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Zhu H, Zhao P, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang S, Pang X, Lv J. Fabrication of Human Milk Fat Substitute: Based on the Similarity Evaluation Model and Computer Software. Molecules 2024; 29:2096. [PMID: 38731587 PMCID: PMC11085832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to obtain the optimal formula for human milk fat substitute (HMFS) through a combination of software and an evaluation model and further verify its practicability through an animal experiment. The results showed that a total of 33 fatty acid (FA) and 63 triglyceride (TAG) molecular species were detected in vegetable oils. Palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, 18:1/16:0/18:1, 18:2/16:0/18:2, 18:1/18:1/18:1 and 18:1/18:2/18:1, were the main molecular species among the FAs and TAGs in the vegetable oils. Based on the HMFS evaluation model, the optimal mixed vegetable oil formula was blended with 21.3% palm oil, 2.8% linseed oil, 2.6% soybean oil, 29.9% rapeseed oil and 43.4% maize oil, with the highest score of 83.146. Moreover, there was no difference in the weight, blood routine indices or calcium and magnesium concentrations in the feces of the mice between the homemade mixed vegetable oil (HMVO) group and the commercial mixed vegetable oil (CMVO) group, while nervonic acid (C24:1) and octanoic acid (C8:0) were absorbed easily in the HMVO group. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the mixing of the different vegetable oils was feasible via a combination of computer software and an evaluation model and provided a new way to produce HMFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiquan Zhu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (J.L.)
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010100, China
| | - Pu Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Yunna Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiaping Lv
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (J.L.)
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2
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Das UN. Can essential fatty acids (EFAs) prevent and ameliorate post-COVID-19 long haul manifestations? Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:112. [PMID: 38641607 PMCID: PMC11027247 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
It is hypothesized that COVID-19, post-COVID and post-mRNA COVID-19 (and other related) vaccine manifestations including "long haul syndrome" are due to deficiency of essential fatty acids (EFAs) and dysregulation of their metabolism. This proposal is based on the observation that EFAs and their metabolites can modulate the swift immunostimulatory response of SARS-CoV-2 and similar enveloped viruses, suppress inappropriate cytokine release, possess cytoprotective action, modulate serotonin and bradykinin production and other neurotransmitters, inhibit NF-kB activation, regulate cGAS-STING pathway, modulate gut microbiota, inhibit platelet activation, regulate macrophage and leukocyte function, enhance wound healing and facilitate tissue regeneration and restore homeostasis. This implies that administration of EFAs could be of benefit in the prevention and management of COVID-19 and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, 2221 NW 5th St, Battle ground, WA, 98604, USA.
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Arete Hospitals, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 4500032, India.
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Wang S, Zheng C, Guo D, Chen W, Xie Q, Zhai Q. Dose-related effects of early-life intake of sn-2 palmitate, a specific positionally distributed human milk fatty acid, on the composition and metabolism of the intestinal microbiota. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8272-8286. [PMID: 37678794 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
sn2 Palmitate in human milk plays an important role in the physiological health of infants by reducing mineral loss, improving stool hardness, and relieving constipation. Also, sn-2 palmitate modulates intestinal microbiota. However, it remains unclear whether the effects of sn-2 palmitate on infant gut microbiota are dose-dependent. In this study, we investigated the effects of low, medium, and high doses (600, 1,800, and 5,400 mg/kg body weight, respectively) of sn-2 palmitate on the structure, composition, and metabolic function of intestinal microbes in mice. Our results showed that high doses of sn-2 palmitate significantly modulated α- and β-diversity of the intestinal microbiota. The relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group decreased with increasing doses of sn-2 palmitate. In contrast, the abundances of Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroides, uncultured_Lachnospiraceae, and uncultured_Muribaculaceae were positively correlated with sn-2 palmitate doses. The number of genes predicted encoding autophagy-yeast, phospholipase D signaling pathway, and pentose and glucuronate interconversion metabolic functions of intestinal microbiota increased with increasing doses of sn-2 palmitate. In addition, low and medium doses of sn-2 palmitate significantly upregulated the arginine and proline metabolic pathways, and high doses of sn-2 palmitate significantly increased purine metabolism. Our results revealed that the effects of sn-2 palmitate intake early in life on the composition and metabolism of the intestinal microbiota of mice showed dose-related differences. The study is expected to provide a scientific basis for the development of infant formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - C Zheng
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co. Ltd., Chaoyang, Beijing 100015, China; PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - D Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - W Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Q Xie
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co. Ltd., Chaoyang, Beijing 100015, China; PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Q Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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4
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Deng C, Pan J, Zhu H, Chen ZY. Effect of Gut Microbiota on Blood Cholesterol: A Review on Mechanisms. Foods 2023; 12:4308. [PMID: 38231771 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota serves as a pivotal mediator between diet and human health. Emerging evidence has shown that the gut microbiota may play an important role in cholesterol metabolism. In this review, we delve into five possible mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may influence cholesterol metabolism: (1) the gut microbiota changes the ratio of free bile acids to conjugated bile acids, with the former being eliminated into feces and the latter being reabsorbed back into the liver; (2) the gut microbiota can ferment dietary fiber to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which are absorbed and reach the liver where SCFAs inhibit cholesterol synthesis; (3) the gut microbiota can regulate the expression of some genes related to cholesterol metabolism through their metabolites; (4) the gut microbiota can convert cholesterol to coprostanol, with the latter having a very low absorption rate; and (5) the gut microbiota could reduce blood cholesterol by inhibiting the production of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which increases cholesterol synthesis and raises blood cholesterol. In addition, this review will explore the natural constituents in foods with potential roles in cholesterol regulation, mainly through their interactions with the gut microbiota. These include polysaccharides, polyphenolic entities, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, and dicaffeoylquinic acid. These findings will provide a scientific foundation for targeting hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases through the modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanling Deng
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Jingjin Pan
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Basnet TB, GC S, Basnet R, Fatima S, Safdar M, Sehar B, Alsubaie ASR, Zeb F. Interaction between gut microbiota metabolites and dietary components in lipid metabolism and metabolic diseases. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:acmi000403. [PMID: 37424550 PMCID: PMC10323789 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota composition has caused perplexity in developing precision therapy to cure metabolic disorders. However, recent research has focused on using daily diet and natural bioactive compounds to correct gut microbiota dysbiosis and regulate host metabolism. Complex interactions between the gut microbiota and dietary compounds disrupt or integrate the gut barrier and lipid metabolism. In this review, we investigate the role of diet and bioactive natural compounds in gut microbiota dysbiosis and also the modulation of lipid metabolism by their metabolites. Recent studies have revealed that diet, natural compounds and phytochemicals impact significantly on lipid metabolism in animals and humans. These findings suggest that dietary components or natural bioactive compounds have a significant impact on microbial dysbiosis linked to metabolic diseases. The interaction between dietary components or natural bioactive compounds and gut microbiota metabolites can regulate lipid metabolism. Additionally, natural products can shape the gut microbiota and improve barrier integrity by interacting with gut metabolites and their precursors, even in unfavourable conditions, potentially contributing to the alignment of host physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Til Bahadur Basnet
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Srijana GC
- Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rajesh Basnet
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Sadia Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mahpara Safdar
- Department of Environmental Design, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bismillah Sehar
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
| | - Ali Saad R. Alsubaie
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Falak Zeb
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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6
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Li X, Du Y, Tu Z, Zhang C, Wang L. Highland barley improves lipid metabolism, liver injury, antioxidant capacities and liver functions in high-fat/cholesterol diet mice based on gut microbiota and LC-MS metabonomics. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Cheng X, Huang Z, Jin Q, Wang X. Chemical characterization and solvent fractionation of tilapia oil for its potential application as human milk fat substitute. J Food Sci 2022; 87:4945-4955. [PMID: 36200532 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The natural source of human milk fat substitute (HMFS) is a field worth exploring. In this study, tilapia oil was extracted and analyzed. In the triacylglycerol fraction, the contents of sn-2 palmitic acid and total sn-1,3 oleic acid and linoleic acid were 48.01% and 66.62%, respectively. The optimal solvent fractionation conditions were determined to be a tilapia oil-to-acetone ratio of 1:8 (w/v), crystallization temperature of -30°C, and crystallization duration of 16 h, giving a solid fraction yield of 64.20%. In fractionated tilapia oil, the total content of 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL) and 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) increased by 20.38%, as determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Ultra-high-performance combined-phase chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis showed that OPL (17.45%) was the most abundant triacylglycerol in fractionated tilapia oil, followed by OPO (13.90%). Fractionated tilapia oil is thus an excellent source of OPL and has great potential for incorporation in HMFS. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Human milk fat substitutes are an important component of infant formulas. This work provides an excellent natural source of oil rich in OPL, which has great potential in the field of preparing human milk fat substitutes highly similar to human milk fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoneng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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8
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Probiotic-fermented rice buckwheat alleviates high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice by suppressing lipid accumulation and modulating gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Chuang ST, Chen CT, Hsieh JC, Li KY, Ho ST, Chen MJ. Development of Next-Generation Probiotics by Investigating the Interrelationships between Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Diarrhea in Preruminant Holstein Calves. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060695. [PMID: 35327091 PMCID: PMC8944458 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study investigated the relationship between gastrointestinal microbiota and diarrhea in preruminant calves by using immune-related markers and further isolating specific bacterial strains, enriched in clinically healthy individuals, for potential next-generation probiotics. The gathering of microbiomic data strongly indicated the possible beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum. With further screening and isolating with immunomodulatory and antagonistic effects, two Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum strains might be expected to emerge as next-generation probiotics. The finding here might provide a solution for preventing gastrointestinal disorders for preruminant calves without sustained periods of administration through inhibiting the infectious bacteria, immunomodulatory effect and possible modulating microbiota. Abstract (1) Background: We aimed to isolate and identify potential next-generation probiotics (NGP) by investigating the interrelationships between gastrointestinal microbiota and diarrhea in preruminant Holstein calves. (2) Material and methods: Twenty preruminant Holstein calves were divided into healthy and diarrheic groups after the combination outcomes of veterinary diagnosis and fecal scores. The fecal microbiome, plasma cytokines, plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) G and haptoglobin were analyzed. The potential probiotic bacteria were identified by comparing the microbiota difference between healthy and diarrheic calves and correlation analysis with fecal scores and inflammatory markers. The identified bacteria were also isolated for further evaluation for antimicrobial activities and immunoregulatory effects. (3) Results: Microbiota analysis suggested that Ruminococcaceae_UCG_014, Bifidobacterium and Pseudoflavonifractor positively correlated with bovine IgG and negatively correlated with fecal score; inflammatory factors, bovine HP, and IL-8 were classified as beneficial bacteria contributing to the health of the calves. The alternation of gut microbial composition also induced changes in the functional gene enrichment of gut microbiota in calves. The gathering of microbiomic data strongly indicated the possible beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, expected to develop as NGP. After isolation and evaluation of the potential functionality in vitro, two specific bifidobacterial strains demonstrated antimicrobial activities and immunoregulatory effects. (4) Conclusions: The results provide a new probiotic searching approach for preventing gastrointestinal disorders in preruminant calves. Further animal study is necessary to verify the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Te Chuang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402204, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Ting Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106037, Taiwan; (C.-T.C.); (J.-C.H.); (K.-Y.L.)
| | - Jui-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106037, Taiwan; (C.-T.C.); (J.-C.H.); (K.-Y.L.)
| | - Kuan-Yi Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106037, Taiwan; (C.-T.C.); (J.-C.H.); (K.-Y.L.)
| | - Shang-Tse Ho
- Department of Wood Based Materials and Design, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Ju Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106037, Taiwan; (C.-T.C.); (J.-C.H.); (K.-Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+886-2-33664169
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10
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Preparation of Human Milk Fat Substitutes: A Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020187. [PMID: 35207476 PMCID: PMC8874823 DOI: 10.3390/life12020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is generally regarded as the best choice for infant feeding. Human milk fat (HMF) is one of the most complex natural lipids, with a unique fatty acid composition and distribution and complex lipid composition. Lipid intake in infants not only affects their energy intake but also affects their metabolic mode and overall development. Infant formula is the best substitute for human milk when breastfeeding is not possible. As the main energy source in infant formula, human milk fat substitutes (HMFSs) should have a composition similar to that of HMF in order to meet the nutritional needs of infant growth and development. At present, HMFS preparation mainly focuses on the simulation of fatty acid composition, the application of structured lipids and the addition of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) supplements. This paper first reviews the composition and structure of HMF, and then the preparation development of structured lipids and MFGM supplements are summarized. Additionally, the evaluation and regulation of HMFSs in infant formula are also presented.
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11
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Zhu W, Xu Y, Liu J, Chen D, Zhang H, Yang Z, Zhou X. Effects of Dietary Pork Fat Cooked Using Different Methods on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Liver Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in Rats. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123030. [PMID: 34945581 PMCID: PMC8701267 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cooking may affect the nutritional value of pork fat, and, nowadays, people have been paying an increasing amount of attention to the method of cooking. In this study, the effects of dietary pork fat cooked using different methods on body metabolism and intestinal microbes were studied in rats. Fat was extracted from pork belly meat cooked using three methods: braising (braising cooking method, BCM), stewing (SCM) and deep fat frying (DCM). The three types of pork fat were added to animal feed, and the effects of each on body weight, glucose and lipid metabolism, liver inflammation and intestinal microbes in rats were compared with the effects of soybean oil-treated feed (SO) and a blank control (BC). Rats in all three groups fed with cooked pork fat exhibited significant increases in body weight compared with the controls across the experimental feeding period. Furthermore, all three types of pork fat led to significant changes in the serum concentrations of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) relative to the controls, with the greatest increases in TG and TC in the BCM and DCM groups, respectively. All three types of pork fat led to significant decreases in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations relative to the controls, with the lowest concentration in the SCM group. All three types of pork fat also led to significant increases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations relative to the controls, with the smallest increase in the DCM group. Rats in the SCM group had the highest level of liver fat deposition, followed by those in the BCM, DCM, SO and BC groups. Compared with the controls, the three groups fed with different types of cooked pork fat had significantly lower hepatic expression of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB). The expression levels of NF-κB in the DCM and SO groups were significantly lower than those in the other groups. The abundance of Proteobacteria species in the intestines of rats was significantly lower in the BC group than in the other groups fed with cooked pork fat, and the abundance of Bacteroidetes species was significantly lower in the BCM, SCM and DCM groups than in the BC and SO groups. From the changes in the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroides, pork fat in the three cooking methods has a certain potential to promote the production of body obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Zhu
- Engineering Research Center for Huaiyang Cuisin of Jiangsu Province, College of Tourism and Culinary, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (W.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.Z.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Engineering Research Center for Huaiyang Cuisin of Jiangsu Province, College of Tourism and Culinary, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (W.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (J.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Dawei Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (J.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Huimin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-514-8797-9307
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Huaiyang Cuisin of Jiangsu Province, College of Tourism and Culinary, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (W.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
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12
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Tang Q, Li S, Fang C, Yu H. Evaluating the reparative effects and the mechanism of action of docosahexaenoic acid on azithromycin-induced lipid metabolism dysfunction. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 159:112699. [PMID: 34838675 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To explore the reparative effects of DHA on the gut microbiome disturbance and dysfunctional lipid metabolism caused by long-term antibiotic therapy, it was tested on an azithromycin (AZI) mouse antibiotic model. Thirty specific-pathogen-free BALB/c mice (SPF grade, half male and half female) were randomly separated into three groups (n = 10, 5 male and 5 female): control group (CK), azithromycin natural recovery group (AZI) and DHA group (DHA). High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the gut microbiome. ELASE kits were used to measure blood lipid, lipids in the liver, and bile salt hydrolase (BSH) levels in feces. Gas chromatography and UPLC-MS/MS were employed to detect DHA and bile acids contents in liver, respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the expression of key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. Long-term AZI treatment led to dyslipidemia, gut microbiome disturbance and anxious behaviors in the mouse model. DHA was found to significantly improve the dyslipidemia and anxiety-like behaviors induced by AZI. DHA had no effect on the structure of gut microbiome and bile acids contents but increased the content of the metabolic enzyme BSH in gut microbiota and normalized the expression of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Chengjie Fang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Haining Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, China.
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Cheng X, Zhao X, Yang Z, Wang T, Wang X. Chemical characterization of Trachinotus ovatus oil for its potential application as human milk fat substitute. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Influences of dietary oils and fats, and the accompanied minor content of components on the gut microbiota and gut inflammation: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Yu H, Fang C, Li P, Wu M, Shen S. The relevance of DHA with modulating of host-gut microbiome signatures alterations and repairing of lipids metabolism shifts. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 895:173885. [PMID: 33482183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Huge of previous reports recommended that gut microbiome have a crucial role in the human health and its change was profound impact for the metabolic improvements associated with lipids metabolism. In order to explore the relevance of a direct dysbiosis effect of gut microbiome on lipids metabolism shifts and repaired position of DHA, we built the animal model for the study with gut microbiome dysbiosis administrated by i.g. with CRO and intervened by DHA in the present work. Gut microbiome was analyzed by high throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analyses of bacteria. The composition of fatty acids and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined by gas chromatography. Blood lipids and bile acids were assayed by kit and UPLC-MS/MS, respectively. The expressions of enzymes of long chain fatty acid metabolism were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results showed that gut microbiome dysbiosis caused lipid metabolism abnormal, and DHA was able to repair the lipids metabolism shifts resulted from gut microbiome dysbiosis. DHA could modulate host-gut microbiome signatures, improve concentrations of SCFAs, regulate fatty acids metabolism but modify bile acid profiles. In conclusion, we considered that DHA repaired lipid metabolism by modulating gut microbiome and regulating fatty acids metabolism pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chengjie Fang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Geratoloy, The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manman Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Godea Lupei S, Ciubotariu D, Danciu M, Lupușoru RV, Ghiciuc CM, Cernescu I, Gheţu N, Lupei M, Lupușoru CE. Improvement in serum lipids and liver morphology after supplementation of the diet with fish oil is more evident under regular feeding conditions than under high-fat or mixed diets in rats. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:162. [PMID: 32631338 PMCID: PMC7339424 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary n- 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a role in preventing cardiovascular and hepatic diseases. However, their effects might differ significantly depending on individual dietary patterns. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids (FA), administered in different schedules, on hepatic and aortic histological structure, lipid profile, and body weight (BW) in male Wistar rats under standard (SD), high-fat diet (HFD) and mixed feeding conditions. METHODS PUFA treatment consisted of the administration of 50 mg/kg fish oil (FO) daily by oral gavage. HFD was obtained by adding a suspension of 4% cholesterol, thiouracil and cholic acid to the animals' drinking water. The rats were maintained on the diets for 6 weeks, and different schedules of PUFA administration were used. At 14, 28, and 42 days, the morphology of liver and aortic samples and the levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and triglycerides (TG) were assessed. RESULTS The HFD groups exhibited significant hyperlipidemia and aortic inflammation, with progression to atherogenesis after 6 weeks. Administration of PUFAs slightly attenuated the aortic changes in these groups and reduced the liver's tendency to steatosis. FO-induced metabolic improvement was more evident in SD than in HFD rats. For instance, after the first 2 weeks, SD animals that received PUFAs had significantly increased HDL levels vs. controls (62.375 ± 4.10 vs. 52.625 ± 8.38 mg/dL, P < 0.05), but HFD rats did not, and decreased TG levels were observed exclusively in the SD rats (57.6 ± 4.09 vs. 66 ± 4.69 mg/dL, P < 0.05). After 6 weeks of n- 3 PUFA administration, LDL was significantly lower in the SD rats than in controls (13.67 ± 4.13 vs. 30.83 ± 2.86 mg/dL, P < 0.001), but the decrease in the HFD rats, although significant (49.17 ± 5.85 mg/dL vs. 57.17 ± 4.96 g/dL, P < 0.05), was not as marked. In the mixed-diet groups, administration of 50 mg/kg/day FO for 14 days under SD conditions following 4 weeks of HFD slightly decreased TG (86.625 ± 11.67 vs. 73 ± 4.52 mg/dL, P < 0.05) and increased HDL (45.875 ± 5.28 vs. 56 ± 3.16 mg/dL). However, in these animals, n-3 PUFA administration had no effect on LDL or TC. Administration of half of the above dose failed to improve any biochemical parameters. FO protected against excessive weight gain mainly under SD conditions. CONCLUSIONS The results show that FO confers more protection against cardiovascular risk factors (increased LDL and TG, decreased HDL) and liver lipid accumulation when given to rats consuming regular diets than when given to rats consuming a high-fat diet. This argues that priority should be given to consumption of a healthy diet rather than to the use of supplements. The effectiveness of n-3 PUFAs might be reduced in the case of hyperlipidic intake or after consumption of a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Godea Lupei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Diana Ciubotariu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania.
| | - Mihai Danciu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania.
| | - Raoul Vasile Lupușoru
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Ghiciuc
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Irina Cernescu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Nicolae Gheţu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Regional Oncology Institute, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Mihai Lupei
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environment Protection, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Cătălina Elena Lupușoru
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
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17
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Forgie AJ, Drall KM, Bourque SL, Field CJ, Kozyrskyj AL, Willing BP. The impact of maternal and early life malnutrition on health: a diet-microbe perspective. BMC Med 2020; 18:135. [PMID: 32393275 PMCID: PMC7216331 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life malnutrition may have long-lasting effects on microbe-host interactions that affect health and disease susceptibility later in life. Diet quality and quantity in conjunction with toxin and pathogen exposure are key contributors to microbe-host physiology and malnutrition. Consequently, it is important to consider both diet- and microbe-induced pathologies as well as their interactions underlying malnutrition. MAIN BODY Gastrointestinal immunity and digestive function are vital to maintain a symbiotic relationship between the host and microbiota. Childhood malnutrition can be impacted by numerous factors including gestational malnutrition, early life antibiotic use, psychological stress, food allergy, hygiene, and exposure to other chemicals and pollutants. These factors can contribute to reoccurring environmental enteropathy, a condition characterized by the expansion of commensal pathobionts and environmental pathogens. Reoccurring intestinal dysfunction, particularly during the critical window of development, may be a consequence of diet-microbe interactions and may lead to life-long immune and metabolic programming and increased disease risk. We provide an overview of the some key factors implicated in the progression of malnutrition (protein, fat, carbohydrate, iron, vitamin D, and vitamin B12) and discuss the microbiota during early life that may contribute health risk later in life. CONCLUSION Identifying key microbe-host interactions, particularly those associated with diet and malnutrition requires well-controlled dietary studies. Furthering our understanding of diet-microbe-host interactions will help to provide better strategies during gestation and early life to promote health later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Forgie
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Kelsea M. Drall
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Stephane L. Bourque
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Catherine J. Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Anita L. Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Benjamin P. Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
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18
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He WS, Li L, Rui J, Li J, Sun Y, Cui D, Xu B. Tomato seed oil attenuates hyperlipidemia and modulates gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:4275-4290. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00133c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TSO can significantly improve fatty acid metabolism and cholesterol metabolism, thereby inhibiting obesity and hypercholesterolemia. TSO can favorably modulate the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Lingling Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Jiaxin Rui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Yuying Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Dandan Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
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19
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Wang J, Liu L, Liu L, Sun L, Li C. Absorption of 1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoylglycerol and intestinal flora profiles changes in mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:296-306. [PMID: 31385547 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1648386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the digestion and absorption of 1,3-dioleyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) and its effects on mineral absorption and intestinal flora in vivo. Fatty acids and mineral faeces were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, respectively. The intestinal flora composition was assessed using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. After 4-week feeding experiment, the apparent absorption rate of calcium in O group (mice fed with OPO) was 48.54 ± 0.21%, which was significantly higher than that in Z group (mice fed with mixed vegetable oil), the percentage of palmitic acid in serum of the O group mice was significantly higher. Compared with Z group, the mean relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae in the O group mice was higher. These results show that OPO can promote the absorption of fat and calcium, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Hubei UBT Biological Engineering Co. Ltd, Huang Gang, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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20
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Cao W, Wang C, Chin Y, Chen X, Gao Y, Yuan S, Xue C, Wang Y, Tang Q. DHA-phospholipids (DHA-PL) and EPA-phospholipids (EPA-PL) prevent intestinal dysfunction induced by chronic stress. Food Funct 2019; 10:277-288. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01404c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DHA-PL and EPA-PL may effectively protect mice against intestinal dysfunction under chronic stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxiu Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Yaoxian Chin
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Shihan Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
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21
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Zhang Y, Zhang B, Dong L, Chang P. Potential of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Managing Chemotherapy- or Radiotherapy-Related Intestinal Microbial Dysbiosis. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:133-147. [PMID: 30566596 PMCID: PMC6370266 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-related intestinal microbial dysbiosis is one of the main causes of intestinal mucositis. Cases of bacterial translocation into peripheral blood and subsequent sepsis occur as a result of dysfunction in the intestinal barrier. Evidence from recent studies depicts the characteristics of chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-related intestinal microbial dysbiosis, which creates an imbalance between beneficial and harmful bacteria in the gut. Decreases in beneficial bacteria can lead to a weakening of the resistance of the gut to harmful bacteria, resulting in robust activation of proinflammatory signaling pathways. For example, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-producing bacteria activate the nuclear transcription factor-κB signaling pathway through binding with Toll-like receptor 4 on stressed epithelial cells, subsequently leading to secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Nevertheless, various studies have found that the omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid can reverse intestinal microbial dysbiosis by increasing beneficial bacteria species, including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Roseburia and Coprococcus. In addition, the n-3 PUFAs decrease the proportions of LPS-producing and mucolytic bacteria in the gut, and they can reduce inflammation as well as oxidative stress. Importantly, the n-3 PUFAs also exert anticancer effects in colorectal cancers. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-related intestinal microbial dysbiosis and introduce the contributions of dysbiosis to the pathogenesis of intestinal mucositis. Next, we discuss how n-3 PUFAs could alleviate chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-related intestinal microbial dysbiosis. This review provides new insights into the clinical administration of n-3 PUFAs for the management of chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-related intestinal microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Boyan Zhang
- Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Lihua Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, China,Address correspondence to LD (e-mail: )
| | - Pengyu Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, China,Address correspondence to PC (e-mail: )
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22
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Hosomi R, Matsudo A, Sugimoto K, Shimono T, Kanda S, Nishiyama T, Yoshida M, Fukunaga K. Dietary Fat Influences the Expression of Genes Related to Sterol Metabolism and the Composition of Cecal Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Rats. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:1133-1147. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hosomi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kansai University
| | - Anna Matsudo
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kansai University
| | - Koki Sugimoto
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kansai University
| | - Takaki Shimono
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University
| | - Seiji Kanda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University
| | | | | | - Kenji Fukunaga
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kansai University
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23
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Direct-fed microbial supplementation influences the bacteria community composition of the gastrointestinal tract of pre- and post-weaned calves. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14147. [PMID: 30237565 PMCID: PMC6148029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of supplementing the diet of calves with two direct fed microbials (DFMs) (Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 (SCB) and Lactobacillus acidophilus BT1386 (LA)), and an antibiotic growth promoter (ATB). Thirty-two dairy calves were fed a control diet (CTL) supplemented with SCB or LA or ATB for 96 days. On day 33 (pre-weaning, n = 16) and day 96 (post-weaning, n = 16), digesta from the rumen, ileum, and colon, and mucosa from the ileum and colon were collected. The bacterial diversity and composition of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of pre- and post-weaned calves were characterized by sequencing the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The DFMs had significant impact on bacteria community structure with most changes associated with treatment occurring in the pre-weaning period and mostly in the ileum but less impact on bacteria diversity. Both SCB and LA significantly reduced the potential pathogenic bacteria genera, Streptococcus and Tyzzerella_4 (FDR ≤ 8.49E-06) and increased the beneficial bacteria, Fibrobacter (FDR ≤ 5.55E-04) compared to control. Other potential beneficial bacteria, including Rumminococcaceae UCG 005, Roseburia and Olsenella, were only increased (FDR ≤ 1.30E-02) by SCB treatment compared to control. Furthermore, the pathogenic bacterium, Peptoclostridium, was reduced (FDR = 1.58E-02) by SCB only while LA reduced (FDR = 1.74E-05) Ruminococcus_2. Functional prediction analysis suggested that both DFMs impacted (p < 0.05) pathways such as cell cycle, bile secretion, proteasome, cAMP signaling pathway, thyroid hormone synthesis pathway and dopaminergic synapse pathway. Compared to the DFMs, ATB had similar impact on bacterial diversity in all GIT sites but greater impact on the bacterial composition of the ileum. Overall, this study provides an insight on the bacteria genera impacted by DFMs and the potential mechanisms by which DFMs affect the GIT microbiota and may therefore facilitate development of DFMs as alternatives to ATB use in dairy calf management.
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Ma Y, Zhou G, Li Y, Zhu Y, Yu X, Zhao F, Li H, Xu X, Li C. Intake of Fish Oil Specifically Modulates Colonic Muc2 Expression in Middle-Aged Rats by Suppressing the Glycosylation Process. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:1700661. [PMID: 29277971 PMCID: PMC6120138 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary fats have been shown to affect gut microbiota composition and aging gene expression of middle-aged rats at a normal dose, but little is known about such an effect on gut barrier. In this study, the changes in colonic Muc2 expression are investigated and the underlying mechanism is also proposed. METHODS AND RESULTS 36 middle-aged Sprague-Dawley rats are assigned to one of the diets containing soybean oil, lard, or fish oil (4%). The rats are fed for 5 weeks and then goblet cells, Muc2 expression, and inflammatory cytokines in the colon are measured. Proteome analysis is performed. Compared with the lard and soybean oil diet groups, intake of fish oil decreases the number of goblet cells, and inhibits Muc2 and TLRs expression in the colon of middle-aged rats, which would impair mucus barrier. Several key enzymes involved in glycosylation process, including Agr2, Gale, Gne, Pmm2, Pdxdc1, Plch1, Pfkp, Cmpk1, and Rexo2, show the lowest abundance in the fish oil diet group. CONCLUSION Intake of fish oil at a normal dose downregulates colonic Muc2 expression. This negative effect of fish oil may involve the suppression of mucin glycosylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOEKey Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOAJiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality ControlNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOEKey Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOAJiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality ControlNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Yingqiu Li
- Guangxi Vocational College of Technology and BusinessNanningGuangxiP.R. China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOEKey Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOAJiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality ControlNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOEKey Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOAJiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality ControlNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOEKey Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOAJiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality ControlNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOEKey Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOAJiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality ControlNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOEKey Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOAJiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality ControlNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Chunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOEKey Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOAJiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality ControlNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R. China
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25
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Fatty Acids Consumption: The Role Metabolic Aspects Involved in Obesity and Its Associated Disorders. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101158. [PMID: 29065507 PMCID: PMC5691774 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated disorders, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, metabolic inflammation, dysbiosis, and non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, are involved in several molecular and inflammatory mechanisms that alter the metabolism. Food habit changes, such as the quality of fatty acids in the diet, are proposed to treat and prevent these disorders. Some studies demonstrated that saturated fatty acids (SFA) are considered detrimental for treating these disorders. A high fat diet rich in palmitic acid, a SFA, is associated with lower insulin sensitivity and it may also increase atherosclerosis parameters. On the other hand, a high intake of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids may promote positive effects, especially on triglyceride levels and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Moreover, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) are effective at limiting the hepatic steatosis process through a series of biochemical events, such as reducing the markers of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, increasing the gene expression of lipid metabolism, decreasing lipogenic activity, and releasing adiponectin. This current review shows that the consumption of unsaturated fatty acids, MUFA, and PUFA, and especially EPA and DHA, which can be applied as food supplements, may promote effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as on metabolic inflammation, gut microbiota, and hepatic metabolism.
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26
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Li Y, Zhao F, Wu Q, Li M, Zhu Y, Song S, Zhu J, Ma Y, Li H, Shi X, Xu X, Zhou G, Li C. Fish oil diet may reduce inflammatory levels in the liver of middle-aged rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6241. [PMID: 28740245 PMCID: PMC5524965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of dietary soybean oil, lard and fish oil on physiological responses in middle age is little studied. In this study, we investigated the changes of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, telomere length, and age-related gene expression in the liver of middle-aged rats in response to the above three fat diets. Male Sprague Dawley rats (12 months old) were fed AIN-93M diets for 3 months, in which soybean oil was equivalently replaced by lard or fish oil. As compared to the lard diet, intake of fish oil diet significantly decreased body weight gain, white blood cell count, and levels of hepatic triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, fat accumulation, low-density lipoprotein, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05), but increased telomere length (P < 0.05). On the other hand, lard diet and soybean oil diet showed great similarity in the above variables. PCR array analysis further indicated that fish oil diet significantly down-regulated gene expression related to inflammatory response, apoptosis, DNA binding, proteostasis and telomere attrition. Differentially expressed genes were enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathways. Such physiological and molecular responses could be due to different fatty acid composition in fish oil, lard and soybean oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
- Guangxi Vocational College of Technology and Business, Nanning, 530008, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Qiayu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Shangxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yafang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xuebin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China.
| | - Chunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China.
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