1
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Sklenárová D, Hlaváček A, Křivánková J, Brandmeier JC, Weisová J, Řiháček M, Gorris HH, Skládal P, Farka Z. Single-molecule microfluidic assay for prostate-specific antigen based on magnetic beads and upconversion nanoparticles. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3536-3545. [PMID: 38946347 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00346b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Early-stage diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma is essential for successful treatment and, thus, significant prognosis improvement. In laboratory practice, the standard non-invasive diagnostic approach is the immunochemical detection of the associated biomarker, prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Ultrasensitive detection of PSA is essential for both diagnostic and recurrence monitoring purposes. To achieve exceptional sensitivity, we have developed a microfluidic device with a flow-through cell for single-molecule analysis using photon-upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as a detection label. For this purpose, magnetic microparticles (MBs) were first optimized for the capture and preconcentration of PSA and then used to implement a bead-based upconversion-linked immunoassay (ULISA) in the microfluidic device. The digital readout based on counting single nanoparticle-labeled PSA molecules on MBs enabled a detection limit of 1.04 pg mL-1 (36 fM) in 50% fetal bovine serum, which is an 11-fold improvement over the respective analog MB-based ULISA. The microfluidic technique conferred several other advantages, such as easy implementation and the potential for achieving high-throughput analysis. Finally, it was proven that the microfluidic setup is suitable for clinical sample analysis, showing a good correlation with a reference electrochemiluminescence assay (recovery rates between 97% and 105%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Sklenárová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Antonín Hlaváček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Křivánková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Julian C Brandmeier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 930 53 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julie Weisová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Řiháček
- Department of Laboratory Methods, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hans H Gorris
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Skládal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Farka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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2
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Nan L, Zhang H, Weitz DA, Shum HC. Development and future of droplet microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1135-1153. [PMID: 38165829 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00729d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, advances in droplet-based microfluidics have facilitated new approaches to process and analyze samples with unprecedented levels of precision and throughput. A wide variety of applications has been inspired across multiple disciplines ranging from materials science to biology. Understanding the dynamics of droplets enables optimization of microfluidic operations and design of new techniques tailored to emerging demands. In this review, we discuss the underlying physics behind high-throughput generation and manipulation of droplets. We also summarize the applications in droplet-derived materials and droplet-based lab-on-a-chip biotechnology. In addition, we offer perspectives on future directions to realize wider use of droplet microfluidics in industrial production and biomedical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Nan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huidan Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - David A Weitz
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Wang W, Geng L, Zhang Y, Shen W, Bi M, Gong T, Hu Z, Guo C, Wang T, Sun T. Development of antibody-aptamer sandwich-like immunosensor based on RCA and Nicked-PAM CRISPR/Cas12a system for the ultra-sensitive detection of a biomarker. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1283:341849. [PMID: 37977804 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are the most sensitive reactants and early indicators of many kinds of diseases. The development of highly sensitive and simple techniques to quantify them is challenging. In this study, based on rolling cycle amplification (RCA) and the Nicked PAM/CRISPR-Cas12a system (RNPC) as a signal reporter, a sandwich-type method was developed using antibody@magnetic beads and aptamer for the high-sensitive detection of the C-reactive protein (CRP). The antibody-antigen (target)-aptamer sandwich-like reaction was coupled to RCA, which can produce hundreds of similar binding sites and are discriminated by CRISPR/Cas12a for signal amplification. The ultrasensitivity is achieved based on the dual-signal enhancing strategy, which involves the special recognition of aptamers, RCA, and trans-cleavage of CRISPR/Cas12a. By incorporating the CRISPR/Cas12a system with cleaved PAM, the nonspecific amplification of the RCA reaction alone was greatly reduced, and the dual signal output of RCA and Cas12a improved the detection sensitivity. Our assay can be performed only in two steps. The first step takes only 20 min of target capture, followed by a one-pot reaction, where the target concentration can be obtained by fluorescence values as long as there are 37 °C reaction conditions. Under optimal conditions, this system detected CRP with high sensitivity. The fabricated biosensor showed detection limits of 0.40 pg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline and 0.73 pg/mL in diluted human serum and a broad linear dynamic range of 1.28 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL within a total readout time of 90 min. The method could be used to perform multi-step signal amplification, which can help in the ultrasensitive detection of other proteins. Overall, the proposed biosensor might be used as an immunosensor biosensor platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China; School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical College, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Lu Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Yiyang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Weili Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Meng Bi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Tingting Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical College, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Changjiang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China; School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical College, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
| | - Tianhui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China.
| | - Tieqiang Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China.
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4
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Jacková B, Mottet G, Rudiuk S, Morel M, Baigl D. DNA-Encoded Immunoassay in Picoliter Drops: A Minimal Cell-Free Approach. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200266. [PMID: 36750732 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassays have emerged as indispensable bioanalytical tools but necessitate long preliminary steps for the selection, production, and purification of the antibody(ies) to be used. Here is explored the paradigm shift of creating a rapid and purification-free assay in picoliter drops where the antibody is expressed from coding DNA and its binding to antigens concomitantly characterized in situ. Efficient synthesis in bulk of various functional variable domains of heavy-chain only antibodies (VHH) using reconstituted cell-free expression media, including an anti-green fluorescent protein VHH, is shown first. A microfluidic device is then used to generate monodisperse drops (30 pL) containing all the assay components, including a capture scaffold, onto which the accumulation of VHH:antigen produces a specific fluorescent signal. This allows to assess, in parallel or sequentially at high throughput (500 Hz), the VHH-antigen binding and its specificity in less than 3 h, directly from a VHH-coding DNA, for multiple VHH sequences, various antigens and down to DNA concentrations as low as 12 plasmids per drop. It is anticipated that the ultraminiaturized format, robustness, and programmability of this novel cell-free immunoassay concept will constitute valuable assets in fields as diverse as antibody discovery, point-of-care diagnostics, synthetic biology, and/or bioanalytical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Jacková
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, 75005, France
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi, Vitry-sur-Seine, 94400, France
| | - Guillaume Mottet
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi, Vitry-sur-Seine, 94400, France
| | - Sergii Rudiuk
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Mathieu Morel
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Damien Baigl
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, 75005, France
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5
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Shiu SCC, Kinghorn AB, Guo W, Slaughter LS, Ji D, Mo X, Wang L, Tran NC, Kwok CK, Shum AHC, Tse ECM, Tanner JA. Aptamers as Functional Modules for DNA Nanostructures. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2639:301-337. [PMID: 37166724 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3028-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Watson-Crick base-pairing of DNA allows the nanoscale fabrication of biocompatible synthetic nanostructures for diagnostic and therapeutic biomedical purposes. DNA nanostructure design elicits exquisite control of shape and conformation compared to other nanoparticles. Furthermore, nucleic acid aptamers can be coupled to DNA nanostructures to allow interaction and response to a plethora of biomolecules beyond nucleic acids. When compared to the better-known approach of using protein antibodies for molecular recognition, nucleic acid aptamers are bespoke with the underlying DNA nanostructure backbone and have various other stability, synthesis, and cost advantages. Here, we provide detailed methodologies to synthesize and characterize aptamer-enabled DNA nanostructures. The methods described can be generally applied to various designs of aptamer-enabled DNA nanostructures with a wide range of applications both within and beyond biomedical nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chi-Chin Shiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrew B Kinghorn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Microfluidics and Soft Matter Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liane S Slaughter
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Danyang Ji
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyong Mo
- Department of Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ngoc Chau Tran
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Kit Kwok
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anderson Ho Cheung Shum
- Microfluidics and Soft Matter Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edmund Chun Ming Tse
- Department of Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, Zhejiang, China
| | - Julian A Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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6
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Cole T, Zheng J, Bayinqiaoge, Guo J, Tang SY. Microfluidic flow cytometry for blood-based biomarker analysis. Analyst 2022; 147:2895-2917. [PMID: 35611964 DOI: 10.1039/d2an00283c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry has proven its capability for rapid and quantitative analysis of individual cells and the separation of targeted biological samples from others. The emerging microfluidics technology makes it possible to develop portable microfluidic diagnostic devices for point-of-care testing (POCT) applications. Microfluidic flow cytometry (MFCM), where flow cytometry and microfluidics are combined to achieve similar or even superior functionalities on microfluidic chips, provides a powerful single-cell characterisation and sorting tool for various biological samples. In recent years, researchers have made great progress in the development of the MFCM including focusing, detecting, and sorting subsystems, and its unique capabilities have been demonstrated in various biological applications. Moreover, liquid biopsy using blood can provide various physiological and pathological information. Thus, biomarkers from blood are regarded as meaningful circulating transporters of signal molecules or particles and have great potential to be used as non (or minimally)-invasive diagnostic tools. In this review, we summarise the recent progress of the key subsystems for MFCM and its achievements in blood-based biomarker analysis. Finally, foresight is offered to highlight the research challenges faced by MFCM in expanding into blood-based POCT applications, potentially yielding commercialisation opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Ying Zhao
- National Chengdu Centre of Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tim Cole
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jiahao Zheng
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Bayinqiaoge
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jinhong Guo
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Zhou P, He H, Ma H, Wang S, Hu S. A Review of Optical Imaging Technologies for Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020274. [PMID: 35208397 PMCID: PMC8877635 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics can precisely control and manipulate micro-scale fluids, and are also known as lab-on-a-chip or micro total analysis systems. Microfluidics have huge application potential in biology, chemistry, and medicine, among other fields. Coupled with a suitable detection system, the detection and analysis of small-volume and low-concentration samples can be completed. This paper reviews an optical imaging system combined with microfluidics, including bright-field microscopy, chemiluminescence imaging, spectrum-based microscopy imaging, and fluorescence-based microscopy imaging. At the end of the article, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
| | - Haipeng He
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
| | - Hanbin Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China;
- Guangdong ACXEL Micro & Nano Tech Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
| | - Shurong Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Siyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China;
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (S.H.)
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8
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Mathekga BSP, Nxumalo Z, Thimiri Govinda Raj DB. Micro and nanofluidics for high throughput drug screening. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 187:93-120. [PMID: 35094783 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this book chapter, we elaborate on the state-of-the-art technology developments in high throughput screening, microfluidics and nanofluidics. This book chapter further elaborated on the application of microfluidics and nanofluidics for high throughput drug screening with respect to communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases such as cancer. As a future perspective, there is tremendous potential for microfluidics and nanofluidics to be applied in high throughput drug screening which could be applied for various biotechnology applications such as in cancer precision medicine, point-of-care diagnostics and imaging. With the integration of Fourth industrial revolution (4IR) technologies with micro and nanofluidics technologies, it envisioned that such integration along with digital health would enable next generation technology development in medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zandile Nxumalo
- Synthetic Nanobiotechnology and Biomachines Group, Synthetic Biology and Precision Medicine Centre, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Deepak B Thimiri Govinda Raj
- Synthetic Nanobiotechnology and Biomachines Group, Synthetic Biology and Precision Medicine Centre, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa.
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9
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Zhao X, Yuan Y, Liu X, Mao F, Xu G, Liu Q. A Versatile Platform for Sensitive and Label-Free Identification of Biomarkers through an Exo-III-Assisted Cascade Signal Amplification Strategy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2298-2304. [PMID: 35040308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of a versatile and sensitive analytical biomarker detection platform is important for both early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In the present study, we propose a novel fluorescence-based, ultrasensitive, and label-free biomarker detection platform. This platform relies on a flexible probe design compatible for multiple biomarker identification and Exo-III enzyme-triggered cascade signal amplification. We have validated that this label-free platform exhibits high sensitivity and specificity. Indeed, this platform exhibited brilliant analytical performance in qualifying a carcinoembryonic antigen and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). It also shows excellent capability in multiplexing mapping of surface proteins of various cancer-derived sEVs. Therefore, we believe that the proposed sensing platform has great potential for clinical diagnosis and anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fajiang Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Ge Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qingzhong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
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10
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Regan B, O'Kennedy R, Collins D. Advances in point-of-care testing for cardiovascular diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 104:1-70. [PMID: 34462053 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) is a specific format of diagnostic testing that is conducted without accompanying infrastructure or sophisticated instrumentation. Traditionally, such rapid sample-to-answer assays provide inferior analytical performances to their laboratory counterparts when measuring cardiac biomarkers. Hence, their potentially broad applicability is somewhat bound by their inability to detect clinically relevant concentrations of cardiac troponin (cTn) in the early stages of myocardial injury. However, the continuous refinement of biorecognition elements, the optimization of detection techniques, and the fabrication of tailored fluid handling systems to manage the sensing process has stimulated the production of commercial assays that can support accelerated diagnostic pathways. This review will present the latest commercial POC assays and examine their impact on clinical decision-making. The individual elements that constitute POC assays will be explored, with an emphasis on aspects that contribute to economically feasible and highly sensitive assays. Furthermore, the prospect of POCT imparting a greater influence on early interventions for medium to high-risk individuals and the potential to re-shape the paradigm of cardiovascular risk assessments will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Regan
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; Research Complex, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - David Collins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Shi N, Mohibullah M, Easley CJ. Active Flow Control and Dynamic Analysis in Droplet Microfluidics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:133-153. [PMID: 33979546 PMCID: PMC8956363 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-122120-042627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidics has emerged as an important subfield within the microfluidic and general analytical communities. Indeed, several unique applications such as digital assay readout and single-cell sequencing now have commercial systems based on droplet microfluidics. Yet there remains room for this research area to grow. To date, most analytical readouts are optical in nature, relatively few studies have integrated sample preparation, and passive means for droplet formation and manipulation have dominated the field. Analytical scientists continue to expand capabilities by developing droplet-compatible method adaptations, for example, by interfacing to mass spectrometers or automating droplet sampling for temporally resolved analysis. In this review, we highlight recently developed fluidic control techniques and unique integrations of analytical methodology with droplet microfluidics-focusing on automation and the connections to analog/digital domains-and we conclude by offering a perspective on current challenges and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA;
| | - Md Mohibullah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA;
| | - Christopher J Easley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA;
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12
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13
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Feng H, Liu L, Chen Y, Shu W, Huang Y, Zhang B, Wu T, Jin Z, Chen Y. A compact fiber-integrated optofluidic platform for highly specific microRNA Förster resonance energy transfer detection. Analyst 2021; 146:4454-4460. [PMID: 33982715 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00324k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted extensive interest as promising biomarkers for the profiling of diseases. However, quantitative measurement of miRNAs presents a significant challenge in biochemical studies. In this work, we developed an innovative optofluidic platform to perform a rapid, simple, quantitative and high-specificity miRNA assay using the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) principle. A novel three-way junction FRET probe was proposed to enable rapid and enzyme-free miRNA detection. Using this platform, we performed one-step, amplification-free miRNA detection with simple device operation and achieved miRNA identification at a low concentration. The detection system could achieve high specificity for discrimination of three-base mismatches, and the sample volume was significantly reduced, favorable for low-level miRNA detection in material-limited samples. The establishment of a compact, low-cost, highly sensitive and selective miRNA analysis platform provides a valuable tool for point-of-care diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Weiliang Shu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yuqing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Baoyue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Tianzhun Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zongwen Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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14
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Liu Z, Fornell A, Tenje M. A droplet acoustofluidic platform for time-controlled microbead-based reactions. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:034103. [PMID: 34025895 PMCID: PMC8131108 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics is a powerful method used to characterize chemical reactions at high throughput. Often detection is performed via in-line optical readout, which puts high demands on the detection system or makes detection of low concentration substrates challenging. Here, we have developed a droplet acoustofluidic chip for time-controlled reactions that can be combined with off-line optical readout. The principle of the platform is demonstrated by the enzymatic conversion of fluorescein diphosphate to fluorescein by alkaline phosphatase. The novelty of this work is that the time of the enzymatic reaction is controlled by physically removing the enzymes from the droplets instead of using chemical inhibitors. This is advantageous as inhibitors could potentially interact with the readout. Droplets containing substrate were generated on the chip, and enzyme-coupled microbeads were added into the droplets via pico-injection. The reaction starts as soon as the enzyme/bead complexes are added, and the reaction is stopped when the microbeads are removed from the droplets at a channel bifurcation. The encapsulated microbeads were focused in the droplets by acoustophoresis during the split, leaving the product in the side daughter droplet to be collected for the analysis (without beads). The time of the reaction was controlled by using different outlets, positioned at different lengths from the pico-injector. The enzymatic conversion could be measured with fluorescence readout in a separate PDMS based assay chip. We show the ability to perform time-controlled enzymatic assays in droplet microfluidics coupled to an off-line optical readout, without the need of enzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Tenje
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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15
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The Present and Future Role of Microfluidics for Protein and Peptide-Based Therapeutics and Diagnostics. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of peptide-based molecules within the medical field has vast potential, owing to their unique nature and predictable physicochemical profiles. However, peptide therapeutic usage is hindered by delivery-related challenges, meaning that their formulations must be altered to overcome these limitations. This process could be propelled by applying microfluidics (MFs) due to its highly controllable and adaptable attributes; however, therapeutic research within this field is extremely limited. Peptides possess multifunctional roles within therapeutic formulations, ranging from enhancing target specificity to acting as the active component of the medicine. Diagnostically, MFs are well explored in the field of peptides, as MFs provide an unsullied platform to provide fast yet accurate examinations. The capacity to add attributes, such as integrated sensors and microwells, to the MF chip, only enhances the attractiveness of MFs as a diagnostic platform. The structural individuality of peptides makes them prime candidates for diagnostic purposes, for example, antigen detection and isolation. Therefore, this review provides a useful insight into the current applications of MFs for peptide-based therapy and diagnostics and highlights potential gaps in the field that are yet to be explored or optimized.
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16
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Gupta PK, Son SE, Seong GH. Functionalized ultra-fine bimetallic PtRu alloy nanoparticle with high peroxidase-mimicking activity for rapid and sensitive colorimetric quantification of C-reactive protein. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:119. [PMID: 33751231 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The in situ synthesis is reported of citric acid-functionalized ultra-fine bimetallic PtRu alloy nanoparticles (CA@PtRu ANPs) through a simple one-pot wet chemical method. The cost-efficient CA@PtRu ANPs with an average diameter of 3.2 nm revealed to have enhanced surface area, peroxidase-like activity, high stability, and adequate availability of functional groups to bind biomolecules. Along with nanoparticle surface area, the surface charge has also significantly affected the peroxidase-like activity and the colloidal suspension stability. As an excellent immobilization matrix and peroxidase mimic, the CA@PtRu ANPs were utilized to develop non-enzymatic colorimetric immunoassay for rapid, selective, and sensitive quantification of C-reactive protein (CRP) biomarkers. In this immunoassay, CA@PtRu ANPs serve as enzyme mimic that significantly amplifies the color signals, and amine-functionalized silica-coated magnetic microbeads (APTES/SiO2@Fe3O4) act as CRP-recognizing capture probes. The absorbance curves of colorimetric immunoassay were measured in wavelengths between 550 and 750 nm, and the maximum absorbance at 652 nm was used to establish a linear relationship between absorbance and CRP concentrations. The developed colorimetric immunoassay showed rapid and sensitive quantification of CRP levels from 0.01 to 180 μg mL-1 with a LOD of 0.01 μg mL-1. Moreover, the mean recovery of CRP from spiked human serum samples lies between 97 and 109% (n = 3), which indicates that the proposed nanozyme-linked immunoassay has the potential to be used in rapid point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K Gupta
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea
| | - Seong Eun Son
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea
| | - Gi Hun Seong
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea.
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17
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Zhang JQ, Siltanen CA, Dolatmoradi A, Sun C, Chang KC, Cole RH, Gartner ZJ, Abate AR. High diversity droplet microfluidic libraries generated with a commercial liquid spotter. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4351. [PMID: 33623093 PMCID: PMC7902812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Droplet libraries consisting of many reagents encapsulated in separate droplets are necessary for applications of microfluidics, including combinatorial chemical synthesis, DNA-encoded libraries, and massively multiplexed PCR. However, existing approaches for generating them are laborious and impractical. Here, we describe an automated approach using a commercial array spotter. The approach can controllably emulsify hundreds of different reagents in a fraction of the time of manual operation of a microfluidic device, and without any user intervention. We demonstrate that the droplets produced by the spotter are similarly uniform to those produced by microfluidics and automate the generation of a ~ 2 mL emulsion containing 192 different reagents in ~ 4 h. The ease with which it can generate high diversity droplet libraries should make combinatorial applications more feasible in droplet microfluidics. Moreover, the instrument serves as an automated droplet generator, allowing execution of droplet reactions without microfluidic expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Q Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christian A Siltanen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Scribe Biosciences, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ata Dolatmoradi
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kai-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Zev J Gartner
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam R Abate
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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18
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Magnet-actuated droplet microfluidic immunosensor coupled with gel imager for detection of microcystin-LR in aquatic products. Talanta 2020; 219:121329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Nan L, Cao Y, Yuan S, Shum HC. Oil-mediated high-throughput generation and sorting of water-in-water droplets. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:70. [PMID: 34567680 PMCID: PMC8433215 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) droplets have demonstrated superior compatibility over conventional water-in-oil droplets for various biological assays. However, the ultralow interfacial tension hampers efficient and stable droplet generation, limiting further development and more extensive use of such approaches. Here, we present a simple strategy to employ oil as a transient medium for ATPS droplet generation. Two methods based on passive flow focusing and active pico-injection are demonstrated to generate water-water-oil double emulsions, achieving a high generation frequency of ~2.4 kHz. Through evaporation of the oil to break the double emulsions, the aqueous core can be released to form uniform-sized water-in-water droplets. Moreover, this technique can be used to fabricate aqueous microgels, and the introduction of the oil medium enables integration of droplet sorting to produce single-cell-laden hydrogels with a harvest rate of over 90%. We believe that the demonstrated high-throughput generation and sorting of ATPS droplets represent an important tool to advance droplet-based tissue engineering and single-cell analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Nan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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20
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Schütt J, Illing R, Volkov O, Kosub T, Granell PN, Nhalil H, Fassbender J, Klein L, Grosz A, Makarov D. Two Orders of Magnitude Boost in the Detection Limit of Droplet-Based Micro-Magnetofluidics with Planar Hall Effect Sensors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20609-20617. [PMID: 32832814 PMCID: PMC7439703 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetofluidics is a dynamic research field, which requires novel sensor solutions to boost the detection limit of tiny quantities of magnetized objects. Here, we present a sensing strategy relying on planar Hall effect sensors in droplet-based micro-magnetofluidics for the detection of a multiphase liquid flow, i.e., superparamagnetic aqueous droplets in an oil carrier phase. The high resolution of the sensor allows the detection of nanoliter-sized superparamagnetic droplets with a concentration of 0.58 mg/cm3, even when they are biased in a geomagnetic field only. The limit of detection can be boosted another order of magnitude, reaching 0.04 mg/cm3 (1.4 million particles in a single 100 nL droplet) when a magnetic field of 5 mT is applied to bias the droplets. With this performance, our sensing platform outperforms the state-of-the-art solutions in droplet-based micro-magnetofluidics by a factor of 100. This allows us to detect ferrofluid droplets in clinically and biologically relevant concentrations and even below without the need of externally applied magnetic fields. These results open the route for new strategies of the utilization of ferrofluids in microfluidic geometries in, e.g., bio(-chemical) or medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schütt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion
Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rico Illing
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion
Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleksii Volkov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion
Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Kosub
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion
Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pablo Nicolás Granell
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion
Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Escuela
de Ciencia y Tecnología, UNSAM, Campus Miguelete, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto
Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, Av. Gral Paz 5445, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hariharan Nhalil
- Department
of Physics & Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion
Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lior Klein
- Department
of Physics & Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Asaf Grosz
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 84105, Israel
| | - Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion
Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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21
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Ashiba H, Oyamada C, Hosokawa K, Ueno K, Fujimaki M. Sensitive Detection of C-Reactive Protein by One-Step Method Based on a Waveguide-Mode Sensor. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20113195. [PMID: 32512921 PMCID: PMC7309159 DOI: 10.3390/s20113195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One-step biosensing methods enable the quick and simplified detection of biological substances. In this study, we developed a sensitive one-step method on the basis of a waveguide-mode sensor, which is an optical sensor utilizing waveguide-mode resonance and evanescent light. Streptavidin-conjugated and gold-nanoparticle-conjugated antibodies were reacted with a target substance and applied onto a biotinylated sensing plate. The target substance was detected by observing changes in sensor signals caused by binding the immunocomplex to the sensing surface. Performance of the developed one-step method was examined using a C-reactive protein (CRP) as a target substance. A sensor signal corresponding to the concentration of CRP was obtained. The minimal detectable CRP concentration of the developed method was 10 pM. The developed method greatly simplifies quantitative protein detection without reducing sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ashiba
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-861-4739
| | - Chiaki Oyamada
- Research Institute, Fujimori Kogyo Co., Ltd., 1-10-1 Sachiura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0003, Japan; (C.O.); (K.H.)
| | - Kazuya Hosokawa
- Research Institute, Fujimori Kogyo Co., Ltd., 1-10-1 Sachiura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0003, Japan; (C.O.); (K.H.)
| | - Koji Ueno
- C&I Co., Ltd., 2004-1 Tamatori, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-3255, Japan;
| | - Makoto Fujimaki
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan;
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22
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Kopp MRG, Linsenmeier M, Hettich B, Prantl S, Stavrakis S, Leroux JC, Arosio P. Microfluidic Shrinking Droplet Concentrator for Analyte Detection and Phase Separation of Protein Solutions. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5803-5812. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie R. G. Kopp
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Linsenmeier
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Britta Hettich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Prantl
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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23
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Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Zhao G, Zhao Y, He X. Cold-Responsive Nanocapsules Enable the Sole-Cryoprotectant-Trehalose Cryopreservation of β Cell-Laden Hydrogels for Diabetes Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1904290. [PMID: 31833664 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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24
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Wei SC, Hsu MN, Chen CH. Plasmonic droplet screen for single-cell secretion analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 144:111639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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25
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Zhang X, Chen G, Bian F, Cai L, Zhao Y. Encoded Microneedle Arrays for Detection of Skin Interstitial Fluid Biomarkers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902825. [PMID: 31271485 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Skin interstitial fluid (ISF) is considered as an emerging source of biomarkers with physiological and medical significance. Microneedle arrays (MNs) provide a promising means for painless, noninvasive detection of these biomarkers. Here, novel MNs integrated with photonic crystal (PhC) barcodes are presented, and multiplex specific detection of ISF biomarkers is realized for the first time. The PhC barcodes-loaded flexible MNs are simply fabricated by replicating dynamic ferrofluid-cast micromoldings. When the prepared MNs are inserted into skin, they can enrich specific biomarkers to their probes-decorated PhC barcodes. Thus, by adding corresponding fluorescent probes to form sandwich immunocomplexes, the relative content of the biomarkers can be read out through the fluorescence intensity of the barcodes; meanwhile, the species of these biomarkers can be clearly distinguished by the reflection peaks of the PhC barcodes. Based on the encoded MNs, their sensitivity, flexibility, and versatility of capturing and detecting three inflammatory cytokines are demonstrated in a sepsis mice model. Compared with existing MNs for ISF detection, the encoded MNs not only possess equivalent detection effects with less post-processing and simplified procedures, but can also detect multiple biomarkers simultaneously, which makes them ideal in many clinical and biomedical detection areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Guopu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Feika Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Lijun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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26
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Recent Advances in Droplet-based Microfluidic Technologies for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10060412. [PMID: 31226819 PMCID: PMC6631694 DOI: 10.3390/mi10060412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, droplet-based microfluidic systems have been widely used in various biochemical and molecular biological assays. Since this platform technique allows manipulation of large amounts of data and also provides absolute accuracy in comparison to conventional bioanalytical approaches, over the last decade a range of basic biochemical and molecular biological operations have been transferred to drop-based microfluidic formats. In this review, we introduce recent advances and examples of droplet-based microfluidic techniques that have been applied in biochemistry and molecular biology research including genomics, proteomics and cellomics. Their advantages and weaknesses in various applications are also comprehensively discussed here. The purpose of this review is to provide a new point of view and current status in droplet-based microfluidics to biochemists and molecular biologists. We hope that this review will accelerate communications between researchers who are working in droplet-based microfluidics, biochemistry and molecular biology.
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27
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Nan L, Yang Z, Lyu H, Lau KYY, Shum HC. A Microfluidic System for One-Chip Harvesting of Single-Cell-Laden Hydrogels in Culture Medium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1900076. [PMID: 32648695 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis has shown great potential to fully quantify the distribution of cellular behaviors among a population of individuals. Through isolation and preservation of single cells in the aqueous phase, droplet encapsulation followed by gelation enables high-throughput analysis in biocompatible microgels. However, the lack of control over the number of cells encapsulated and complicated gelation processes significantly limit its efficiency. Here, a microfluidic system for one-chip harvesting of single-cell-laden microgels is presented. Through ultraviolet irradiation, an on-chip gelation technique is seamlessly combined with droplet generation to realize high-throughput fabrication of microscale hydrogels in microfluidic channel. Moreover, a sorting module is introduced to simultaneously complete cell-laden microgel selection and transfer into culture medium. To demonstrate the efficiency of this method, two types of single cells are respectively encapsulated and collected, showing desirable single-cell encapsulation and cell viability. This technique realizes integrated droplet gelation, microgel sorting, and transfer into culture medium, allowing high-throughput analysis of single cells and comprehensive understanding of the cellular specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Nan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Lyu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, China
| | - Kitty Yu Yeung Lau
- Medical Engineering Programme, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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28
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Cai Y, Wu F, Yu Y, Liu Y, Shao C, Gu H, Li M, Zhao Y. Porous scaffolds from droplet microfluidics for prevention of intrauterine adhesion. Acta Biomater 2019; 84:222-230. [PMID: 30476581 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Severe intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) have a great negative impact on women's psychological and reproductive health. It remains a significant challenge to prevent postoperative IUAs because of the complications of various clinical preventive measures and incompatibility of uterine cavity morphology. Herein, we present a new drug-loadedporous scaffold based on a microfluidic droplet template, which combines the characteristics of the artificial biocompatible material GelMA and the natural polysaccharide material Na-alginate. By changing the containers that collect the microfluidic droplets, the porous scaffold conforming to the shape of the uterine cavity could be obtained. The porous structure, mechanical property, and flexibility impart the scaffold with compressibility and send it to the uterus through the vagina. In addition, the external-internal connected open structures could load and control the release of drugs to repair the damaged region continuously in vivo. To verify the antiadhesion and repair of drug-loaded porous scaffolds, we tested the system in the rat model of IUAs, and it was demonstrated that the system had the ability to improve neovascularization, cellularize the damaged tissue, and repair the endometrium. These features provide the drug-loaded porous scaffolds with new options for the improvement of postoperative IUAs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Intrauterine adhesions are caused by various causes of damage to the endometrial basal layer, thus leading to part or entire adhesions in the cervical or uterine cavity. Clinically, various preventive measures reach the barrier effect through the physical barrier, which are difficult to further promote the repair of the damaged endometrium, and most of them have apparent side effects. This study aims to prepare compressible and biodegradable three-dimensional porous drug-loading biological scaffolds. GelMA and Na-alginate have desirable biocompatibility. The interconnect porous scaffolds, which were prepared through the combination of biomaterials and single emulsion microfluidics, not only have compressibility but also provide space for drug delivery and release. This system can further promote the repair of the endometrium while preventing adhesion.
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29
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Chen G, Yu Y, Wu X, Wang G, Gu G, Wang F, Ren J, Zhang H, Zhao Y. Microfluidic Electrospray Niacin Metal-Organic Frameworks Encapsulated Microcapsules for Wound Healing. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2019; 2019:6175398. [PMID: 31549071 PMCID: PMC6750103 DOI: 10.34133/2019/6175398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Niacin metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) encapsulated microcapsules with alginate shells and copper-/zinc-niacin framework cores were in situ synthesized by using a microfluidic electrospray approach for wound healing. As the alginate shells were bacteria-responsively degradable, the niacin MOFs encapsulated microcapsules could intelligently, controllably, and programmably release calcium, copper, and zinc ions, depending on the degree of infections. The released ions could not only kill microbes by destroying their membrane and inducing the outflow of nutrient substance, but also activate copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) to eliminate oxygen free radicals and rescue the cells from oxidative stress injury. Furthermore, the simultaneously released niacin could promote hemangiectasis and absorption of functional metal ions. Thus, the niacin MOFs encapsulated microcapsules were imparted with outstanding antibacterial, antioxidant, and angiogenesis properties. Based on an in vivo study, we have also demonstrated that the chronic wound healing process of an infected full-thickness skin defect model could be significantly enhanced by using the niacin MOFs encapsulated microcapsules as therapeutic agent. Therefore, the microfluidic electrospray niacin MOFs encapsulated microcapsules are potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopu Chen
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yunru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Gefei Wang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Guosheng Gu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Huidan Zhang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Kaushik AM, Hsieh K, Wang TH. Droplet microfluidics for high-sensitivity and high-throughput detection and screening of disease biomarkers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 10:e1522. [PMID: 29797414 PMCID: PMC6185786 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are nucleic acids, proteins, single cells, or small molecules in human tissues or biological fluids whose reliable detection can be used to confirm or predict disease and disease states. Sensitive detection of biomarkers is therefore critical in a variety of applications including disease diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug screening. Unfortunately for many diseases, low abundance of biomarkers in human samples and low sample volumes render standard benchtop platforms like 96-well plates ineffective for reliable detection and screening. Discretization of bulk samples into a large number of small volumes (fL-nL) via droplet microfluidic technology offers a promising solution for high-sensitivity and high-throughput detection and screening of biomarkers. Several microfluidic strategies exist for high-throughput biomarker digitization into droplets, and these strategies have been utilized by numerous droplet platforms for nucleic acid, protein, and single-cell detection and screening. While the potential of droplet-based platforms has led to burgeoning interest in droplets, seamless integration of sample preparation technologies and automation of platforms from biological sample to answer remain critical components that can render these platforms useful in the clinical setting in the near future. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuangwen Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
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Li M, van Zee M, Riche CT, Tofig B, Gallaher SD, Merchant SS, Damoiseaux R, Goda K, Di Carlo D. A Gelatin Microdroplet Platform for High-Throughput Sorting of Hyperproducing Single-Cell-Derived Microalgal Clones. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1803315. [PMID: 30369052 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are an attractive feedstock organism for sustainable production of biofuels, chemicals, and biomaterials, but the ability to rationally engineer microalgae to enhance production has been limited. To enable the evolution-based selection of new hyperproducing variants of microalgae, a method is developed that combines phase-transitioning monodisperse gelatin hydrogel droplets with commercial flow cytometric instruments for high-throughput screening and selection of clonal populations of cells with desirable properties, such as high lipid productivity per time traced over multiple cell cycles. It is found that gelatin microgels enable i) the growth and metabolite (e.g., chlorophyll and lipids) production of single microalgal cells within the compartments, ii) infusion of fluorescent reporter molecules into the hydrogel matrices following a sol-gel transition, iii) selection of high-producing clonal populations of cells using flow cytometry, and iv) cell recovery under mild conditions, enabling regrowth after sorting. This user-friendly method is easily integratable into directed cellular evolution pipelines for strain improvement and can be adopted for other applications that require high-throughput processing, e.g., cellular secretion phenotypes and intercellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2122, Australia
| | - Mark van Zee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Carson T Riche
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Bobby Tofig
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sean D Gallaher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sabeeha S Merchant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medicinal Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Zhao X, Chen Z, Liu Y, Huang Q, Zhang H, Ji W, Ren J, Li J, Zhao Y. Silk Fibroin Microparticles with Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanocarriers Encapsulation for Abdominal Wall Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1801005. [PMID: 30294864 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic vascularization appears to be an effective way of repairing abdominal wall defects. Attempts to implement this treatment tend to focus on the generation of featured drug carriers with the ability effectively to encapsulate the angiogenesis-stimulating agents and control their release to maintain an appropriate concentration at the injured area. Here, a new type of composite microparticle (CM) composed of silk fibroin (SF) and hollow mesoporous silica nanocarriers (HMSNs) is presented for therapeutic agent delivery. The CMs are generated by drying microfluidic emulsion templates of HMSN-dispersed SF solution. The resultant CMs have a distinctive micro-nanostructure, in which two barriers control the drug release. The encapsulated HMSNs increase the drug-carrying capacity of the CMs, and also form the first barrier via physical absorption. The microfluidic SF microparticles not only provide a shell with excellent monodispersity and biocompatibility but also form the second barrier via efficient encapsulation. Because of these superior properties of the CMs, the loaded drugs can be delivered with a satisfactory activity at the required rate, making them ideal for implementing therapeutic vascularization and repairing abdominal wall defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Zhuoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Huidan Zhang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Wu Ji
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jieshou Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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Zou M, Wang J, Yu Y, Sun L, Wang H, Xu H, Zhao Y. Composite Multifunctional Micromotors from Droplet Microfluidics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:34618-34624. [PMID: 30212179 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by natural biological machines, lots of effort has been invested in developing artificially functional micromotors which can convert energy into movement for carrying out tasks in diverse areas. Here, we present a capillary microfluidic system with dual inner injections for one-step generation of composite structured polymer micromotors with two distinct cores of platinum (Pt) nanoparticle-integrated and iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticle-dispersed hydrogels. Because the flow rates of the prepolymerized fluids can be precisely tuned in the microfluidics, the diameters of the micromotors as well as the sizes and numbers of the inner cores can be well tailored to optimize the parameters of the resultant micromotors. When exposed to a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) medium, the Pt-integrated cores of the micromotors could provide propulsion by expelling bubbles produced from the catalytic decomposition of H2O2, while the Fe3O4-dispersed cores could impart magnetic guidance for the micromotors. Benefiting from the close cooperation of these two types of cores, the micromotors were imparted with a strong propulsion and prominent recyclability for the delivery of both microscale and macroscale objects. These results manifest that this kind of composite micromotor has great diversity in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Yunru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Lingyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
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34
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Sun L, Wang J, Yu Y, Bian F, Zou M, Zhao Y. Graphene oxide hydrogel particles from microfluidics for oil decontamination. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 528:372-378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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35
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36
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Development of a lateral flow immunoassay of C-reactive protein detection based on red fluorescent nanoparticles. Anal Biochem 2018; 556:129-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Arter WE, Charmet J, Kong J, Saar KL, Herling TW, Müller T, Keyser UF, Knowles TPJ. Combining Affinity Selection and Specific Ion Mobility for Microchip Protein Sensing. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10302-10310. [PMID: 30070105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The sensitive detection of proteins is a key objective in many areas of biomolecular science, ranging from biophysics to diagnostics. However, sensing in complex biological fluids is hindered by nonspecific interactions with off-target species. Here, we describe and demonstrate an assay that utilizes both the chemical and physical properties of the target species to achieve high selectivity in a manner not possible by chemical complementarity alone, in complex media. We achieve this objective through a combinatorial strategy, by simultaneously exploiting free-flow electrophoresis for target selection, on the basis of electrophoretic mobility, and conventional affinity-based selection. In addition, we demonstrate amplification of the resultant signal by a catalytic DNA nanocircuit. This approach brings together the inherent solution-phase advantages of microfluidic sample handling with isothermal, enzyme-free signal amplification. With this method, no surface immobilization or washing steps are required, and our assay is well suited to monoepitopic targets, presenting advantages over conventional ELISA techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Arter
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , U.K.,Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K
| | - Jérôme Charmet
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K.,Institute of Digital Healthcare, International Digital Laboratory, WMG , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K
| | - Jinglin Kong
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Kadi L Saar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K
| | - Therese W Herling
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K
| | | | - Ulrich F Keyser
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , U.K.,Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K
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Wu Z, Wang J, Zhao Z, Yu Y, Shang L, Zhao Y. Microfluidic Generation of Bioinspired Spindle-knotted Graphene Microfibers for Oil Absorption. Chemphyschem 2017; 19:1990-1994. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Ze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Yunru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Luoran Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 210096 China
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39
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Tirapu-Azpiroz J, Temiz Y, Delamarche E. Dielectrophoretic microbead sorting using modular electrode design and capillary-driven microfluidics. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 19:95. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Bai Y, Gao M, Wen L, He C, Chen Y, Liu C, Fu X, Huang S. Applications of Microfluidics in Quantitative Biology. Biotechnol J 2017; 13:e1700170. [PMID: 28976637 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative biology is dedicated to taking advantage of quantitative reasoning and advanced engineering technologies to make biology more predictable. Microfluidics, as an emerging technique, provides new approaches to precisely control fluidic conditions on small scales and collect data in high-throughput and quantitative manners. In this review, the authors present the relevant applications of microfluidics to quantitative biology based on two major categories (channel-based microfluidics and droplet-based microfluidics), and their typical features. We also envision some other microfluidic techniques that may not be employed in quantitative biology right now, but have great potential in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Center for Synthetic Biology Engineering Research, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Gao
- Center for Synthetic Biology Engineering Research, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Wen
- Center for Synthetic Biology Engineering Research, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun He
- Center for Synthetic Biology Engineering Research, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Center for Synthetic Biology Engineering Research, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenli Liu
- Center for Synthetic Biology Engineering Research, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongfei Fu
- Center for Synthetic Biology Engineering Research, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqiang Huang
- Center for Synthetic Biology Engineering Research, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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41
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Immuno-PCR with digital readout. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:311-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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Rey E, O’Dell D, Mehta S, Erickson D. Mitigating the Hook Effect in Lateral Flow Sandwich Immunoassays Using Real-Time Reaction Kinetics. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5095-5100. [PMID: 28388030 PMCID: PMC5839149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of analyte concentrations using lateral flow assays is a low-cost and user-friendly alternative to traditional lab-based assays. However, sandwich-type immunoassays are often limited by the high-dose hook effect, which causes falsely low results when analytes are present at very high concentrations. In this paper, we present a reaction kinetics-based technique that solves this problem, significantly increasing the dynamic range of these devices. With the use of a traditional sandwich lateral flow immunoassay, a portable imaging device, and a mobile interface, we demonstrate the technique by quantifying C-reactive protein concentrations in human serum over a large portion of the physiological range. The technique could be applied to any hook effect-limited sandwich lateral flow assay and has a high level of accuracy even in the hook effect range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rey
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Dakota O’Dell
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Saurabh Mehta
- Divison of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - David Erickson
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Divison of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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