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Yan Z, Zhong Z, Shi C, Feng M, Feng X, Liu T. The prognostic marker KRT81 is involved in suppressing CD8 + T cells and predicts immunotherapy response for triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2355705. [PMID: 38778753 PMCID: PMC11123506 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2355705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast Cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype lacking estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. Known for limited targeted therapies, it poses challenges and requires personalized treatment strategies. Differential analysis revealed a significant decrease in keratin 81 (KRT81) expression in non-TNBC samples and an increase in TNBC samples, lower KRT81 expression correlated with better TNBC patient outcomes. It emerged as an independent predictive factor for TNBC, with associations found between its expression and clinically relevant features. We further developed a nomogram for survival probability assessment based on Cox regression results, demonstrating its accuracy through calibration curves. Gene annotation analysis indicated that KRT81 is involved in immune-related pathways and tumor cell adhesion. KRT81 is associated with immune cell infiltration of Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) and CD8 + T cells, suggesting its potential impact on the immunological microenvironment. The study delved into KRT81's predictive value for immunotherapy responses, high expression of KRT81 was associated with greater potential for immune evasion. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis pinpointed KRT81 expression within a specific malignant subtype which was a risk factor for TNBC. Furthermore, KRT81 promoted TNBC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion was confirmed by gene knockout or overexpression assay. Co-culture experiments further indicated KRT81's potential role in inhibiting CD8 + T cells, and correlation analysis implied KRT81 was highly correlated with immune checkpoint CD276, providing insights into its involvement in the immune microenvironment via CD276. In conclusion, this comprehensive study positions KRT81 as a promising prognostic marker for predicting tumor progression and immunotherapy responses in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhideng Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihui Zhong
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gaozhou People’s Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanke Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Muyin Feng
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Feng
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gaozhou People’s Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
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2
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Barone GD, Tagliaro I, Oliver-Simancas R, Radice M, Kalossaka LM, Mattei M, Biundo A, Pisano I, Jiménez-Quero A. Keratinous and corneous-based products towards circular bioeconomy: A research review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 22:100444. [PMID: 39183760 PMCID: PMC11342888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Keratins and corneous proteins are key components of biomaterials used in a wide range of applications and are potential substitutes for petrochemical-based products. Horns, hooves, feathers, claws, and similar animal tissues are abundant sources of α-keratin and corneous β-proteins, which are by-products of the food industry. Their close association with the meat industry raises environmental and ethical concerns regarding their disposal. To promote an eco-friendly and circular use of these materials in novel applications, efforts have focused on recovering these residues to develop sustainable, non-animal-related, affordable, and scalable procedures. Here, we review and examine biotechnological methods for extracting and expressing α-keratins and corneous β-proteins in microorganisms. This review highlights consolidated research trends in biomaterials, medical devices, food supplements, and packaging, demonstrating the keratin industry's potential to create innovative value-added products. Additionally, it analyzes the state of the art of related intellectual property and market size to underscore the potential within a circular bioeconomic model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Tagliaro
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Oliver-Simancas
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Matteo Radice
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Livia M. Kalossaka
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Mattei
- Libera Università Internazionale Degli Studi Sociali “Guido Carli”, I-00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Biundo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella Pisano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
- CIRCC – Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis, Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Amparo Jiménez-Quero
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
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3
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Shirk BD, Heichel DL, Eccles LE, Rodgers LI, Lateef AH, Burke KA, Stoppel WL. Modifying Naturally Occurring, Nonmammalian-Sourced Biopolymers for Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 39259773 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Natural biopolymers have a rich history, with many uses across the fields of healthcare and medicine, including formulations for wound dressings, surgical implants, tissue culture substrates, and drug delivery vehicles. Yet, synthetic-based materials have been more successful in translation due to precise control and regulation achievable during manufacturing. However, there is a renewed interest in natural biopolymers, which offer a diverse landscape of architecture, sustainable sourcing, functional groups, and properties that synthetic counterparts cannot fully replicate as processing and sourcing of these materials has improved. Proteins and polysaccharides derived from various sources (crustaceans, plants, insects, etc.) are highlighted in this review. We discuss the common types of polysaccharide and protein biopolymers used in healthcare and medicine, highlighting methods and strategies to alter structures and intra- and interchain interactions to engineer specific functions, products, or materials. We focus on biopolymers obtained from natural, nonmammalian sources, including silk fibroins, alginates, chitosans, chitins, mucins, keratins, and resilins, while discussing strategies to improve upon their innate properties and sourcing standardization to expand their clinical uses and relevance. Emphasis will be placed on methods that preserve the structural integrity and native biological functions of the biopolymers and their makers. We will conclude by discussing the untapped potential of new technologies to manipulate native biopolymers while controlling their secondary and tertiary structures, offering a perspective on advancing biopolymer utility in novel applications within biomedical engineering, advanced manufacturing, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce D Shirk
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Danielle L Heichel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3222, United States
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
| | - Lauren E Eccles
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Liam I Rodgers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ali H Lateef
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kelly A Burke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3222, United States
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
| | - Whitney L Stoppel
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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4
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Chali SP, Kang J, Fichter M, Speth KR, Mailänder V, Landfester K. Interfacial Denaturation at the Droplet Simplifies the Formation of Drug-Loaded Protein Nanocapsules to Enhance Immune Response of Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403668. [PMID: 38973298 PMCID: PMC11425835 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Nanocapsules enable multicomponent encapsulation of therapeutic cargoes with high encapsulation content and efficiency, which is vital for cancer immunotherapy. In the past, chemical crosslinking is used to synthesize nanocapsules, which can impede the regulatory approval process. Therefore, a new class of protein nanocapsules is developed by eliminating the need for chemical crosslinking by utilizing protein denaturation through a process that is referred to as "baking at the droplet interface". Such protein nanocapsules with antigens incorporated in the shell and a combination of encapsulated drugs showed an enhancement in the immune response of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinhong Kang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Fichter
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kai Robert Speth
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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5
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Kahsay BN, Moeller L, Wohlrab J, Neubert RHH, Gebre-Mariam T. Delivery of small hydrophilic molecules across the stratum corneum: Identification of model systems and parameters to study topical delivery of free amino acids. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124372. [PMID: 38909923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Free amino acids (FAAs) constitute the largest component (∼40 %) of the so-called natural moisturizing factors of the skin. Their level declines in dry skin conditions and one strategy to overcome this problem may involve the topical delivery of FAAs through appropriate strategy. The objective of the present study was therefore to identify alternative skin models and study the corneocyte-water partition coefficients (KCOR/W) and permeation coefficient (KP) of 18 FAAs. The KCOR/W was studied using standard protocols and the permeation studies were conducted using Franz diffusion cell. The results indicate that the FAAs have high partitioning behavior to the corneocytes. The KCOR/W values of the human COR and that of pig ear skin were better correlated with each other than that of keratin isolated from chicken feathers. The presence of lipid in the stratum corneum (SC), initial concentration of the FAAs, and permeation enhancers affect the KCOR/W. The FAAs have low permeation into the SC which suggests the need for permeation enhancers in designing dosage form containing these compounds. Even though the investigated mathematical models show good prediction of the Kp values, better prediction could be obtained by considering factors such as the possible entrapment of the FAAs by the CORs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birhanu Nigusse Kahsay
- Institute of Applied Dermatopharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 23 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of Biopharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5 D-55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lucie Moeller
- Department of Systemic Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Wohlrab
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Reinhard H H Neubert
- Institute of Applied Dermatopharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 23 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Tsige Gebre-Mariam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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6
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Khan Z, Shafique M, Tanoeyadi S, Solangi BA, Khan SA, Jabeen N, Nawaz HR, Naz SA, Mahmud T. Characterization and Pilot-Scale Application of the ZMS-2 Serine Protease with Novel Properties for the Eco-friendly Leather Processing. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:5045-5063. [PMID: 37999897 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbial alkaline proteases are dominating the global enzyme market with a share of over 65% due to their multifarious catalytic potentials. Hence, production of proteases with novel properties of commercial significance is highly desirable to meet the global enzyme demand. Here, we report the purification, characterization, and pilot-scale application of a serine protease from the desert soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis ZMS-2 with novel properties as dehairing agent in leather processing. The enzyme was purified 16.5-fold with a specific activity of 1543.5 U mg-1 and recovery percentage of 33.6% using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. The purified enzyme was characterized as a metal ion-, surfactant-, and denaturant-compatible alkaline serine protease having a molecular weight of 36.1 kDa with an optimum activity at pH 8.5 and 60 °C. The catalytic activity of the enzyme was enhanced by Zn+2 (204%), Ag+ (110%), H2O2 (123%), Triton X-100 (110%), iso-octane (109%), chloroform (110%), ethanol (105%), ethyl acetate (110%), and acetonitrile (128%). During pilot-scale applications, the optimum condition was found to be a combination of enzyme (1.5%, 460 U mL-1), sodium sulfide (2%), and calcium hydroxide (lime) (3%). Under this condition, the time required for complete dehairing was 90 min. Chemoenzymatically processed skins exhibited better physical properties than chemically processed skin, including tensile strength (16.35 ± 6.68 N/mm), ball burst (452.88 ± 6.06 N/mm), percent elongation (38.85 ± 1.06 N), tear strength (50.16 ± 4.42 N/mm), and softness (6.5 mm). Electron microscopy analysis of the treated skin showed complete removal of hairs with roots, confirming the keratin specificity of the enzyme. Moreover, the enzyme-assisted dehairing process reduced chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total suspended solids (TSS) by 68, 77, 34, and 39%, respectively. Thus, the alkaline serine protease from B. subtilis ZMS-2 is a potential dehairing agent for the eco-friendly processing of animal skins on industrial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Khan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331, USA
| | - Maryam Shafique
- Department of Microbiology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, 75300, Pakistan.
| | - Samuel Tanoeyadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331, USA
| | | | - Sumera Afzal Khan
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Jabeen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Rub Nawaz
- Leather Research Centre, PCSIR, SITE, Karachi, D-102, 75700, Pakistan
| | - Sehar Afshan Naz
- Department of Microbiology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, 75300, Pakistan
| | - Taifo Mahmud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331, USA.
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7
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Sardari S, Hheidari A, Ghodousi M, Rahi A, Pishbin E. Nanotechnology in tissue engineering: expanding possibilities with nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:392002. [PMID: 38941981 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5cfb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that merges engineering, material science, and medical biology in order to develop biological alternatives for repairing, replacing, maintaining, or boosting the functionality of tissues and organs. The ultimate goal of tissue engineering is to create biological alternatives for repairing, replacing, maintaining, or enhancing the functionality of tissues and organs. However, the current landscape of tissue engineering techniques presents several challenges, including a lack of suitable biomaterials, inadequate cell proliferation, limited methodologies for replicating desired physiological structures, and the unstable and insufficient production of growth factors, which are essential for facilitating cell communication and the appropriate cellular responses. Despite these challenges, there has been significant progress made in tissue engineering techniques in recent years. Nanoparticles hold a major role within the realm of nanotechnology due to their unique qualities that change with size. These particles, which provide potential solutions to the issues that are met in tissue engineering, have helped propel nanotechnology to its current state of prominence. Despite substantial breakthroughs in the utilization of nanoparticles over the past two decades, the full range of their potential in addressing the difficulties within tissue engineering remains largely untapped. This is due to the fact that these advancements have occurred in relatively isolated pockets. In the realm of tissue engineering, the purpose of this research is to conduct an in-depth investigation of the several ways in which various types of nanoparticles might be put to use. In addition to this, it sheds light on the challenges that need to be conquered in order to unlock the maximum potential of nanotechnology in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Sardari
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 13114-16846, Iran
| | - Ali Hheidari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghodousi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Amid Rahi
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Esmail Pishbin
- Bio-microfluidics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Matsuzaki K, Tatsumi D, Sugiyama T, Hiraoka M, Igura N, Tsubaki S. Accelerating Sulfated Polysaccharides Extraction from Fast-Growing Ulva Green Seaweed by Frequency-Controlled Microwaves. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:29896-29903. [PMID: 39005833 PMCID: PMC11238216 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Ulva sp. is a type of green algae and is widely distributed in coastal areas around the world due to eutrophication. Effective utilization of Ulva sp. is expected for the establishment of carbon-neutral biochemical production. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal extraction is one of the most efficient ways of extracting highly functional polysaccharides called ulvan. Here, we demonstrate the importance of microwave frequency in enhancing ulvan extraction from Ulva meridionalis. We found that microwaves (2.45 GHz) selectively heat water solvent, while radio frequency (200 MHz) selectively heats ionic ulvan. Moreover, 2.45 GHz was more effective for extracting ulvan than 200 MHz. Then, we analyzed the conformational change in ulvan during microwave irradiation using in situ small-angle X-ray scattering. Microwaves initiated the loosening of ulvan bundles at temperatures lower than those of conventional heating. As a result, microwaves at 2.45 GHz selectively heat water and initiate ulvan structural change to enhance the extraction of ulvan from U. meridionalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Matsuzaki
- Graduate
School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tatsumi
- Faculty
of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takeharu Sugiyama
- Research
Center for Synchrotron Light Applications, Kyushu University, 6-1
Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Masanori Hiraoka
- Usa
Marine Biological Institute, Kochi University, 194 Inoshiri, Usa, Tosa, Kochi 781-1164, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Igura
- Faculty
of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Tsubaki
- Faculty
of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Rigueto CVT, Rosseto M, Alessandretti I, Krein DDC, Emer CD, Loss RA, Dettmer A, Pizzutti IR. Extraction and improvement of protein functionality using steam explosion pretreatment: advances, challenges, and perspectives. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:1215-1237. [PMID: 38910923 PMCID: PMC11190127 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Protein has become an increasingly valuable food component with high global demand. Consequently, unconventional sources, such as industrial and agroindustrial wastes and by-products, emerge as interesting alternatives to meet this demand, considering the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the transition to a circular economy. In this context, this work presents a review of the use of Steam Explosion (SE), a green technique that can be employed as a pretreatment for various waste materials, including bones, hide/leather, feathers, and wool, aimming the extraction of protein compounds, such as low molecular weight biopeptides, gelatin, and keratin, as well as to enhance the protein functionality of grains and meals. The SE technique and the main factors affecting the process's efficiency were detailed. Promising experimental studies are discussed, along with the mechanisms responsible for protein extraction and functionality improvement, as well as the main reported and suggested applications. In general, steam explosion favored yields in subsequent extraction processes, ranging from 27 to 95%, in addition to enhancing solubility and functional protein properties. Nonetheless, it is crucial to maintain the continuity of research on this topic to drive advancements in ensuring the safety of the extracted compounds for use in consumable products and oral ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Vinicius Toniciolli Rigueto
- Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Center of Rural Science, Postgraduate, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul Brazil
| | - Marieli Rosseto
- Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Center of Rural Science, Postgraduate, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul Brazil
| | - Ingridy Alessandretti
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAMV), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande Do Sul Brazil
| | - Daniela Dal Castel Krein
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAMV), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande Do Sul Brazil
| | - Cassandro Davi Emer
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAMV), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande Do Sul Brazil
| | - Raquel Aparecida Loss
- Postgraduate Program in Environment and Agricultural Production Systems, Mato Grosso State University (UNEMAT), Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Aline Dettmer
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAMV), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande Do Sul Brazil
| | - Ionara Regina Pizzutti
- Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Center of Rural Science, Postgraduate, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul Brazil
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10
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Buratti E, Sguizzato M, Sotgiu G, Zamboni R, Bertoldo M. Keratin-PNIPAM Hybrid Microgels: Preparation, Morphology and Swelling Properties. Gels 2024; 10:411. [PMID: 38920957 PMCID: PMC11202486 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Combinations of synthetic polymers, such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), with natural biomolecules, such as keratin, show potential in the field of biomedicine, since these hybrids merge the thermoresponsive properties of PNIPAM with the bioactive characteristics of keratin. This synergy aims to produce hybrids that can respond to environmental stimuli while maintaining biocompatibility and functionality, making them suitable for various medical and biotechnological uses. In this study, we exploit keratin derived from wool waste in the textile industry, extracted via sulfitolysis, to synthesize hybrids with PNIPAM microgel. Utilizing two distinct methods-polymerization of NIPAM with keratin (HYB-P) and mixing preformed PNIPAM microgels with keratin (HYB-M)-resulted in hybrids with 20% and 25% keratin content, respectively. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analyses indicated the formation of colloidal systems with particle sizes of around 110 nm for HYB-P and 518 nm for HYB-M. The presence of keratin in both systems, 20% and 25%, respectively, was confirmed by spectroscopic (FTIR and NMR) and elemental analyses. Distinct structural differences were observed between HYB-P and HYB-M, suggesting a graft copolymer configuration for the former hybrid and a complexation for the latter one. Furthermore, these hybrids demonstrated temperature responsiveness akin to PNIPAM microgels and pH responsiveness, underscoring their potential for diverse biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Buratti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Maddalena Sguizzato
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Giovanna Sotgiu
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (G.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Roberto Zamboni
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (G.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (M.B.)
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11
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Zhang M, Han F, Duan X, Zheng D, Cui Q, Liao W. Advances of biological macromolecules hemostatic materials: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131772. [PMID: 38670176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Achieving hemostasis is a necessary intervention to rapidly and effectively control bleeding. Conventional hemostatic materials currently used in clinical practice may aggravate the damage at the bleeding site due to factors such as poor adhesion and poor adaptation. Compared to most traditional hemostatic materials, polymer-based hemostatic materials have better biocompatibility and offer several advantages. They provide a more effective method of stopping bleeding and avoiding additional damage to the body in case of excessive blood loss. Various hemostatic materials with greater functionality have been developed in recent years for different organs using diverse design strategies. This article reviews the latest advances in the development of polymeric hemostatic materials. We introduce the coagulation cascade reaction after bleeding and then discuss the hemostatic mechanisms and advantages and disadvantages of various polymer materials, including natural, synthetic, and composite polymer hemostatic materials. We further focus on the design strategies, properties, and characterization of hemostatic materials, along with their applications in different organs. Finally, challenges and prospects for the application of hemostatic polymeric materials are summarized and discussed. We believe that this review can provide a reference for related research on hemostatic materials, contributing to the further development of polymer hemostatic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Zhang
- Clinical Medical College/Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feng Han
- Clinical Medical College/Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xunxin Duan
- Clinical Medical College/Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongxi Zheng
- School of Mechanical and Intelligent Manufacturing, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiuyan Cui
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weifang Liao
- Clinical Medical College/Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.
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12
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Ke K, Sun Y, He T, Liu W, Wen Y, Liu S, Wang Q, Gao X. Effects of Feather Hydrolysates Generated by Probiotic Bacillus licheniformis WHU on Gut Microbiota of Broiler and Common carp. J Microbiol 2024; 62:473-487. [PMID: 38421547 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Due to the ever-increasing demand for meat, it has become necessary to identify cheap and sustainable sources of protein for animal feed. Feathers are the major byproduct of poultry industry, which are rich in hard-to-degrade keratin protein. Previously we found that intact feathers can be digested into free amino acids, short peptides, and nano-/micro-keratin particles by the strain Bacillus licheniformis WHU in water, and the resulting feather hydrolysates exhibit prebiotic effects on mice. To explore the potential utilization of feather hydrolysate in the feed industry, we investigated its effects on the gut microbiota of broilers and fish. Our results suggest that feather hydrolysates significantly decrease and increase the diversity of gut microbial communities in broilers and fish, respectively. The composition of the gut microbiota was markedly altered in both of the animals. The abundance of bacteria with potentially pathogenic phenotypes in the gut microbial community of the fish significantly decreased. Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Neisseria spp., Achromobacter spp. were significantly inhibited by the feather hydrolysates. In addition, feather hydrolysates significantly improved proteolytic activity in the guts of broilers and fish. In fish, the expression levels of ZO-1 and TGF-α significantly improved after administration of feather hydrolysates. The results presented here suggest that feather hydrolysates generated by B. licheniformis WHU could be an alternative protein source in aquaculture and could exert beneficial effects on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamin Ke
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting He
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijiao Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
- Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Dazhou, 635000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaowei Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Elaine Mankge M, Penistacia Maela M, Mark Abrahams A, Hope Serepa-Dlamini M. Screening of Bacillus spp. bacterial endophytes for protease production, and application in feather degradation and bio-detergent additive. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30736. [PMID: 38765083 PMCID: PMC11098850 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on proteases and secondary metabolites from endophytes is an area that requires attention from researchers. In this study, proteases from Bacillus sp. strain MHSD16 and Bacillus sp. strain MHSD17 endophytes were characterised, and their potential biotechnological applications were investigated. Optimum protease production was achieved when isolates were grown in media containing (g/L): glucose 10g, casein 5g, yeast extract 5g, KH2PO4 2g, Na2CO3 10g at pH 9. The crude protease extracts were active in alkaline environments, thus referred to as alkaline proteases with optimal pH of 10. Additionally, Bacillus sp. strain MHSD 16 and Bacillus sp. strain MHSD17 proteases were active at high temperatures, with optimum enzyme activity at 50 °C. Thermostability profiles of these proteases showed that the enzymes were highly stable between (40-60 °C), maintaining over 85 % stability after 120 min incubation at 60 °C. Furthermore, the enzymes were stable and compatible with various household and laundry detergents. In the presence of commercial laundry detergent, OMO® 68 % and 72 % activity was retained for Bacillus sp. strain MHSD16 and Bacillus sp. strain MHSD17, respectively, while 67 % and 68 % activity were retained in the presence of Sunlight®. The potential application for use in detergents was investigated through the removal of blood stains with the crude alkaline extracts displaying efficient stain removal abilities. Feather degradation was also investigated and Bacillus sp. MHSD17 exhibited feather keratin degrading properties more effectively than Bacillus sp. MHSD16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malese Elaine Mankge
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Mehabo Penistacia Maela
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Adrian Mark Abrahams
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Mahloro Hope Serepa-Dlamini
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
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14
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Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari S, Karbasi S. Keratin-containing scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:916-965. [PMID: 38349200 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2311450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, the utilization of bioactive materials has become a routine tool. The goal of tissue engineering is to create new organs and tissues by combining cell biology, materials science, reactor engineering, and clinical research. As part of the growth pattern for primary cells in an organ, backing material is frequently used as a supporting material. A porous three-dimensional (3D) scaffold can provide cells with optimal conditions for proliferating, migrating, differentiating, and functioning as a framework. Optimizing the scaffolds' structure and altering their surface may improve cell adhesion and proliferation. A keratin-based biomaterials platform has been developed as a result of discoveries made over the past century in the extraction, purification, and characterization of keratin proteins from hair and wool fibers. Biocompatibility, biodegradability, intrinsic biological activity, and cellular binding motifs make keratin an attractive biomaterial for tissue engineering scaffolds. Scaffolds for tissue engineering have been developed from extracted keratin proteins because of their capacity to self-assemble and polymerize into intricate 3D structures. In this review article, applications of keratin-based scaffolds in different tissues including bone, skin, nerve, and vascular are explained based on common methods of fabrication such as electrospinning, freeze-drying process, and sponge replication method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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15
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Jagadeesan Y, Meenakshisundaram S, Pichaimuthu S, Balaiah A. A scientific version of understanding "Why did the chickens cross the road"? - A guided journey through Bacillus spp. towards sustainable agriculture, circular economy and biofortification. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117907. [PMID: 38109965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The world, a famished planet with an overgrowing population, requires enormous food crops. This scenario compelled the farmers to use a high quantity of synthetic fertilizers for high food crop productivity. However, prolonged usage of chemical fertilizers results in severe adverse effects on soil and water quality. On the other hand, the growing population significantly consumes large quantities of poultry meats. Eventually, this produces a mammoth amount of poultry waste, chicken feathers. Owing to the protein value of the chicken feathers, these wastes are converted into protein hydrolysate and further extend their application as biostimulants for sustained agriculture. The protein profile of chicken feather protein hydrolysate (CFPH) produced through Bacillus spp. was the maximum compared to physical and chemical protein extraction methods. Several studies proved that the application of CFPH and active Bacillus spp. culture to soil and plants results in enhanced plant growth, phytochemical constituents, crop yield, soil nutrients, fertility, microbiome and resistance against diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. Overall, "CFPH - Jack of all trades" and "Bacillus spp. - an active camouflage to the surroundings where they applied showed profound and significant benefits to the plant growth under the most adverse conditions. In addition, Bacillus spp. coheres the biofortification process in plants through the breakdown of metals into metal ions that eventually increase the nutrient value of the food crops. However, detailed information on them is missing. This can be overcome by further real-world studies on rhizoengineering through a multi-omics approach and their interaction with plants. This review has explored the best possible and efficient strategy for managing chicken feather wastes into protein-rich CFPH through Bacillus spp. bioconversion and utilizing the CFPH and Bacillus spp. as biostimulants, biofertilizers, biopesticides and biofortificants. This paper is an excellent report on organic waste management, circular economy and sustainable agriculture research frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogeswaran Jagadeesan
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, Anna University - BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India.
| | - Shanmugapriya Meenakshisundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, Anna University - BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India.
| | - Suthakaran Pichaimuthu
- Genprotic Biopharma Private Limited, SPIC Bioprocess Laboratory, Anna University, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600113, India.
| | - Anandaraj Balaiah
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, Anna University - BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India.
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16
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Dai J, Shao J, Zhang Y, Hang R, Yao X, Bai L, Hang R. Piezoelectric dressings for advanced wound healing. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:1973-1990. [PMID: 38305583 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02492j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The treatment of chronic refractory wounds poses significant challenges and threats to both human society and the economy. Existing research studies demonstrate that electrical stimulation fosters cell proliferation and migration and promotes the production of cytokines that expedites the wound healing process. Presently, clinical settings utilize electrical stimulation devices for wound treatment, but these devices often present issues such as limited portability and the necessity for frequent recharging. A cutting-edge wound dressing employing the piezoelectric effect could transform mechanical energy into electrical energy, thereby providing continuous electrical stimulation and accelerating wound healing, effectively addressing these concerns. This review primarily reviews the selection of piezoelectric materials and their application in wound dressing design, offering a succinct overview of these materials and their underlying mechanisms. This study also provides a perspective on the current limitations of piezoelectric wound dressings and the future development of multifunctional dressings harnessing the piezoelectric effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Dai
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Jin Shao
- Taikang Bybo Dental, Zhuhai, 519100, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Ruiyue Hang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Long Bai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Ruiqiang Hang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
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17
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Yildiz SN, Sezgin Arslan T, Arslan YE. Organic-inorganic biohybrid films from wool-keratin/jellyfish-collagen/silica/boron via sol-gel reactions for soft tissue engineering applications. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025032. [PMID: 38306684 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis is pivotal in creating effective tissue-engineered constructs that deliver nutrients and oxygen to surrounding cells. Hence, biomaterials that promote angiogenesis can enhance the efficacy of various medical treatments, encompassing tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery systems. Considering these, we propose a rapid method for producing composite silicon-boron-wool keratin/jellyfish collagen (Si-B-WK/JFC) inorganic-organic biohybrid films using sol-gel reactions. In this approach, reactive tetraethyl orthosilicate and boric acid (pKa ⩾ 9.24) were used as silicon and boron sources, respectively, and a solid-state gel was formed through the condensation reaction of these reactive groups with the keratin/collagen mixture. Once the resulting gel was thoroughly suspended in water, the films were prepared by a casting/solvent evaporation methodology. The fabricated hybrid films were characterized structurally and mechanically. In addition, angiogenic characteristics were determined by the in ovo chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, which revealed an increased vascular network within the Si-B-WK/JFC biohybrid films. In conclusion, it is believed that Si-B-WK/JFC biohybrid films with mechanical and pro-angiogenic properties have the potential to be possessed in soft tissue engineering applications, especially wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiye Nur Yildiz
- Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
| | - Tugba Sezgin Arslan
- Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Emre Arslan
- Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
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18
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Hu H, Wang L, Dou J, Shang Y, Liu X, Shen J, Yuan J. Nitric Oxide-Releasing Porous Coating with Antibacterial Activity and Blood Compatibility. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1286-1294. [PMID: 38171006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing coating is promising to enhance the biocompatibility of medical devices. In this study, polyurethane (PU) and S-nitrosated keratin (KSNO) were dissolved with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) to prepare a coating solution. This solution is facile to form a porous coating on various substrates based on solvent-evaporation-induced phase separation (SEIPS). The coating could continuously release NO up to 200 h in the presence of ascorbic acid (Asc). In addition, the coating could accelerate endothelialization by promoting the viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) while inhibiting the proliferation of human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs). Furthermore, the coating had good antibacterial activity and blood compatibility. Taken together, this universal coating provides wider potential applications in the field of cardiovascular implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Hu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jie Dou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yushuang Shang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xu Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jian Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Yuan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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19
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Sun M, De Cuyper A, Bosch G, Dierenfeld ES, Hendriks WH, Janssens GPJ. Protein quality of a small mammal prey and its body organs for felids. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae180. [PMID: 38980729 PMCID: PMC11247530 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the protein quality of small mammalian prey and its body organs by analyzing amino acid (AA) composition and digestibility of wild adult rats and their body organs (skin/fur, bone, muscle, intestine, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, heart, and lung) utilizing an in vitro digestion method. The average dry matter (DM) digestibility of whole rats was 89.9%. The digestibility of total AA (TAA), total indispensable AA (TIAA), and total dispensable AA (TDAA) in whole rats was 85.6, 87.0, and 87.6%, respectively. Differences in DM digestibility were observed among rat organs, ranging from 59.0% in bone to 99.8% in muscle (P < 0.001). Highly digestible organs generally exhibited AA digestibility exceeding 90%, except for cysteine (Cys) in the intestine and kidney (83.8% and 88.9%, respectively). The digestibility of AAs in skin/fur ranged from 19.7% for Cys to 81.0% for glycine (Gly). In bone, the digestibility spanned from 56.9% for Gly to 81.1% for tyrosine (Tyr). Additionally, examining the digestible indispensable AA score (DIAAS) gives us an idea of the protein quality of small mammalian prey and their body organs. Our results complement information on AA supply and digestion during prey ingestion by felids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Sun
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Annelies De Cuyper
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Guido Bosch
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen S Dierenfeld
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Ellen S. Dierenfeld LLC, Saint Louis, MO 63128, USA
| | - Wouter H Hendriks
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Geert P J Janssens
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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20
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Alghamdi AS, Hine PJ, Ries ME. Time-Temperature Superposition of the Dissolution of Wool Yarns in the Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:244. [PMID: 38204097 PMCID: PMC10779772 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The dissolution of wool yarns in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate [C2mim][OAc] has been investigated. Wool yarns were submerged into [C2mim][OAc] and dissolved for various times and temperatures before coagulating with water. Optical microscopy was used to track the yarn's cross-sectional area. We propose that there are two competing dissolution processes, one rate-limited by disulfide bonds at low temperatures (LTs), and a second by hydrogen bonds at high temperatures (HTs), with a crossover point between the two regimes at 70 ℃. The corresponding activation energies were ELT = 127 ± 9 kJ/mol and EHT = 34 ± 1 kJ/mol. The remaining area of the dissolved wool yarn could be shifted via time-temperature superposition to plot a single master curve of area against time for both regions. Finally, the dissolution could be modelled by a diffusion process, giving self-diffusion coefficients for the [C2mim][OAc] ions (0.64-15.31 × 10-13 m2/s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Safar Alghamdi
- Soft Matter Physics Research Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.S.A.); (P.J.H.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter John Hine
- Soft Matter Physics Research Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.S.A.); (P.J.H.)
| | - Michael Edward Ries
- Soft Matter Physics Research Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.S.A.); (P.J.H.)
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21
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Mirhaj M, Varshosaz J, Labbaf S, Emadi R, Seifalian AM, Sharifianjazi F, Tavakoli M. Mupirocin loaded core-shell pluronic-pectin-keratin nanofibers improve human keratinocytes behavior, angiogenic activity and wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126700. [PMID: 37673152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, a core-shell nanofibrous wound dressing based on Pluronic-F127 (F127) containing 2 wt% mupirocin (Mup) core and pectin (Pec)-keratin (Kr) shell was fabricated through coaxial electrospinning technique, and the blended nanofibers were also fabricated from the same materials. The fiber diameter and specific surface area of the blended nanofibers were about 101.56 nm and 20.16 m2/g, while for core-shell nanofibers they were about 97.32 nm and 25.26 m2/g, respectively. The resultant blended and core-shell nanofibers experienced a degradation of 27.65 % and 32.28 % during 7 days, respectively. The drug release profile of core-shell nanofibers revealed a sustained release of Mup over 7 days (87.66 %), while the blended F127-Pec-Kr-Mup nanofibers had a burst release within the first few hours (89.38 % up to 48 h) and a cumulative release of 91.36 % after 7 days. Due to the controlled release of Mup, the core-shell structure significantly improved the human keratinocytes behavior, angiogenic potential and wound healing in a rat model compared to the blended structure. In conclusion, the F127-Mup/Pec-Kr core-shell nanofibrous wound dressing appears to be a promising candidate for the prevention of infection, and can potentially accelerate the recovery and healing of chronic and ischemic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Mirhaj
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Sheyda Labbaf
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Rahmatollah Emadi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Alexander Marcus Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd, Nanoloom Ltd, Liberum Health Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fariborz Sharifianjazi
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Tbilisi 0171, Georgia.
| | - Mohamadreza Tavakoli
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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22
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Soon WL, Peydayesh M, de Wild T, Donat F, Saran R, Müller CR, Gubler L, Mezzenga R, Miserez A. Renewable Energy from Livestock Waste Valorization: Amyloid-Based Feather Keratin Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47049-47057. [PMID: 37751482 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Increasing carbon emissions have accelerated climate change, resulting in devastating effects that are now tangible on an everyday basis. This is mirrored by a projected increase in global energy demand of approximately 50% within a single generation, urging a shift from fossil-fuel-derived materials toward greener materials and more sustainable manufacturing processes. Biobased industrial byproducts, such as side streams from the food industry, are attractive alternatives with strong potential for valorization due to their large volume, low cost, renewability, biodegradability, and intrinsic material properties. Here, we demonstrate the reutilization of industrial chicken feather waste into proton-conductive membranes for fuel cells, protonic transistors, and water-splitting devices. Keratin was isolated from chicken feathers via a fast and economical process, converted into amyloid fibrils through heat treatment, and further processed into membranes with an imparted proton conductivity of 6.3 mS cm-1 using a simple oxidative method. The functionality of the membranes is demonstrated by assembling them into a hydrogen fuel cell capable of generating 25 mW cm-2 of power density to operate various types of devices using hydrogen and air as fuel. Additionally, these membranes were used to generate hydrogen through water splitting and in protonic field-effect transistors as thin-film modulators of protonic conductivity via the electrostatic gating effect. We believe that by converting industrial waste into renewable energy materials at low cost and high scalability, our green manufacturing process can contribute to a fully circular economy with a neutral carbon footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Long Soon
- Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Peydayesh
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tym de Wild
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Felix Donat
- Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rinku Saran
- Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christoph R Müller
- Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Gubler
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Miserez
- Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore, Singapore
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23
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Ashna M, Senthilkumar N, Sanpui P. Human Hair Keratin-Based Hydrogels in Regenerative Medicine: Current Status and Future Directions. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5527-5547. [PMID: 37734053 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine (RM) is a multidisciplinary field that utilizes the inherent regenerative potential of human cells to generate functionally and physiologically acceptable human cells, tissues, and organs in vivo or ex vivo. An appropriate biomaterial scaffold with desired physicochemical properties constitutes an important component of a successful RM approach. Among various forms of biomaterials explored until the present day, hydrogels have emerged as a versatile candidate for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) applications such as scaffolds for spatial patterning and delivering therapeutic agents, or substrates to enhance cell growth, differentiation, and migration. Although hydrogels can be prepared from a variety of synthetic polymers as well as biopolymers, the latter are preferred for their inherent biocompatibility. Specifically, keratins are fibrous proteins that have been recently explored for constructing hydrogels useful for RM purposes. The present review discusses the suitability of keratin-based biomaterials in RM, with a particular focus on human hair keratin hydrogels and their use in various RM applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mymuna Ashna
- Department of Biotechnology, BITS Pilani Dubai Campus, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Neeharika Senthilkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, BITS Pilani Dubai Campus, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pallab Sanpui
- Department of Biotechnology, BITS Pilani Dubai Campus, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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24
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Huang X, Yin G, Zhou B, Cai Y, Hu J, Huang J, Chen Z, Liu Q, Feng X. KRT10 plays an important role in the release of viral genome from endosomes during H9N2 subtype AIV replication in HeLa cells. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109824. [PMID: 37406407 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The infection and replication of avian influenza virus (AIV) in host cells is a complex biological process that involves the transport of viral genes through the host cell's transport systems. Actin, microtubules and vimentin are known to facilitate transport of endosomes to the perinuclear region, but the biological role of Keratin, another intermediate filament, in viral transport during AIV replication is not well understood. In this study, the viral NS2 protein was used as the target protein to identify the potential interacting proteins following GST-Pulldown method and protein mass spectrometry. It was discovered that Keratin10 interacted with NS2. Subsequently, it was found AIV infection did not affect the gene level or protein level of keratin10 in HeLa cells, but when Keratin10 was knocked down, the expressions of viral NP mRNA and protein were reduced, and the generation of offspring virus also was also decreased. Furthermore, in early viral infection, Keratin10 could aggregate and co-localize with NP proteins, suggesting that Keratin10 might be connected to early viral transport. Additionally, it was demonstrated that Keratin10 co-localized with Lamp1 and that AIV particles were trapped in late endosomes/Lysosomes after Keratin10 was knocked down. Finally, it was discovered that the knocking down Keratin10 in HeLa cells led to an increase in the acidic pH of endosomes and lysosomes, which prevented AIV from undergoing fusion and uncoating, and then inhibited the process of the viral infection. Overall, the results suggested that Keratin10 might play the critical role in the release of vRNPs from LEs/Ls and can affect the generation of offspring virus. The study provides the novel insights into the role of Keratin10 in the process of AIV infection and transmission, which may have implications for developing new strategies to against AIV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China's Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guihu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China's Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China's Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiqin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China's Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China's Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jingwen Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zili Chen
- Agricultural Comprehensive Law Enforcement Brigade of Rudong, Rudong Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Rudong 226400, China
| | - Qingtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiuli Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China's Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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25
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Ferro V, Leiva H, Cadena E, Valverde JL. Multiscale Conceptual Design of a Scalable and Sustainable Process to Dissolve and Regenerate Keratin from Chicken Feathers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023; 62:13324-13339. [PMID: 38356643 PMCID: PMC10863073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
A multiscale strategy was used to conceptually design and economically analyze a scalable and sustainable process for dissolving and regenerating keratin from chicken feathers by using a sodium acetate-urea deep eutectic solvent as the reacting media. In this study, the recovery and recycling of the solvent were also considered. Moreover, molecular modeling of the solvent, keratin and its derivatives, property estimation of the corresponding mixtures, and simulation of the different process alternatives proposed, including the equipment sizing, estimation of energy needs, and economic analysis were presented. A quasi-planar cluster governed by H-bond interactions resulted in the most stable configuration of the deep eutectic solvent. Molecular models having molecular weights higher than 1.400 g/mol were created to represent the keratin species, where the most abundant amino acids in the feathers were included and conveniently ordered in the chain. Property estimations performed with the conductor-like screening model-real solvent succeeded in describing the main features of the interactions between the keratin derivatives and the solvents used. The process analysis performed on several alternatives showed that the process is technically and economically viable at the industrial scale, the costs being strongly dependent on the excess of both the solvent used to dissolve keratin and the water added for its regeneration. Several options to improve the process and reduce the costs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor
R. Ferro
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Leiva
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Erasmo Cadena
- Department
of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent
University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - José Luis Valverde
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de
Castilla la Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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26
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Li Y, Shi R, Yuan R, Jiang Y. Comprehensive transcriptional analysis of pig facial skin development. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15955. [PMID: 37663277 PMCID: PMC10470455 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skin development is a complex process that is influenced by many factors. Pig skin is used as an ideal material for xenografts because it is more anatomically and physiologically similar to human skin. It has been shown that the skin development of different pig breeds is different, and some Chinese pig breeds have the characteristics of skin thickness and facial skin folds, but the specific regulatory mechanism of this skin development is not yet clear. Methods In this study, the facial skin of Chenghua sows in the four developmental stages of postnatal Day 3 (D3) , Day 90 (D90) , Day 180 (D180), and Year 3 (Y3) were used as experimental materials, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was used to explore the changes in RNA expression in skin development at the four developmental stages, determine the differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), and perform functional analysis of related genes by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Results A pairwise comparison of the four developmental stages identified several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and found that the number of differentially expressed RNAs (DE RNAs) increased with increasing developmental time intervals. Elastin (ELN) is an important component of the skin. Its content affects the relaxation of the epidermis and dermal connection, and its expression is continuously downregulated during the four developmental stages. The functions of DEGs at different developmental stages were examined by performing GO and KEGG analyses, and the GO terms and enrichment pathways of mRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs highly overlapped, among which the PPAR signaling pathway, a classical pathway for skin development, was enriched by DEGs of D3 vs. D180, D90 vs. D180 and D180 vs. Y3. In addition, we constructed lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and circRNA-miRNA interaction networks and found genes that may be associated with skin development, but their interactions need further study. Conclusions We identified a number of genes associated with skin development, performed functional analyses on some important DEGs and constructed interaction networks that facilitate further studies of skin development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Li
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Yuan
- Chengdu Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Protection Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
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27
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Nowogrodski C, Damatov Y, Sapru S, Shoseyov O. In Situ Synthesis of Keratin and Melanin Chromophoric Submicron Particles. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26762-26774. [PMID: 37546605 PMCID: PMC10398706 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
In humans, melanin plays an esthetic role, dictating hair and skin color and traits, while keratin is the protein that comprises most of the epidermis layer. Eumelanin and pheomelanin are types of melanin synthesized from the same building blocks via enzymatic oxidation. Pheomelanin has an additional building block, cysteine amino acid, which affects its final structure. Keratin contains high cysteine content, and by exploiting free thiols in hydrolyzed keratin, we demonstrate the formation of keratin-melanin (KerMel) chromophoric submicron particles. Cryo-TEM analyses found KerMel particle sizes to be 100-300 nm and arranged in the form of a central keratin particle with polymerized l-dopa chains. Attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR, UV-vis, and fluorescence measurements identified new chemical bonds, indicating the formation of KerMel particles. Finally, KerMel replicated natural skin tones and proved cytocompatibility for human epidermal keratinocytes at concentrations below 0.1 mg/mL. Taken together, KerMel is a novel, tunable material that has the potential to integrate into the cosmetic industry.
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28
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Ilić-Stojanović S, Nikolić L, Cakić S. A Review of Patents and Innovative Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels. Gels 2023; 9:556. [PMID: 37504436 PMCID: PMC10378757 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers represent a great resource for the development and utilization of new functional materials due to their particular advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. "Intelligent gels" sensitive to different stimuli (temperature, pH, ionic strength) have different applications in many industries (e.g., pharmacy, biomedicine, food). This review summarizes the research efforts presented in the patent and non-patent literature. A discussion was conducted regarding biopolymer-based hydrogels such as natural proteins (i.e., fibrin, silk fibroin, collagen, keratin, gelatin) and polysaccharides (i.e., chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, carrageenan, alginate). In this analysis, the latest advances in the modification and characterization of advanced biopolymeric formulations and their state-of-the-art administration in drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine were addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ljubiša Nikolić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia
| | - Suzana Cakić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia
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29
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Jelodari S, Daemi H, Mohammadi P, Verdi J, J Al-Awady M, Ai J, Azami M. Assessment of the Efficacy of an LL-37-Encapsulated Keratin Hydrogel for the Treatment of Full-Thickness Wounds. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37224450 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing remains a burdensome healthcare problem due to moisture loss and bacterial infection. Advanced hydrogel dressings can help to resolve these issues by assisting and accelerating regenerative processes such as cell migration and angiogenesis because of the similarities between their composition and structure with natural skin. In this study, we aimed to develop a keratin-based hydrogel dressing and investigate the impact of the delivery of LL-37 antimicrobial peptide using this hydrogel in treating full-thickness rat wounds. Therefore, oxidized (keratose) and reduced (kerateine) keratins were utilized to prepare 10% (w/v) hydrogels with different ratios of keratose and kerateine. The mechanical properties of these hydrogels with compressive modulus of 6-32 kPa and tan δ <1 render them suitable for wound healing applications. Also, sustained release of LL-37 from the keratin hydrogel was achieved, which can lead to superior wound healing. In vitro studies confirmed that LL-37 containing 25:75% of keratose/kerateine (L-KO25:KN75) would result in significant fibroblast proliferation (∼85% on day 7), adhesion (∼90 cells/HPF), and migration (73% scratch closure after 12 h and complete closure after 24 h). Also, L-KO25:KN75 is capable of eradicating both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria after 18 h. According to in vivo assessment of L-KO25:KN75, wound closure at day 21 was >98% and microvessel density (>30 vessels/HPF at day 14) was significantly superior in comparison to other treatment groups. The mRNA expression of VEGF and IL-6 was also increased in the L-KO25:KN75-treated group and contributed to proper wound healing. Therefore, the LL-37-containing keratin hydrogel ameliorated wound closure, and also angiogenesis was enhanced as a result of LL-37 delivery. These results suggested that the L-KO25:KN75 hydrogel could be a sustainable substitute for skin tissue regeneration in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Jelodari
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Hamed Daemi
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran
| | - Mohammed J Al-Awady
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Azami
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran
- Joint Reconstruction Research Center (JRRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran
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30
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Lupu A, Gradinaru LM, Gradinaru VR, Bercea M. Diversity of Bioinspired Hydrogels: From Structure to Applications. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050376. [PMID: 37232968 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are three-dimensional networks with a variety of structures and functions that have a remarkable ability to absorb huge amounts of water or biological fluids. They can incorporate active compounds and release them in a controlled manner. Hydrogels can also be designed to be sensitive to external stimuli: temperature, pH, ionic strength, electrical or magnetic stimuli, specific molecules, etc. Alternative methods for the development of various hydrogels have been outlined in the literature over time. Some hydrogels are toxic and therefore are avoided when obtaining biomaterials, pharmaceuticals, or therapeutic products. Nature is a permanent source of inspiration for new structures and new functionalities of more and more competitive materials. Natural compounds present a series of physico-chemical and biological characteristics suitable for biomaterials, such as biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. Thus, they can generate microenvironments comparable to the intracellular or extracellular matrices in the human body. This paper discusses the main advantages of the presence of biomolecules (polysaccharides, proteins, and polypeptides) in hydrogels. Structural aspects induced by natural compounds and their specific properties are emphasized. The most suitable applications will be highlighted, including drug delivery, self-healing materials for regenerative medicine, cell culture, wound dressings, 3D bioprinting, foods, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lupu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Luiza Madalina Gradinaru
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Robert Gradinaru
- Faculty of Chemistry, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, 11 Carol I Bd., 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Bercea
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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31
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Mukherjee A, Pal S, Parhi S, Karki S, Ingole PG, Ghosh P. One-Pot Extraction of Bioresources from Human Hair via a Zero-Waste Green Route. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15759-15768. [PMID: 37151520 PMCID: PMC10157874 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the extraction of bioresources from biowaste via green chemistry and their utilization for the production of materials has gained global momentum due to growing awareness of the concepts of sustainability. Herein, we report a benign process using an ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl), for the simultaneous extraction of keratin and melanin from human hair. Chemical characterization, secondary structure studies, and thermal analysis of the regenerated protein were performed thoroughly. Hemolytic potential assays demonstrated hemocompatibility of the keratin, and thus, it can be used in blood-contacting biomaterials such as sealants, catheters, hemostats, tissue engineering scaffolds, and so on. Scanning electron microscopy showed retention of the ellipsoidal morphology of melanin after the extraction procedure. The pigment demonstrated the ability to reduce 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl indicative of its free-radical scavenging activity. Notably, the IL could be recovered and recycled from the dialysis remains which also exhibited conductivity and can be potentially used for bioelectronics. Altogether, this work investigates an extraction process of biopolymers using green chemistry from abundantly available biowaste for the production of biomaterials and does not produce any noxious waste matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashmita Mukherjee
- CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, 700032 Kolkata, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, Kamla Nehru Nagar, 201002 Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sreyasi Pal
- CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, 700032 Kolkata, India
| | - Shivangi Parhi
- CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, 700032 Kolkata, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, Kamla Nehru Nagar, 201002 Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sachin Karki
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, Kamla Nehru Nagar, 201002 Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR-North
East Institute of Science and Technology, NH-37, Pulibor, Jorhat, 785006 Assam, India
| | - Pravin G. Ingole
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, Kamla Nehru Nagar, 201002 Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR-North
East Institute of Science and Technology, NH-37, Pulibor, Jorhat, 785006 Assam, India
| | - Paulomi Ghosh
- Institute
of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Plot No. DG/02/02, Action Area 1D,
Newtown, Kolkata, 700156 West Bengal, India
- ,
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32
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Sasikanth V, Meganathan B, Rathinavel T, Seshachalam S, Nallappa H, Gopi B. General overview of biopolymers: structure and properties. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Biopolymers are synthesized from a biological origin under natural phenomenon especially during their growth cycle, in the form of polymeric substances that portrays excellent properties such as flexibility, tensile strength, steadiness, reusability, and so on. The amalgamated form of two or more biopolymers leads to the formation of “biocomposites” with novel applications. Several mechanisms were identified for the effective production of biopolymers from diverse life forms such as microbial origin plant and animal origin. Based on their origin, biopolymer differs in their structure and functions. Biopolymers are preferred over chemically synthesized polymers due to their biodegradability and their impact on the environment. Biopolymers play a pivotal role in pharmaceutical industries. The biopolymers could be employed for, the administration of medicine as well as regenerative medicine to reach minimal immunogenicity and maximum pharmacological expressivity in a treated individual. Based on their properties biopolymers were exclusively used in medical devices, cosmaceuticals, and confectionaries, it is also used as additives in food industries, bio-sensors, textile industries, and wastewater treatment plants. Ecological support is of utmost concern nowadays due to the ever-expanding ramification over the planet by usage of plastic as packaging material, turning up scientists and researchers to focus on biodegradable biopolymer utilization. The miscibility-structural-property relation between every biopolymer must be focused on to improve the better environment. Specific biopolymers are designed for the betterment of agrarian and commoners of society. Advanced structural modifications, properties of biopolymers, and applications of biopolymers to achieve a greener environment were discussed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasuki Sasikanth
- Department of Biotechnology , Sona College of Arts and Science , Salem , 636 005 , India
| | | | | | - Sindhu Seshachalam
- Department of Biotechnology , Sona College of Arts and Science , Salem , 636 005 , India
| | - Harini Nallappa
- Department of Biotechnology , Sona College of Arts and Science , Salem , 636 005 , India
| | - Brindha Gopi
- Department of Biotechnology , Sona College of Arts and Science , Salem , 636 005 , India
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Bartoli M, Piatti E, Tagliaferro A. A Short Review on Nanostructured Carbon Containing Biopolymer Derived Composites for Tissue Engineering Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:1567. [PMID: 36987346 PMCID: PMC10056897 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new scaffolds and materials for tissue engineering is a wide and open realm of material science. Among solutions, the use of biopolymers represents a particularly interesting area of study due to their great chemical complexity that enables creation of specific molecular architectures. However, biopolymers do not exhibit the properties required for direct application in tissue repair-such as mechanical and electrical properties-but they do show very attractive chemical functionalities which are difficult to produce through in vitro synthesis. The combination of biopolymers with nanostructured carbon fillers could represent a robust solution to enhance composite properties, producing composites with new and unique features, particularly relating to electronic conduction. In this paper, we provide a review of the field of carbonaceous nanostructure-containing biopolymer composites, limiting our investigation to tissue-engineering applications, and providing a complete overview of the recent and most outstanding achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bartoli
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies (CSFT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno 60, 10144 Turin, Italy;
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Erik Piatti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy;
| | - Alberto Tagliaferro
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy;
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
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Abstract
For each kilogram of food protein wasted, between 15 and 750 kg of CO2 end up in the atmosphere. With this alarming carbon footprint, food protein waste not only contributes to climate change but also significantly impacts other environmental boundaries, such as nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, global freshwater use, change in land composition, chemical pollution, and biodiversity loss. This contrasts sharply with both the high nutritional value of proteins, as well as their unique chemical and physical versatility, which enable their use in new materials and innovative technologies. In this review, we discuss how food protein waste can be efficiently valorized not only by reintroduction into the food chain supply but also as a template for the development of sustainable technologies by allowing it to exit the food-value chain, thus alleviating some of the most urgent global challenges. We showcase three technologies of immediate significance and environmental impact: biodegradable plastics, water purification, and renewable energy. We discuss, by carefully reviewing the current state of the art, how proteins extracted from food waste can be valorized into key players to facilitate these technologies. We furthermore support analysis of the extant literature by original life cycle assessment (LCA) examples run ad hoc on both plant and animal waste proteins in the context of the technologies considered, and against realistic benchmarks, to quantitatively demonstrate their efficacy and potential. We finally conclude the review with an outlook on how such a comprehensive management of food protein waste is anticipated to transform its carbon footprint from positive to negative and, more generally, have a favorable impact on several other important planetary boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Peydayesh
- ETH
Zurich, Department of Health
Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Bagnani
- ETH
Zurich, Department of Health
Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wei Long Soon
- ETH
Zurich, Department of Health
Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center
for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and
Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- ETH
Zurich, Department of Health
Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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de Q Souza GE, Burin GRM, de Muniz GIB, Alves HJ. Valorization of feather waste in Brazil: structure, methods of extraction, and applications of feather keratin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39558-39567. [PMID: 36790699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review presents the potential of using feather waste as a β-keratin source, including the Brazilian scenario in the generation of this byproduct. The structure and properties of α- and β-keratin, the methods commonly reported to extract keratin from poultry feathers, and applications of feather keratin-based materials are also covered in this review. The literature search for poultry production data in Brazil was conducted for the last 2 years, for the period 2021-2022. A broad literature search for extraction methods and applications of feather keratin was done for the period 2001-2022. The poultry industry is one of the largest sectors of the food industry, and Brazil was the third-largest world producer of chicken meat with more than six billion chickens slaughtered in 2021. Poultry feathers constitute about 7% weight of broilers; thus, it can be estimated that about one million tons of poultry feathers were generated in Brazil in 2021, and the improper disposal of this byproduct contributes to environmental problems and disease transmission. The most common method of reusing feathers is the production of feather meal. From economic and environmental points of view, it is advantageous to develop processes to add value to this byproduct, including the extraction of keratin. Among natural biodegradable polymers, keratin-based materials have revolutionized the field of biomaterials due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, allowing their application in biomedical, pharmaceutical, chemical, and engineering areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme E de Q Souza
- Laboratory of Materials and Renewable Energy (LABMATER), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil
- Central Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LCNano), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil
| | - Glaucia R M Burin
- Laboratory of Materials and Renewable Energy (LABMATER), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil.
| | - Graciela I B de Muniz
- Central Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LCNano), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil
| | - Helton J Alves
- Laboratory of Materials and Renewable Energy (LABMATER), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil
- Central Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LCNano), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil
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Su C, Gong JS, Wu ZX, Liu YL, Li H, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Development of a Growth-Dependent System to Regulate Cell Growth and Keratinase Production in B. subtilis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2421-2429. [PMID: 36629862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Keratinases specifically degrade insoluble keratin waste, thus contributing to environmental protection and sustainable biomass development. However, their industrial application is hindered by inefficient enzyme production and poor biomass generation. In this study, the heterologous expression of keratinase was found to have cytotoxicity and might block host cell growth due to its proteolytic property. To address this problem, an autoregulatory expression system based on quorum sensing was developed to synergistically regulate cell growth and keratinase production in Bacillus subtilis. The growth-dependent promoter PaprE was chosen and shown to be effective in delaying keratinase production while promoting host cell proliferation. Copy number screening and core region mutations further balanced the two states. Carbon supplement optimization indicated that addition of 2% glucose facilitated biomass accumulation during the early stage of fermentation. Cell density increased to 15.6 (OD600 nm) from 8 with keratinase activity raised to 4200 U·mL-1 from 1162 U·mL-1. Keratinase was then utilized in the bioconversion of feather waste to prepare soluble keratins, polypeptides, and amino acids. This study provides a powerful system for efficient production of keratinase and paves the way for keratin waste recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Ze-Xi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
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Syeddan SA. Research Methodology and Mechanisms of Action of Current Orthopaedic Implant Coatings. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2023; 33:51-66. [PMID: 36734927 DOI: 10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.2022040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Orthopedic implants are crucial interventions that are gaining greater importance in modern medicine to restore function to commonly affected joints. Each implantation carries the risk of implant-associated infection and loosening of the implant due to improper integration with soft tissue. Coating strategies have been developed to aid the growth of bone into the implant (osteointegration) and prevent biofilm formation to avoid infection. In this review, primary articles highlighting recent developments and advancements in orthopedic implant coating will be presented. Additionally, the methodology of the articles will be critiqued based on this research criteria: establishment of function on a theoretical basis, validation of coating function, and potential next steps/improvements based on results. A theoretical basis based on understanding the mechanisms at play of these various coatings allows for systems to be developed to tackle the tasks of osteointegration, subversion of infection, and avoidance of cytotoxicity. The current state of research methodology in coating design focuses too heavily on either osteointegration or the prevention of infection, thus, future development in medical implant coating needs to investigate the creation of a coating that accomplishes both tasks. Additionally, next steps and improvements to systems need to be better highlighted to move forward when problems arise within a system. Research currently showcasing new coatings is performed primarily in vitro and in vivo. More clinical trials need to be performed to highlight long-term sustainability, the structural integrity, and the safety of the implant.
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Zhang M, Xu S, Du C, Wang R, Han C, Che Y, Feng W, Wang C, Gao S, Zhao W. Novel PLCL nanofibrous/keratin hydrogel bilayer wound dressing for skin wound repair. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113119. [PMID: 36621177 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel poly(L-lactate-caprolactone) copolymer (PLCL) nanofibrous/keratin hydrogel bilayer wound dressing loaded with fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) was prepared by the low-pressure filtration-assisted method. The ability of the keratin hydrogel in the bilayer dressing to mimic the dermis and that of the nanofibrous PLCL to mimic the epidermis were discussed. Keratin hydrogel exhibited good porosity and maximum water absorption of 874.09%. Compared with that of the dressing prepared by the coating method, the interface of the bilayer dressing manufactured by the low-pressure filtration-assisted method (filtration time: 20 min) was tightly bonded, and its bilayer dressing interface could not be easily peeled off. The elastic modulus of hydrogel was about 44 kPa, which was similar to the elastic modulus of the dermis (2-80 kPa). Additionally, PLCL nanofibers had certain toughness and flexibility suitable for simulating the epidermal structures. In vitro studies showed that the bilayer dressing was biocompatible and biodegradable. In vivo studies indicated that PLCL/keratin-FGF-2 bilayer dressing could promote re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, skin appendages (hair follicles) regeneration, microangiogenesis construction, and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) recruitment. The introduction of FGF-2 resulted in a better repair effect. The bilayer dressing also solved the problems of poor interface adhesion of hydrogel/electrospinning nanofibers. This paper also explored the preliminary role and mechanism of bilayer dressing in promoting skin healing, showing that its potential applications as a biomedical wound dressing in the field of skin tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Shixin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Chen Du
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Ruoying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Cuicui Han
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Yongan Che
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Chengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
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Qin X, Yang C, Guo Y, Liu J, Bitter JH, Scott EL, Zhang C. Effect of ultrasound on keratin valorization from chicken feather waste: Process optimization and keratin characterization. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 93:106297. [PMID: 36641870 PMCID: PMC9860336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chicken feather (CF) has been deemed as one of the main poultry byproducts with a large amount produced globally. However, the robust chemical nature of chicken feathers has been limiting in its wide-scale utilization and valorization. The study proposed a strategy of keratin regeneration from chicken feather combining ultrasound and Cysteine (Cys)-reduction for keratin regeneration. First, the ultrasonic effect on feather degradation and keratin properties was systematically explored based on Cys-reduction. Results showed that the feather dissolution was significantly improved by increasing both ultrasonic time and power, and the former had a greater impact on keratin yield. However, the treatment time over 4 h led to a decrease of keratin yield, producing more soluble peptides, > 9.7 % of which were < 0.5 kDa. Meanwhile, prolonging time decreased the thermal stability with weight loss at a lower temperature and amino acids content (e.g., Ser, Pro and Gly) of keratin. Conversely, no remarkable damage in chemical structure and thermal stability of regenerated keratin was observed by only increasing ultrasonic power, while the keratin solubility was notably promoted and reached 745.72 mg·g-1 in NaOH (0.1 M) solution (400 W, 4 h). The regenerated keratin under optimal conditions (130 W, 2.7 h, and 15 % of Cys) possessed better solubility while without obvious damage in chemical structure, thermal stability, and amino acids composition. The study illustrated that ultrasound physically improved CF degradation and keratin solubility without nature damage and provided an alternative for keratin regeneration involving no toxic reagent, probably holding promise in the utilization and valorization of feather waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Qin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700AA, Netherlands
| | - Chuan Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Xinjiang Taikun Group Co. Ltd, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Changji 831100, China
| | - Jiqian Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Johannes H. Bitter
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700AA, Netherlands
| | - Elinor L. Scott
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700AA, Netherlands
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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40
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Zhao H, Liu C, Liu Y, Ding Q, Wang T, Li H, Wu H, Ma T. Harnessing electromagnetic fields to assist bone tissue engineering. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:7. [PMID: 36631880 PMCID: PMC9835389 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) emerged as one of the exceptional means for bone defects owing to it providing mechanical supports to guide bone tissue regeneration. Great advances have been made to facilitate the success of BTE in regenerating bone within defects. The use of externally applied fields has been regarded as an alternative strategy for BTE. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs), known as a simple and non-invasive therapy, can remotely provide electric and magnetic stimulation to cells and biomaterials, thus applying EMFs to assist BTE would be a promising strategy for bone regeneration. When combined with BTE, EMFs improve cell adhesion to the material surface by promoting protein adsorption. Additionally, EMFs have positive effects on mesenchymal stem cells and show capabilities of pro-angiogenesis and macrophage polarization manipulation. These advantages of EMFs indicate that it is perfectly suitable for representing the adjuvant treatment of BTE. We also summarize studies concerning combinations of EMFs and diverse biomaterial types. The strategy of combining EMFs and BTE receives encouraging outcomes and holds a promising future for effectively treating bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Zhao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Yang Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Qing Ding
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Hao Li
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Tian Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Giteru SG, Ramsey DH, Hou Y, Cong L, Mohan A, Bekhit AEDA. Wool keratin as a novel alternative protein: A comprehensive review of extraction, purification, nutrition, safety, and food applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:643-687. [PMID: 36527315 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The growing global population and lifestyle changes have increased the demand for specialized diets that require protein and other essential nutrients for humans. Recent technological advances have enabled the use of food bioresources treated as waste as additional sources of alternative proteins. Sheep wool is an inexpensive and readily available bioresource containing 95%-98% protein, making it an outstanding potential source of protein for food and biotechnological applications. The strong structure of wool and its indigestibility are the main hurdles to achieving its potential as an edible protein. Although various methods have been investigated for the hydrolysis of wool into keratin, only a few of these, such as sulfitolysis, oxidation, and enzymatic processes, have the potential to generate edible keratin. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity studies reported no cytotoxicity effects of extracted keratin, suggesting its potential for use as a high-value protein ingredient that supports normal body functions. Keratin has a high cysteine content that can support healthy epithelia, glutathione synthesis, antioxidant functions, and skeletal muscle functions. With the recent spike in new keratin extraction methods, extensive long-term investigations that examine prolonged exposure of keratin generated from these techniques in animal and human subjects are required to ascertain its safety. Food applications of wool could improve the ecological footprint of sheep farming and unlock the potential of a sustainable protein source that meets demands for ethical production of animal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yakun Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lei Cong
- Department of Agribusiness and Markets, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Anand Mohan
- Alliance Group Limited, Invercargill, New Zealand
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Peiravi-Rivash O, Mashreghi M, Baigenzhenov O, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A. Producing bacterial nano-cellulose and keratin from wastes to synthesize keratin/cellulose nanobiocomposite for removal of dyes and heavy metal ions from waters and wastewaters. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Fervidobacterium pennivorans subsp. keratinolyticus subsp. nov., a Novel Feather-Degrading Anaerobic Thermophile. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010022. [PMID: 36677314 PMCID: PMC9861569 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fervidobacterium pennivorans subsp. keratinolyticus subsp. nov. strain T was isolated from a terrestrial, high-altitude hot spring in Tajikistan. This strain is an obligate anaerobic rod and their cells occur singly, in pairs, or as short chains under the optimal growth conditions of a temperature of 65 °C and pH 6.5, with peptone, glucose, and galactose as the preferred substrates. The minimum generation time of this strain is 150 min. Strain T can efficiently degrade feather keratin at 65-75 °C; this unusual feature is also exhibited by a few other members of the Fervidobacterium genus. The total genome size of this bacterial strain is 2,002,515 base pairs, with a C + G content of 39.0%. The maximum digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value of 76.9% was observed on comparing the genome of this strain with that of Fervidobacterium pennivorans type strain DSM9078. This study describes the physiological and genomic properties of strain T, with an emphasis on its keratinolytic power and differences from other members of the genus Fervidobacterium.
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44
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Experimental and theoretical study on the extraction of keratin from human hair using protic ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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45
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Therapeutic Textiles Functionalized with Keratin-Based Particles Encapsulating Terbinafine for the Treatment of Onychomycosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213999. [PMID: 36430474 PMCID: PMC9699589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is the most common nail fungal infection worldwide. There are several therapy options available for onychomycosis, such as oral antifungals, topicals, and physical treatments. Terbinafine is in the frontline for the treatment of onychomycosis; however, several adverse effects are associated to its oral administration. In this work, innovative keratin-based carriers encapsulating terbinafine were designed to overcome the drawbacks related to the use this drug. Therapeutic textiles functionalized with keratin-based particles (100% keratin; 80% keratin/20% keratin-PEG) encapsulating terbinafine were developed. The controlled release of terbinafine from the functionalized textiles was evaluated against different mimetic biologic solutions (PBS buffer-pH = 7.4, micellar solution and acidic sweat solution-pH = 4.3). The modification of keratin with polyethylene glycol (PEG) moieties favored the release of terbinafine at the end of 48 h for all the solution conditions. When the activity of functionalized textiles was tested against Trichophyton rubrum, a differentiated inhibition was observed. Textiles functionalized with 80% keratin/20% keratin-PEG encapsulating terbinafine showed a 2-fold inhibition halo compared with the textiles containing 100% keratin-encapsulating terbinafine. No activity was observed for the textiles functionalized with keratin-based particles without terbinafine. The systems herein developed revealed therapeutic potential towards nail fungal infections, taking advantage of keratin-based particles affinity to keratin structures and of the keratinase activity of T. rubrum.
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Trojanowska D, Suarato G, Braccia C, Armirotti A, Fiorentini F, Athanassiou A, Perotto G. Wool Keratin Nanoparticle-Based Micropatterns for Cellular Guidance Applications. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:15272-15287. [PMID: 36338329 PMCID: PMC9624257 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c03116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The waste stream of low-grade wool is an underutilized source of keratin-rich materials with appropriate methods for upcycling into high value-added products still being an open challenge. In the present work, keratins were precipitated from their water solution to produce hierarchical keratin particles via isoelectric precipitation. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization coupled with time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS) showed the presence of the amino acid sequence leucine-aspartic acid-valine (LDV) in the extracted keratin. This well-known cell adhesion motif is recognized by the cell adhesion molecule α4β1 integrin. We showed that keratin particles had this tripeptide exposed on the surface and that it could be leveraged, via patterns obtained with microcontact printing, to support and facilitate dermal fibroblast cell adhesion and direct their growth orientation. The zeta potential, isoelectric point, morphological structures, chemical composition, and biocompatibility of keratin particles and the influence of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were investigated. An appropriate ink for microcontact printing of the keratin particles was developed and micron-sized patterns were obtained. Cells adhered preferentially to the patterns, showing how this strategy could be used to functionalize biointerfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara
J. Trojanowska
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Materials Group, Via Morego, 30, 16163Genova, Italy
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Suarato
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Materials Group, Via Morego, 30, 16163Genova, Italy
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Translational Pharmacology Facility, Via Morego, 30, 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Clarissa Braccia
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Analytical Chemistry Facility, Via Morego, 30, 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Analytical Chemistry Facility, Via Morego, 30, 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fiorentini
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Materials Group, Via Morego, 30, 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Athanassia Athanassiou
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Materials Group, Via Morego, 30, 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Perotto
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Materials Group, Via Morego, 30, 16163Genova, Italy
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47
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Timorshina S, Popova E, Kreyer V, Baranova N, Osmolovskiy A. Keratinolytic Properties of Aspergillus clavatus Promising for Biodegradation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13939. [PMID: 36360819 PMCID: PMC9655890 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The high demand for keratinolytic enzymes and the modest presentation of fungal keratinase diversity studies in scientific sources cause a significant interest in identifying new fungal strains of keratinase producers, isolating new enzymes and studying their properties. Four out of the 32 cultures showed a promising target activity on protein-containing agar plates-Aspergillus amstelodami A6, A. clavatus VKPM F-1593, A. ochraceus 247, and Cladosporium sphaerospermum 1779. The highest values of keratinolytic activity were demonstrated by extracellular proteins synthesized by Aspergillus clavatus VKPM F-1593 cultivated under submerged conditions on a medium containing milled chicken feathers. The enzyme complex preparation was obtained by protein precipitation from the culture liquid with ammonium sulfate, subsequent dialysis, and lyophilization. The fraction of a pure enzyme with keratinolytic activity (pI 9.3) was isolated by separating the extracellular proteins of A. clavatus VKPM F-1593 via isoelectric focusing. The studied keratinase was an alkaline subtilisin-like non-glycosylated protease active over a wide pH range with optimum keratinolysis at pH 8 and 50 °C.
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48
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Qin HJ, Li H, Chen JZ, Zhang KR, Zhao XQ, Qin JQ, Yu B, Yang J. Artificial nerve graft constructed by coculture of activated Schwann cells and human hair keratin for repair of peripheral nerve defects. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1118-1123. [PMID: 36255001 PMCID: PMC9827759 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that human hair keratin (HHK) has no antigenicity and excellent mechanical properties. Schwann cells, as unique glial cells in the peripheral nervous system, can be induced by interleukin-1β to secrete nerve growth factor, which promotes neural regeneration. Therefore, HHK with Schwann cells may be a more effective approach to repair nerve defects than HHK without Schwann cells. In this study, we established an artificial nerve graft by loading an HHK skeleton with activated Schwann cells. We found that the longitudinal HHK microfilament structure provided adhesion medium, space and direction for Schwann cells, and promoted Schwann cell growth and nerve fiber regeneration. In addition, interleukin-1β not only activates Schwann cells, but also strengthens their activity and increases the expression of nerve growth factors. Activated Schwann cells activate macrophages, and activated macrophages secrete interleukin-1β, which maintains the activity of Schwann cells. Thus, a beneficial cycle forms and promotes nerve repair. Furthermore, our studies have found that the newly constructed artificial nerve graft promotes the improvements in nerve conduction function and motor function in rats with sciatic nerve injury, and increases the expression of nerve injury repair factors fibroblast growth factor 2 and human transforming growth factor B receptor 2. These findings suggest that this artificial nerve graft effectively repairs peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jun Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hang Li
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jun-Ze Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Baiyun Branch of Southern Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kai-Rui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xing-Qi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Qin
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China,Correspondence to: Jun Yang, ; Bin Yu, .
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China,Department of Orthopedics, The 74th Group Military Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China,Correspondence to: Jun Yang, ; Bin Yu, .
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49
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Soluble Protein Hydrolysate Ameliorates Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Injury in 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis in Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091287. [PMID: 36139127 PMCID: PMC9496120 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, recurring gastrointestinal diseases that severely impair health and quality of life. Although therapeutic options have significantly expanded in recent years, there is no effective therapy for a complete and permanent cure for IBD. Well tolerated dietary interventions to improve gastrointestinal health in IBD would be a welcome advance especially with anticipated favorable tolerability and affordability. Soluble protein hydrolysate (SPH) is produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of commercial food industry salmon offcuts (consisting of the head, backbone and skin) and contains a multitude of bioactive peptides including those with anti-oxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate whether SPH ameliorates gastrointestinal injury in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced mouse colitis model. Mice were randomly assigned to four groups: Control (no colitis), Colitis, Colitis/CP (with control peptide treatment), and Colitis/SPH (with SPH treatment). Colitis was induced by cutaneous sensitization with 1% TNBS on day −8 followed by 2.5% TNBS enema challenge on day 0. Control peptides and SPH were provided to the mice in the Colitis/CP or Colitis/SPH group respectively by drinking water at the final concentration of 2% w/v daily from day −10 to day 4. Then, the colon was harvested on day 4 and examined macro- and microscopically. Relevant measures included disease activity index (DAI), colon histology injury, immune cells infiltration, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and anti-oxidative gene expression. It was found that SPH treatment decreased the DAI score and colon tissue injury when compared to the colitis-only and CP groups. The protective mechanisms of SPH were associated with reduced infiltration of CD4+ T, CD8+ T and B220+ B lymphocytes but not macrophages, downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6), and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines (transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin-10) in the colon tissue. Moreover, the upregulation of anti-oxidative genes, including ferritin heavy chain 1, heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, and superoxide dismutase 1, in the colons of colitis/SPH group was observed compared with the control peptide treatment group. In conclusion, the protective mechanism of SPH is associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects as demonstrated herein in an established mice model of colitis. Clinical studies with SPH as a potential functional food for the prevention or as an adjuvant therapy in IBD may add an effective and targeted diet-based approach to IBD management in the future.
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50
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Renu K, Vinayagam S, Veeraraghavan VP, Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Prabakaran DS, Ganesan R, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Kandasamy S, Ramanathan G, Doss C GP, George A, Gopalakrishnan AV. Molecular Crosstalk between the Immunological Mechanism of the Tumor Microenvironment and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091490. [PMID: 36146567 PMCID: PMC9504083 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a significant non-communicable disease affecting both emergent nations and developed countries. Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck represent the eight major familiar cancer types worldwide, accounting for more than 350,000 established cases every year. Oral cancer is one of the most exigent tumors to control and treat. The survival rate of oral cancer is poor due to local invasion along with recurrent lymph node metastasis. The tumor microenvironment contains a different population of cells, such as fibroblasts associated with cancer, immune-infiltrating cells, and other extracellular matrix non-components. Metastasis in a primary site is mainly due to multifaceted progression known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). For the period of EMT, epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal cell functional and structural characteristics, which lead to cell migration enhancement and promotion of the dissemination of tumor cells. The present review links the tumor microenvironment and the role of EMT in inflammation, transcriptional factors, receptor involvement, microRNA, and other signaling events. It would, in turn, help to better understand the mechanism behind the tumor microenvironment and EMT during oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Sathishkumar Vinayagam
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Postgraduate and Research Studies, Periyar University, Dharmapuri 635205, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. S. Prabakaran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Srivilliputhur Main Road, Sivakasi 626124, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sabariswaran Kandasamy
- Institute of Energy Research, Jiangsu University, No 301, Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George Priya Doss C
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (A.V.G.)
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