1
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Valentini M, Ercolani G, Di Stefano S. Kinetic Trapping of an Out-of-Equilibrium Dynamic Library of Imines by Changing Solvent. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401104. [PMID: 38584126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
A well-behaved dynamic library composed of two imines and corresponding amines was subjected to the action of an activated carboxylic acid (ACA), whose decarboxylation is known to be base promoted, in different solvents, namely CD2Cl2, CD3CN, and mixtures of them. Two non-equilibrium systems are consequently obtained: i) a dissipative (CD2Cl2) and ii) an out-of-equilibrium (CD3CN) dynamic library whose composition goes back to equilibrium after a given time. In the former case, the library is fully coupled with the decarboxylation of the ACA, while in the latter, an energy ratchet operates. In the mixed solvents, the library exhibits a mediated behavior. Interestingly, in the presence of an excess of added ACA, the different behavior of the imine library in the two solvents is expected to manifest only when the excess acid is consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Valentini
- Department of Chemistry, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma -, Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Ercolani
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, I-00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Department of Chemistry, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma -, Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
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2
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Islam M, Baroi MK, Das BK, Kumari A, Das K, Ahmed S. Chemically fueled dynamic switching between assembly-encoded emissions. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:3104-3114. [PMID: 38687299 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00251b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly provides access to non-covalently synthesized supramolecular materials with distinct properties from a single building block. However, dynamic switching between functional states still remains challenging, but holds enormous potential in material chemistry to design smart materials. Herein, we demonstrate a chemical fuel-mediated strategy to dynamically switch between two distinctly emissive aggregates, originating from the self-assembly of a naphthalimide-appended peptide building block. A molecularly dissolved building block shows very weak blue emission, whereas, in the assembled state (Agg-1), it shows cyan emission through π stacking-mediated excimer emission. The addition of a chemical fuel, ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide (EDC), converts the terminal aspartic acid present in the building block to an intra-molecularly cyclized anhydride in situ forming a second aggregated state, Agg-2, by changing the molecular packing, thereby transforming the emission to strong blue. Interestingly, the anhydride gets hydrolyzed gradually to reform Agg-1 and the initial cyan emission is restored. The kinetic stability of the strong blue emissive aggregate, Agg-2, can be regulated by the added concentration of the chemical fuel. Moreover, we expand the scope of this system within an agarose gel matrix, which allows us to gain spatiotemporal control over the properties, thereby producing a self-erasable writing system where the chemical fuel acts as the ink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manirul Islam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Malay Kumar Baroi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Basab Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Aanchal Kumari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Krishnendu Das
- Department of Molecules and Materials & MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Sahnawaz Ahmed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, Kolkata 700054, India.
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3
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Polev K, Paneru G, Visyn V, Cybulski O, Lach S, Kolygina DV, Edel E, Grzybowski BA. Light-Driven, Dynamic Assembly of Micron-To-Centimeter Parts, Micromachines and Microbot Swarms. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402263. [PMID: 38924658 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This work describes light-driven assembly of dynamic formations and functional particle swarms controlled by appropriately programmed light patterns. The system capitalizes on the use of a fluidic bed whose low thermal conductivity assures that light-generated heat remains "localized" and sets strong convective flows in the immediate vicinity of the particles being irradiated. In this way, even low-power laser light or light from a desktop slide projector can be used to organize dynamic formations of objects spanning four orders of magnitude in size (from microns to centimeters) and over nine orders of magnitude in terms of mass. These dynamic assemblies include open-lattice structures with individual particles performing intricate translational and/or rotational motions, density-gradient particle arrays, nested architectures of mechanical components (e.g., planetary gears), or swarms of light-actuated microbots controlling assembly of other objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Polev
- Center for Algorithmic and Robotized Synthesis (CARS), Korea's Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Govind Paneru
- Center for Algorithmic and Robotized Synthesis (CARS), Korea's Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Valentin Visyn
- Center for Algorithmic and Robotized Synthesis (CARS), Korea's Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Olgierd Cybulski
- Center for Algorithmic and Robotized Synthesis (CARS), Korea's Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Slawomir Lach
- Center for Algorithmic and Robotized Synthesis (CARS), Korea's Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Diana V Kolygina
- Center for Algorithmic and Robotized Synthesis (CARS), Korea's Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Evelyn Edel
- Center for Algorithmic and Robotized Synthesis (CARS), Korea's Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Bartosz A Grzybowski
- Center for Algorithmic and Robotized Synthesis (CARS), Korea's Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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4
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Wang H, Wang K, Bai S, Wei L, Gao Y, Zhi K, Guo X, Wang Y. Spatiotemporal control over self-assembly of supramolecular hydrogels through reaction-diffusion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:938-945. [PMID: 38503079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly is ubiquitous in living system and is usually controlled to proceed in time and space through sophisticated reaction-diffusion processes, underpinning various vital cellular functions. In this contribution, we demonstrate how spatiotemporal self-assembly of supramolecular hydrogels can be realized through a simple reaction-diffusion-mediated transient transduction of pH signal. In the reaction-diffusion system, a relatively faster diffusion of acid followed by delayed enzymatic production and diffusion of base from the opposite site enables a transient transduction of pH signal in the substrate. By coupling such reaction-diffusion system with pH-sensitive gelators, dynamic supramolecular hydrogels with tunable lifetimes are formed at defined locations. The hydrogel fibers show interesting dynamic growing behaviors under the regulation of transient pH signal, reminiscent of their biological counterpart. We further demonstrate a proof-of-concept application of the developed methodology for dynamic information encoding in a soft substrate. We envision that this work may provide a potent approach to enable transient transduction of various chemical signals for the construction of new colloidal materials with the capability to evolve their structures and functionalities in time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kainan Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shengyu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuliang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kangkang Zhi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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5
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Borsley S, Leigh DA, Roberts BMW. Molecular Ratchets and Kinetic Asymmetry: Giving Chemistry Direction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400495. [PMID: 38568047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades ratchet mechanisms have transformed the understanding and design of stochastic molecular systems-biological, chemical and physical-in a move away from the mechanical macroscopic analogies that dominated thinking regarding molecular dynamics in the 1990s and early 2000s (e.g. pistons, springs, etc), to the more scale-relevant concepts that underpin out-of-equilibrium research in the molecular sciences today. Ratcheting has established molecular nanotechnology as a research frontier for energy transduction and metabolism, and has enabled the reverse engineering of biomolecular machinery, delivering insights into how molecules 'walk' and track-based synthesisers operate, how the acceleration of chemical reactions enables energy to be transduced by catalysts (both motor proteins and synthetic catalysts), and how dynamic systems can be driven away from equilibrium through catalysis. The recognition of molecular ratchet mechanisms in biology, and their invention in synthetic systems, is proving significant in areas as diverse as supramolecular chemistry, systems chemistry, dynamic covalent chemistry, DNA nanotechnology, polymer and materials science, molecular biology, heterogeneous catalysis, endergonic synthesis, the origin of life, and many other branches of chemical science. Put simply, ratchet mechanisms give chemistry direction. Kinetic asymmetry, the key feature of ratcheting, is the dynamic counterpart of structural asymmetry (i.e. chirality). Given the ubiquity of ratchet mechanisms in endergonic chemical processes in biology, and their significance for behaviour and function from systems to synthesis, it is surely just as fundamentally important. This Review charts the recognition, invention and development of molecular ratchets, focussing particularly on the role for which they were originally envisaged in chemistry, as design elements for molecular machinery. Different kinetically asymmetric systems are compared, and the consequences of their dynamic behaviour discussed. These archetypal examples demonstrate how chemical systems can be driven inexorably away from equilibrium, rather than relax towards it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Borsley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M W Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
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6
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Das A, Ghosh S, Mishra A, Som A, Banakar VB, Agasti SS, George SJ. Enzymatic Reaction-Coupled, Cooperative Supramolecular Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14844-14855. [PMID: 38747446 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Nature employs sophisticated mechanisms to precisely regulate self-assembly and functions within biological systems, exemplified by the formation of cytoskeletal filaments. Various enzymatic reactions and auxiliary proteins couple with the self-assembly process, meticulously regulating the length and functions of resulting macromolecular structures. In this context, we present a bioinspired, reaction-coupled approach for the controlled supramolecular polymerization in synthetic systems. To achieve this, we employ an enzymatic reaction that interfaces with the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-templated supramolecular polymerization of naphthalene diimide monomers (NSG). Notably, the enzymatic production of ATP (template) plays a pivotal role in facilitating reaction-controlled, cooperative growth of the NSG monomers. This growth process, in turn, provides positive feedback to the enzymatic production of ATP, creating an ideal reaction-coupled assembly process. The success of this approach is further evident in the living-growth characteristic observed during seeding experiments, marking this method as the pioneering instance where reaction-coupled self-assembly precisely controls the growth kinetics and structural aspects of supramolecular polymers in a predictive manner, akin to biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angshuman Das
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Ananya Mishra
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Arka Som
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Vijay Basavaraj Banakar
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sarit S Agasti
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Subi J George
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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7
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Saha NK, Salvia WS, Konkolewicz D, Hartley CS. Transient Covalent Polymers through Carbodiimide-Driven Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404933. [PMID: 38772695 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Biochemical systems make use of out-of-equilibrium polymers generated under kinetic control. Inspired by these systems, many abiotic supramolecular polymers driven by chemical fuel reactions have been reported. Conversely, polymers based on transient covalent bonds have received little attention, even though they have the potential to complement supramolecular systems by generating transient structures based on stronger bonds and by offering a straightforward tuning of reaction kinetics. In this study, we show that simple aqueous dicarboxylic acids give poly(anhydrides) when treated with the carbodiimide EDC. Transient covalent polymers with molecular weights exceeding 15,000 are generated which then decompose over the course of hours to weeks. Disassembly kinetics can be controlled using simple substituent effects in the monomer design. The impact of solvent polarity, carbodiimide concentration, temperature, pyridine concentration, and monomer concentration on polymer properties and lifetimes has been investigated. The results reveal substantial control over polymer assembly and disassembly kinetics, highlighting the potential for fine-tuned kinetic control in nonequilibrium polymerization systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirob K Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
| | - William S Salvia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
| | - C Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
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8
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Valera JS, López-Acosta Á, Hermans TM. Photoinitiated Transient Self-Assembly in a Catalytically Driven Chemical Reaction Cycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202406931. [PMID: 38770670 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Chemically fueled chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are essential in controlling dissipative self-assembly. A key challenge in the field is to store chemical fuel-precursors or "pre-fuels" in the system that are converted into activating or deactivating fuels in a catalytically controlled CRN. In addition, real-time control over catalysis in a CRN by light is highly desirable, but so far not yet achieved. Here we show a catalytically driven CRN that is photoinitiated with 450 nm light, producing activated monomers that go on to perform transient self-assembly. Monomer activation proceeds via photoredox catalysis, converting the monomer alcohol groups into the corresponding aldehydes that self-assemble into large supramolecular fibers. Monomer deactivation is achieved by organometallic catalysis that relies on pre-fuel hydrolysis to release formate (i.e. the deactivating fuel). Additionally, irradiation with 305 nm light accelerates the release of formate by photo-uncaging the pre-fuel, leading to a factor of ca. 2 faster deactivation of the monomer. Overall, we show transient self-assembly upon visible light photoactivation, and tunable life-times by ultraviolet light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Valera
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7140, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Thomas M Hermans
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7140, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France
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9
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Arslanov VV, Krylov DI. Reassembly of the vesicular structure of niosomes after their destruction in a mechanical field. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 662:342-356. [PMID: 38354561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents, for the first time, evidence for vesicle destruction and payload loss at the stage of purification of niosome dispersions by centrifugation, an important operation in the assembly of vesicular materials. The ability of niosomes of different compositions to reassemble, i.e., to restore the vesicular structure after destruction in the field of centrifugal forces, was demonstrated by dynamic light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy. The kinetics of reassembly of vesicular structures is determined by the strength of the centrifugal field and the composition of niosomes. In contrast to ternary compositions, where particle size and modality are essentially unchanged after redispersion of the precipitate resulting from centrifugation, niosome dispersions containing anionic dicetyl phosphate includes micron-sized particles after redispersion, which vary in size over a wide range throughout the observation period. The reassembly process is complicated by the presence of charge on the surface of the niosomes. Elastic niosomes - ethosomes have been synthesised which, due to the high deformability of the shells, are less susceptible to destruction in the centrifugal field and retain the contents of the aqueous core. Using the "energy landscape" approximation, it is shown that vesicular structures assembled during hydration and reassembled after their centrifugation occupy different positions in the energetic pathway of their preparation. The results obtained should also be taken into account when determining the entrapment efficiency, since this procedure uses centrifugation to separate the load. It is important to note that the physical stability of niosomes, which is usually considered in terms of the functional activity of particles, is manifest and should be considered at the material preparation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Arslanov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 31-4, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Daniil I Krylov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 31-4, Moscow 119071, Russia.
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10
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Wang L, Luo W, Weng Z, Wang Z, Wu Y, Zhao R, Han X, Liu X, Zhang J, Yang Y, Xie G. Building a stable and robust anti-interference DNA dissipation system by eliminating the accumulation of systemic specified errors. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1302:342493. [PMID: 38580407 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of DNA nanotechnology has enabled the systematic design of diverse bionic dissipative behaviors under the precise control of nucleic acid nanodevices. Nevertheless, when compared to the dissipation observed in robust living systems, it is highly desirable to enhance the anti-interference for artificial DNA dissipation to withstand perturbations and facilitate repairs within the complex biological environments. RESULTS In this study, we introduce strategically designed "trash cans" to facilitate kinetic control over interferences, transforming the stochastic binding of individual components within a homogeneous solution into a competitive binding process. This approach effectively eliminates incorrect binding and the accumulation of systemic interferences while ensuring a consistent pattern of energy fluctuation from response to silence. Remarkably, even in the presence of numerous interferences differing by only one base, we successfully achieve complete system reset through multiple cycles, effectively restoring the energy level to a minimum. SIGNIFICANCE The system was able to operate stably without any adverse effect under conditions of irregular interference, high-abundance interference, and even multiplex interferences including DNA and RNA crosstalk. This work not only provides an effective paradigm for constructing robust DNA dissipation systems but also greatly broadens the potential of DNA dissipation for applications in high-precision molecular recognition and complex biological reaction networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luojia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Wang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Zhi Weng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Zhongzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - You Wu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xiaole Han
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yujun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Guoming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
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11
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Gibson W, Mulvey JT, Das S, Selmani S, Merham JG, Rakowski AM, Schwartz E, Hochbaum AI, Guan Z, Green JR, Patterson JP. Observing the Dynamics of an Electrochemically Driven Active Material with Liquid Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11898-11909. [PMID: 38648551 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical liquid electron microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of nanomaterial dynamics by allowing for direct observation of their electrochemical production. This technique, primarily applied to inorganic materials, is now being used to explore the self-assembly dynamics of active molecular materials. Our study examines these dynamics across various scales, from the nanoscale behavior of individual fibers to the micrometer-scale hierarchical evolution of fiber clusters. To isolate the influences of the electron beam and electrical potential on material behavior, we conducted thorough beam-sample interaction analyses. Our findings reveal that the dynamics of these active materials at the nanoscale are shaped by their proximity to the electrode and the applied electrical current. By integrating electron microscopy observations with reaction-diffusion simulations, we uncover that local structures and their formation history play a crucial role in determining assembly rates. This suggests that the emergence of nonequilibrium structures can locally accelerate further structural development, offering insights into the behavior of active materials under electrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyeth Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Justin T Mulvey
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Swetamber Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Serxho Selmani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jovany G Merham
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alexander M Rakowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Eric Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Allon I Hochbaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jason R Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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12
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Bianco S, Wimberger L, Ben-Tal Y, Williams GT, Smith AJ, Beves JE, Adams DJ. Reversibly Tuning the Viscosity of Peptide-Based Solutions Using Visible Light. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400544. [PMID: 38407499 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Light can be used to design stimuli-responsive systems. We induce transient changes in the assembly of a low molecular weight gelator solution using a merocyanine photoacid. Through our approach, reversible viscosity changes can be achieved via irradiation, delivering systems where flow can be controlled non-invasively on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bianco
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Laura Wimberger
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yael Ben-Tal
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - George T Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Andrew J Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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13
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Bowley E, Liu W, Adams DJ, Squires AM. Soft Materials with Time-Programmed Changes in Physical Properties through Lyotropic Phase Transitions Induced by pH-Changing Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:19585-19593. [PMID: 38579106 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
We present the development of time-programmable functional soft materials. The materials undergo reversible phase transitions between lyotropic phases with different topologies and symmetries, which in turn have very different physical properties: viscosity, diffusion, and optical transparency. Here, this behavior is achieved by combining pH-responsive lyotropic phases made from the lipid monoolein doped with 10% oleic acid, with chemical reactions that have well-defined controllable kinetics: autocatalytic urea-urease and methyl formate hydrolysis, which increase and decrease pH, respectively. In this case, we use small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and optical imaging to show temporally controlled transitions between the cloudy hexagonal phase, which is a two-dimensional (2D) array of cylindrical inverse micelles, and the transparent, highly viscous three-dimensional (3D) bicontinuous cubic phases. By combining these into a single reaction mixture where the pH increases and then decreases again, we can induce a sequential transformation cycle from hexagonal to cubic and back to hexagonal over several hours. The sample therefore changes from cloudy to transparent and back again as a proof-of-concept demonstration for a wider range of soft materials with time-programmable changes in physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bowley
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Wanli Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Adam M Squires
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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14
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Zhao C, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Wu N, Wang H, Li T, Ouyang G, Liu M. Handedness-Inverted and Stimuli-Responsive Circularly Polarized Luminescent Nano/Micromaterials Through Pathway-Dependent Chiral Supramolecular Polymorphism. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403329. [PMID: 38625749 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The precise manipulation of supramolecular polymorphs has been widely applied to control the morphologies and functions of self-assemblies, but is rarely utilized for the fabrication of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials with tailored properties. Here, this work reports that an amphiphilic naphthalene-histidine compound (NIHis) readily self-assembled into distinct chiral nanostructures through pathway-dependent supramolecular polymorphism, which shows opposite and multistimuli responsive CPL signals. Specifically, NIHis display assembly-induced CPL from the polymorphic keto tautomer, which become predominant during enol-keto tautomerization shifting controlled by a bulk solvent effect. Interestingly, chiral polymorphs of nanofiber and microbelt with inverted CPL signals can be prepared from the same NIHis monomer in exactly the same solvent compositions and concentrations by only changing the temperature. The tunable CPL performance of the solid microbelts is realized under multi external physical or chemical stimuli including grinding, acid fuming, and heating. In particular, an emission color and CPL on-off switch based on the microbelt polymorph by reversible heating-cooling protocol is developed. This work brings a new approach for developing smart CPL materials via supramolecular polymorphism engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhao
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 North First Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 North First Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ningning Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 North First Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hanxiao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 North First Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 North First Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanghui Ouyang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 North First Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 North First Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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15
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Li L, Zheng R, Sun R. Understanding multicomponent low molecular weight gels from gelators to networks. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00126-7. [PMID: 38570015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The construction of gels from low molecular weight gelators (LMWG) has been extensively studied in the fields of bio-nanotechnology and other fields. However, the understanding gaps still prevent the prediction of LMWG from the full design of those gel systems. Gels with multicomponent become even more complicated because of the multiple interference effects coexist in the composite gel systems. AIM OF REVIEW This review emphasizes systems view on the understanding of multicomponent low molecular weight gels (MLMWGs), and summarizes recent progress on the construction of desired networks of MLMWGs, including self-sorting and co-assembly, as well as the challenges and approaches to understanding MLMWGs, with the hope that the opportunities from natural products and peptides can speed up the understanding process and close the gaps between the design and prediction of structures. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review is focused on three key concepts. Firstly, understanding the complicated multicomponent gels systems requires a systems perspective on MLMWGs. Secondly, several protocols can be applied to control self-sorting and co-assembly behaviors in those multicomponent gels system, including the certain complementary structures, chirality inducing and dynamic control. Thirdly, the discussion is anchored in challenges and strategies of understanding MLMWGs, and some examples are provided for the understanding of multicomponent gels constructed from small natural products and subtle designed short peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangchun Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Renlin Zheng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Rongqin Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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16
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Baretta R, Frasconi M. Electrically Powered Dissipative Hydrogel Networks Reveal Transient Stiffness Properties for Out-of-Equilibrium Operations. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7408-7418. [PMID: 38440849 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Living systems use dissipative processes to enable precise spatiotemporal control over various functions, including the transient modulation of the stiffness of tissues, which, however, is challenging to achieve in soft materials. Here, we report a new platform to program hydrogel films with tunable, time-dependent mechanical properties under out-of-equilibrium conditions, powered by electricity. We show that the lifetime of the transient network of a surface-confined hydrogel film can be effectively controlled by programming the generation of an electrochemically oxidized mediator in the presence of a chemical or photoreducing agent in solution. It is, therefore, electrically possible to direct the transient stiffening or softening of the hydrogel film, enabling high modularity of the material functions with precise spatiotemporal control. Temporally controlled operations of the hydrogel films are demonstrated for the on-demand, dose-controlled release of multiple model protein payloads from electrode arrays using the present electrically powered dissipative system. This demonstration of electrically driven transient modulation of the stiffness properties of hydrogel films represents an important step toward the engineering of dissipative materials for developing future biomedical applications that can harness the temporal, adaptive properties of this new class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Baretta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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17
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Nan M, Guo K, Jia T, Wang G, Liu S. Novel Acid-Driven Bioinspired Self-Resettable Bilayer Hydrogel Actuator Mimicking Natural Muscles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9224-9230. [PMID: 38335011 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Soft robots have great potential applications in manufacturing, disaster rescue, medical treatment, etc. Artificial muscle is one of the most important components of a soft robot. In previous years, hydrogel actuators that can be controllably deformed by the stimuli of external signals have been developed as good candidates for muscle-like materials. In this article, we successfully prepared a chemical fuel-driven self-resettable bilayer hydrogel actuator mimicking natural muscles with the aid of a new negative feedback reaction network. The actuator can temporarily deform upon the addition of H+ (chemical fuel). Subsequently, H+ accelerated the reaction between BrO3- and Fe(CN)64-, which consume H+. It resulted in the spontaneous recovery of the pH as well as the shape of the actuator. Such an actuator exhibits a great similarity with natural muscles in actuation mechanisms and automaticity in the manipulation compared to the widely reported stimuli-responsive hydrogel actuators. This illustrates that fuel-driven self-resettable hydrogel is a promising dynamic material for mimicking the functions of living creatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Nan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Kangle Guo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jia
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangtong Wang
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqin Liu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, People's Republic of China
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18
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Pal S, Saha B, Das D. Temporal (Dis)Assembly of Peptide Nanostructures Dictated by Native Multistep Catalytic Transformations. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2250-2256. [PMID: 38329289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Emergence of complex catalytic machinery via simple building blocks under non-equilibrium conditions can contribute toward the system level understanding of the extant biocatalytic reaction network that fuels metabolism. Herein, we report temporal (dis)assembly of peptide nanostructures in presence of a cofactor dictated by native multistep cascade transformations. The short peptide can form a dynamic covalent bond with the thermodynamically activated substrate and recruit cofactor hemin to access non-equilibrium catalytic nanostructures (positive feedback). The neighboring imidazole and hemin moieties in the assembled state rapidly converted the substrate to product(s) via a two-step cascade reaction (hydrolase-peroxidase like) that subsequently triggered the disassembly of the catalytic nanostructures (negative feedback). The feedback coupled reaction cycle involving intrinsic catalytic prowess of short peptides to realize the advanced trait of two-stage cascade degradation of a thermodynamically activated substrate foreshadows the complex non-equilibrium protometabolic networks that might have preceded the chemical emergence of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences & Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Bapan Saha
- Department of Chemical Sciences & Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Dibyendu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences & Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
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19
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Fu H, Cao N, Zeng W, Liao M, Yao S, Zhou J, Zhang W. Pumping Small Molecules Selectively through an Energy-Assisted Assembling Process at Nonequilibrium States. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3323-3330. [PMID: 38273768 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In living organisms, precise control over the spatial and temporal distribution of molecules, including pheromones, is crucial. This level of control is equally important for the development of artificial active materials. In this study, we successfully controlled the distribution of small molecules in the system at nonequilibrium states by actively transporting them, even against the apparent concentration gradient, with high selectivity. As a demonstration, in the aqueous solution of acid orange (AO7) and TMC10COOH, we found that AO7 molecules can coassemble with transient anhydride (TMC10CO)2O to form larger assemblies in the presence of chemical fuel 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). This led to a decrease in local free AO7 concentration and caused AO7 molecules from other locations in the solution to move toward the assemblies. Consequently, AO7 accumulates at the location where EDC was injected. By continuously injecting EDC, we could maintain a stable high value of the apparent AO7 concentration at the injection point. We also observed that this process which operated at nonequilibrium states exhibited high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Fu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Nengjie Cao
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wang Zeng
- National Centre for Inorganic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Min Liao
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shenglin Yao
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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20
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Umesh, Ralhan J, Kumar V, Bhatt H, Nath D, Mavlankar NA, Ghosh HN, Pal A. Thermo-Chemical Cues-Mediated Strategy to Control Peptide Self-Assembly and Charge Transfer Complexation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2754-2763. [PMID: 38275136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) are known for their remarkable ability to undergo molecular self-assembly, a process that is highly responsive to the local microenvironment. Herein, we design a pyrene tethered peptide amphiphile Py-VFFAKK, 1 that exhibits pathway-driven self-assembly from metastable nanoparticles to kinetically controlled nanofibers and thermodynamically stable twisted bundles upon modulations in pH, temperature, and chemical cues. The presence of the pyrene moiety ensures donation of the electron to an electron acceptor, namely, 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), to form a supramolecular charge transfer complex in aqueous solution that was studied in detail with microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Excitation of the donor species in its excimer state facilitates electron donation to the acceptor moiety, paving away a long-lived charge-separated state that persists for over a nanosecond, as ascertained through transient absorption spectroscopy. Finally, the self-assembled charge transfer complex is explored toward antimicrobial properties with Escherichia coli while maintaining biocompatibility toward L929 mice fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Jahanvi Ralhan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Himanshu Bhatt
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Debasish Nath
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Nimisha A Mavlankar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Hirendra N Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Asish Pal
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
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21
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Skene KR. Systems theory, thermodynamics and life: Integrated thinking across ecology, organization and biological evolution. Biosystems 2024; 236:105123. [PMID: 38244715 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
In this paper we explore the relevance and integration of system theory and thermodynamics in terms of the Earth system. It is proposed that together, these fields explain the evolution, organization, functionality and directionality of life on Earth. We begin by summarizing historical and current thinking on the definition of life itself. We then investigate the evidence for a single unit of life. Given that any definition of life and its levels of organization are intertwined, we explore how the Earth system is structured and functions from an energetic perspective, by outlining relevant thermodynamic theory relating to molecular, metabolic, cellular, individual, population, species, ecosystem and biome organization. We next investigate the fundamental relationships between systems theory and thermodynamics in terms of the Earth system, examining the key characteristics of self-assembly, self-organization (including autonomy), emergence, non-linearity, feedback and sub-optimality. Finally, we examine the relevance of systems theory and thermodynamics with reference to two specific aspects: the tempo and directionality of evolution and the directional and predictable process of ecological succession. We discuss the importance of the entropic drive in understanding altruism, multicellularity, mutualistic and antagonistic relationships and how maximum entropy production theory may explain patterns thought to evidence the intermediate disturbance hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Skene
- Biosphere Research Institute, Angus, United Kingdom.
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22
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Zhang X, Mao L, He R, Shi Y, Li L, Li S, Zhu C, Zhang Y, Ma D. Tunable cyclic operation of dissipative molecular switches based on anion recognition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1180-1183. [PMID: 38193867 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05912j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Artificial dissipative molecular switches based on anion recognition are of great importance to simulate biological functions and construct smart materials. Five activated carboxylic acids are used as chemical fuels for dissipative molecular switches, which consist of an imidazolium macrocyclic host and a carboxylate anionic guest. By choosing different types of chemical fuels and using varied fuel concentrations, the rates of cyclic operations are tunable. The operation is capable of undergoing at least three cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Lijun Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Rongjing He
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Yanting Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Lingyi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Chenghao Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Da Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
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23
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Gabrielli L, Goldin L, Chandrabhas S, Dalla Valle A, Prins LJ. Chemical Information Processing by a Responsive Chemical System. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2080-2088. [PMID: 38214581 PMCID: PMC10811666 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Nature has an extraordinary capacity to precisely regulate the chemical reactivity in a highly complex mixture of molecules that is present in the cell. External stimuli lead to transient up- and downregulation of chemical reactions and provide a means for a cell to process information arriving from the environment. The development of synthetic chemical systems with life-like properties requires strategies that allow likewise control over chemical reactivity in a complex environment. Here, we show a synthetic system that mimics the initial steps that take place when a natural signal transduction pathway is activated. Monophosphate nucleosides act as chemical triggers for the self-assembly of nanoreactors that upregulate chemical reactions between reagents present at low micromolar concentrations. Different nucleotides template different assemblies and hence activate different pathways, thus establishing a distinct connection between input and output molecules. Trigger-induced upregulation of chemical reactivity occurs for only a limited amount of time because the chemical triggers are gradually removed from the system by enzymes. It is shown that the same system transiently produces different output molecules depending on the chemical input that is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gabrielli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Goldin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Sushmitha Chandrabhas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Andrea Dalla Valle
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Leonard J. Prins
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
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24
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Hurst PJ, Mulvey JT, Bone RA, Selmani S, Hudson RF, Guan Z, Green JR, Patterson JP. CryoEM reveals the complex self-assembly of a chemically driven disulfide hydrogel. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1106-1116. [PMID: 38239701 PMCID: PMC10793653 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05790a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the adaptability of biological materials, a variety of synthetic, chemically driven self-assembly processes have been developed that result in the transient formation of supramolecular structures. These structures form through two simultaneous reactions, forward and backward, which generate and consume a molecule that undergoes self-assembly. The dynamics of these assembly processes have been shown to differ from conventional thermodynamically stable molecular assemblies. However, the evolution of nanoscale morphologies in chemically driven self-assembly and how they compare to conventional assemblies has not been resolved. Here, we use a chemically driven redox system to separately carry out the forward and backward reactions. We analyze the forward and backward reactions both sequentially and synchronously with time-resolved cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoEM). Quantitative image analysis shows that the synchronous process is more complex and heterogeneous than the sequential process. Our key finding is that a thermodynamically unstable stacked nanorod phase, briefly observed in the backward reaction, is sustained for ∼6 hours in the synchronous process. Kinetic Monte Carlo modeling show that the synchronous process is driven by multiple cycles of assembly and disassembly. The collective data suggest that chemically driven self-assembly can create sustained morphologies not seen in thermodynamically stable assemblies by kinetically stabilizing transient intermediates. This finding provides plausible design principles to develop and optimize supramolecular materials with novel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Joshua Hurst
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Justin T Mulvey
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Rebecca A Bone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts 02125 USA
| | - Serxho Selmani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Redford F Hudson
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Jason R Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts 02125 USA
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts 02125 USA
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
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25
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Li S, Zhao D, Yang F, Liu S. Dynamic monitoring of an enzymatically driven dissipative toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:570-573. [PMID: 38093688 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05061k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A general strategy to program self-resettable and dissipative toehold-mediated strand displacement reactions was proposed, using DNA strands as the fuel and lambda exonuclease as the fuel-consuming unit. This non-equilibrium system is reversible and temporally controllable. Furthermore, it can be well integrated into a DNA network to temporally control its cascade reaction or dynamic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Disong Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Fangfang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Shufeng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China.
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26
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Wang H, Song Y, Wang W, Chen N, Hu B, Liu X, Zhang Z, Yu Z. Organelle-Mediated Dissipative Self-Assembly of Peptides in Living Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:330-341. [PMID: 38113388 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Implementing dissipative assembly in living systems is meaningful for creation of living materials or even artificial life. However, intracellular dissipative assembly remains scarce and is significantly impeded by the challenges lying in precisely operating chemical reaction cycles under complex physiological conditions. Here, we develop organelle-mediated dissipative self-assembly of peptides in living cells fueled by GSH, via the design of a mitochondrion-targeting and redox-responsive hexapeptide. While the hexapeptide undergoes efficient redox-responsive self-assembly, the addition of GSH into the peptide solution in the presence of mitochondrion-biomimetic liposomes containing hydrogen peroxide allows for transient assembly of peptides. Internalization of the peptide by LPS-stimulated macrophages leads to the self-assembly of the peptide driven by GSH reduction and the association of the peptide assemblies with mitochondria. The association facilitates reversible oxidation of the reduced peptide by mitochondrion-residing ROS and thereby dissociates the peptide from mitochondria to re-enter the cytoplasm for GSH reduction. The metastable peptide-mitochondrion complexes prevent the thermodynamically equilibrated self-assembly, thus establishing dissipative assembly of peptides in stimulated macrophages. The entire dissipative self-assembling process allows for elimination of elevated ROS and decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Creating dissipative self-assembling systems assisted by internal structures provides new avenues for the development of living materials or medical agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanqiu Song
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Weishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ninglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Binbin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
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27
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Chevigny R, Rahkola H, Sitsanidis ED, Korhonen E, Hiscock JR, Pettersson M, Nissinen M. Solvent-Induced Transient Self-Assembly of Peptide Gels: Gelator-Solvent Reactions and Material Properties Correlation. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:407-416. [PMID: 38222938 PMCID: PMC10782441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we introduce a new methodology for designing transient organogels that offers tunability of the mechanical properties simply by matching the protective groups of the precursor to that of the solvent. We developed solvent-induced transient materials in which the solvent chemically participates in a set of reactions and actively supports the assembly event. The activation of a single precursor by an acid (accelerator) yields the formation of two distinct gelators and induces gelation. The interconversion cycle is supplied by the secondary solvent (originating from hydrolysis of the primary solvent by the accelerator), which then progressively solubilizes the gel network. We show that this gelation method offers a direct correlation between the mechanical and transient properties by modifying the chemical structure of the precursors and the presence of an accelerator in the system. Such a method paves the way for the design of self-abolishing and mechanically tunable materials for targeted purposes. The biocompatibility and versatility of amino acid-based gelators can offer a wide range of biomaterials for applications requiring a controllable and definite lifetime such as drug delivery platforms exhibiting a burst release or self-abolishing cell culture substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Chevigny
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Henna Rahkola
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Efstratios D. Sitsanidis
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elsa Korhonen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jennifer R. Hiscock
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, U.K.
| | - Mika Pettersson
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Maija Nissinen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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28
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Llopis-Lorente A, Schotman MJG, Humeniuk HV, van Hest JCM, Dankers PYW, Abdelmohsen LKEA. Artificial cells with viscoadaptive behavior based on hydrogel-loaded giant unilamellar vesicles. Chem Sci 2024; 15:629-638. [PMID: 38179539 PMCID: PMC10763548 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04687g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Viscoadaptation is an essential process in natural cells, where supramolecular interactions between cytosolic components drive adaptation of the cellular mechanical features to regulate metabolic function. This important relationship between mechanical properties and function has until now been underexplored in artificial cell research. Here, we have created an artificial cell platform that exploits internal supramolecular interactions to display viscoadaptive behavior. As supramolecular material to mimic the cytosolic component of these artificial cells, we employed a pH-switchable hydrogelator based on poly(ethylene glycol) coupled to ureido-pyrimidinone units. The hydrogelator was membranized in its sol state in giant unilamellar lipid vesicles to include a cell-membrane mimetic component. The resulting hydrogelator-loaded giant unilamellar vesicles (designated as HL-GUVs) displayed reversible pH-switchable sol-gel behavior through multiple cycles. Furthermore, incorporation of the regulatory enzyme urease enabled us to increase the cytosolic pH upon conversion of its substrate urea. The system was able to switch between a high viscosity (at neutral pH) and a low viscosity (at basic pH) state upon addition of substrate. Finally, viscoadaptation was achieved via the incorporation of a second enzyme of which the activity was governed by the viscosity of the artificial cell. This work represents a new approach to install functional self-regulation in artificial cells, and opens new possibilities for the creation of complex artificial cells that mimic the structural and functional interplay found in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Llopis-Lorente
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14, Eindhoven 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València Camino de Vera s/n 46022 València Spain
| | - Maaike J G Schotman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Het Kranenveld 14 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14, Eindhoven 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Heorhii V Humeniuk
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14, Eindhoven 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Het Kranenveld 14 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14, Eindhoven 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y W Dankers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Het Kranenveld 14 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14, Eindhoven 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Loai K E A Abdelmohsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14, Eindhoven 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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29
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Benchimol E, Tessarolo J, Clever GH. Photoswitchable coordination cages. Nat Chem 2024; 16:13-21. [PMID: 38182764 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive behaviour is key to the design of smart materials, surfaces, nano-systems and effector molecules, allowing their application as switchable catalysts, molecular transporters, bioimaging probes or caged drugs. Supramolecular chemistry has embraced the widespread integration of photoswitches because of their precise spatiotemporal addressability and waste-free nature. In the vibrant area of discrete metal-mediated self-assembly, however, photoswitches are still rarely employed. Only recently has it been shown that embedding photoswitches into the organic backbones of coordination cages enables control of their host and material properties and thus unlocks the hitherto unexploited dynamic adaptivity of such systems. Here we discuss four cases where triggering ligand-integrated photoswitches leads to (1) control over disassembly/reassembly, (2) bi-stable switching between defined states, (3) interplay with thermal processes in metastable systems and (4) light-fuelled dissipative self-assembly. We highlight first clues concerning the relationship between fundamental photophysics and dynamic assembly equilibria and propose directions for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Benchimol
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jacopo Tessarolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
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30
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Prasser Q, Fuhs T, Torger B, Neubert R, Brendler E, Vogt C, Mertens F, Plamper FA. Nonequilibrium Colloids: Temperature-Induced Bouquet Formation of Flower-like Micelles as a Time-Domain-Shifting Macromolecular Heat Alert. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:57950-57959. [PMID: 37676903 PMCID: PMC10739602 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change requires enhanced autonomous temperature monitoring during logistics/transport. A cheap approach comprises the use of temperature-sensitive copolymers that undergo temperature-induced irreversible coagulation. The synthesis/characterization of pentablock copolymers (PBCP) starting from poloxamer PEO130-b-PPO44-b-PEO130 (poly(ethylene oxide)130-b-poly(propylene oxide)44-b-poly(ethylene oxide)130) and adding two terminal qPDMAEMA85 (quaternized poly[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]85) blocks is presented. Mixing of PBCP solutions with hexacyanoferrate(III)/ferricyanide solutions leads to a reduction of the decane/water interfacial tension accompanied by a co/self-assembly toward flower-like micelles in cold water because of the formation of an insoluble/hydrophobic qPDMAEMA/ferricyanide complex. In cold water, the PEO/PPO blocks provide colloidal stability over months. In hot water, the temperature-responsive PPO block is dehydrated, leading to a pronounced temperature dependence of the oil-water interfacial tension. In solution, the sticky PPO segments exposed at the micellar corona cause a colloidal clustering above a certain threshold temperature, which follows Smoluchowski-type kinetics. This coagulation remains for months even after cooling, indicating the presence of a kinetically trapped nonequilibrium state for at least one of the observed micellar structures. Therefore, the system memorizes a previous suffering of heat. This phenomenon is linked to an exchange of qPDMAEMA-blocks bridging the micellar cores after PPO-induced clustering. The addition of ferrous ions hampers the exchange, leading to the reversible coagulation of Prussian blue loaded micelles. Hence, the Fe2+ addition causes a shift from history monitoring to the sensing of the present temperature. Presumably, the system can be adapted for different temperatures in order to monitor transport and storage in a simple way. Hence, these polymeric "flowers" could contribute to preventing waste and sustaining the quality of goods (e.g., food) by temperature-induced bouquet formation, where an irreversible exchange of "tentacles" between the flowers stabilizes the bouquet at other temperatures as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quirin Prasser
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Thomas Fuhs
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Bernhard Torger
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Richard Neubert
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Erica Brendler
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie
Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Carla Vogt
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie
Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Florian Mertens
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
- Center
for Efficient High Temperature Processes and Materials Conversion
ZeHS, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Winklerstraße 5, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Felix A. Plamper
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
- Center
for Efficient High Temperature Processes and Materials Conversion
ZeHS, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Winklerstraße 5, Freiberg 09599, Germany
- Freiberg
Center for Water Research ZeWaF, TU Bergakademie
Freiberg, Winklerstraße 5, Freiberg 09599, Germany
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31
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Insua I, Cardellini A, Díaz S, Bergueiro J, Capelli R, Pavan GM, Montenegro J. Self-assembly of cyclic peptide monolayers by hydrophobic supramolecular hinges. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14074-14081. [PMID: 38098728 PMCID: PMC10717465 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03930g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular polymerisation of two-dimensional (2D) materials requires monomers with non-covalent binding motifs that can control the directionality of both dimensions of growth. A tug of war between these propagation forces can bias polymerisation in either direction, ultimately determining the structure and properties of the final 2D ensemble. Deconvolution of the assembly dynamics of 2D supramolecular systems has been widely overlooked, making monomer design largely empirical. It is thus key to define new design principles for suitable monomers that allow the control of the direction and the dynamics of two-dimensional self-assembled architectures. Here, we investigate the sequential assembly mechanism of new monolayer architectures of cyclic peptide nanotubes by computational simulations and synthesised peptide sequences with selected mutations. Rationally designed cyclic peptide scaffolds are shown to undergo hierarchical self-assembly and afford monolayers of supramolecular nanotubes. The particular geometry, the rigidity and the planar conformation of cyclic peptides of alternating chirality allow the orthogonal orientation of hydrophobic domains that define lateral supramolecular contacts, and ultimately direct the propagation of the monolayers of peptide nanotubes. A flexible 'tryptophan hinge' at the hydrophobic interface was found to allow lateral dynamic interactions between cyclic peptides and thus maintain the stability of the tubular monolayer structure. These results unfold the potential of cyclic peptide scaffolds for the rational design of supramolecular polymerisation processes and hierarchical self-assembly across the different dimensions of space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Insua
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15705 Spain
- I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
| | - Annalisa Cardellini
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino 10129 Torino Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Polo Universitario Lugano 6962 Lugano-Viganello Switzerland
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15705 Spain
| | - Julian Bergueiro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15705 Spain
| | - Riccardo Capelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino 10129 Torino Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Polo Universitario Lugano 6962 Lugano-Viganello Switzerland
| | - Javier Montenegro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15705 Spain
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32
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Baluna A, Dommaschk M, Groh B, Kassem S, Leigh DA, Tetlow DJ, Thomas D, Varela López L. Switched "On" Transient Fluorescence Output from a Pulsed-Fuel Molecular Ratchet. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27113-27119. [PMID: 38047919 PMCID: PMC10722508 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and operation of a molecular energy ratchet that transports a crown ether from solution onto a thread, along the axle, over a fluorophore, and off the other end of the thread back into bulk solution, all in response to a single pulse of a chemical fuel (CCl3CO2H). The fluorophore is a pyrene residue whose fluorescence is normally prevented by photoinduced electron transfer (PET) to a nearby N-methyltriazolium group. However, crown ether binding to the N-methyltriazolium site inhibits the PET, switching on pyrene fluorescence under UV irradiation. Each pulse of fuel results in a single ratchet cycle of transient fluorescence (encompassing threading, transport to the N-methyltriazolium site, and then dethreading), with the onset of the fluorescent time period determined by the amount of fuel in each pulse and the end-point determined by the concentration of the reagents for the disulfide exchange reaction. The system provides a potential alternative signaling approach for artificial molecular machines that read symbols from sequence-encoded molecular tapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei
S. Baluna
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Marcel Dommaschk
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Burkhard Groh
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Salma Kassem
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - David A. Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Daniel J. Tetlow
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Dean Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Loli Varela López
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
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33
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Dai K, Pol MD, Saile L, Sharma A, Liu B, Thomann R, Trefs JL, Qiu D, Moser S, Wiesler S, Balzer BN, Hugel T, Jessen HJ, Pappas CG. Spontaneous and Selective Peptide Elongation in Water Driven by Aminoacyl Phosphate Esters and Phase Changes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26086-26094. [PMID: 37992133 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Nature chose phosphates to activate amino acids, where reactive intermediates and complex machinery drive the construction of polyamides. Outside of biology, the pathways and mechanisms that allow spontaneous and selective peptide elongation in aqueous abiotic systems remain unclear. Herein we work to uncover those pathways by following the systems chemistry of aminoacyl phosphate esters, synthetic counterparts of aminoacyl adenylates. The phosphate esters act as solubility tags, making hydrophobic amino acids and their oligomers soluble in water and enabling selective elongation and different pathways to emerge. Thus, oligomers up to dodecamers were synthesized in one flask and on the minute time scale, where consecutive additions activated autonomous phase changes. Depending on the pathway, the resulting phases initially carry nonpolar peptides and amphiphilic oligomers containing phosphate esters. During elongation and phosphate release, shorter oligomers dominate in solution, while the aggregated phase favors the presence of longer oligomers due to their self-assembly propensity. Furthermore we demonstrated that the solution phases can be isolated and act as a new environment for continuous elongation, by adding various phosphate esters. These findings suggest that the systems chemistry of aminoacyl phosphate esters can activate a selection mechanism for peptide bond formation by merging aqueous synthesis and self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Dai
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT─Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mahesh D Pol
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT─Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lenard Saile
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT─Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arti Sharma
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johanna L Trefs
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT─Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Danye Qiu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Moser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiesler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bizan N Balzer
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT─Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hugel
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT─Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Henning J Jessen
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT─Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Charalampos G Pappas
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT─Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Tang J, Cheng Y, Ding M, Wang C. Bio-Inspired Far-From-Equilibrium Hydrogels: Design Principles and Applications. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300449. [PMID: 37787015 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Inspired from dynamic living systems that operate under out-of-equilibrium conditions in biology, developing supramolecular hydrogels with self-regulating and autonomously dynamic properties to further advance adaptive hydrogels with life-like behavior is important. This review presents recent progress of bio-inspired supramolecular hydrogels out-of-equilibrium. The principle of out-of-equilibrium self-assembly for creating bio-inspired hydrogels is discussed. Various design strategies have been identified, such as chemical-driven reaction cycles with feedback control and physically oscillatory systems. These strategies can be coupled with hydrogels to achieve temporal and spatial control over structural and mechanical properties as well as programmable lifetime. These studies open up huge opportunities for potential applications, such as fluidic guidance, information storage, drug delivery, actuators and more. Finally, we address the challenges ahead of us in the coming years, and future possibilities and prospects are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Tang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Yibo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Muhua Ding
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, 401120, China
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Chen J, Wang H, Long F, Bai S, Wang Y. Dynamic supramolecular hydrogels mediated by chemical reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14236-14248. [PMID: 37964743 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04353c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly in a biological system is usually dominated by sophisticated metabolic processes (chemical reactions) such as catalysis of enzymes and consumption of high energy chemicals, leading to groups of biomolecules with unique dynamics and functions in an aqueous environment. In recent years, increasing efforts have been made to couple chemical reactions to molecular self-assembly, with the aim of creating supramolecular materials with lifelike properties and functions. In this feature article, after summarising the work of chemical reaction mediated supramolecular hydrogels, we first focus on a typical example where dynamic self-assembly of molecular hydrogels is activated by in situ formation of a hydrazone bond in water. We discuss how the formation of the hydrazone-based supramolecular hydrogels can be controlled in time and space. After that, we describe transient assembly of supramolecular hydrogels powered by out-of-equilibrium chemical reaction networks regulated by chemical fuels, which show unique properties such as finite lifetime, dynamic structures, and regenerative capabilities. Finally, we provide a perspective on the future investigations that need to be done urgently, which range from fundamental research to real-life applications of dynamic supramolecular hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Hucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Long
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Shengyu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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Sangchai T, Al Shehimy S, Penocchio E, Ragazzon G. Artificial Molecular Ratchets: Tools Enabling Endergonic Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309501. [PMID: 37545196 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-equilibrium chemical systems underpin multiple domains of contemporary interest, including supramolecular chemistry, molecular machines, systems chemistry, prebiotic chemistry, and energy transduction. Experimental chemists are now pioneering the realization of artificial systems that can harvest energy away from equilibrium. In this tutorial Review, we provide an overview of artificial molecular ratchets: the chemical mechanisms enabling energy absorption from the environment. By focusing on the mechanism type-rather than the application domain or energy source-we offer a unifying picture of seemingly disparate phenomena, which we hope will foster progress in this fascinating domain of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiporn Sangchai
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Shaymaa Al Shehimy
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emanuele Penocchio
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Giulio Ragazzon
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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Mukhopadhyay RD, Ajayaghosh A. Metallosupramolecular polymers: current status and future prospects. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37962512 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00692a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Metallo-supramolecular polymers have gained increasing attention and witnessed continuous development as a vibrant new research interest in the domain of soft materials. These nonconventional polymers have found widespread application in materials and biology owing to their well-defined and diversified topologies and the distinct dynamic nature of the metallosupramolecular interactions against various stimuli. Because of the intriguing redox, photonic, electronic, and magnetic properties, these stimuli-responsive supramolecular structures have attracted considerable interest for optoelectronic device fabrication. However, it still remains challenging to develop stimuli responsive systems with offbeat applications. Furthermore, achieving spatiotemporal control remains elusive with thermoresponsive and sono-responsive metallosupramolecular polymers, which encounter the disadvantage of poor precision control. Additionally, controlling the morphology of these soft materials on the mesoscale, both in solution and on substrates, has many challenges. In this review, we discuss the recent developments and future directions for the construction of stimuli responsive metallosupramolecular systems targeting practical applications. Furthermore, we discuss the synthetic methodologies that have been used to regulate the mesoscale morphology of these materials, such as coordination modulation and pseudomorphic replication. Finally, we briefly cover the burgeoning field of programmed synthesis of metallosupramolecular polymers, emphasizing techniques, such as living polymerization and chemical fuel-driven transiently active systems, which we believe will be the major research directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Dev Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Ramananda College, Bishnupur, Bankura 722122, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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Jensen SK, Neumann MS, Frederiksen R, Skavenborg ML, Larsen MC, Wessel SE, Jeppesen JO. Mechanistic studies of isomeric [2]rotaxanes consisting of two different tetrathiafulvalene units reveal that the movement of cyclobis(paraquat- p-phenylene) can be controlled. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12366-12378. [PMID: 37969595 PMCID: PMC10631196 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04408d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the movement in artificial molecular machines is a key challenge that needs to be solved before their full potential can be harnessed. In this study, two isomeric tri-stable [2]rotaxanes 1·4PF6 and 2·4PF6 incorporating both a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and a monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene (MPTTF) unit in the dumbbell component have been synthesised to measure the energy barriers when the tetracationic cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT4+) ring moves across either a TTF2+ or an MPTTF2+ dication. By strategically exchanging one of the thiomethyl barriers on either the TTF unit or the MPTTF unit with the bulkier thioethyl group, the movement of the CBPQT4+ ring in 14+ and 24+ can be controlled to take place in only one direction upon tetra-oxidation. Cyclic voltammetry and 1H NMR spectroscopy were used to investigate the switching mechanism and it was found that upon tetra-oxidation of 14+ and 24+, the CBPQT4+ ring moves first to a position where it is located between the TTF2+ and MPTTF2+ dications producing high-energy co-conformations which slowly interconvert into thermodynamically more stable co-conformations. The kinetics of the movement occurring in the tetra-oxidised [2]rotaxanes 18+ and 28+ were studied at different temperatures allowing the free energy of the transition state, when CBPQT4+ moves across TTF2+ (21.5 kcal mol-1) and MPTTF2+ (20.3 kcal mol-1) at 298 K, to be determined. These results demonstrate for the first time that the combination of a TTF and an MPTTF unit can be used to induce directional movement of the CBPQT4+ ring in molecular machines with a 90% efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie K Jensen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 5230 Odense Denmark
| | - Mathias S Neumann
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 5230 Odense Denmark
| | - Rikke Frederiksen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 5230 Odense Denmark
| | - Mathias L Skavenborg
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 5230 Odense Denmark
| | - Mads C Larsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 5230 Odense Denmark
| | - Stinne E Wessel
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 5230 Odense Denmark
| | - Jan O Jeppesen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 5230 Odense Denmark
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Arango-Restrepo A, Barragán D, Rubi JM. Variations in activation energy and nuclei size during nucleation explain chiral symmetry breaking. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29032-29041. [PMID: 37860883 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03220e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
We show that variations in enantiomer nuclei size and activation energy during the nucleation stage of crystallization are responsible for the chiral symmetry breaking resulting in excess of one of the possible enantiomers with respect to the other. By understanding the crystallisation process as a non-equilibrium self-assembly process, we quantify the enantiomeric excess through the probability distribution of the nuclei size and activation energy variations which are obtained from the free energy involved in the nucleation stage of crystallisation. We validate our theory by comparing it to Kondepudi et al. previous experimental work on sodium chlorate crystallisation. The results demonstrate that the self-assembly of enantiomeric crystals provides an explanation for chiral symmetry breaking. These findings could have practical applications for improving the production of enantiopure drugs in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as for enhancing our understanding of the origins of life since enantiomeric amino acids and monosaccharides are the building blocks of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arango-Restrepo
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - D Barragán
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 65 No 59A-110, Bloque 16, Núcleo El Volador, 050034 Medellín, Colombia
| | - J M Rubi
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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You L. Dual reactivity based dynamic covalent chemistry: mechanisms and applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12943-12958. [PMID: 37772969 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04022d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) focuses on the reversible formation, breakage, and exchange of covalent bonds and assemblies, setting a bridge between irreversible organic synthesis and supramolecular chemistry and finding wide utility. In order to enhance structural and functional diversity and complexity, different types of dynamic covalent reactions (DCRs) are placed in one vessel, encompassing orthogonal DCC without crosstalk and communicating DCC with a shared reactive functional group. As a means of adding tautomers, widespread in chemistry, to interconnected DCRs and combining the features of orthogonal and communicating DCRs, a concept of dual reactivity based DCC and underlying structural and mechanistic insights are summarized. The manipulation of the distinct reactivity of structurally diverse ring-chain tautomers allows selective activation and switching of reaction pathways and corresponding DCRs (C-N, C-O, and C-S) and assemblies. The coupling with photoswitches further enables light-mediated formation and scission of multiple types of reversible covalent bonds. To showcase the capability of dual reactivity based DCC, the versatile applications in dynamic polymers and luminescent materials are presented, paving the way for future functionalization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
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41
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Nogal N, Sanz-Sánchez M, Vela-Gallego S, Ruiz-Mirazo K, de la Escosura A. The protometabolic nature of prebiotic chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7359-7388. [PMID: 37855729 PMCID: PMC10614573 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00594a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The field of prebiotic chemistry has been dedicated over decades to finding abiotic routes towards the molecular components of life. There is nowadays a handful of prebiotically plausible scenarios that enable the laboratory synthesis of most amino acids, fatty acids, simple sugars, nucleotides and core metabolites of extant living organisms. The major bottleneck then seems to be the self-organization of those building blocks into systems that can self-sustain. The purpose of this tutorial review is having a close look, guided by experimental research, into the main synthetic pathways of prebiotic chemistry, suggesting how they could be wired through common intermediates and catalytic cycles, as well as how recursively changing conditions could help them engage in self-organized and dissipative networks/assemblies (i.e., systems that consume chemical or physical energy from their environment to maintain their internal organization in a dynamic steady state out of equilibrium). In the article we also pay attention to the implications of this view for the emergence of homochirality. The revealed connectivity between those prebiotic routes should constitute the basis for a robust research program towards the bottom-up implementation of protometabolic systems, taken as a central part of the origins-of-life problem. In addition, this approach should foster further exploration of control mechanisms to tame the combinatorial explosion that typically occurs in mixtures of various reactive precursors, thus regulating the functional integration of their respective chemistries into self-sustaining protocellular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Nogal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marcos Sanz-Sánchez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sonia Vela-Gallego
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kepa Ruiz-Mirazo
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Philosophy, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Andrés de la Escosura
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Wang H, Fu X, Gu G, Bai S, Li R, Zhong W, Guo X, Eelkema R, van Esch JH, Cao Z, Wang Y. Dynamic Growth of Macroscopically Structured Supramolecular Hydrogels through Orchestrated Reaction-Diffusion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310162. [PMID: 37671694 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms are capable of dynamically changing their structures for adaptive functions through sophisticated reaction-diffusion processes. Here we show how active supramolecular hydrogels with programmable lifetimes and macroscopic structures can be created by relying on a simple reaction-diffusion strategy. Two hydrogel precursors (poly(acrylic acid) PAA/CaCl2 and Na2 CO3 ) diffuse from different locations and generate amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) nanoparticles at the diffusional fronts, leading to the formation of hydrogel structures driven by electrostatic interactions between PAA and ACC nanoparticles. Interestingly, the formed hydrogels are capable of autonomously disintegrating over time because of a delayed influx of electrostatic-interaction inhibitors (NaCl). The hydrogel growth process is well explained by a reaction-diffusion model which offers a theoretical means to program the dynamic growth of structured hydrogels. Furthermore, we demonstrate a conceptual access to dynamic information storage in soft materials using the developed reaction-diffusion strategy. This work may serve as a starting point for the development of life-like materials with adaptive structures and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Fu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Guanyao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Shengyu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Runlai Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Weimin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H van Esch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Zhixing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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Ren Z, Zhang N, Wu Y, Ding X, Yang X, Kong Y, Xing H. Facet-controlled assembly for organizing metal-organic framework particles into extended structures. iScience 2023; 26:107867. [PMID: 37766967 PMCID: PMC10520824 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline porous materials characterized by their high porosity and chemical tailorability. To realize the full potential of synthesized MOFs, it is important to transform them from crystalline solid powders into materials with integrated morphologies and properties. One promising approach is facet-controlled assembly, which involves arranging individual crystalline MOF particles into ordered macroscale structures by carefully controlling the interactions between particles. The resulting assembled MOF structures maintain the characteristics of individual particles while also exhibiting improved properties overall. In this article, we emphasize the essential concepts of MOF assembly, highlighting the impact of building blocks, surface interactions, and Gibbs free energy on the assembly process. We systematically examine three methods of guiding facet-controlled MOF assembly, including spontaneous assembly, assembly guided by external forces, and assembly through surface modifications. Lastly, we offer outlooks on future advancements in the fabrication of MOF-based material and potential application exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Ren
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xue Ding
- School of Design and Art, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xiaoxin Yang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yuhan Kong
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Hang Xing
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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Bergmann AM, Bauermann J, Bartolucci G, Donau C, Stasi M, Holtmannspötter AL, Jülicher F, Weber CA, Boekhoven J. Liquid spherical shells are a non-equilibrium steady state of active droplets. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6552. [PMID: 37848445 PMCID: PMC10582082 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation yields spherical droplets that eventually coarsen to one large, stable droplet governed by the principle of minimal free energy. In chemically fueled phase separation, the formation of phase-separating molecules is coupled to a fuel-driven, non-equilibrium reaction cycle. It thus yields dissipative structures sustained by a continuous fuel conversion. Such dissipative structures are ubiquitous in biology but are poorly understood as they are governed by non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Here, we bridge the gap between passive, close-to-equilibrium, and active, dissipative structures with chemically fueled phase separation. We observe that spherical, active droplets can undergo a morphological transition into a liquid, spherical shell. We demonstrate that the mechanism is related to gradients of short-lived droplet material. We characterize how far out of equilibrium the spherical shell state is and the chemical power necessary to sustain it. Our work suggests alternative avenues for assembling complex stable morphologies, which might already be exploited to form membraneless organelles by cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Bergmann
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Jonathan Bauermann
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Giacomo Bartolucci
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Donau
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Michele Stasi
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Holtmannspötter
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Frank Jülicher
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technical University of Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph A Weber
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences, and Materials Engineering: Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 1, 86159, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Job Boekhoven
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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45
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Zhang Z, Liu T, Li Y, Yu Y, Ning L, Qiu X, Li C, Wang L, Xu W. Temporal Control of Fluorescent EuW 10 Aggregates for Autonomous DNA Capture and Information Encryption. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301968. [PMID: 37486795 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly exploits noncovalent interaction to offer an effective method for the fabrication of materials. For Na9 [EuW10 O36 ] ⋅ 32H2 O (EuW10 ), the negative charges and abundant oxygen atoms on its surface provide a handle for static self-assembly. New properties are envisioned for EuW10 aggregates which are able to display such kinetics and time-programming characteristics, in order to satisfy more complex and intelligent application scenarios, such as DNA binding and information encryption. In this work, EuW10 coupling with stimuli-responsive dodecyl dimethylamine oxide (C12 DMAO) can generate versatile aggregates with pH-responsive properties. We demonstrated the temporal programming of the assembly and disassembly of EuW10 nanospheres using a pH clock reaction of acid/urease hydrolysis. The pH clock reaction endows EuW10 assemblies with dynamical properties, in which the charges and fluorescence changes are coded in this system. These fluorescent assemblies provide new application in time-programmed DNA capture and information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Cosmetics, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Cosmetics, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yawen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Cosmetics, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Cosmetics, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Ning
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Cosmetics, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xuefan Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Cosmetics, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chencan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Cosmetics, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Cosmetics, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
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46
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Zhang X, Dai X, Gao L, Xu D, Wan H, Wang Y, Yan LT. The entropy-controlled strategy in self-assembling systems. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6806-6837. [PMID: 37743794 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00347g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of various building blocks has been considered as a powerful approach to generate novel materials with tailorable structures and optimal properties. Understanding physicochemical interactions and mechanisms related to structural formation and transitions is of essential importance for this approach. Although it is well-known that diverse forces and energies can significantly contribute to the structures and properties of self-assembling systems, the potential entropic contribution remains less well understood. The past few years have witnessed rapid progress in addressing the entropic effects on the structures, responses, and functions in the self-assembling systems, and many breakthroughs have been achieved. This review provides a framework regarding the entropy-controlled strategy of self-assembly, through which the structures and properties can be tailored by effectively tuning the entropic contribution and its interplay with the enthalpic counterpart. First, we focus on the fundamentals of entropy in thermodynamics and the entropy types that can be explored for self-assembly. Second, we discuss the rules of entropy in regulating the structural organization in self-assembly and delineate the entropic force and superentropic effect. Third, we introduce the basic principles, significance and approaches of the entropy-controlled strategy in self-assembly. Finally, we present the applications where this strategy has been employed in fields like colloids, macromolecular systems and nonequilibrium assembly. This review concludes with a discussion on future directions and future research opportunities for developing and applying the entropy-controlled strategy in complex self-assembling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiaobin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lijuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Duo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Haixiao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Li-Tang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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47
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Howlett MG, Fletcher SP. From autocatalysis to survival of the fittest in self-reproducing lipid systems. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:673-691. [PMID: 37612460 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Studying autocatalysis - in which molecules catalyse their own formation - might help to explain the emergence of chemical systems that exhibit traits normally associated with biology. When coupled to other processes, autocatalysis can lead to complex systems-level behaviour in apparently simple mixtures. Lipids are an important class of chemicals that appear simple in isolation, but collectively show complex supramolecular and mesoscale dynamics. Here we discuss autocatalytic lipids as a source of extraordinary behaviour such as primitive chemical evolution, chemotaxis, temporally controllable materials and even as supramolecular catalysts for continuous synthesis. We survey the literature since the first examples of lipid autocatalysis and highlight state-of-the-art synthetic systems that emulate life, displaying behaviour such as metabolism and homeostasis, with special consideration for generating structural complexity and out-of-equilibrium models of life. Autocatalytic lipid systems have enormous potential for building complexity from simple components, and connections between physical effects and molecular reactivity are only just beginning to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Howlett
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen P Fletcher
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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48
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Spitzbarth B, Eelkema R. Chemical reaction networks based on conjugate additions on β'-substituted Michael acceptors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11174-11187. [PMID: 37529876 PMCID: PMC10508045 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02126b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the study of more complex, chemical systems closer to those found in nature, and the interactions within those systems, has grown immensely. Despite great efforts, the need for new, versatile, and robust chemistry to apply in CRNs remains. In this Feature Article, we give a brief overview over previous developments in the field of systems chemistry and how β'-substituted Michael acceptors (MAs) can be a great addition to the systems chemist's toolbox. We illustrate their versatility by showcasing a range of examples of applying β'-substituted MAs in CRNs, both as chemical signals and as substrates, to open up the path to many applications ranging from responsive materials, to pathway control in CRNs, drug delivery, analyte detection, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Spitzbarth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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49
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Kamra A, Das S, Bhatt P, Solra M, Maity T, Rana S. A transient vesicular glue for amplification and temporal regulation of biocatalytic reaction networks. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9267-9282. [PMID: 37712020 PMCID: PMC10498679 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00195d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of enzyme activity and biocatalytic cascades on compartmentalized cellular components is key to the adaptation of cellular processes such as signal transduction and metabolism in response to varying external conditions. Synthetic molecular glues have enabled enzyme inhibition and regulation of protein-protein interactions. So far, all the molecular glue systems based on covalent interactions operated under steady-state conditions. To emulate dynamic biological processes under dissipative conditions, we introduce herein a transient supramolecular glue with a controllable lifetime. The transient system uses multivalent supramolecular interactions between guanidinium group-bearing surfactants and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), resulting in bilayer vesicle structures. Unlike the conventional chemical agents for dissipative assemblies, ATP here plays the dual role of providing a structural component for the assembly as well as presenting active functional groups to "glue" enzymes on the surface. While gluing of the enzymes on the vesicles achieves augmented catalysis, oscillation of ATP concentration allows temporal control of the catalytic activities similar to the dissipative cellular nanoreactors. We further demonstrate temporal upregulation and control of complex biocatalytic reaction networks on the vesicles. Altogether, the temporal activation of biocatalytic cascades on the dissipative vesicular glue presents an adaptable and dynamic system emulating heterogeneous cellular processes, opening up avenues for effective protocell construction and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Kamra
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science C.V. Raman Road Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India +9180-22932914
| | - Sourav Das
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science C.V. Raman Road Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India +9180-22932914
| | - Preeti Bhatt
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science C.V. Raman Road Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India +9180-22932914
| | - Manju Solra
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science C.V. Raman Road Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India +9180-22932914
| | - Tanmoy Maity
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science C.V. Raman Road Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India +9180-22932914
| | - Subinoy Rana
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science C.V. Raman Road Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India +9180-22932914
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50
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Liu J, Wu S, Fu S, Wang J, Zhang P, Wang Y, Chen C, Zhao X, Li Z, Yang Q. Acylhydrazone functionalized naphthalene-based self-assembled supramolecular gels for efficient fluorescence detection of Fe 3. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:3948-3954. [PMID: 37525948 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00912b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
A new gel factor (named N) has been successfully designed and synthesized, which contains the conventional fluorophore naphthalene with the acylhydrazone bond as the self-assembly site. It can be self-assembled into stable organogels (named ON) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water mixed medium (V : V = 4 : 1) with a critical gel temperature and concentration (55 °C and 10 mg mL-1). Interestingly, under 365 nm UV light, the ON exhibits bright yellow Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE). The supramolecular organogel ON shows a fluorescent "OFF" response to the metal ions Fe3+, and the state of the gel ON remains constant before and after detection. Notably, the minimum detection limits (LODs) of the gel ON for Fe3+ are as low as 1.30 × 10-7 M. The binding mechanism of supramolecular organogels (ON) to ions has been investigated through a series of characterizations. Meanwhile, the organogel sensor ON can also be used as an ion-responsive membrane for the detection of Fe3+ in the aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composites of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P. R. China.
| | - Shang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composites of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P. R. China.
| | - Shuaishuai Fu
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composites of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P. R. China.
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composites of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P. R. China.
| | - Penghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composites of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P. R. China.
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composites of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composites of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangfei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composites of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composites of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P. R. China.
| | - Quanlu Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Arts and Science, Beimiantan 400, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China.
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