1
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Kammoun H, Ossonon BD, Tavares AC. Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Materials with High Electrical Conductivity Produced by Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite Foil. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:123. [PMID: 38202578 PMCID: PMC10780345 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped graphene-based materials are of utmost importance in sensing and energy conversion devices due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, the presence of defects such as pyrrolic nitrogen and oxygenated functional groups reduces their electrical conductivity. Herein, a two-step approach based on the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite foils in aqueous mixed electrolytes followed by thermal reduction at 900 °C is used to prepare high-quality few layers of N-doped graphene-based materials. The exfoliations were conducted in 0.1 M (NH4)2SO4 or H2SO4 and HNO3 (5 mM or 0.1 M) electrolytes mixtures and the HNO3 vol% varied. Chemical analysis demonstrated that the as-prepared graphene oxides contain nitro and amine groups. Thermal reduction is needed for substitutional N-doping. Nitrogen and oxygen surface concentrations vary between 0.23-0.96% and 3-8%, respectively. Exfoliation in (NH4)2SO4 and/or 5 mM HNO3 favors the formation of pyridinic-N (10-40% of the total N), whereas 1 M HNO3 favors the formation of graphitic-N (≈60%). The electrical conductivity ranges between 166-2705 Scm-1. Raman spectroscopy revealed a low density of defects (ID/IG ratio between 0.1 and 0.7) and that most samples are composed of mono-to-bilayer graphene-based materials (IG/I2D integrated intensities ratio). Structural and compositional stability of selected samples after storage in air for three months is demonstrated. These results confirm the high quality of the synthesized undoped and N-doped graphene-type materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana C. Tavares
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1P7, Canada; (H.K.); (B.D.O.)
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2
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Ilatovskii DA, Krasnikov DV, Goldt AE, Mousavihashemi S, Sainio J, Khabushev EM, Alekseeva AA, Luchkin SY, Vinokurov ZS, Shmakov AN, Elakshar A, Kallio T, Nasibulin AG. Robust method for uniform coating of carbon nanotubes with V 2O 5 for next-generation transparent electrodes and Li-ion batteries. RSC Adv 2023; 13:25817-25827. [PMID: 37655361 PMCID: PMC10467569 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04342h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Composites comprising vanadium-pentoxide (V2O5) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising components for emerging applications in optoelectronics, solar cells, chemical and electrochemical sensors, etc. We propose a novel, simple, and facile approach for SWCNT covering with V2O5 by spin coating under ambient conditions. With the hydrolysis-polycondensation of the precursor (vanadyl triisopropoxide) directly on the surface of SWCNTs, the nm-thick layer of oxide is amorphous with a work function of 4.8 eV. The material recrystallizes after thermal treatment at 600 °C, achieving the work function of 5.8 eV. The key advantages of the method are that the obtained coating is uniform with a tunable thickness and does not require vacuuming or heating during processing. We demonstrate the groundbreaking results for two V2O5/SWCNT applications: transparent electrode and cathode for Li-ion batteries. As a transparent electrode, the composite shows stable sheet resistance of 160 Ω sq-1 at a 90% transmittance (550 nm) - the best performance reported for SWCNTs doped by metal oxides. As a cathode material, the obtained specific capacity (330 mA h g-1) is the highest among all the other V2O5/SWCNT cathodes reported so far. This approach opens new horizons for the creation of the next generation of metal oxide composites for various applications, including optoelectronics and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil A Ilatovskii
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Krasnikov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia E Goldt
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | | | - Jani Sainio
- Aalto University Kemistintie 1 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Eldar M Khabushev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Alena A Alekseeva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Yu Luchkin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Zakhar S Vinokurov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS Lavrentieva Avenue 5 Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N Shmakov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS Lavrentieva Avenue 5 Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Aly Elakshar
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Tanja Kallio
- Aalto University Kemistintie 1 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
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3
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Lawless J, McCormack O, Pepper J, McEvoy N, Bradley AL. Spectral Tuning of a Nanoparticle-on-Mirror System by Graphene Doping and Gap Control with Nitric Acid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:38901-38909. [PMID: 37534572 PMCID: PMC10436242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-on-mirror systems are a stable, robust, and reproducible method of squeezing light into sub-nanometer volumes. Graphene is a particularly interesting material to use as a spacer in such systems as it is the thinnest possible 2D material and can be doped both chemically and electrically to modulate the plasmonic modes. We investigate a simple nanoparticle-on-mirror system, consisting of a Au nanosphere on top of an Au mirror, separated by a monolayer of graphene. With this system, we demonstrate, with both experiments and numerical simulations, how the doping of the graphene and the control of the gap size can be controlled to tune the plasmonic response of the coupled nanosphere using nitric acid. The coupling of the Au nanosphere and Au thin film reveals multipolar modes which can be tuned by adjusting the gap size or doping an intermediate graphene monolayer. At high doping levels, the interaction between the charge-transfer plasmon and gap plasmon leads to splitting of the plasmon energies. The study provides evidence for the unification of theories proposed by previous works investigating similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lawless
- School
of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Oisín McCormack
- School
of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joshua Pepper
- School
of Chemistry and AMBER, Trinity College
Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niall McEvoy
- School
of Chemistry and AMBER, Trinity College
Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A. Louise Bradley
- School
of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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4
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Functional Two-Dimensional Materials for Bioelectronic Neural Interfacing. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14010035. [PMID: 36662082 PMCID: PMC9863167 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Realizing the neurological information processing by analyzing the complex data transferring behavior of populations and individual neurons is one of the fast-growing fields of neuroscience and bioelectronic technologies. This field is anticipated to cover a wide range of advanced applications, including neural dynamic monitoring, understanding the neurological disorders, human brain-machine communications and even ambitious mind-controlled prosthetic implant systems. To fulfill the requirements of high spatial and temporal resolution recording of neural activities, electrical, optical and biosensing technologies are combined to develop multifunctional bioelectronic and neuro-signal probes. Advanced two-dimensional (2D) layered materials such as graphene, graphene oxide, transition metal dichalcogenides and MXenes with their atomic-layer thickness and multifunctional capabilities show bio-stimulation and multiple sensing properties. These characteristics are beneficial factors for development of ultrathin-film electrodes for flexible neural interfacing with minimum invasive chronic interfaces to the brain cells and cortex. The combination of incredible properties of 2D nanostructure places them in a unique position, as the main materials of choice, for multifunctional reception of neural activities. The current review highlights the recent achievements in 2D-based bioelectronic systems for monitoring of biophysiological indicators and biosignals at neural interfaces.
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5
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Ilatovskii DA, Gilshtein EP, Glukhova OE, Nasibulin AG. Transparent Conducting Films Based on Carbon Nanotubes: Rational Design toward the Theoretical Limit. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201673. [PMID: 35712777 PMCID: PMC9405519 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrically conductive thin-film materials possessing high transparency are essential components for many optoelectronic devices. The advancement in the transparent conductor applications requires a replacement of indium tin oxide (ITO), one of the key materials in electronics. ITO and other transparent conductive metal oxides have several drawbacks, including poor flexibility, high refractive index and haze, limited chemical stability, and depleted raw material supply. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a promising alternative for transparent conducting films (TCFs) because of their unique and excellent chemical and physical properties. Here, the latest achievements in the optoelectronic performance of TCFs based on SWCNTs are analyzed. Various approaches to evaluate the performance of transparent electrodes are briefly reviewed. A roadmap for further research and development of the transparent conductors using "rational design," which breaks the deadlock for obtaining the TCFs with a performance close to the theoretical limit, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil A. Ilatovskii
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyNobel Str. 3Moscow143026Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniia P. Gilshtein
- Empa‐Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 129Dübendorf8600Switzerland
| | - Olga E. Glukhova
- Saratov State UniversityAstrakhanskaya Str. 83Saratov410012Russian Federation
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityBolshaya Pirogovskaya Str. 2–4Moscow119991Russian Federation
| | - Albert G. Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyNobel Str. 3Moscow143026Russian Federation
- Aalto UniversityEspooFI‐00076Finland
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6
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High Mobility Graphene on EVA/PET. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030331. [PMID: 35159676 PMCID: PMC8840416 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Transparent conductive film on a plastic substrate is a critical component in low cost, flexible and lightweight optoelectronics. CVD graphene transferred from copper- to ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foil by hot press lamination has been reported as a robust and affordable alternative to manufacture highly flexible and conductive films. Here, we demonstrate that annealing the samples at 60 ∘C under a flow of nitrogen, after wet etching of copper foil by nitric acid, significantly enhances the Hall mobility of such graphene films. Raman, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to evaluate the morphology and chemical composition of the graphene.
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7
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Cho H, Song J, Shin JW, Moon J, Kwon BH, Lee JI, Yoo S, Cho NS. Identification of a multi-stack structure of graphene electrodes doped layer-by-layer with benzimidazole and its implication for the design of optoelectronic devices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:23131-23141. [PMID: 34614583 DOI: 10.1364/oe.430149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical properties of benzimidazole (BI)-doped layer-by-layer graphene differ significantly from those of intrinsic graphene. Our study based on transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling reveals that such a difference stems from its peculiar stratified geometry formed in situ during the doping process. This work presents an effective thickness and optical constants that can treat these multi-stacked BI-doped graphene electrodes as a single equivalent medium. For verification, the efficiency and angular emission spectra of organic light-emitting diodes with the BI-doped graphene electrode are modeled with the proposed method, and we demonstrate that the calculation matches experimental results in a much narrower margin than that based on the optical properties of undoped graphene.
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8
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Tian Y, Guo N, Wang WY, Geng W, Jing LC, Wang T, Yuan XT, Zhu Z, Ma Y, Geng HZ. Bilayer and three dimensional conductive network composed by SnCl 2 reduced rGO with CNTs and GO applied in transparent conductive films. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9891. [PMID: 33972640 PMCID: PMC8110960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have their own advantages in electrical, optical, thermal and mechanical properties. An effective combination of these materials is ideal for preparing transparent conductive films to replace the traditional indium tin oxide films. At present, the preparation conditions of rGO are usually harsh and some of them have toxic effects. In this paper, an SnCl2/ethanol solution was selected as the reductant because it requires mild reaction conditions and no harmful products are produced. The whole process of rGO preparation was convenient, fast and environmentally friendly. Then, SEM, XPS, Raman, and XRD were used to verify the high reduction efficiency. CNTs were introduced to improve the film conductive property. The transmittance and sheet resistance were the criteria used to choose the reduction time and the content ratios of GO/CNT. Thanks to the post-treatment of nitric acid, not only the by-product (SnO2) and dispersant in the film are removed, but also the doping effect occurs, which are all conducive to reducing the sheet resistances of films. Ultimately, by combining rGO, GO and CNTs, transparent conductive films with a bilayer and three-dimensional structure were prepared, and they exhibited high transmittance and low sheet resistance (58.8 Ω/sq. at 83.45 T%, 47.5 Ω/sq. at 79.07 T%), with corresponding [Formula: see text] values of 33.8 and 31.8, respectively. In addition, GO and rGO can modify the surface and reduce the film surface roughness. The transparent conductive films are expected to be used in photoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Ning Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Wen-Yi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Wenming Geng
- Carbon Star Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300382, China
| | - Li-Chao Jing
- Carbon Star Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300382, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Zeru Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yicheng Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hong-Zhang Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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9
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Driscoll N, Rosch RE, Murphy BB, Ashourvan A, Vishnubhotla R, Dickens OO, Johnson ATC, Davis KA, Litt B, Bassett DS, Takano H, Vitale F. Multimodal in vivo recording using transparent graphene microelectrodes illuminates spatiotemporal seizure dynamics at the microscale. Commun Biol 2021; 4:136. [PMID: 33514839 PMCID: PMC7846732 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders such as epilepsy arise from disrupted brain networks. Our capacity to treat these disorders is limited by our inability to map these networks at sufficient temporal and spatial scales to target interventions. Current best techniques either sample broad areas at low temporal resolution (e.g. calcium imaging) or record from discrete regions at high temporal resolution (e.g. electrophysiology). This limitation hampers our ability to understand and intervene in aberrations of network dynamics. Here we present a technique to map the onset and spatiotemporal spread of acute epileptic seizures in vivo by simultaneously recording high bandwidth microelectrocorticography and calcium fluorescence using transparent graphene microelectrode arrays. We integrate dynamic data features from both modalities using non-negative matrix factorization to identify sequential spatiotemporal patterns of seizure onset and evolution, revealing how the temporal progression of ictal electrophysiology is linked to the spatial evolution of the recruited seizure core. This integrated analysis of multimodal data reveals otherwise hidden state transitions in the spatial and temporal progression of acute seizures. The techniques demonstrated here may enable future targeted therapeutic interventions and novel spatially embedded models of local circuit dynamics during seizure onset and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Driscoll
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard E Rosch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Brendan B Murphy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arian Ashourvan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ramya Vishnubhotla
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olivia O Dickens
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A T Charlie Johnson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn A Davis
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Litt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Hajime Takano
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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Chalmpes N, Bourlinos AB, Talande S, Bakandritsos A, Moschovas D, Avgeropoulos A, Karakassides MA, Gournis D. Nanocarbon from Rocket Fuel Waste: The Case of Furfuryl Alcohol-Fuming Nitric Acid Hypergolic Pair. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 11:E1. [PMID: 33374901 PMCID: PMC7821927 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In hypergolics two substances ignite spontaneously upon contact without external aid. Although the concept mostly applies to rocket fuels and propellants, it is only recently that hypergolics has been recognized from our group as a radically new methodology towards carbon materials synthesis. Comparatively to other preparative methods, hypergolics allows the rapid and spontaneous formation of carbon at ambient conditions in an exothermic manner (e.g., the method releases both carbon and energy at room temperature and atmospheric pressure). In an effort to further build upon the idea of hypergolic synthesis, herein we exploit a classic liquid rocket bipropellant composed of furfuryl alcohol and fuming nitric acid to prepare carbon nanosheets by simply mixing the two reagents at ambient conditions. Furfuryl alcohol served as the carbon source while fuming nitric acid as a strong oxidizer. On ignition the temperature is raised high enough to induce carbonization in a sort of in-situ pyrolytic process. Simultaneously, the released energy was directly converted into useful work, such as heating a liquid to boiling or placing Crookes radiometer into motion. Apart from its value as a new synthesis approach in materials science, carbon from rocket fuel additionally provides a practical way in processing rocket fuel waste or disposed rocket fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | | | - Smita Talande
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (S.T.); (A.B.)
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (S.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Michael A. Karakassides
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
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11
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Cui L, Huan Y, Shan J, Liu B, Liu J, Xie H, Zhou F, Gao P, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Highly Conductive Nitrogen-Doped Vertically Oriented Graphene toward Versatile Electrode-Related Applications. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15327-15335. [PMID: 33180469 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The direct growth of vertically oriented graphene (VG) on low-priced, easily accessible soda-lime glass can propel its applications in transparent electrodes and energy-relevant areas. However, graphene deposited at low temperature (∼600 °C) on the catalysis-free insulating substrates usually presents high defect density, poor crystalline quality, and unsatisfactory electrical conductivity. To tackle this issue, we select high borosilicate glass as the growth substrate (softening point ∼850 °C), which can resist higher growth temperature and thus afford higher graphene crystalline quality, by using a radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (rf-PECVD) route. A nitrogen doping strategy is also combined to tailor the carrier concentration through a methane/acetonitrile-precursor-based synthetic strategy. The sheet resistance of as-grown nitrogen-doped (N-doped) VG films on high borosilicate glass can thus be lowered down to ∼2.3 kΩ·sq-1 at a transmittance of 88%, less than half of the methane-precursor-based PECVD product. Significantly, this synthetic route allows the achievement of 30-inch-scale uniform N-doped graphene glass, thus promoting its applications as excellent electrodes in high-performance switchable windows. Additionally, such N-doped VG films were also employed as efficient electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Cui
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahuan Huan
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Shan
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyao Liu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Xie
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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12
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Park H, Oh DS, Lee KJ, Jung DY, Lee S, Yoo S, Choi SY. Flexible and Transparent Thin-Film Transistors Based on Two-Dimensional Materials for Active-Matrix Display. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4749-4754. [PMID: 31896251 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted significant attention because of their outstanding electrical, mechanical, and optical characteristics. Because all of the conducting (graphene), semiconducting (molybdenum disulfide, MoS2), and insulating (hexagonal boron nitride, h-BN) components can be constructed from 2D materials, thin-film transistors based on 2D materials (2D TFTs) have been developed. However, scaling-up is necessary for these technologies to go beyond their initial implementation using the mechanical exfoliation method. Furthermore, it would be beneficial to find a method to realize high flexibility and/or transparency to their full potential. In this study, large-scale, flexible, and transparent 2D TFTs are developed and demonstrated as a backplane in active-matrix organic light-emitting diodes (AMOLEDs). With the optical chemical vapor deposition of the 2D materials, flexible (bending radius < 1 mm) and transparent (transmittance > 70%) TFTs with high electrical performances (mobility ≈ 10 cm2 V-1 s-1, on/off current ratio > 106) can be achieved. Furthermore, 2D TFTs are integrated into OLEDs by connecting the source electrode of the TFT to the anode of the OLED via a single graphene film, thus demonstrating pixel-by-pixel driving through a 2D TFT array in an active-matrix configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamin Park
- School of Electrical Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Dong Sik Oh
- School of Electrical Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Khang June Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Dae Yool Jung
- School of Electrical Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Sung-Yool Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
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13
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Lee IH, Yoo D, Avouris P, Low T, Oh SH. Graphene acoustic plasmon resonator for ultrasensitive infrared spectroscopy. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:313-319. [PMID: 30742134 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the fundamental hurdles in plasmonics is the trade-off between electromagnetic field confinement and the coupling efficiency with free-space light, a consequence of the large momentum mismatch between the excitation source and plasmonic modes. Acoustic plasmons in graphene, in particular, have an extreme level of field confinement, as well as an extreme momentum mismatch. Here, we show that this fundamental compromise can be overcome and demonstrate a graphene acoustic plasmon resonator with nearly perfect absorption (94%) of incident mid-infrared light. This high efficiency is achieved by utilizing a two-stage coupling scheme: free-space light coupled to conventional graphene plasmons, which then couple to ultraconfined acoustic plasmons. To realize this scheme, we transfer unpatterned large-area graphene onto template-stripped ultraflat metal ribbons. A monolithically integrated optical spacer and a reflector further boost the enhancement. We show that graphene acoustic plasmons allow ultrasensitive measurements of absorption bands and surface phonon modes in ångström-thick protein and SiO2 layers, respectively. Our acoustic plasmon resonator platform is scalable and can harness the ultimate level of light-matter interactions for potential applications including spectroscopy, sensing, metasurfaces and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Ho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daehan Yoo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Phaedon Avouris
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tony Low
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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14
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Nayak PK. Pulsed-grown graphene for flexible transparent conductors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:1215-1223. [PMID: 36133212 PMCID: PMC9419159 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00181b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the race to find novel transparent conductors for next-generation optoelectronic devices, graphene is supposed to be one of the leading candidates, as it has the potential to satisfy all future requirements. However, the use of graphene as a truly transparent conductor remains a great challenge because its lowest sheet resistance demonstrated so far exceeds that of the commercially available indium tin oxide. The possible cause of low conductivity lies in its intrinsic growth process, which requires further exploration. In this work, I have approached this problem by controlling graphene nucleation during the chemical vapor deposition process as well as by adopting three distinct procedures, including bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide doping, post annealing, and flattening of graphene films. Additionally, van der Waals stacked graphene layers have been prepared to reduce the sheet resistance effectively. I have demonstrated an efficient and flexible transparent conductor with the extremely low sheet resistance of 40 Ω sq-1, high transparency (T r ∼90%), and high mechanical flexibility, making it suitable for electrode materials in future optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramoda K Nayak
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
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15
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Axet MR, Durand J, Gouygou M, Serp P. Surface coordination chemistry on graphene and two-dimensional carbon materials for well-defined single atom supported catalysts. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Lu Y, Liu X, Hattori R, Ren C, Zhang X, Komiyama T, Kuzum D. Ultra-low Impedance Graphene Microelectrodes with High Optical Transparency for Simultaneous Deep 2-photon Imaging in Transgenic Mice. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2018; 28:1800002. [PMID: 34084100 PMCID: PMC8172040 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201800002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The last decades have witnessed substantial progress in optical technologies revolutionizing our ability to record and manipulate neural activity in genetically modified animal models. Meanwhile, human studies mostly rely on electrophysiological recordings of cortical potentials, which cannot be inferred from optical recordings, leading to a gap between our understanding of dynamics of microscale populations and brain-scale neural activity. By enabling concurrent integration of electrical and optical modalities, transparent graphene microelectrodes can close this gap. However, the high impedance of graphene constitutes a big challenge towards the widespread use of this technology. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that this high impedance of graphene microelectrodes is fundamentally limited by quantum capacitance. We overcome this quantum capacitance limit by creating a parallel conduction path using platinum nanoparticles. We achieve a 100 times reduction in graphene electrode impedance, while maintaining the high optical transparency crucial for deep 2-photon microscopy. Using a transgenic mouse model, we demonstrate simultaneous electrical recording of cortical activity with high fidelity while imaging calcium signals at various cortical depths right beneath the transparent microelectrodes. Multimodal analysis of Ca2+ spikes and cortical surface potentials offers unique opportunities to bridge our understanding of cellular dynamics and brain-scale neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Lu
- 9500 Gilman Drive, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- 9500 Gilman Drive, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Ryoma Hattori
- 9500 Gilman Drive, Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chi Ren
- 9500 Gilman Drive, Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- 9500 Gilman Drive, Nanoengineering Department, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Takaki Komiyama
- 9500 Gilman Drive, Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Duygu Kuzum
- 9500 Gilman Drive, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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17
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Lu Y, Liu X, Kuzum D. Graphene-based neurotechnologies for advanced neural interfaces. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Black A, Urbanos FJ, Osorio MR, Miranda R, Vázquez de Parga AL, Granados D. Encapsulating Chemically Doped Graphene via Atomic Layer Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8190-8196. [PMID: 29461040 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Controlling graphene's doping will be critically important for its incorporation into future electronic and optoelectronic devices. Noncovalent functionalization through adsorption of organic molecules on graphene's surface has proved to be a promising route for achieving p- or n-type doping. However, due to the poor adhesion of the molecules, these tend to desorb over time under standard environmental conditions or in the presence of certain solvents. The resulting reversal in the achieved chemical doping is a major obstacle to using organic molecules as noncovalent graphene dopants. In this work, we present a simple method for achieving long-term p- and n-doping of graphene devices through vapor phase evaporation of organic molecules, followed by encapsulation under an inert Al2O3 film. This film, grown via an optimized atomic layer deposition process, ensures long-term doping stability, as confirmed by electrical transport and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The doping is maintained even after storing the devices for six weeks in ambient conditions and immersing them in a dopant removing solvent, demonstrating that the film is as an effective barrier against environmental degradation of the doped devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Black
- IMDEA Nanociencia , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - F J Urbanos
- IMDEA Nanociencia , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - M R Osorio
- IMDEA Nanociencia , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - R Miranda
- IMDEA Nanociencia , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - A L Vázquez de Parga
- IMDEA Nanociencia , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - D Granados
- IMDEA Nanociencia , 28049 Madrid , Spain
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19
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Liu X, Lu Y, Iseri E, Shi Y, Kuzum D. A Compact Closed-Loop Optogenetics System Based on Artifact-Free Transparent Graphene Electrodes. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:132. [PMID: 29559885 PMCID: PMC5845553 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiology is a decades-old technique widely used for monitoring activity of individual neurons and local field potentials. Optogenetics has revolutionized neuroscience studies by offering selective and fast control of targeted neurons and neuron populations. The combination of these two techniques is crucial for causal investigation of neural circuits and understanding their functional connectivity. However, electrical artifacts generated by light stimulation interfere with neural recordings and hinder the development of compact closed-loop systems for precise control of neural activity. Here, we demonstrate that transparent graphene micro-electrodes fabricated on a clear polyethylene terephthalate film eliminate the light-induced artifact problem and allow development of a compact battery-powered closed-loop optogenetics system. We extensively investigate light-induced artifacts for graphene electrodes in comparison to metal control electrodes. We then design optical stimulation module using micro-LED chips coupled to optical fibers to deliver light to intended depth for optogenetic stimulation. For artifact-free integration of graphene micro-electrode recordings with optogenetic stimulation, we design and develop a compact closed-loop system and validate it for different frequencies of interest for neural recordings. This compact closed-loop optogenetics system can be used for various applications involving optogenetic stimulation and electrophysiological recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Neuroelectronics Group, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yichen Lu
- Neuroelectronics Group, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ege Iseri
- Neuroelectronics Group, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yuhan Shi
- Neuroelectronics Group, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Duygu Kuzum
- Neuroelectronics Group, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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20
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Zhang S, Leonhardt BE, Nguyen N, Oluwalowo A, Jolowsky C, Hao A, Liang R, Park JG. Roll-to-roll continuous carbon nanotube sheets with high electrical conductivity. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12692-12700. [PMID: 35541226 PMCID: PMC9079616 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01212a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Large scale manufacturing of electrically conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets with production capability, low cost, and long-term electrical performance stability is still a challenge. A new method to fabricate highly conductive continuous buckypaper (CBP) with roll-to-roll production capability and relatively low cost is reported. The electrical conductivity of CBP can be improved to 7.6 × 104 S m−1 by using an oxidant chemical (i.e. HNO3 and I2) doping method. To compensate for the conductivity degradation caused by the instability of the oxidant chemical doping, a polymer layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was coated on the chemically doped CBP. The fabricated highly conductive CBP showed stable electrical performance in air for more than a month. This CBP material with high electrical conductivity, relatively low cost, and roll-to-roll manufacturing capability could enable a wide range of engineering applications including flexible conductors, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, and electrodes in energy devices. Highly electrically conductive, roll-to-roll continuous buckypaper (CBP) with stable performance was achieved by chemical doping and polymer coating (PEDOT:PSS).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Zhang
- High-Performance Materials Institute
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
| | - Branden E. Leonhardt
- High-Performance Materials Institute
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
| | - Nam Nguyen
- High-Performance Materials Institute
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
| | - Abiodun Oluwalowo
- High-Performance Materials Institute
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
| | - Claire Jolowsky
- High-Performance Materials Institute
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
| | - Ayou Hao
- High-Performance Materials Institute
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
| | - Richard Liang
- High-Performance Materials Institute
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
| | - Jin Gyu Park
- High-Performance Materials Institute
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
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21
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Sugime H, D'Arsié L, Esconjauregui S, Zhong G, Wu X, Hildebrandt E, Sezen H, Amati M, Gregoratti L, Weatherup RS, Robertson J. Low temperature growth of fully covered single-layer graphene using a CoCu catalyst. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:14467-14475. [PMID: 28926077 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02553j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A bimetallic CoCu alloy thin-film catalyst is developed that enables the growth of uniform, high-quality graphene at 750 °C in 3 min by chemical vapour deposition. The growth outcome is found to vary significantly as the Cu concentration is varied, with ∼1 at% Cu added to Co yielding complete coverage single-layer graphene growth for the conditions used. The suppression of multilayer formation is attributable to Cu decoration of high reactivity sites on the Co surface which otherwise serve as preferential nucleation sites for multilayer graphene. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy shows that Co and Cu form an alloy at high temperatures, which has a drastically lower carbon solubility, as determined by using the calculated Co-Cu-C ternary phase diagram. Raman spectroscopy confirms the high quality (ID/IG < 0.05) and spatial uniformity of the single-layer graphene. The rational design of a bimetallic catalyst highlights the potential of catalyst alloying for producing two-dimensional materials with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Sugime
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan. and Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Lorenzo D'Arsié
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | | | - Guofang Zhong
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Xingyi Wu
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Eugen Hildebrandt
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Hikmet Sezen
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., AREA Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Amati
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., AREA Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Gregoratti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., AREA Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Robert S Weatherup
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - John Robertson
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
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22
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Chuang C, Yang Y, Pookpanratana S, Hacker CA, Liang CT, Elmquist RE. Chemical-doping-driven crossover from graphene to "ordinary metal" in epitaxial graphene grown on SiC. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11537-11544. [PMID: 28767112 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04155a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric chemical doping can be used to modify the electronic properties of graphene. Here we report that the chemical atmospheric doping (derived from air, oxygen and water vapor) of low-carrier-density monolayer epitaxial graphene on SiC can be readily tuned by a simple low-temperature (T ≤ 450 K), in situ vacuum gentle heating method. Interestingly, such an approach allows, for the first time, the observation of a crossover from graphene (μt/μq ≈ 2) to an "ordinary metal" (μt/μq ≈ 1) with decreasing carrier density, where μt and μq are transport mobility and quantum mobility, respectively. In the low carrier density limit, our results are consistent with the theoretical prediction that μt is inversely proportional to charged impurity density. Our data also suggest that atmospheric chemical doping can be used to vary intervalley scattering in graphene which plays a crucial role in backward scattering events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiashain Chuang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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23
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Wu TL, Yeh CH, Hsiao WT, Huang PY, Huang MJ, Chiang YH, Cheng CH, Liu RS, Chiu PW. High-Performance Organic Light-Emitting Diode with Substitutionally Boron-Doped Graphene Anode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:14998-15004. [PMID: 28385015 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The hole-injection barrier between the anode and the hole-injection layer (HIL) is of critical importance to determine the device performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, we report on a record-high external quantum efficiency (EQE) (24.6% in green phosphorescence) of OLEDs fabricated on both rigid and flexible substrates, with the performance enhanced by the use of nearly defect-free and high-mobility boron-doped graphene as an effective anode and hexaazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile as a new type of HIL. This new structure outperforms the existing graphene-based OLEDs, in which MoO3, AuCl3, or bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide are typically used as a doping source for the p-type graphene. The improvement of the OLED performance is attributed mainly to the appreciable increase of the hole conductivity in the nearly defect-free boron-doped monolayer graphene, along with the high work function achieved by the use of a newly developed hydrocarbon precursor containing boron in the graphene growth by chemical vapor deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Lin Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hui Yeh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Min-Jie Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsin Chiang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hong Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Rai-Shung Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Chiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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