. Addressing these challenges will transform long and expensive drug discovery and evaluation processes into more efficient discovery, screening, and approval of innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ran Moon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | | | - Tarun Singh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Bumsoo Han
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel: +1-765-494-5626
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17
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Wistner SC, Rashad L, Slaughter G. Advances in tissue engineering and biofabrication for in vitro skin modeling. BIOPRINTING (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 35:e00306. [PMID: 38645432 PMCID: PMC11031264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2023.e00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The global prevalence of skin disease and injury is continually increasing, yet conventional cell-based models used to study these conditions do not accurately reflect the complexity of human skin. The lack of inadequate in vitro modeling has resulted in reliance on animal-based models to test pharmaceuticals, biomedical devices, and industrial and environmental toxins to address clinical needs. These in vivo models are monetarily and morally expensive and are poor predictors of human tissue responses and clinical trial outcomes. The onset of three-dimensional (3D) culture techniques, such as cell-embedded and decellularized approaches, has offered accessible in vitro alternatives, using innovative scaffolds to improve cell-based models' structural and histological authenticity. However, these models lack adequate organizational control and complexity, resulting in variations between structures and the exclusion of physiologically relevant vascular and immunological features. Recently, biofabrication strategies, which combine biology, engineering, and manufacturing capabilities, have emerged as instrumental tools to recreate the heterogeneity of human skin precisely. Bioprinting uses computer-aided design (CAD) to yield robust and reproducible skin prototypes with unprecedented control over tissue design and assembly. As the interdisciplinary nature of biofabrication grows, we look to the promise of next-generation biofabrication technologies, such as organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) and 4D modeling, to simulate human tissue behaviors more reliably for research, pharmaceutical, and regenerative medicine purposes. This review aims to discuss the barriers to developing clinically relevant skin models, describe the evolution of skin-inspired in vitro structures, analyze the current approaches to biofabricating 3D human skin mimetics, and define the opportunities and challenges in biofabricating skin tissue for preclinical and clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Wistner
- Center for Bioelectronics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA
| | - Layla Rashad
- Center for Bioelectronics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA
| | - Gymama Slaughter
- Center for Bioelectronics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA
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18
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Costa S, Vilas-Boas V, Lebre F, Granjeiro JM, Catarino CM, Moreira Teixeira L, Loskill P, Alfaro-Moreno E, Ribeiro AR. Microfluidic-based skin-on-chip systems for safety assessment of nanomaterials. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:1282-1298. [PMID: 37419838 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the body's largest organ, continuously exposed to and affected by natural and anthropogenic nanomaterials (materials with external and internal dimensions in the nanoscale range). This broad spectrum of insults gives rise to irreversible health effects (from skin corrosion to cancer). Organ-on-chip systems can recapitulate skin physiology with high fidelity and potentially revolutionize the safety assessment of nanomaterials. Here, we review current advances in skin-on-chip models and their potential to elucidate biological mechanisms. Further, strategies are discussed to recapitulate skin physiology on-chip, improving control over nanomaterials exposure and transport across cells. Finally, we highlight future opportunities and challenges from design and fabrication to acceptance by regulatory bodies and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Costa
- Nanosafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - V Vilas-Boas
- Nanosafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - F Lebre
- Nanosafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - J M Granjeiro
- Biology Coordination, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C M Catarino
- Product Safety Management- Quality, Excellence, and Care, Grupo Boticário, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L Moreira Teixeira
- Department of Advanced Organ bioengineering and Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - P Loskill
- 3R-Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, Tübingen, Germany
| | - E Alfaro-Moreno
- Nanosafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - A R Ribeiro
- Nanosafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
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19
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Vilela de Sousa I, Ferreira MJS, Bebiano LB, Simões S, Matos AF, Pereira RF, Granja PL. Skin models of cutaneous toxicity, transdermal transport and wound repair. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad014. [PMID: 37520659 PMCID: PMC10382248 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Skin is widely used as a drug delivery route due to its easy access and the possibility of using relatively painless methods for the administration of bioactive molecules. However, the barrier properties of the skin, along with its multilayer structure, impose severe restrictions on drug transport and bioavailability. Thus, bioengineered models aimed at emulating the skin have been developed not only for optimizing the transdermal transport of different drugs and testing the safety and toxicity of substances but also for understanding the biological processes behind skin wounds. Even though in vivo research is often preferred to study biological processes involving the skin, in vitro and ex vivo strategies have been gaining increasing relevance in recent years. Indeed, there is a noticeably increasing adoption of in vitro and ex vivo methods by internationally accepted guidelines. Furthermore, microfluidic organ-on-a-chip devices are nowadays emerging as valuable tools for functional and behavioural skin emulation. Challenges in miniaturization, automation and reliability still need to be addressed in order to create skin models that can predict skin behaviour in a robust, high-throughput manner, while being compliant with regulatory issues, standards and guidelines. In this review, skin models for transdermal transport, wound repair and cutaneous toxicity will be discussed with a focus on high-throughput strategies. Novel microfluidic strategies driven by advancements in microfabrication technologies will also be revised as a way to improve the efficiency of existing models, both in terms of complexity and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luís B Bebiano
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- ISEP - Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Simões
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Matos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rúben F Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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20
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Jang HJ, Lee JB, Yoon JK. Advanced In Vitro Three-Dimensional Skin Models of Atopic Dermatitis. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:539-552. [PMID: 36995643 PMCID: PMC10313606 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory skin diseases that is characterized by eczematous rashes, intense itching, dry skin, and sensitive skin. Although AD significantly impacts the quality of life and the number of patients keeps increasing, its pathological mechanism is still unknown because of its complexity. The importance of developing new in vitro three-dimensional (3D) models has been underlined in order to understand the mechanisms for the development of therapeutics since the limitations of 2D models or animal models have been repeatedly reported. Thus, the new in vitro AD models should not only be created in 3D structure, but also reflect the pathological characteristics of AD, which are known to be associated with Th2-mediated inflammatory responses, epidermal barrier disruption, increased dermal T-cell infiltration, filaggrin down-regulation, or microbial imbalance. In this review, we introduce various types of in vitro skin models including 3D culture methods, skin-on-a-chips, and skin organoids, as well as their applications to AD modeling for drug screening and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Jang
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Kee Yoon
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Zingales V, Esposito MR, Torriero N, Taroncher M, Cimetta E, Ruiz MJ. The Growing Importance of Three-Dimensional Models and Microphysiological Systems in the Assessment of Mycotoxin Toxicity. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:422. [PMID: 37505691 PMCID: PMC10467068 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Current investigations in the field of toxicology mostly rely on 2D cell cultures and animal models. Although well-accepted, the traditional 2D cell-culture approach has evident drawbacks and is distant from the in vivo microenvironment. To overcome these limitations, increasing efforts have been made in the development of alternative models that can better recapitulate the in vivo architecture of tissues and organs. Even though the use of 3D cultures is gaining popularity, there are still open questions on their robustness and standardization. In this review, we discuss the current spheroid culture and organ-on-a-chip techniques as well as the main conceptual and technical considerations for the correct establishment of such models. For each system, the toxicological functional assays are then discussed, highlighting their major advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. Finally, a focus on the applications of 3D cell culture for mycotoxin toxicity assessments is provided. Given the known difficulties in defining the safety ranges of exposure for regulatory agency policies, we are confident that the application of alternative methods may greatly improve the overall risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zingales
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.R.E.); (N.T.); (E.C.)
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Cittá Della Speranza (IRP)—Lab BIAMET, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Esposito
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.R.E.); (N.T.); (E.C.)
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Cittá Della Speranza (IRP)—Lab BIAMET, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Noemi Torriero
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.R.E.); (N.T.); (E.C.)
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Cittá Della Speranza (IRP)—Lab BIAMET, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Mercedes Taroncher
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Elisa Cimetta
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.R.E.); (N.T.); (E.C.)
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Cittá Della Speranza (IRP)—Lab BIAMET, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - María-José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
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22
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Sung JH, Kim JJ. Recent advances in in vitro skin-on-a-chip models for drug testing. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 37379024 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2227379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The skin is an organ that has the largest surface area and provides a barrier against external environment. While providing protection, it also interacts with other organs in the body and has implications in various diseases. Development of physiologically realistic in vitro models of the skin in the context of the whole body is important for studying these diseases, and will be a valuable tool for pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industry. AREA COVERED This article covers the basic background in skin structure, physiology, as well as drug metabolism in the skin, and dermatological diseases. We summarize various in vitro skin models currently available, and novel in vitro models based on organ-on-a-chip technology. We also explain the concept of multi-organ-on-a-chip and describe recent developments in this field aimed at recapitulating the interaction of the skin with other organs in the body. EXPERT OPINION Recent development in the organ-on-a-chip field has enabled the development of in vitro model systems that resemble human skin more closely than conventional models. In near future, we will be seeing various model systems that allow researchers to study complex diseases in a more mechanistic manner, which will help the development of new pharmaceuticals for such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hwan Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Chaturvedi D, Paranjape S, Jain R, Dandekar P. Disease-related biomarkers as experimental endpoints in 3D skin culture models. Cytotechnology 2023; 75:165-193. [PMID: 37187945 PMCID: PMC10167092 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-023-00574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of in vitro 3D models in either recapitulating the normal tissue physiology or altered physiology or disease condition depends upon the identification and/or quantification of relevant biomarkers that confirm the functionality of these models. Various skin disorders, such as psoriasis, photoaging, vitiligo, etc., and cancers like squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma, etc. have been replicated via organotypic models. The disease biomarkers expressed by such cell cultures are quantified and compared with the biomarkers expressed in cultures depicting the normal tissue physiology, to identify the most prominent variations in their expression. This may also indicate the stage or reversal of these conditions upon treatment with relevant therapeutics. This review article presents an overview of the important biomarkers that have been identified in in-vitro 3D models of skin diseases as endpoints for validating the functionality of these models. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-023-00574-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Chaturvedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019 India
| | - Swarali Paranjape
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019 India
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019 India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019 India
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24
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Flynn K, Mahmoud NN, Sharifi S, Gould LJ, Mahmoudi M. Chronic Wound Healing Models. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:783-801. [PMID: 37200810 PMCID: PMC10186367 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review and analyze the commonly available wound healing models reported in the literature and discuss their advantages and issues, considering their relevance and translational potential to humans. Our analysis includes different in vitro and in silico as well as in vivo models and experimental techniques. We further explore the new technologies in the study of wound healing to provide an all encompassing review of the most efficient ways to proceed with wound healing experiments. We revealed that there is not one model of wound healing that is superior and can give translatable results to human research. Rather, there are many different models that have specific uses for studying certain processes or stages of wound healing. Our analysis suggests that when performing an experiment to assess stages of wound healing or different therapies to enhance healing, one must consider not only the species that will be used but also the type of model and how this can best replicate the physiology or pathophysiology in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiley Flynn
- Department
of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312, United States
| | - Nouf N. Mahmoud
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of
Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Shahriar Sharifi
- Department
of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312, United States
| | - Lisa J. Gould
- Department
of Surgery, South Shore Hospital, South Weymouth, Massachusetts 02190, United States
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department
of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312, United States
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25
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Freer M, Darling N, Goncalves K, Mills KJ, Przyborski S. Development of a mammalian neurosensory full-thickness skin equivalent and its application to screen sensitizing stimuli. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10484. [PMID: 37206205 PMCID: PMC10189474 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin equivalents (HSEs) are an increasingly popular research tool due to limitations associated with animal testing for dermatological research. They recapitulate many aspects of skin structure and function, however, many only contain two basic cell types to model dermal and epidermal compartments, which limits their application. We describe advances in the field skin tissue modeling to produce a construct containing sensory-like neurons that is responsive to known noxious stimuli. Through incorporation of mammalian sensory-like neurons, we were able to recapitulate aspects of the neuroinflammatory response including secretion of substance P and a range of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to a well-characterized neurosensitizing agent: capsaicin. We observed that neuronal cell bodies reside in the upper dermal compartment with neurites extending toward the keratinocytes of the stratum basale where they exist in close proximity to one another. These data suggest that we are able to model aspects of the neuroinflammatory response that occurs during exposure to dermatological stimuli including therapeutics and cosmetics. We propose that this skin construct can be considered a platform technology with a wide range of applications including screening of actives, therapeutics, modeling of inflammatory skin diseases, and fundamental approaches to probe underlying cell and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
- Reprocell Europe LtdGlasgowUK
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26
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Monteduro AG, Rizzato S, Caragnano G, Trapani A, Giannelli G, Maruccio G. Organs-on-chips technologies – A guide from disease models to opportunities for drug development. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 231:115271. [PMID: 37060819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Current in-vitro 2D cultures and animal models present severe limitations in recapitulating human physiopathology with striking discrepancies in estimating drug efficacy and side effects when compared to human trials. For these reasons, microphysiological systems, organ-on-chip and multiorgans microdevices attracted considerable attention as novel tools for high-throughput and high-content research to achieve an improved understanding of diseases and to accelerate the drug development process towards more precise and eventually personalized standards. This review takes the form of a guide on this fast-growing field, providing useful introduction to major themes and indications for further readings. We start analyzing Organs-on-chips (OOC) technologies for testing the major drug administration routes: (1) oral/rectal route by intestine-on-a-chip, (2) inhalation by lung-on-a-chip, (3) transdermal by skin-on-a-chip and (4) intravenous through vascularization models, considering how drugs penetrate in the bloodstream and are conveyed to their targets. Then, we focus on OOC models for (other) specific organs and diseases: (1) neurodegenerative diseases with brain models and blood brain barriers, (2) tumor models including their vascularization, organoids/spheroids, engineering and screening of antitumor drugs, (3) liver/kidney on chips and multiorgan models for gastrointestinal diseases and metabolic assessment of drugs and (4) biomechanical systems recapitulating heart, muscles and bones structures and related diseases. Successively, we discuss technologies and materials for organ on chips, analyzing (1) microfluidic tools for organs-on-chips, (2) sensor integration for real-time monitoring, (3) materials and (4) cell lines for organs on chips. (Nano)delivery approaches for therapeutics and their on chip assessment are also described. Finally, we conclude with a critical discussion on current significance/relevance, trends, limitations, challenges and future prospects in terms of revolutionary impact on biomedical research, preclinical models and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grazia Monteduro
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento and Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec and INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Silvia Rizzato
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento and Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec and INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giusi Caragnano
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento and Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec and INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Adriana Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento and Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec and INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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27
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Smythe P, Wilkinson HN. The Skin Microbiome: Current Landscape and Future Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3950. [PMID: 36835363 PMCID: PMC9963692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Our skin is the largest organ of the body, serving as an important barrier against the harsh extrinsic environment. Alongside preventing desiccation, chemical damage and hypothermia, this barrier protects the body from invading pathogens through a sophisticated innate immune response and co-adapted consortium of commensal microorganisms, collectively termed the microbiota. These microorganisms inhabit distinct biogeographical regions dictated by skin physiology. Thus, it follows that perturbations to normal skin homeostasis, as occurs with ageing, diabetes and skin disease, can cause microbial dysbiosis and increase infection risk. In this review, we discuss emerging concepts in skin microbiome research, highlighting pertinent links between skin ageing, the microbiome and cutaneous repair. Moreover, we address gaps in current knowledge and highlight key areas requiring further exploration. Future advances in this field could revolutionise the way we treat microbial dysbiosis associated with skin ageing and other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paisleigh Smythe
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
- Skin Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Holly N. Wilkinson
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
- Skin Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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28
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Ngo H, Amartumur S, Tran VTA, Tran M, Diep YN, Cho H, Lee LP. In Vitro Tumor Models on Chip and Integrated Microphysiological Analysis Platform (MAP) for Life Sciences and High-Throughput Drug Screening. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:231. [PMID: 36831997 PMCID: PMC9954135 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of preclinical in vitro cancer models has led to the emergence of human cancer-on-chip or microphysiological analysis platforms (MAPs). Although it has numerous advantages compared to other models, cancer-on-chip technology still faces several challenges such as the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and integrating multiple organs to be widely accepted in cancer research and therapeutics. In this review, we highlight the advancements in cancer-on-chip technology in recapitulating the vital biological features of various cancer types and their applications in life sciences and high-throughput drug screening. We present advances in reconstituting the tumor microenvironment and modeling cancer stages in breast, brain, and other types of cancer. We also discuss the relevance of MAPs in cancer modeling and precision medicine such as effect of flow on cancer growth and the short culture period compared to clinics. The advanced MAPs provide high-throughput platforms with integrated biosensors to monitor real-time cellular responses applied in drug development. We envision that the integrated cancer MAPs has a promising future with regard to cancer research, including cancer biology, drug discovery, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyen Ngo
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarnai Amartumur
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Thi Ai Tran
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh Tran
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen N. Diep
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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29
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Rahimnejad M, Rasouli F, Jahangiri S, Ahmadi S, Rabiee N, Ramezani Farani M, Akhavan O, Asadnia M, Fatahi Y, Hong S, Lee J, Lee J, Hahn SK. Engineered Biomimetic Membranes for Organ-on-a-Chip. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:5038-5059. [PMID: 36347501 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems are engineered nanobiosystems to mimic the physiochemical environment of a specific organ in the body. Among various components of OOC systems, biomimetic membranes have been regarded as one of the most important key components to develop controllable biomimetic bioanalysis systems. Here, we review the preparation and characterization of biomimetic membranes in comparison with the features of the extracellular matrix. After that, we review and discuss the latest applications of engineered biomimetic membranes to fabricate various organs on a chip, such as liver, kidney, intestine, lung, skin, heart, vasculature and blood vessels, brain, and multiorgans with perspectives for further biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Fariba Rasouli
- Bioceramics and Implants Laboratory, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174-66191, Iran
| | - Sepideh Jahangiri
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran.,School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Omid Akhavan
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Sanghoon Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Jungho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
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30
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Organoids and Their Research Progress in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 47:880-891. [PMID: 36401134 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-03129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Organoids are 3D structures generated from stem cells. Their functions and physiological characteristics are similar to those of normal organs. They are used in disease mechanism research, new drug development, organ transplantation and other fields. In recent years, the application of 3D materials in plastic surgery for repairing injuries, filling, tissue reconstruction and regeneration has also been investigated. The PubMed/MEDLINE database was queried to search for animal and human studies published through July of 2022 with search terms related to Organoids, Plastic Surgery, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Bioscaffold, Skin Reconstruction, Bone and Cartilage Regeneration. This review presents stem cells, scaffold materials and methods for the construction of organoids for plastic surgery, and it summarizes their research progress in plastic surgery in recent years.Level of Evidence III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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31
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Mießner H, Seidel J, Smith ESJ. In vitro models for investigating itch. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:984126. [PMID: 36385768 PMCID: PMC9644192 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.984126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Itch (pruritus) is a sensation that drives a desire to scratch, a behavior observed in many animals. Although generally short-lasting and not causing harm, there are several pathological conditions where chronic itch is a hallmark symptom and in which prolonged scratching can induce damage. Finding medications to counteract the sensation of chronic itch has proven difficult due to the molecular complexity that involves a multitude of triggers, receptors and signaling pathways between skin, immune and nerve cells. While much has been learned about pruritus from in vivo animal models, they have limitations that corroborate the necessity for a transition to more human disease-like models. Also, reducing animal use should be encouraged in research. However, conducting human in vivo experiments can also be ethically challenging. Thus, there is a clear need for surrogate models to be used in pre-clinical investigation of the mechanisms of itch. Most in vitro models used for itch research focus on the use of known pruritogens. For this, sensory neurons and different types of skin and/or immune cells are stimulated in 2D or 3D co-culture, and factors such as neurotransmitter or cytokine release can be measured. There are however limitations of such simplistic in vitro models. For example, not all naturally occurring cell types are present and there is also no connection to the itch-sensing organ, the central nervous system (CNS). Nevertheless, in vitro models offer a chance to investigate otherwise inaccessible specific cell–cell interactions and molecular pathways. In recent years, stem cell-based approaches and human primary cells have emerged as viable alternatives to standard cell lines or animal tissue. As in vitro models have increased in their complexity, further opportunities for more elaborated means of investigating itch have been developed. In this review, we introduce the latest concepts of itch and discuss the advantages and limitations of current in vitro models, which provide valuable contributions to pruritus research and might help to meet the unmet clinical need for more refined anti-pruritic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Mießner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Dermatological Skin Care, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Judith Seidel
- Dermatological Skin Care, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ewan St. John Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ewan St. John Smith,
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32
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Sun S, Jin L, Zheng Y, Zhu J. Modeling human HSV infection via a vascularized immune-competent skin-on-chip platform. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5481. [PMID: 36123328 PMCID: PMC9485166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) naturally infects skin and mucosal surfaces, causing lifelong recurrent disease worldwide, with no cure or vaccine. Biomimetic human tissue and organ platforms provide attractive alternatives over animal models to recapitulate human diseases. Combining prevascularization and microfluidic approaches, we present a vascularized, three-dimensional skin-on-chip that mimics human skin architecture and is competent to immune-cell and drug perfusion. The endothelialized microvasculature embedded in a fibroblast-containing dermis responds to biological stimulation, while the cornified epidermis functions as a protective barrier. HSV infection of the skin-on-chip displays tissue-level key morphological and pathophysiological features typical of genital herpes infection in humans, including the production of proinflammatory cytokine IL-8, which triggers rapid neutrophil trans-endothelial extravasation and directional migration. Importantly, perfusion with the antiviral drug acyclovir inhibits HSV infection in a dose-dependent and time-sensitive manner. Thus, our vascularized skin-on-chip represents a promising platform for human HSV disease modeling and preclinical therapeutic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Lei Jin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA.
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
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33
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Sun W, Liu Z, Xu J, Cheng Y, Yin R, Ma L, Li H, Qian X, Zhang H. 3D skin models along with skin-on-a-chip systems: A critical review. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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A New Model to Investigate the Effects of Cosmetics on Skin Microorganisms In Vitro. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of prebiotic substances in cosmetic products in order to improve skin appearance by influencing the skin microbiome has become quite common. As known from the food industry, prebiotic cosmetics aim for specific support of beneficial microorganisms, while others, especially pathogenic bacteria, are sought to be inhibited. To develop such products and evaluate their efficacy, it is crucial to understand the mode of action of prebiotic substances already before an in vivo use phase, e.g., by applying appropriate lab methods. We describe the development of a suitable in vitro model in order to test the efficacy of prebiotic substances incorporated in different types of formulas. A leather surface inoculated with different bacterial species of the human residential skin microbiota proved effective in simulating the action of prebiotic agents on the skin. It could be shown that the growth of bacteria was positively or negatively influenced by cosmetic formulas containing prebiotic substances. Thus, the model allows the investigation of prebiotic agents in cosmetic formulas with respect to their efficacy on a skin-like surface.
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35
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Vahav I, Thon M, van den Broek LJ, Spiekstra SW, Atac B, Lindner G, Schimek K, Marx U, Gibbs S. Proof-of-Concept Organ-on-Chip Study: Topical Cinnamaldehyde Exposure of Reconstructed Human Skin with Integrated Neopapillae Cultured under Dynamic Flow. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081529. [PMID: 35893784 PMCID: PMC9330995 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and personal care industries require human representative models for testing to ensure the safety of their products. A major route of penetration into our body after substance exposure is via the skin. Our aim was to generate robust culture conditions for a next generation human skin-on-chip model containing neopapillae and to establish proof-of-concept testing with the sensitizer, cinnamaldehyde. Reconstructed human skin consisting of a stratified and differentiated epidermis on a fibroblast populated hydrogel containing neopapillae spheroids (RhS-NP), were cultured air-exposed and under dynamic flow for 10 days. The robustness of three independent experiments, each with up to 21 intra-experiment replicates, was investigated. The epidermis was seen to invaginate into the hydrogel towards the neopapille spheroids. Daily measurements of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose levels within the culture medium demonstrated high viability and stable metabolic activity throughout the culture period in all three independent experiments and in the replicates within an experiment. Topical cinnamaldehyde exposure to RhS-NP resulted in dose-dependent cytotoxicity (increased LDH release) and elevated cytokine secretion of contact sensitizer specific IL-18, pro-inflammatory IL-1β, inflammatory IL-23 and IFN-γ, as well as anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-12p70. This study demonstrates the robustness and feasibility of complex next generation skin models for investigating skin immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Vahav
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function & Regeneration, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Thon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lenie J. van den Broek
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W. Spiekstra
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beren Atac
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Lindner
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
- Provio GmbH, Oranienburger Chaussee 2, 16548 Glienicke/Nordbahn, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Marx
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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36
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Gao C, Lu C, Qiao H, Zhang Y, Liu H, Jian Z, Guo Z, Liu Y. Strategies for vascularized skin models in vitro. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4724-4739. [PMID: 35861381 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00784c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As the largest organ of the human body, the skin has a complex multi-layered structure. The composition of the skin includes cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), vascular networks, and other appendages. Because of the shortage of donor sites, skin substitutes are of great significance in the field of skin tissue repair. Moreover, skin models for disease research, drug screening, and cosmetic testing fall far short of the demand. Skin tissue engineering has made remarkable progress in developing skin models over the years. However, there are still several problems to be resolved. One of the crucial aspects is the lack of vascular systems for nutrient transport and waste disposal. Here, we will focus on the discussion and analysis of advanced manufacturing strategies for prevascularized skin, such as a scaffold-based method, cell coating technology, cell sheet engineering, skin-on-a-chip, and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. These key challenges, which restrict the prevascularized skin and provide perspectives on future directions will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Gao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Chunxiang Lu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Hao Qiao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Huazhen Liu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhian Jian
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Zilong Guo
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. .,Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
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Flaire E, Nachat-Kappes R, Laporte C, Harmand MF, Simon M, Poinsot C. Alternative in vitro models used in the main safety tests of cosmetic products and new challenges. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 44:604-613. [PMID: 35842748 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guided by ethical considerations and regulatory requirements such as the 7th Amendment to the European Cosmetics Directive N° 1223/2009, the cosmetic industry has developed and evaluated alternative test strategies such as in vitro assays, in silico approaches for toxicological endpoints and efficacy of cosmetic products and cosmetics ingredients. In consequence, the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) has proposed a list of validated cell-based in vitro models for predicting the safety and toxicity of cosmetic ingredients. These models have been demonstrated as valuable and effective tools to overcome the limitations of animal in vivo studies. For example, 3D human skin equivalent models are used to evaluate skin irritation potential; and excised human skin is used as the gold standard for the evaluation of dermal absorption. OBJECTIVE This review presents, in relation to the regulatory requirements, the main alternative in vitro models used in the safety tests of cosmetic products, focusing on skin sensitization, skin corrosion, skin irritation and skin absorption, with advantages and limitations of each model. Recent innovative 3D cell technologies such as Organ-on-a-Chip (OoC) models that can bring significant improvements for toxicology and efficacy testing are also presented. CONCLUSION The development of OoC technology is promising for assessing the toxicity of substances contained in cosmetics, particularly for repeated dose toxicity, for which no alternative in vitro methods are currently available. Nevertheless, aside from the challenges, the technology needs to be validated and accepted by regulatory organizations as an effective method. Collaboration between researchers, regulatory organizations and industry would be required to achieve this validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Flaire
- Groupe ICARE. Biopôle, Saint Beauzire.,UMR 1019 INRAE-University Clermont-Auvergne, UNH (Human Nutrition Unity), ECREIN Team, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Singh VK, Seed TM. Acute radiation syndrome drug discovery using organ-on-chip platforms. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:865-878. [PMID: 35838021 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2099833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : The high attrition rate during drug development remains a challenge that costs a significant amount of time and money. Improving the probabilities of success during the early stages of radiation medical countermeasure (MCM) development for approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) following the Animal Rule will reduce this burden. For optimal development of MCMs, we need suitable and efficient radiation injury models with high biological relevance for evaluating drug efficacy as well as biomarker discovery and validation. AREA COVERED This article focuses on new technologies involving various organs-on-chip platforms. Of late, there have been rapid development of these technologies, especially in terms of mimicking both normal and abnormal physiological conditions. Here, we suggest possible applications of these novel systems for the discovery and development of radiation MCMs for the acute radiation syndrome (ARS). We offer preliminary information on the utility of one such system for MCM research and discovery for the ARS condition. EXPERT OPINION : Each organ-on-a-chip system has its own strengths and shortcomings. As such, the system selected for MCM discovery, development, and regulatory approval should be carefully considered and optimized to the fullest extent in order to augment successful drug testing and the minimization of attrition rates of candidate agents. The recent encouraging progress with organ-on-a-chip technology will likely lead to additional radiation MCMs for ARS approved by the US FDA. The acceptance of organ-on-a-chip technology may be a promising step toward improving the success rate of pharmaceuticals in MCM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas M Seed
- Tech Micro Services, 4417 Maple Avenue, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Chong LH, Ching T, Farm HJ, Grenci G, Chiam KH, Toh YC. Integration of a microfluidic multicellular coculture array with machine learning analysis to predict adverse cutaneous drug reactions. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1890-1904. [PMID: 35348137 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01140e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adverse cutaneous reactions are potentially life-threatening skin side effects caused by drugs administered into the human body. The availability of a human-specific in vitro platform that can prospectively screen drugs and predict this risk is therefore of great importance to drug safety. However, since adverse cutaneous drug reactions are mediated by at least 2 distinct mechanisms, both involving systemic interactions between liver, immune and dermal tissues, existing in vitro skin models have not been able to comprehensively recapitulate these complex, multi-cellular interactions to predict the skin-sensitization potential of drugs. Here, we report a novel in vitro drug screening platform, which comprises a microfluidic multicellular coculture array (MCA) to model different mechanisms-of-action using a collection of simplistic cellular assays. The resultant readouts are then integrated with a machine-learning algorithm to predict the skin sensitizing potential of systemic drugs. The MCA consists of 4 cell culture compartments connected by diffusion microchannels to enable crosstalk between hepatocytes that generate drug metabolites, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that detect the immunogenicity of the drug metabolites, and keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, which collectively determine drug metabolite-induced FasL-mediated apoptosis. A single drug screen using the MCA can simultaneously generate 5 readouts, which are integrated using support vector machine (SVM) and principal component analysis (PCA) to classify and visualize the drugs as skin sensitizers or non-skin sensitizers. The predictive performance of the MCA and SVM classification algorithm is then validated through a pilot screen of 11 drugs labelled by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), including 7 skin-sensitizing and 4 non-skin sensitizing drugs, using stratified 4-fold cross-validation (CV) on SVM. The predictive performance of our in vitro model achieves an average of 87.5% accuracy (correct prediction rate), 75% specificity (prediction rate of true negative drugs), and 100% sensitivity (prediction rate of true positive drugs). We then employ the MCA and the SVM training algorithm to prospectively identify the skin-sensitizing likelihood and mechanism-of-action for obeticholic acid (OCA), a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist which has undergone clinical trials for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with well-documented cutaneous side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lor Huai Chong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, #04-08, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Bioinformatics Institute, ASTAR, 30 Biopolis St, Singapore 138671, Singapore
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Terry Ching
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, #04-08, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Rd, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Hui Jia Farm
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QD, UK
| | - Gianluca Grenci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, #04-08, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Keng-Hwee Chiam
- Bioinformatics Institute, ASTAR, 30 Biopolis St, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, #04-08, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- School of Mechanical Medical & Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
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Riddle RB, Jennbacken K, Hansson KM, Harper MT. Endothelial inflammation and neutrophil transmigration are modulated by extracellular matrix composition in an inflammation-on-a-chip model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6855. [PMID: 35477984 PMCID: PMC9046410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are often characterised by excessive neutrophil infiltration from the blood stream to the site of inflammation, which damages healthy tissue and prevents resolution of inflammation. Development of anti-inflammatory drugs is hindered by lack of in vitro and in vivo models which accurately represent the disease microenvironment. In this study, we used the OrganoPlate to develop a humanized 3D in vitro inflammation-on-a-chip model to recapitulate neutrophil transmigration across the endothelium and subsequent migration through the extracellular matrix (ECM). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells formed confluent vessels against collagen I and geltrex mix, a mix of basement membrane extract and collagen I. TNF-α-stimulation of vessels upregulated inflammatory cytokine expression and promoted neutrophil transmigration. Intriguingly, major differences were found depending on the composition of the ECM. Neutrophils transmigrated in higher number and further in geltrex mix than collagen I, and did not require an N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) gradient for transmigration. Inhibition of neutrophil proteases inhibited neutrophil transmigration on geltrex mix, but not collagen I. These findings highlight the important role of the ECM in determining cell phenotype and response to inhibitors. Future work could adapt the ECM composition for individual diseases, producing accurate models for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Riddle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karin Jennbacken
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kenny M Hansson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthew T Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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41
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Zoio P, Oliva A. Skin-on-a-Chip Technology: Microengineering Physiologically Relevant In Vitro Skin Models. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030682. [PMID: 35336056 PMCID: PMC8955316 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased demand for physiologically relevant in vitro human skin models for testing pharmaceutical drugs has led to significant advancements in skin engineering. One of the most promising approaches is the use of in vitro microfluidic systems to generate advanced skin models, commonly known as skin-on-a-chip (SoC) devices. These devices allow the simulation of key mechanical, functional and structural features of the human skin, better mimicking the native microenvironment. Importantly, contrary to conventional cell culture techniques, SoC devices can perfuse the skin tissue, either by the inclusion of perfusable lumens or by the use of microfluidic channels acting as engineered vasculature. Moreover, integrating sensors on the SoC device allows real-time, non-destructive monitoring of skin function and the effect of topically and systemically applied drugs. In this Review, the major challenges and key prerequisites for the creation of physiologically relevant SoC devices for drug testing are considered. Technical (e.g., SoC fabrication and sensor integration) and biological (e.g., cell sourcing and scaffold materials) aspects are discussed. Recent advancements in SoC devices are here presented, and their main achievements and drawbacks are compared and discussed. Finally, this review highlights the current challenges that need to be overcome for the clinical translation of SoC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Zoio
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Abel Oliva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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42
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Hammel JH, Zatorski JM, Cook SR, Pompano RR, Munson JM. Engineering in vitro immune-competent tissue models for testing and evaluation of therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114111. [PMID: 35031388 PMCID: PMC8908413 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advances in 3D cell culture, microscale fluidic control, and cellular analysis have enabled the development of more physiologically-relevant engineered models of human organs with precise control of the cellular microenvironment. Engineered models have been used successfully to answer fundamental biological questions and to screen therapeutics, but these often neglect key elements of the immune system. There are immune elements in every tissue that contribute to healthy and diseased states. Including immune function will be essential for effective preclinical testing of therapeutics for inflammatory and immune-modulated diseases. In this review, we first discuss the key components to consider in designing engineered immune-competent models in terms of physical, chemical, and biological cues. Next, we review recent applications of models of immunity for screening therapeutics for cancer, preclinical evaluation of engineered T cells, modeling autoimmunity, and screening vaccine efficacy. Future work is needed to further recapitulate immune responses in engineered models for the most informative therapeutic screening and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. Hammel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Zatorski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Sophie R. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Rebecca R. Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia; Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA,Carter Immunology Center and UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
| | - Jennifer M. Munson
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, USA
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Nitsche KS, Müller I, Malcomber S, Carmichael PL, Bouwmeester H. Implementing organ-on-chip in a next-generation risk assessment of chemicals: a review. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:711-741. [PMID: 35103818 PMCID: PMC8850248 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip (OoC) technology is full of engineering and biological challenges, but it has the potential to revolutionize the Next-Generation Risk Assessment of novel ingredients for consumer products and chemicals. A successful incorporation of OoC technology into the Next-Generation Risk Assessment toolbox depends on the robustness of the microfluidic devices and the organ tissue models used. Recent advances in standardized device manufacturing, organ tissue cultivation and growth protocols offer the ability to bridge the gaps towards the implementation of organ-on-chip technology. Next-Generation Risk Assessment is an exposure-led and hypothesis-driven tiered approach to risk assessment using detailed human exposure information and the application of appropriate new (non-animal) toxicological testing approaches. Organ-on-chip presents a promising in vitro approach by combining human cell culturing with dynamic microfluidics to improve physiological emulation. Here, we critically review commercial organ-on-chip devices, as well as recent tissue culture model studies of the skin, intestinal barrier and liver as the main metabolic organ to be used on-chip for Next-Generation Risk Assessment. Finally, microfluidically linked tissue combinations such as skin-liver and intestine-liver in organ-on-chip devices are reviewed as they form a relevant aspect for advancing toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic studies. We point to recent achievements and challenges to overcome, to advance non-animal, human-relevant safety studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina S Nitsche
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Iris Müller
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Sophie Malcomber
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Paul L Carmichael
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Hans Bouwmeester
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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44
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Sutterby E, Thurgood P, Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K, Pirogova E. Evaluation of in vitro human skin models for studying effects of external stressors and stimuli and developing treatment modalities. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20210012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sutterby
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | | | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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45
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Sarama R, Matharu PK, Abduldaiem Y, Corrêa MP, Gil CD, Greco KV. In Vitro Disease Models for Understanding Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:803218. [PMID: 35265594 PMCID: PMC8899215 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.803218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis (PS) and Atopic Dermatitis (AD) are two of the most prevalent inflammatory skin diseases. Dysregulations in the immune response are believed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Various parallels can be drawn between the two disorders, as they are both genetically mediated, and characterised by dry, scaly skin caused by abnormal proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes. The use of in vitro disease models has become an increasingly popular method to study PS and AD due to the high reproducibility and accuracy in recapitulating the pathogenesis of these conditions. However, due to the extensive range of in vitro models available and the majority of these being at early stages of production, areas of development are needed. This review summarises the key features of PS and AD, the different types of in vitro models available to study their pathophysiology and evaluating their efficacy in addition to discussing future research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roudin Sarama
- Research and Development Department, The Griffin Institute, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Priya K. Matharu
- Research and Development Department, The Griffin Institute, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Yousef Abduldaiem
- Research and Development Department, The Griffin Institute, Harrow, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mab P. Corrêa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José, Brazil
| | - Cristiane D. Gil
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José, Brazil
| | - Karin V. Greco
- Research and Development Department, The Griffin Institute, Harrow, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Karin V. Greco,
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46
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From organ-on-chip to body-on-chip: The next generation of microfluidics platforms for in vitro drug efficacy and toxicity testing. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 187:41-91. [PMID: 35094781 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The high failure rate in drug development is often attributed to the lack of accurate pre-clinical models that may lead to false discoveries and inconclusive data when the compounds are eventually tested in clinical phase. With the evolution of cell culture technologies, drug testing systems have widely improved, and today, with the emergence of microfluidics devices, drug screening seems to be at the dawn of an important revolution. An organ-on-chip allows the culture of living cells in continuously perfused microchambers to reproduce physiological functions of a particular tissue or organ. The advantages of such systems are not only their ability to recapitulate the complex biochemical interactions between different human cell types but also to incorporate physical forces, including shear stress and mechanical stretching or compression. To improve this model, and to reproduce the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination process of an exogenous compound, organ-on-chips can even be linked fluidically to mimic physiological interactions between different organs, leading to the development of body-on-chips. Although these technologies are still at a young age and need to address a certain number of limitations, they already demonstrated their relevance to study the effect of drugs or toxins on organs, displaying a similar response to what is observed in vivo. The purpose of this review is to present the evolution from organ-on-chip to body-on-chip, examine their current use for drug testing and discuss their advantages and future challenges they will face in order to become an essential pillar of pharmaceutical research.
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Joint-on-chip platforms: entering a new era of in vitro models for arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:217-231. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Marsella R, Wilkes R, Ahrens K. Canine Epidermal Keratinocytes (CPEK) Grown in Monolayer Are Not Representative of Normal Canine Keratinocytes for Permeability Studies: Pilot Studies. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9010025. [PMID: 35051109 PMCID: PMC8780127 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes (CPEK) are used as canine keratinocyte cell line. Their suitability for skin barrier studies is unknown. Measurement of transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) evaluates epithelial permeability. We compared TEER and tight junction (TJ) expression in CPEKs and normal keratinocytes (NK) harvested from biopsies of normal dogs. CPEKs and NK were grown until confluence (D0) and for 13 additional days. Slides were fixed on D0 and stained with ZO-1 and claudin-1 antibodies. Five images/antibody were taken, randomized and evaluated blindly by three investigators for intensity, staining location, granularity, and continuousness. Cell size and variability were evaluated. TEER increased overtime to 2000 Ohms/cm in NK, while remained around 100–150 Ohms/cm in CPEK. ANOVA showed significant effect of time (p < 0.0001), group (p < 0.0001) and group x time interaction (p < 0.0001) for TEER. Size of CPEKs was significantly (p < 0.0001) smaller and less variable (p = 0.0078) than NK. Intensity of claudin-1 staining was greater in CPEKs (p < 0.0001) while granularity was less in CPEKs (p = 0.0012). For ZO-1, cytoplasmic staining was greater in CPEK (p < 0.0001) while membrane continuousness of staining was greater in NK (p = 0.0002). We conclude that CPEKs grown in monolayer are not representative of NK for permeability studies.
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Makkar H, Atkuru S, Tang YL, Sethi T, Lim CT, Tan KS, Sriram G. Differential immune responses of 3D gingival and periodontal connective tissue equivalents to microbial colonization. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221111650. [PMID: 35923175 PMCID: PMC9340411 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts are functionally distinct cell
types within the dento-gingival unit that participate in host immune response.
Their microenvironment influences the behavior and immune response to microbial
challenge. We developed three-dimensional gingival and periodontal connective
tissue equivalents (CTEs) using human fibrin-based matrix. The CTEs were
characterized, and the heterogeneity in their innate immune response was
investigated. The CTEs demonstrated no to minimal response to planktonic
Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus
oralis, while their biofilms elicited a moderate increase in IL-6
and IL-8 production. In contrast, Fusobacterium nucleatum
provoked a substantial increase in IL-6 and IL-8 production. Interestingly, the
gingival CTEs secreted significantly higher IL-6, while periodontal counterparts
produced higher IL-8. In conclusion, the gingival and periodontal CTEs exhibited
differential responses to various bacterial challenges. This gives insights into
the contribution of tissue topography and fibroblast heterogeneity in rendering
protective and specific immune responses toward early biofilm colonizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Makkar
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srividya Atkuru
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Ling Tang
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tanya Sethi
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Soo Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Dermal Delivery of Lipid Nanoparticles: Effects on Skin and Assessment of Absorption and Safety. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:83-114. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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