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Ma XY, Chen MM, Meng LH. Second messenger 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'-cGAMP): the cell autonomous and non-autonomous roles in cancer progression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:890-899. [PMID: 38177693 PMCID: PMC11053103 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is frequently accumulated in cancer cells due to chromosomal instability or exogenous stimulation. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) acts as a cytosolic DNA sensor, which is activated upon binding to dsDNA to synthesize the crucial second messenger 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'-cGAMP) that in turn triggers stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling. The canonical role of cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway is essential for innate immunity and viral defense. Recent emerging evidence indicates that 2'3'-cGAMP plays an important role in cancer progression via cell autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. Beyond its role as an intracellular messenger to activate STING signaling in tumor cells, 2'3'-cGAMP also serves as an immunotransmitter produced by cancer cells to modulate the functions of non-tumor cells especially immune cells in the tumor microenvironment by activating STING signaling. In this review, we summarize the synthesis, transmission, and degradation of 2'3'-cGAMP as well as the dual functions of 2'3'-cGAMP in a STING-dependent manner. Additionally, we discuss the potential therapeutic strategies that harness the cGAMP-mediated antitumor response for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Ma
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Man-Man Chen
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ling-Hua Meng
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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2
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Kim SY, Afroz S, Gillespie H, Downey C. A Narrative Review of Chondrocalcinosis: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Therapies. Cureus 2024; 16:e60434. [PMID: 38882993 PMCID: PMC11179734 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease is categorized into radiographic chondrocalcinosis, acute calcium pyrophosphate arthritis, chronic calcium pyrophosphate arthritis, and osteoarthritis with calcium pyrophosphate deposition. These entities collectively are characterized by the deposition of calcium into joints, which then may cause localized and systemic inflammation, resulting in pain and swelling in the affected joints. Patients with the ANKH gene are more susceptible to the development of CPP arthritis as are those with primary hyperparathyroidism, hypomagnesemia, and hemochromatosis. Radiographic chondrocalcinosis is asymptomatic. Acute calcium pyrophosphate arthritis results in self-limited periods of joint pain and swelling in the affected joint. Along with localized inflammation, there may also be systemic inflammation characterized by fever and elevated inflammatory markers. Chronic calcium pyrophosphate arthritis results in periods of quiescence interrupted by flares that are identical to acute periods of disease. Osteoarthritis associated calcium pyrophosphate arthritis presents with chronic pain well described in osteoarthritis with periods of acute flares. In 2023, a joint effort by the American College of Rheumatology and the European League Against Rheumatism developed guidelines meant to aid in the recognition of calcium pyrophosphate deposition diseases. The diagnosis is made if there is proof of either crowned dens syndrome or synovial fluid analysis demonstrating calcium pyrophosphate crystals or when more than 56 points are summed utilizing the criteria described in the guidelines. Radiographic chondrocalcinosis requires no therapy. Acute calcium pyrophosphate arthritis is treated with the goal of aborting the flare. Treatment options include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, oral corticosteroids, parenteral corticosteroids, intraarticular corticosteroids, IL-1 inhibitors, or parenteral adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The goal in treatment for chronic calcium pyrophosphate arthritis is the suppression of acute flares. The drugs used for acute flare treatment may be given as maintenance therapy with the additional options of methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeon Kim
- Rheumatology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Sana Afroz
- Rheumatology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, USA
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3
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Tasleem M, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Hussain Z, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A, El-Kott AF, Taslimi P, Negm S, Shafiq Z, Iqbal J. Synthesis, in vitro, and in silico studies of morpholine-based thiosemicarbazones as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 and -3 inhibitors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131068. [PMID: 38531526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
An extensive range of new biologically active morpholine based thiosemicarbazones derivatives 3a-r were synthesized, characterized by spectral techniques and evaluated as inhibitors of ENPP isozymes. Most of the novel thiosemicarbazones exhibit potent inhibition towards NPP1 and NPP3 isozymes. Compound 3 h was potent inhibitor of NPP1 with IC50 value of 0.55 ± 0.02. However, the most powerful inhibitor of NPP3 was 3e with an IC50 value of 0.24 ± 0.02. Furthermore, Lineweaver-Burk plot for compound 3 h against NPP1 and for compound 3e against NPP3 was devised through enzymes kinetics studies. Molecular docking and in silico studies was also done for analysis of interaction pattern of all newly synthesized compounds. The results were further validated by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation where the stability of conformational transformation of the best protein-ligand complex (3e) were justified on the basis of RMSD and RMSF analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mussarat Tasleem
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, College of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, 74100 Bartin, Türkiye
| | - Sally Negm
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Art Mahyel Aseer, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
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4
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Andrilli LHS, Sebinelli HG, Cominal JG, Bolean M, Hayann L, Millán JL, Ramos AP, Ciancaglini P. Differential effects of the lipidic and ionic microenvironment on NPP1's phosphohydrolase and phosphodiesterase activities. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184292. [PMID: 38342362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) is an enzyme present in matrix vesicles (MV). NPP1 participates on the regulation of bone formation by producing pyrophosphate (PPi) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Here, we have used liposomes bearing dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), sphingomyelin (SM), and cholesterol (Chol) harboring NPP1 to mimic the composition of MV lipid rafts to investigate ionic and lipidic influence on NPP1 activity and mineral propagation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that DPPC-liposomes had spherical and smooth surface. The presence of SM and Chol elicited rough and smooth surface, respectively. NPP1 insertion produced protrusions in all the liposome surface. Maximum phosphodiesterase activity emerged at 0.082 M ionic strength, whereas maximum phosphomonohydrolase activity arose at low ionic strength. Phosphoserine-Calcium Phosphate Complex (PS-CPLX) and amorphous calcium-phosphate (ACP) induced mineral propagation in DPPC- and DPPC:SM-liposomes and in DPPC:Chol-liposomes, respectively. Mineral characterization revealed the presence of bands assigned to HAp in the mineral propagated by NPP1 harbored in DPPC-liposomes without nucleators or in DPPC:Chol-liposomes with ACP nucleators. These data show that studying how the ionic and lipidic environment affects NPP1 properties is important, especially for HAp obtained under controlled conditions in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz H S Andrilli
- Department of Chemistry, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Heitor G Sebinelli
- Department of Chemistry, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juçara G Cominal
- Department of Chemistry, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maytê Bolean
- Department of Chemistry, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Larwsk Hayann
- Department of Chemistry, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luís Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ana P Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Pietro Ciancaglini
- Department of Chemistry, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Laketa D, Lavrnja I. Extracellular Purine Metabolism-Potential Target in Multiple Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04104-9. [PMID: 38499905 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The purinergic signaling system comprises a complex network of extracellular purines and purine-metabolizing ectoenzymes, nucleotide and nucleoside receptors, ATP release channels, and nucleoside transporters. Because of its immunomodulatory function, this system is critically involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its best-characterized animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). MS is a chronic neuroinflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease with autoimmune etiology and great heterogeneity, mostly affecting young adults and leading to permanent disability. In MS/EAE, alterations were detected in almost all components of the purinergic signaling system in both peripheral immune cells and central nervous system (CNS) glial cells, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. A decrease in extracellular ATP levels and an increase in its downstream metabolites, particularly adenosine and inosine, were frequently observed at MS, indicating a shift in metabolism toward an anti-inflammatory environment. Accordingly, upregulation of the major ectonucleotidase tandem CD39/CD73 was detected in the blood cells and CNS of relapsing-remitting MS patients. Based on the postulated role of A2A receptors in the transition from acute to chronic neuroinflammation, the association of variants of the adenosine deaminase gene with the severity of MS, and the beneficial effects of inosine treatment in EAE, the adenosinergic system emerged as a promising target in neuroinflammation. More recently, several publications have identified ADP-dependent P2Y12 receptors and the major extracellular ADP producing enzyme nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 (NTPDase2) as novel potential targets in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Laketa
- Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 3, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- Institute for Biological Research, Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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6
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Du B, Ru J, Zhan Z, Lin C, Liu Y, Mao W, Zhang J. Insight into small-molecule inhibitors targeting extracellular nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase1 for potential multiple human diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116286. [PMID: 38432057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) has been identified as a type II transmembrane glycoprotein. It plays a crucial role in various biological processes, such as bone mineralization, cancer cell proliferation, and immune regulation. Consequently, ENPP1 has garnered attention as a promising target for pharmacological interventions. Despite its potential, the development of clinical-stage ENPP1 inhibitors for solid tumors, diabetes, and silent rickets remains limited. However, there are encouraging findings from preclinical trials involving small molecules exhibiting favorable therapeutic effects and safety profiles. This perspective aims to shed light on the structural properties, biological functions and the relationship between ENPP1 and diseases. Additionally, it focuses on the structure-activity relationship of ENPP1 inhibitors, with the intention of guiding the future development of new and effective ENPP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochan Du
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-system and Multimorbidity Laboratory and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinxiao Ru
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-system and Multimorbidity Laboratory and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zixuan Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-system and Multimorbidity Laboratory and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Congcong Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Wuyu Mao
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-system and Multimorbidity Laboratory and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-system and Multimorbidity Laboratory and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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7
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Sun Y, Chen M, Han Y, Li W, Ma X, Shi Z, Zhou Y, Xu L, Yu L, Wang Y, Yu J, Diao X, Meng L, Xu S. Discovery of Pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidin-7-one Derivatives as Highly Potent and Efficacious Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3986-4006. [PMID: 38387074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) is an extracellular enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), the endogenous agonist for the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. Inhibition of ENPP1 can trigger STING and promote antitumor immunity, offering an attractive therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. Despite progress in the discovery of ENPP1 inhibitors, the diversity in chemical structures and the efficacy of the agents are far from desirable, emphasizing the demand for novel inhibitors. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of ENPP1 inhibitors based on the pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one scaffold. Optimization efforts led to compound 31 with significant potency in both ENPP1 inhibition and STING pathway stimulation in vitro. Notably, 31 demonstrated in vivo efficacy in a syngeneic 4T1 mouse triple negative breast cancer model. These findings provide a promising lead compound with a novel scaffold for further drug development in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoliang Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuyan Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zihan Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lan Xu
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xingxing Diao
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linghua Meng
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shilin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Zhang HJ, Ociepa M, Nassir M, Zheng B, Lewicki SA, Salmaso V, Baburi H, Nagel J, Mirza S, Bueschbell B, Al-Hroub H, Perzanowska O, Lin Z, Schmidt MA, Eastgate MD, Jacobson KA, Müller CE, Kowalska J, Jemielity J, Baran PS. Stereocontrolled access to thioisosteres of nucleoside di- and triphosphates. Nat Chem 2024; 16:249-258. [PMID: 37857844 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphates and triphosphates impact nearly every aspect of biochemistry; however, the use of such compounds as tools or medicinal leads for nucleotide-dependent enzymes and receptors is hampered by their rapid in vivo metabolism. Although a successful strategy to address the instability of the monophosphate moiety in oligonucleotide therapeutics has been accomplished by their isosteric replacement with phosphorothioates, no practical methods exist to rapidly and controllably access stereopure di- and triphosphate thioisosteres of both natural and unnatural nucleosides. Here we show how a modular, reagent-based platform can enable the stereocontrolled and scalable synthesis of a library of such molecules. This operationally simple approach provides access to pure stereoisomers of nucleoside α-thiodiphosphates and α-thiotriphosphates, as well as symmetrical or unsymmetrical dinucleoside thiodiphosphates and thiotriphosphates (including RNA cap reagents). We demonstrate that ligand-receptor interactions can be dramatically influenced by P-stereochemistry, showing that such thioisosteric replacements can have profound effects on the potency and stability of lead candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michał Ociepa
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Molhm Nassir
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bin Zheng
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah A Lewicki
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helay Baburi
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Nagel
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Beatriz Bueschbell
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Haneen Al-Hroub
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olga Perzanowska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ziqin Lin
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Martin D Eastgate
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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9
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Ma C, Zhao J, Zhou L, Jia C, Shi Y, Li X, Jihu K, Zhang T. Targeting ENPP1 depletion may be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating oral squamous cell carcinoma via cytotoxic autophagy-related apoptosis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23420. [PMID: 38231531 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301835r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
ENPP1 depletion closely related with modulation immunotherapy of several types of cancer. However, the role of ENPP1 correlation with autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) pathogenesis remain unknown. In this study, effects of ENPP1 on OSCC cells in vitro were examined by cell proliferation assay, transwell chamber assay, flow cytometry analysis and shRNA technique. Cellular key proteins related to cell autophagy and apoptosis were evaluated by Western blot and immunofluorescent staining. Moreover, functions of ENPP1 on OSCC process were observed in nude mouse model. We reported that overexpression of ENPP1 promote the growth of OSCC cell xenografts in nude mouse model. In contrast, ENPP1 downregulation significantly inhibits OSCC cancer growth and induces apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, which are preceded by cytotoxic autophagy. ENPP1downregulation induces a robust accumulation of autophagosomes, increases LC3B-II and decreases SQSTM1/p62 in ENPP1-shRNA-treated cells and xenografts. Mechanistic studies show that ENPP1 downregulation increases PRKAA1 phosphorylation leading to ULK1 activation. AMPK-inhibition abrogates ENPP1 downregulation-induced ULK1-activation, LC3B-turnover and SQSTM1/p62-degradation while AMPK-activation potentiates it's effects. Collectively, these data uncover that ENPP1 downregulation induces autophagic cell death in OSCC cancer, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jizhi Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lian Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Congwei Jia
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Kedi Jihu
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, P.R. China
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Duangiad P, Nutho B, Chaijarasphong T, Morales NP, Pongtharangkul T, Hamachi I, Ojida A, Wongkongkatep J. Naturally occurring quercetin and myricetin as potent inhibitors for human ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1. Sci Rep 2024; 14:125. [PMID: 38167594 PMCID: PMC10761680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases 1 (ENPP1) is a key enzyme in purinergic signaling pathways responsible for cell-to-cell communications and regulation of several fundamental pathophysiological processes. In this study, Kyoto Green, a rapid chemical sensor of pyrophosphate, was employed to screen for effective ENPP1 inhibitors among five representative flavonoids (quercetin, myricetin, morin, kaempferol, and quercetin-3-glucoside), five nucleosides (adenosine, guanosine, inosine, uridine, and cytidine), and five deoxynucleosides (2'- and 3'-deoxyadenosine, 2'-deoxyguanosine, 2'-deoxyinosine, and 2'-deoxyuridine). Conventional colorimetric, fluorescence, and bioluminescence assays revealed that ENPP1 was effectively inhibited by quercetin (Ki ~ 4 nM) and myricetin (Ki ~ 32 nM) when ATP was used as a substrate at pH 7.4. In silico analysis indicated that the presence of a chromone scaffold, particularly one containing a hydroxyl group at the 3' position on the B ring, may promote binding to the active site pocket of ENPP1 and enhance inhibition. This study demonstrated that the naturally derived quercetin and myricetin could effectively inhibit ENPP1 enzymatic activity and may offer health benefits in arthritis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peeradon Duangiad
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Bodee Nutho
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thawatchai Chaijarasphong
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Noppawan Phumala Morales
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thunyarat Pongtharangkul
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akio Ojida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jirarut Wongkongkatep
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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11
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Lopez V, Schuh HJM, Mirza S, Vaaßen VJ, Schmidt MS, Sylvester K, Idris RM, Renn C, Schäkel L, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Naggi A, Scheffler B, Lee SY, Bendas G, Müller CE. Heparins are potent inhibitors of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phospho-diesterase-1 (NPP1) - a promising target for the immunotherapy of cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1173634. [PMID: 37711611 PMCID: PMC10497752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1173634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heparins, naturally occurring glycosaminoglycans, are widely used for thrombosis prevention. Upon application as anticoagulants in cancer patients, heparins were found to possess additional antitumor activities. Ectonucleotidases have recently been proposed as novel targets for cancer immunotherapy. Methods and results In the present study, we discovered that heparin and its derivatives act as potent, selective, allosteric inhibitors of the poorly investigated ectonucleotidase NPP1 (nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1, CD203a). Structure-activity relationships indicated that NPP1 inhibition could be separated from the compounds' antithrombotic effect. Moreover, unfractionated heparin (UFH) and different low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) inhibited extracellular adenosine production by the NPP1-expressing glioma cell line U87 at therapeutically relevant concentrations. As a consequence, heparins inhibited the ability of U87 cell supernatants to induce CD4+ T cell differentiation into immunosuppressive Treg cells. Discussion NPP1 inhibition likely contributes to the anti-cancer effects of heparins, and their specific optimization may lead to improved therapeutics for the immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Lopez
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H. J. Maximilian Schuh
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Victoria J. Vaaßen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael S. Schmidt
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Riham M. Idris
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Renn
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Schäkel
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Départment de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Annamaria Naggi
- Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research “G. Ronzoni”, Milan, Italy
| | - Björn Scheffler
- DKFZ Division Translational Neurooncology at the West German Cancer Center (WTZ), DKTK Partner site, University Hospital Essen and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sang-Yong Lee
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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12
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Kulesza T, Typiak M, Rachubik P, Rogacka D, Audzeyenka I, Saleem MA, Piwkowska A. Pit 1 transporter (SLC20A1) as a key factor in the NPP1-mediated inhibition of insulin signaling in human podocytes. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1921-1936. [PMID: 37269459 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are crucially involved in blood filtration in the glomerulus. Their proper function relies on efficient insulin responsiveness. The insulin resistance of podocytes, defined as a reduction of cell sensitivity to this hormone, is the earliest pathomechanism of microalbuminuria that is observed in metabolic syndrome and diabetic nephropathy. In many tissues, this alteration is mediated by the phosphate homeostasis-controlling enzyme nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1). By binding to the insulin receptor (IR), NPP1 inhibits downstream cellular signaling. Our previous research found that hyperglycemic conditions affect another protein that is involved in phosphate balance, type III sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1 (Pit 1). In the present study, we evaluated the insulin resistance of podocytes after 24 h of incubation under hyperinsulinemic conditions. Thereafter, insulin signaling was inhibited. The formation of NPP1/IR complexes was observed at that time. A novel finding in the present study was our observation of an interaction between NPP1 and Pit 1 after the 24 h stimulation of podocytes with insulin. After downregulation of the SLC20A1 gene, which encodes Pit 1, we established insulin resistance in podocytes that were cultured under native conditions, manifested as a lack of intracellular insulin signaling and the inhibition of glucose uptake via the glucose transporter type 4. These findings suggest that Pit 1 might be a major factor that participates in the NPP1-mediated inhibition of insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kulesza
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marlena Typiak
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Rachubik
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Rogacka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Irena Audzeyenka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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13
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Zaigham ZH, Ullah S, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Iqbal J, Hassan A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfamoyl benzamide derivatives as selective inhibitors for h-NTPDases. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20909-20915. [PMID: 37441049 PMCID: PMC10335114 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03874b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research work is the synthesis of sulfamoyl-benzamides as a selective inhibitor for h-NTPDases. Sulfonamides are synthesized in aqueous medium from chlorosulfonylbenzoic acid while carboxamides are synthesized using carbodiimide coupling decorated with different biologically relevant substituents such as n-butyl, cyclopropyl, benzylamine, morpholine, and substituted anilines. In addition, sulfonamide-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized having the same substituents on either side. These compounds were screened against h-NTPDase activity, a main family of ectonucleotidases. Among the eight discovered isoforms of the h-NTPDases, four isoforms, h-NTPDase1, -2, -3, and -8, are involved in various physiological and pathological functions, for instance thrombosis, diabetes, inflammation, and cancer. The compound N-(4-bromophenyl)-4-chloro-3-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)benzenesulfonamide (3i) was found to be the most potent inhibitor of h-NTPDase1 with an IC50 value of 2.88 ± 0.13 μM. Similarly, the compounds N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(morpholinosulfonyl)benzamide (3f), 5-(N-benzylsulfamoyl)-2-chloro-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzamide (3j) and 2-chloro-N-cyclopropyl-5-(N-cyclopropylsulfamoyl)benzamide (4d) reduced the activity of the h-NTPDases2 with IC50 in sub-micromolar concentrations. Against the h-NTPDase3, 3i was the potent compound with an IC50 concentration of 0.72 ± 0.11 μM. The h-NTPDase8 was selectively blocked by the most potent inhibitor 2-chloro-5-(N-cyclopropylsulfamoyl)benzoic acid (2d) with (IC50 = 0.28 ± 0.07 μM). Moreover, the molecular docking studies of the potent inhibitors showed significant interactions with the amino acids of the respective h-NTPDase homology model proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saif Ullah
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval Québec City QC Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval Québec City QC Canada
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval Québec City QC Canada
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Abbas Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
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14
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Ruiz-Fernández de Córdoba B, Martínez-Monge R, Lecanda F. ENPP1 Immunobiology as a Therapeutic Target. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2184-2193. [PMID: 36719675 PMCID: PMC10261920 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ENPP1 (ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase) participates in the hydrolysis of different purine nucleotides in an array of physiologic processes. However, ENPP1 is frequently overexpressed in local relapses and tumor metastases, which are associated with poor prognosis and survival in a range of solid tumors. ENPP1 promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) by tilting the balance of ATP/adenosine (Ado) in conjunction with other components (CD38, CD39/ENTPD1, and CD73/NT5E). Moreover, ENPP1 intersects with the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), impairing its robust immune response through the hydrolysis of the effector 2´,3´-cyclic GMP-AMP. Thus, ENPP1 blockade emerges as a unique target eliciting immune remodeling and leveraging the STING pathway. Several ENPP1 inhibitors have shown an immunostimulatory effect, and their combination with other therapeutic modalities, such as immune-checkpoint blockade, STING activation, DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors, and radiotherapy (RT), represents a promising avenue to boost antitumor-immune responses and to improve current clinical outcomes in several tumors. This comprehensive review summarizes the current state of the art and opens new perspectives for novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Ruiz-Fernández de Córdoba
- Solid Tumors Program. Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra (CIMA), Navarra, Spain
| | - Rafael Martínez-Monge
- Oncology, Clínica University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
- Radiation Oncology, Clínica University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Solid Tumors Program. Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra (CIMA), Navarra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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15
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Zhang M, Dai X, Xiang Y, Xie L, Sun M, Shi J. Advances in CD73 inhibitors for immunotherapy: Antibodies, synthetic small molecule compounds, and natural compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115546. [PMID: 37302340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumors, a disease with a high mortality rate worldwide, have become a serious threat to human health. Exonucleotide-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is an emerging target for tumor therapy. Its inhibition can significantly reduce adenosine levels in the tumor microenvironment. It has a better therapeutic effect on adenosine-induced immunosuppression. In the immune response, extracellular ATP exerts immune efficacy by activating T cells. However, dead tumor cells release excess ATP, overexpress CD39 and CD73 on the cell membrane and catabolize this ATP to adenosine. This leads to further immunosuppression. There are a number of inhibitors of CD73 currently under investigation. These include antibodies, synthetic small molecule inhibitors and a number of natural compounds with prominent roles in the anti-tumor field. However, only a small proportion of the CD73 inhibitors studied to date have successfully reached the clinical stage. Therefore, effective and safe inhibition of CD73 in oncology therapy still holds great therapeutic potential. This review summarizes the currently reported CD73 inhibitors, describes their inhibitory effects and pharmacological mechanisms, and provides a brief review of them. It aims to provide more information for further research and development of CD73 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Dai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Linshen Xie
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Minghan Sun
- Central of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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16
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Mikkola S, Eguaogie O, Nieminen A, Conlon PF, Jakeman DL, Moore K, Lane IC, Vyle JS. 5'-Chalcogen-Substituted Nucleoside Pyrophosphate and Phosphate Monoester Analogues: Preparation and Hydrolysis Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415582. [PMID: 36555224 PMCID: PMC9778984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel sulfur and selenium substituted 5',5'-linked dinucleoside pyrophate analogues were prepared in a vibration ball mill from the corresponding persilylated monophosphate. The chemical hydrolysis of pyrophosphorochalcogenolate-linked dimers was studied over a wide pH-range. The effect of the chalcogeno-substitution on the reactivity of dinucleoside pyrophosphates was surprisingly modest, and the chemical stability is promising considering the potential therapeutic or diagnostic applications. The chemical stability of the precursor phosphorochalcogenolate monoesters was also investigated. Hydrolytic desilylation of these materials was effected in aqueous buffer at pH 3, 7 or 11 and resulted in phosphorus-chalcogen bond scission which was monitored using 31P NMR. The rate of dephosphorylation was dependent upon both the nature of the chalcogen and the pH. The integrity of the P-S bond in the corresponding phosphorothiolate was maintained at high pH but rapidly degraded at pH 3. In contrast, P-Se bond cleavage of the phosphoroselenolate monoester was rapid and the rate increased with alkalinity. The results obtained in kinetic experiments provide insight on the reactivity of the novel pyrophosphates studied as well as of other types of thiosubstituted biological phosphates. At the same time, these results also provide evidence for possible formation of unexpectedly reactive intermediates as the chalcogen-substituted analogues are metabolised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Mikkola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (J.S.V.)
| | - Olga Eguaogie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University of Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Anu Nieminen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Patrick F. Conlon
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University of Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David L. Jakeman
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Keith Moore
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University of Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Ian C. Lane
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University of Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Joseph S. Vyle
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University of Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (J.S.V.)
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17
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Identification of thienopyrimidine glycinates as selective inhibitors for h-NTPDases. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Choi J. Small molecule ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy for harnessing innate immunity. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junwon Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology Ajou University Suwon Gyeonggi Republic of Korea
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19
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Guscott M, Saha A, Maharaj J, McClelland SE. The multifaceted role of micronuclei in tumour progression: A whole organism perspective. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 152:106300. [PMID: 36189461 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Within most tumour types, cancerous cells exist in a state of aneuploidy, an incorrect chromosome number or structure. Additionally, tumour cells frequently exhibit chromosomal instability; the ongoing loss or gain of whole or parts of chromosomes during cell division. Chromosomal instability results in a high rate of chromosome segregation defects, and a constantly changing genomic landscape. A second consequence of recurrent chromosome segregation defects is the exclusion of mis-segregated chromatin from the newly reforming nucleus. Chromosomes, or chromosome fragments that are not incorporated into the main nucleus are often packaged into extranuclear structures called micronuclei. While the initial impact of micronucleus formation is an imbalance or loss of genetic material in the resulting daughter cells, several other downstream consequences are now known to result from this process. In this review, we discuss the further consequences of micronucleus formation, including how structural changes to the micronuclear envelope, and the rupturing of micronuclear membranes can contribute to metastasis, immune cell activation and overall, tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Guscott
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Akash Saha
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jovanna Maharaj
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Ullah S, Hamid K, Batool A, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Khan AR, Langer P, Iqbal J. Synthesis of new sulphonate derivatives containing adamantane and 4-chlorophenyl moieties as nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 and -3 inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Schäkel L, Mirza S, Winzer R, Lopez V, Idris R, Al-Hroub H, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Tolosa E, Müller CE. Protein kinase inhibitor ceritinib blocks ectonucleotidase CD39 - a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004660. [PMID: 35981785 PMCID: PMC9394215 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An important mechanism, by which cancer cells achieve immune escape, is the release of extracellular adenosine into their microenvironment. Adenosine activates adenosine A2A and A2B receptors on immune cells constituting one of the strongest immunosuppressive mediators. In addition, extracellular adenosine promotes angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, and metastasis. Cancer cells upregulate ectonucleotidases, most importantly CD39 and CD73, which catalyze the hydrolysis of extracellular ATP to AMP (CD39) and further to adenosine (CD73). Inhibition of CD39 is thus expected to be an effective strategy for the (immuno)therapy of cancer. However, suitable small molecule inhibitors for CD39 are not available. Our aim was to identify drug-like CD39 inhibitors and evaluate them in vitro. Methods We pursued a repurposing approach by screening a self-compiled collection of approved, mostly ATP-competitive protein kinase inhibitors, on human CD39. The best hit compound was further characterized and evaluated in various orthogonal assays and enzyme preparations, and on human immune and cancer cells. Results The tyrosine kinase inhibitor ceritinib, a potent anticancer drug used for the treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, was found to strongly inhibit CD39 showing selectivity versus other ectonucleotidases. The drug displays a non-competitive, allosteric mechanism of CD39 inhibition exhibiting potency in the low micromolar range, which is independent of substrate (ATP) concentration. We could show that ceritinib inhibits ATP dephosphorylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in a significant increase in ATP concentrations and preventing adenosine formation from ATP. Importantly, ceritinib (1–10 µM) substantially inhibited ATP hydrolysis in triple negative breast cancer and melanoma cells with high native expression of CD39. Conclusions CD39 inhibition might contribute to the effects of the powerful anticancer drug ceritinib. Ceritinib is a novel CD39 inhibitor with high metabolic stability and optimized physicochemical properties; according to our knowledge, it is the first brain-permeant CD39 inhibitor. Our discovery will provide the basis (i) to develop more potent and balanced dual CD39/ALK inhibitors, and (ii) to optimize the ceritinib scaffold towards interaction with CD39 to obtain potent and selective drug-like CD39 inhibitors for future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schäkel
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Riekje Winzer
- Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vittoria Lopez
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Riham Idris
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Haneen Al-Hroub
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Départment de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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22
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Arif M, Shabir G, Ejaz SA, Saeed A, Khan SU, Lecka J, Sévigny J, Iqbal J. Diacylhydrazine Derivatives of 2-(5-(Pyridin-3-yl)-2H-Tetrazol-2-yl)Acetohydrazide and 2-(5-(Pyridin-4-yl)-2H-Tetrazol-2-yl)Acetohydrazide as Potential Inhibitors of Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022050053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Andrilli LHS, Sebinelli HG, Favarin BZ, Cruz MAE, Ramos AP, Bolean M, Millán JL, Bottini M, Ciancaglini P. NPP1 and TNAP hydrolyze ATP synergistically during biomineralization. Purinergic Signal 2022:10.1007/s11302-022-09882-2. [DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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24
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Jarosova R, Ondrackova P, Leva L, Nedbalcova K, Vicenova M, Masek J, Volf J, Gebauer J, Do T, Guran R, Sladek Z, Dominguez J, Faldyna M. Cytokine expression by CD163+ monocytes in healthy and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-infected pigs. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:1-9. [PMID: 35901636 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Distinct monocyte subpopulations have been previously described in healthy pigs and pigs experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP). The CD163+ subpopulation of bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PB) and lung monocytes was found to play an important role in the inflammatory process. The inflammation is accompanied by elevation of inflammatory cytokines. The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of CD163+ monocytes and macrophages to cytokine production during APP-induced lung inflammation. Cytokine production was assessed by flow cytometry (FC) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) in CD163+ monocytes and by qPCR, immunohistochemistry/fluorescence in lungs and tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLN). Despite the systemic inflammatory response after APP infection, BM and PB CD163+ monocytes did not express elevated levels of a wide range of cytokines compared to control pigs. In contrast, significant amounts of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were produced in lung lesions and IL-1β in the TBLN. At the protein level, TNF-α was expressed by both CD163+ monocytes and macrophages in lung lesions, whereas IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 expression was found only in CD163+ monocytes; no CD163+ macrophages were found to produce these cytokines. Furthermore, the quantification of CD163+ monocytes expressing the two cytokines IL-1β and IL-8 that were most elevated was performed. In lung lesions, 36.5% IL-1β positive CD163+ monocytes but only 18.3% IL-8 positive CD163+ monocytes were found. In conclusion, PB and BM CD163+ monocytes do not appear to contribute to the elevated cytokine levels in plasma. On the other hand, CD163+ monocytes contribute to inflammatory cytokine expression, especially IL-1β at the site of inflammation during the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rea Jarosova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Morphology, Physiology and Animal Genetics, The Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Lenka Leva
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | - Josef Masek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Volf
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Gebauer
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Do
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Guran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbysek Sladek
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Animal Genetics, The Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Javier Dominguez
- Departmento de Biotecnologia, Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (CSIC-INIA), Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Bano S, Al-Rashida M, Alharthy RD, Khan IA, Iqbal J. Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) including NPP1 and NPP2/ ATX as important drug targets: A patent review (2015-2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:743-751. [PMID: 35333684 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2058874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases), alkaline phosphatases (APs), and ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) are nucleotidases found on the cell surface. It is a promising therapeutic target for a range of disorders, including fibrosis, tumour metastasis, pruritus, inflammation, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune diseases. As a result, therapeutic intervention including selective inhibitors of NPPs is required. AREA COVERED Many chemical substances, including pyrazole, pyridine and bicyclic compounds have demonstrated promising inhibitory potential for ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases. The chemistry and clinical applications of NPPs inhibitors patented between 2015 and 2020 are discussed in this review. EXPERT OPINION : In recent years, there has been a lot of effort put into finding effective and selective inhibitors of NPPs. Despite the fact that a variety of synthetic inhibitors have been created, only a few investigations on their in vivo activity have been published. In addition to IOA-289 which has passed Phase Ia clinical trials; potent ATX inhibitor compounds such as BLD-0409, IPF and BBT-877 have been placed in phase I clinical studies. Some of the most promising ATX inhibitors in recent years are closely related analogs of previously known inhibitors, such as PF-8380. Knowledge of the structure activity relationship of such promising inhibitors can potentially translate into the discovery of more potent and effective inhibitors of NPP with a variety of structural characteristics and favourable therapeutic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Bano
- Center for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Mariya Al-Rashida
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Rima D Alharthy
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Arts College, Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imtiaz Ali Khan
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural University, Peshawar 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Center for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
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Kulesza T, Typiak M, Rachubik P, Audzeyenka I, Rogacka D, Angielski S, Saleem MA, Piwkowska A. Hyperglycemic environment disrupts phosphate transporter function and promotes calcification processes in podocytes and isolated glomeruli. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2478-2491. [PMID: 35150131 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue calcification is a pathological phenomenon that often occurs in end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is caused by diabetic nephropathy, among other factors. Hyperphosphatemia present during course of CKD contributes to impairments in kidney function, particularly damages in the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). Essential elements of the GFB include glomerular epithelial cells, called podocytes. In the present study, we found that human immortalized podocytes express messenger RNA and protein of phosphate transporters, including NaPi 2c (SLC34A3), Pit 1 (SLC20A1), and Pit 2 (SLC20A2), which are sodium-dependent and mediate intracellular phosphate (Pi) transport, and XPR1, which is responsible for extracellular Pi transport. We found that cells that were grown in a medium with a high glucose (HG) concentration (30 mM) expressed less Pit 1 and Pit 2 protein than podocytes that were cultured in a standard glucose medium (11 mM). We found that exposure of the analyzed transporters in the cell membrane of the podocyte is altered by HG conditions. We also found that the activity of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase increased in HG, causing a rise in Pi generation. Additionally, HG led to a reduction of the amount of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 in the cell membrane of podocytes. The extracellular concentration of pyrophosphate also decreased under HG conditions. These data suggest that a hyperglycemic environment enhances the production of Pi in podocytes and its retention in the extracellular space, which may induce glomerular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kulesza
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marlena Typiak
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Rachubik
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Irena Audzeyenka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Rogacka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Stefan Angielski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract
The P2X7 receptor has been proposed as a novel drug target for different types of diseases associated with inflammation, including brain diseases, peripheral inflammation, and cancers. Structurally diverse P2X7 receptor antagonists, mainly negative allosteric modulators (NAMs), have been developed in recent years, and several P2X7 receptor antagonists are currently evaluated in clinical trials. The P2X7 receptor requires high micro- to even millimolar ATP concentrations to be activated. Selective agonists for the P2X7 receptor are not available. Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) have been described, but PAMs with high potency and selectivity are still lacking. This chapter discusses medicinal chemistry approaches toward the development of P2X7 receptor modulators and presents a selection of recommended tool compounds for studying P2X7 receptors in humans and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa E Müller
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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28
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Li Q, Tian S, Liang J, Fan J, Lai J, Chen Q. Therapeutic Development by Targeting the cGAS-STING Pathway in Autoimmune Disease and Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:779425. [PMID: 34867409 PMCID: PMC8634458 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.779425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA immune recognition regulation mediated by the cGAS-STING pathway plays an important role in immune functions. Under normal physiological conditions, cGAS can recognize and bind to invading pathogen DNA and activate the innate immune response. On the other hand, abnormal activation of cGAS or STING is closely related to autoimmune diseases. In addition, activation of STING proteins as a bridge connecting innate immunity and adaptive immunity can effectively restrain tumor growth. Therefore, targeting the cGAS-STING pathway can alleviate autoimmune symptoms and be a potential drug target for treating cancer. This article summarizes the current progress on cGAS-STING pathway modulators and lays the foundation for further investigating therapeutic development in autoimmune diseases and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumei Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuoran Tian
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiadi Liang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiqiang Fan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junzhong Lai
- The Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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29
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Stücker S, Bollmann M, Garbers C, Bertrand J. The role of calcium crystals and their effect on osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2021; 35:101722. [PMID: 34732285 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2021.101722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage. Due to its high prevalence and limited treatment options, OA has become one of the most disabling diseases in developed countries. In recent years, OA has been recognized as a heterogenic disease with various phenotypes. Calcium crystal-related endotypes, which are defined by either a distinct functional or pathobiological mechanism, are present in approximately 60% of all OA patients. Two different calcium crystals can accumulate in the joint and thereby calcify the cartilage matrix, which are basic calcium phosphate (BCP) and calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals. The formation of these crystals depends mainly on the balance of phosphate and pyrophosphate, which is regulated by specific proteins controlling the pyrophosphate metabolism. Dysregulation of these molecules subsequently leads to preferential formation of either BCP or CPP crystals. BCP crystals, on the one hand, are directly associated with OA severity and cartilage degradation. They are mostly located in the deeper cartilage layers and are associated with chondrocyte hypertrophy. CPP crystal deposition, on the other hand, is a hallmark of chondrocalcinosis and is associated with aging and chondrocyte senescence. Therefore, BCP and CPP crystals are associated with different chondrocyte phenotypes. However, BCP and CPP crystals are not mutually exclusive and can coexist in OA, creating a mixed endotype of OA. Both crystals clearly play a role in the pathogenesis of OA. However, the exact impact of each crystal type on either driving the disease progression or being a result of chondrocyte differentiation is still to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Stücker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Miriam Bollmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Garbers
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Jessica Bertrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
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30
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Schäkel L, Mirza S, Pietsch M, Lee SY, Keuler T, Sylvester K, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Pillaiyar T, Namasivayam V, Gütschow M, Müller CE. 2-Substituted thienotetrahydropyridine derivatives: Allosteric ectonucleotidase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100300. [PMID: 34697820 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The antithrombotic prodrugs ticlopidine and clopidogrel are thienotetrahydro-pyridine derivatives that are metabolized in the liver to produce thiols that irreversibly block adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-activated P2Y12 receptors on thrombocytes. In their native, nonmetabolized form, both drugs were reported to act as inhibitors of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1, CD39). CD39 catalyzes the extracellular hydrolysis of nucleoside tri- and diphosphates, mainly adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and ADP, yielding adenosine monophosphate, which is further hydrolyzed by ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) to produce adenosine. While ATP has proinflammatory effects, adenosine is a potent anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive agent. Inhibitors of CD39 and CD73 have potential as novel checkpoint inhibitors for the immunotherapy of cancer and infection. In the present study, we investigated 2-substituted thienotetrahydropyridine derivatives, structurally related to ticlopidine, as CD39 inhibitors. Due to their substituent on the 2-position, they will not be metabolically transformed into reactive thiols and can, therefore, be expected to be devoid of P2Y12 receptor-antagonistic activity in vivo. Several of the investigated 2-substituted thienotetrahydropyridine derivatives showed concentration-dependent inhibition of CD39. The most potent derivative, 32, showed similar CD39-inhibitory potency to ticlopidine, both acting as allosteric inhibitors. Compound 32 showed an improved selectivity profile: While ticlopidine blocked several NTPDase isoenzymes, 32 was characterized as a novel dual inhibitor of CD39 and CD73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schäkel
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute II of Pharmacology, Centre of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sang-Yong Lee
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim Keuler
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Départment de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Bhori M, Rastogi V, Tungare K, Marar T. A review on interplay between obesity, lipoprotein profile and nutrigenetics with selected candidate marker genes of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:687-703. [PMID: 34669123 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a rapidly growing epidemic, and its frequently related complications demand global attention. The two factors commonly attributed to the epidemic are genetic factors and environmental factors. Studies indicate that the genetic makeup at an individual level and the environmental aspects influence the occurrence of the disease. However, there is insufficiency in understanding the mechanisms through which the gene mutations and environmental components individually lead to T2DM. Also, discrepancies have often been noted in the association of gene variants and type 2 diabetes when the gene factor is examined as a sole attribute to the disease. STUDY In this review initially, we have focused on the proposed ways through which CAPN10, FABP2, GLUT2, TCF7L2, and ENPP1 variants lead to T2DM along with the inconsistencies observed in the gene-disease association. The article also emphasizes on obesity, lipoprotein profile, and nutrition as environmental factors and how they lead to T2DM. Finally, the main objective is explored, the environment-gene-disease association i.e. the influence of each environmental factor on the aforementioned specific gene-T2DM relationship to understand if the disease-causing capability of the gene variants is exacerbated by environmental influences. CONCLUSION We found that environmental factors may influence the gene-disease relationship. Reciprocally, the genetic factors may alter the environment-disease relationship. To precisely conclude that the two factors act synergistically to lead to T2DM, more attention has to be paid to the combined influence of the genetic variants and environmental factors on T2DM occurrence instead of studying the influence of the factors separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustansir Bhori
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed To Be University, Navi Mumbai, 400614, India
| | - Varuni Rastogi
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed To Be University, Navi Mumbai, 400614, India
| | - Kanchanlata Tungare
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed To Be University, Navi Mumbai, 400614, India.
| | - Thankamani Marar
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed To Be University, Navi Mumbai, 400614, India
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32
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Orhan IE, Rauf A, Saleem M, Khalil AA. Natural Molecules as Talented Inhibitors of Nucleotide Pyrophosphatases/Phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 22:209-228. [PMID: 34503407 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210909164118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a wide group of enzymes with multiple therapeutic actions, including vasorelaxation, cardiotonic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, anti-spasmolytic, memory-enhancing, and anti-asthmatic. PDEs with eleven subtypes from PDE-1 to PDE-11 typically catalyze the cleavage of the phosphodiester bond and, hence, degrades either cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). OBJECTIVE Several selective or non-selective inhibitors of the PDE subtypes are used clinically, i.e. sildenafil, rolipram, cysteine, etc. Recently, interest in plant-based pharmacologically bioactive compounds having potent PDEs inhibitory potential has increased. Purposely, extensive research has been carried out on natural products to explore new inhibitors of various PDEs. Therefore, this review summarizes the published data on natural PDEs inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications. METHODS For this purpose, natural compounds with PDE inhibitory potential have been surveyed through several databases, including PubMed, Web of Sciences (WoS), Scopus, and Google Scholar. RESULTS According to a detailed literature survey, the most promising class of herbal compounds with PDE-inhibiting property has been found to belong to phenolics, including flavonoids (luteolin, kaempferol, icariin, etc.). Many other encouraging inhibitors from plants have also been identified, such as coumarins (23, 24) (licoarylcoumarin and glycocoumarin,), saponins ( agapanthussaponins), lignans (31, 33) [(±)-schizandrin and kobusin], terpenes (28, 29, 31) (perianradulcin A, quinovic acid, and ursolic acid), anthraquinones (18, 19) (emodin and chrysophanol), and alkaloids (Sanjoinine-D) (36). CONCLUSION In this review, studies have revealed the PDE-inhibitory potential of natural plant extracts and their bioactive constituents in treating various diseases; however, further clinical studies comprising synergistic use of different therapies (synthetic & natural) to acquire multi-targeted results might also be a promising option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara. Turkey
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, 25120, KPK. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan-32200, Punjab. Pakistan
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore. Pakistan
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Murtaza A, Afzal S, Zaman G, Saeed A, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Iqbal J, Hassan A. Divergent synthesis and elaboration of structure activity relationship for quinoline derivatives as highly selective NTPDase inhibitor. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105240. [PMID: 34416508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Quinoline derivatives have interesting biological profile. In continuation for the comprehensive evaluations of substituted quinoline derivatives against human nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (h-NTPDases) a series of substituted quinoline derivatives (2a-g, 3a-f, 4, 5a-c, 6) was synthesized. The inhibitory activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against four isoenzymes of human nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (h-NTPDases). These quinoline derivatives had IC50 (µM) values in the range of 0.20-1.75, 0.77-2.20, 0.36-5.50 and 0.90-1.82 for NTPDase1, NTPDase2, NTPDase3 and NTPDase8, respectively. The derivative 3f was the most active compound against NTPDase1 (IC50, 0.20 ± 0.02 µM) that also possessed selectivity towards NTPDase1. Similarly, derivative 3b (IC50, 0.77 ± 0.06), 2h (IC50, 0.36 ± 0.01) and 2c (IC50, 0.90 ± 0.08) displayed excellent activity corresponding to NTPDase2, NTPDase3 and NTPdase8. The compound 5c emerged as a selective inhibitor of NTPDase8. The most active compounds were then investigated to determine their mode of inhibition and finally binding interactions of the active compounds were analyzed through molecular docking studies. The obtained results strongly support the quinoline scaffold's potential as potent and selective NTPDase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Murtaza
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saira Afzal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Gohar Zaman
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
| | - Abbas Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Synthesis, In-vitro evaluation and molecular docking studies of oxoindolin phenylhydrazine carboxamides as potent and selective inhibitors of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase). Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104957. [PMID: 34020240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Members of the ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) constitute the major family of enzymes responsible for the maintenance of extracellular levels of nucleotides and nucleosides by catalyzing the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) and nucleoside diphosphates (NDP) to nucleoside monophosphate (NMP). Although, NTPDase inhibitors can act as potential drug candidates for the treatment of various diseases, there is lack of potent as well as selective inhibitors of NTPDases. The current study describes the synthesis of a number of carboxamide derivatives that were tested on recombinant human (h) NTPDases. The most promising inhibitors were 2h (h-NTPDase1, IC50: 0.12 ± 0.03 µM), 2d (h-NTPDase2, IC50: 0.15 ± 0.01 µM) and 2a (h-NTPDase3, IC50: 0.30 ± 0.04 µM; h-NTPDase8, IC50: 0.16 ± 0.02 µM). Four compounds (2e, 2f, 2g and 2h) were associated with the selective inhibition of h-NTPDase1 while 2b was identified as a selective h-NTPDase3 inhibitor. Considering the importance of NTPDase3 in the regulation of insulin release, the NTPDase3 inhibitors were further investigated to elucidate their role in the insulin release. The obtained data suggested that compound 2a was actively participating in regulating the insulin release without producing any effect on NTPDase3 mRNA. Moreover, the most potent inhibitors were docked within the active site of respective enzyme and the observed interactions were in compliance with in vitro results. Hence, these compounds can be used as pharmacological tool to further investigate the role of NTPDase3 coupled to insulin release.
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Gasparrini M, Sorci L, Raffaelli N. Enzymology of extracellular NAD metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3317-3331. [PMID: 33755743 PMCID: PMC8038981 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03742-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular NAD represents a key signaling molecule in different physiological and pathological conditions. It exerts such function both directly, through the activation of specific purinergic receptors, or indirectly, serving as substrate of ectoenzymes, such as CD73, nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1, CD38 and its paralog CD157, and ecto ADP ribosyltransferases. By hydrolyzing NAD, these enzymes dictate extracellular NAD availability, thus regulating its direct signaling role. In addition, they can generate from NAD smaller signaling molecules, like the immunomodulator adenosine, or they can use NAD to ADP-ribosylate various extracellular proteins and membrane receptors, with significant impact on the control of immunity, inflammatory response, tumorigenesis, and other diseases. Besides, they release from NAD several pyridine metabolites that can be taken up by the cell for the intracellular regeneration of NAD itself. The extracellular environment also hosts nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase, which inside the cell catalyze key reactions in NAD salvaging pathways. The extracellular forms of these enzymes behave as cytokines, with pro-inflammatory functions. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the extracellular NAD metabolome and describes the major biochemical properties of the enzymes involved in extracellular NAD metabolism, focusing on the contribution of their catalytic activities to the biological function. By uncovering the controversies and gaps in their characterization, further research directions are suggested, also to better exploit the great potential of these enzymes as therapeutic targets in various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Gasparrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sorci
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nadia Raffaelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
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Gong L, Ding W, Chen Y, Yu K, Guo C, Zhou B. Inhibition of Mitochondrial ATP Synthesis and Regulation of Oxidative Stress Based on {SbW
8
O
30
} Determined by Single‐Cell Proteomics Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lige Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science and Technology Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 China
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials Ministry of Education Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 P. R. China
| | - Wenqiao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science and Technology Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science and Technology Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 China
| | - Kai Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science and Technology Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 China
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials Ministry of Education Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 P. R. China
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science and Technology Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 China
| | - Baibin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science and Technology Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 China
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials Ministry of Education Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 P. R. China
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Gong L, Ding W, Chen Y, Yu K, Guo C, Zhou B. Inhibition of Mitochondrial ATP Synthesis and Regulation of Oxidative Stress Based on {SbW 8 O 30 } Determined by Single-Cell Proteomics Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8344-8351. [PMID: 33491871 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The 10-nuclear heteroatom cluster modified {SbW8 O30 } was successfully synthesized and exhibited inhibitory activity (IC50 =0.29 μM). Based on proteomics analysis, Na4 Ni2 Sb2 W2 -SbW8 inhibited ATP production by affecting the expression of 16 related proteins, hindering metabolic functions in vivo and cell proliferation due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress. In particular, the low expression of FAD/FMN-binding redox enzymes (relative expression ratio of the experimental group to the control=0.43843) could be attributed to the redox mechanism of Na4 Ni2 Sb2 W2 -SbW8 , which was consistent with the effect of polyoxometalates (POMs) and FMN-binding proteins on ATP formation. An electrochemical study showed that Na4 Ni2 Sb2 W2 -SbW8 combined with FMN to form Na4 Ni2 Sb2 W2 -SbW8 -2FMN complex through a one-electron process of the W atoms. Na4 Ni2 Sb2 W2 -SbW8 acted as catalase and glutathione peroxidase to protect the cell from ROS stress, and the inhibition rates were 63.3 % at 1.77 μM of NADPH and 86.06 % at 10.62 μM of 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid. Overall, our results showed that POMs can be specific oxidative/antioxidant regulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lige Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.,Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.,Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, P. R. China
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Baibin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.,Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, P. R. China
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Lopez V, Schäkel L, Schuh HJM, Schmidt MS, Mirza S, Renn C, Pelletier J, Lee SY, Sévigny J, Alban S, Bendas G, Müller CE. Sulfated Polysaccharides from Macroalgae Are Potent Dual Inhibitors of Human ATP-Hydrolyzing Ectonucleotidases NPP1 and CD39. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020051. [PMID: 33499103 PMCID: PMC7911304 DOI: 10.3390/md19020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP mediates proinflammatory and antiproliferative effects via activation of P2 nucleotide receptors. In contrast, its metabolite, the nucleoside adenosine, is strongly immunosuppressive and enhances tumor proliferation and metastasis. The conversion of ATP to adenosine is catalyzed by ectonucleotidases, which are expressed on immune cells and typically upregulated on tumor cells. In the present study, we identified sulfopolysaccharides from brown and red sea algae to act as potent dual inhibitors of the main ATP-hydrolyzing ectoenzymes, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (NPP1) and ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1, CD39), showing nano- to picomolar potency and displaying a non-competitive mechanism of inhibition. We showed that one of the sulfopolysaccharides tested as a representative example reduced adenosine formation at the surface of the human glioblastoma cell line U87 in a concentration-dependent manner. These natural products represent the most potent inhibitors of extracellular ATP hydrolysis known to date and have potential as novel therapeutics for the immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Lopez
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (V.L.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (C.R.); (S.-Y.L.)
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Schäkel
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (V.L.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (C.R.); (S.-Y.L.)
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - H. J. Maximilian Schuh
- Pharmaceutical & Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (H.J.M.S.); (M.S.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Michael S. Schmidt
- Pharmaceutical & Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (H.J.M.S.); (M.S.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (V.L.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (C.R.); (S.-Y.L.)
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Renn
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (V.L.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (C.R.); (S.-Y.L.)
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (J.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Sang-Yong Lee
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (V.L.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (C.R.); (S.-Y.L.)
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (J.P.); (J.S.)
- Départment de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Susanne Alban
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Pharmaceutical & Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (H.J.M.S.); (M.S.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (V.L.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (C.R.); (S.-Y.L.)
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-73-2301; Fax: +49-228-73-2567
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Sex-related differences in human plasma NAD+/NADH levels depend on age. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227457. [PMID: 33393613 PMCID: PMC7809543 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme in metabolic reactions and cosubstrate in signaling pathways of cells. While the intracellular function of NAD is well described, much less is known about its importance as an extracellular molecule. Moreover, there is only little information about the concentration of extracellular NAD and the ratio between its oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) form in humans. Therefore, our study aimed at the analysis of total NAD and NAD+/NADH ratio in human plasma depending on sex and age. First, an enzymatic assay was established for detecting NAD+ and NADH in human plasma samples. Then, plasma NAD was analyzed in 205 probands without severe diseases (91 men, 114 women) being 18-83 years old. The total plasma NAD concentration was determined with median 1.34 µM (0.44-2.88 µM) without difference between men and women. Although the amounts of NAD+ and NADH were nearly balanced, women had higher plasma NAD+/NADH ratios than men (median 1.33 vs. 1.09, P<0.001). The sex-related difference in the plasma NAD+/NADH ratio reduces with increasing age, an effect that was more obvious for two parameters of the biological age (skin autofluorescence, brachial-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV)) than for the chronological age. However, plasma values for total NAD and NAD+/NADH ratio did not generally alter with increasing age. In conclusion, human plasma contains low micromolar concentrations of total NAD with higher NAD+/NADH redox ratios in adult but not older women compared with same-aged men.
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Groaz E, De Jonghe S. Overview of Biologically Active Nucleoside Phosphonates. Front Chem 2021; 8:616863. [PMID: 33490040 PMCID: PMC7821050 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.616863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of the phosphonate motif featuring a carbon-phosphorous bond as bioisosteric replacement of the labile P–O bond is widely recognized as an attractive structural concept in different areas of medicinal chemistry, since it addresses the very fundamental principles of enzymatic stability and minimized metabolic activation. This review discusses the most influential successes in drug design with special emphasis on nucleoside phosphonates and their prodrugs as antiviral and cancer treatment agents. A description of structurally related analogs able to interfere with the transmission of other infectious diseases caused by pathogens like bacteria and parasites will then follow. Finally, molecules acting as agonists/antagonists of P2X and P2Y receptors along with nucleotidase inhibitors will also be covered. This review aims to guide readers through the fundamentals of nucleoside phosphonate therapeutics in order to inspire the future design of molecules to target infections that are refractory to currently available therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Groaz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Kumar M, Lowery RG. Development of a High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of ENPP1. SLAS DISCOVERY 2021; 26:740-746. [PMID: 33402044 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220982321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune response to cancer is initiated by cytosolic DNA, where it binds to cGAS and triggers type I interferon (IFN) expression via the STING receptor, leading to activation of tumor-specific T cells. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) has been identified as the primary enzyme responsible for degrading cGAMP, and therefore it is under intense investigation as a therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. ENPP1 hydrolyzes cGAMP to produce AMP and GMP, and hydrolyzes ATP and other nucleotides to monophosphates and pyrophosphate. We developed a robust, high-throughput screening (HTS)-compatible enzymatic assay method for ENPP1 using the Transcreener AMP2/GMP2 Assay, a competitive fluorescence polarization (FP) immunoassay that enables direct detection of AMP and GMP in a homogenous format. The monoclonal antibody used in the Transcreener AMP2/GMP2 Assay showed more than 104-fold selectivity for AMP and GMP versus cGAMP, and 3000-fold selectivity for AMP over ATP, indicating that the assay can be used for detection at initial velocity with either substrate. A working concentration of 100 pM ENPP1 was determined as optimal with a 60 min reaction period, enabling screening with very low quantities of enzyme. A Z' value of 0.72 was determined using ATP as substrate, indicating a high-quality assay. Consistent with previous studies, we found that ENPP1 preferred ATP as a substrate when compared with other nucleotides like GTP, ADP, and GDP. ENPP1 showed a 20-fold selectivity for 2'3'cGAMP compared with 2'3'c-diGMP and showed no activity with 3'3'c-diAMP. The Transcreener AMP2/GMP2 Assay should prove to be a valuable tool for the discovery of ENPP1 lead molecules.
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42
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Yegutkin GG. Adenosine metabolism in the vascular system. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114373. [PMID: 33340515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The concept of extracellular purinergic signaling was first proposed by Geoffrey Burnstock in the early 1970s. Since then, extracellular ATP and its metabolites ADP and adenosine have attracted an enormous amount of attention in terms of their involvement in a wide range of immunomodulatory, thromboregulatory, angiogenic, vasoactive and other pathophysiological activities in different organs and tissues, including the vascular system. In addition to significant progress in understanding the properties of nucleotide- and adenosine-selective receptors, recent studies have begun to uncover the complexity of regulatory mechanisms governing the duration and magnitude of the purinergic signaling cascade. This knowledge has led to the development of new paradigms in understanding the entire purinome by taking into account the multitude of signaling and metabolic pathways involved in biological effects of ATP and adenosine and compartmentalization of the adenosine system. Along with the "canonical route" of ATP breakdown to adenosine via sequential ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 activities, it has now become clear that purine metabolism is the result of concerted effort between ATP release, its metabolism through redundant nucleotide-inactivating and counteracting ATP-regenerating ectoenzymatic pathways, as well as cellular nucleoside uptake and phosphorylation of adenosine to ATP through complex phosphotransfer reactions. In this review I provide an overview of key enzymes involved in adenosine metabolic network, with special emphasis on the emerging roles of purine-converting ectoenzymes as novel targets for cancer and vascular therapies.
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Kanwal A, Ullah S, Ahmad M, Pelletier J, Aslam S, Sultan S, Sévigny J, Iqbal M, Iqbal J. Synthesis and Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase Inhibition Studies of Carbohydrazides Based on Benzimidazole‐Benzothiazine Skeleton. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Kanwal
- Department of Chemistry Government College University Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Saif Ullah
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry Government College University Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec- Université Laval Québec, QC G1 V 4G2 Canada
| | - Sana Aslam
- Department of Chemistry Government College Women University Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Sadia Sultan
- Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns) Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec- Université Laval Québec, QC G1 V 4G2 Canada
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine Université Laval Québec, QC G1 V 0 A6 Canada
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
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Afzal S, Al-Rashida M, Hameed A, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Iqbal J. Functionalized Oxoindolin Hydrazine Carbothioamide Derivatives as Highly Potent Inhibitors of Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:585876. [PMID: 33328992 PMCID: PMC7734281 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) are ectoenzymes that play an important role in the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphate and diphosphate to nucleoside monophosphate. NTPDase1, -2, -3 and -8 are the membrane bound members of this enzyme family that are responsible for regulating the levels of nucleotides in extracellular environment. However, the pathophysiological functions of these enzymes are not fully understood due to lack of potent and selective NTPDase inhibitors. Herein, a series of oxoindolin hydrazine carbothioamide derivatives is synthesized and screened for NTPDase inhibitory activity. Four compounds were identified as selective inhibitors of h-NTPDase1 having IC50 values in lower micromolar range, these include compounds 8b (IC50 = 0.29 ± 0.02 µM), 8e (IC50 = 0.15 ± 0.009 µM), 8f (IC50 = 0.24 ± 0.01 µM) and 8l (IC50 = 0.30 ± 0.03 µM). Similarly, compound 8k (IC50 = 0.16 ± 0.01 µM) was found to be a selective h-NTPDase2 inhibitor. In case of h-NTPDase3, most potent inhibitors were compounds 8c (IC50 = 0.19 ± 0.02 µM) and 8m (IC50 = 0.38 ± 0.03 µM). Since NTPDase3 has been reported to be associated with the regulation of insulin secretion, we evaluated our synthesized NTPDase3 inhibitors for their ability to stimulate insulin secretion in isolated mice islets. Promising results were obtained showing that compound 8m potently stimulated insulin secretion without affecting the NTPDase3 gene expression. Molecular docking studies of the most potent compounds were also carried out to rationalize binding site interactions. Hence, these compounds are useful tools to study the role of NTPDase3 in insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Afzal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mariya Al-Rashida
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hameed
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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Czumaj A, Szrok-Jurga S, Hebanowska A, Turyn J, Swierczynski J, Sledzinski T, Stelmanska E. The Pathophysiological Role of CoA. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239057. [PMID: 33260564 PMCID: PMC7731229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of coenzyme A (CoA) as a carrier of acyl residues in cell metabolism is well understood. Coenzyme A participates in more than 100 different catabolic and anabolic reactions, including those involved in the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, ethanol, bile acids, and xenobiotics. However, much less is known about the importance of the concentration of this cofactor in various cell compartments and the role of altered CoA concentration in various pathologies. Despite continuous research on these issues, the molecular mechanisms in the regulation of the intracellular level of CoA under pathological conditions are still not well understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge of (a) CoA subcellular concentrations; (b) the roles of CoA synthesis and degradation processes; and (c) protein modification by reversible CoA binding to proteins (CoAlation). Particular attention is paid to (a) the roles of changes in the level of CoA under pathological conditions, such as in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, myopathies, and infectious diseases; and (b) the beneficial effect of CoA and pantethine (which like CoA is finally converted to Pan and cysteamine), used at pharmacological doses for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Szrok-Jurga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (A.H.); (J.T.)
| | - Areta Hebanowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (A.H.); (J.T.)
| | - Jacek Turyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (A.H.); (J.T.)
| | - Julian Swierczynski
- State School of Higher Vocational Education in Koszalin, 75-582 Koszalin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (E.S.); Tel.: +48-(0)-583-491-479 (T.S.)
| | - Ewa Stelmanska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (A.H.); (J.T.)
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (E.S.); Tel.: +48-(0)-583-491-479 (T.S.)
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46
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Zimmermann H. History of ectonucleotidases and their role in purinergic signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114322. [PMID: 33161020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ectonucleotidases are key for purinergic signaling. They control the duration of activity of purinergic receptor agonists. At the same time, they produce hydrolysis products as additional ligands of purinergic receptors. Due to the considerable diversity of enzymes, purinergic receptor ligands and purinergic receptors, deciphering the impact of extracellular purinergic receptor control has become a challenge. The first group of enzymes described were the alkaline phosphatases - at the time not as nucleotide-metabolizing but as nonspecific phosphatases. Enzymes now referred to as nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases and ecto-5'-nucleotidase were the first and only nucleotide-specific ectonucleotidases identified. And they were the first group of enzymes related to purinergic signaling. Additional research brought to light a surprising number of ectoenzymes with broad substrate specificity, which can also hydrolyze nucleotides. This short overview traces the development of the field and briefly highlights important results and benefits for therapies of human diseases achieved within nearly a century of investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Zimmermann
- Goethe University, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Graeff R, Guedes A, Quintana R, Wendt-Hornickle E, Baldo C, Walseth T, O’Grady S, Kannan M. Novel Pathway of Adenosine Generation in the Lungs from NAD +: Relevance to Allergic Airway Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214966. [PMID: 33120985 PMCID: PMC7663290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine and uric acid (UA) play a pivotal role in lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the present experiments, we measured adenosine synthesis from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in membranes prepared from wild type (WT) and CD38 knockout (CD38KO) mouse lungs, from cultured airway smooth muscle and epithelial cells, and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after airway challenge with epidemiologically relevant allergens. Adenosine was determined using an enzymatically coupled assay that produces ATP and is detected by luminescence. Uric acid was determined by ELISA. Exposure of cultured airway epithelial cells to Alternaria alternata extract caused significant nucleotide (NAD+ and ATP) release in the culture media. The addition of NAD+ to membranes prepared from WT mice resulted in faster generation of adenosine compared to membranes from CD38KO mice. Formation of adenosine from NAD+ affected UA and ATP concentrations, its main downstream molecules. Furthermore, NAD+ and adenosine concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid decreased significantly following airway challenge with house-dust mite extract in WT but not in CD38KO mice. Thus, NAD+ is a significant source of adenosine and UA in the airways in mouse models of allergic airway disease, and the capacity for their generation from NAD+ is augmented by CD38, a major NADase with high affinity for NAD+. This novel non-canonical NAD+-adenosine-UA pathway that is triggered by allergens has not been previously described in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Graeff
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Alonso Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (A.G.); (R.Q.); (E.W.-H.); (C.B.)
| | - Ruth Quintana
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (A.G.); (R.Q.); (E.W.-H.); (C.B.)
| | - Erin Wendt-Hornickle
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (A.G.); (R.Q.); (E.W.-H.); (C.B.)
| | - Caroline Baldo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (A.G.); (R.Q.); (E.W.-H.); (C.B.)
| | - Timothy Walseth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Scott O’Grady
- Department of Animal Science, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Mathur Kannan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Extracellular Nucleotides Regulate Arterial Calcification by Activating Both Independent and Dependent Purinergic Receptor Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207636. [PMID: 33076470 PMCID: PMC7589647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial calcification, the deposition of calcium-phosphate crystals in the extracellular matrix, resembles physiological bone mineralization. It is well-known that extracellular nucleotides regulate bone homeostasis raising an emerging interest in the role of these molecules on arterial calcification. The purinergic independent pathway involves the enzymes ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs), ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases), 5′-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase. These regulate the production and breakdown of the calcification inhibitor—pyrophosphate and the calcification stimulator—inorganic phosphate, from extracellular nucleotides. Maintaining ecto-nucleotidase activities in a well-defined range is indispensable as enzymatic hyper- and hypo-expression has been linked to arterial calcification. The purinergic signaling dependent pathway focusses on the activation of purinergic receptors (P1, P2X and P2Y) by extracellular nucleotides. These receptors influence arterial calcification by interfering with the key molecular mechanisms underlying this pathology, including the osteogenic switch and apoptosis of vascular cells and possibly, by favoring the phenotypic switch of vascular cells towards an adipogenic phenotype, a recent, novel hypothesis explaining the systemic prevention of arterial calcification. Selective compounds influencing the activity of ecto-nucleotidases and purinergic receptors, have recently been developed to treat arterial calcification. However, adverse side-effects on bone mineralization are possible as these compounds reasonably could interfere with physiological bone mineralization.
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Anbar HS, El-Gamal R, Ullah S, Zaraei SO, Al-Rashida M, Zaib S, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Iqbal J, El-Gamal MI. Evaluation of sulfonate and sulfamate derivatives possessing benzofuran or benzothiophene nucleus as inhibitors of nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases and anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104305. [PMID: 33017718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ectonucleotidases are a broad family of ectoenzymes that play a crucial role in purinergic cell signaling. Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) belong to this group and are important drug targets. In particular, NPP1 and NPP3 are known to be druggable targets for treatment of impaired calcification disorders (including pathological aortic calcification) and cancer, respectively. In this study, we investigated a series of sulfonate and sulfamate derivatives of benzofuran and benzothiophene as potent and selective inhibitors of NPP1 and NPP3. Compounds 1c, 1g, 1n, and 1s are the most active NPP1 inhibitors (IC50 values in the range 0.12-0.95 µM). Moreover, compounds 1e, 1f, 1j, and 1l are the most potent inhibitors of NPP3 (IC50 ranges from 0.12 to 0.95 µM). Compound 1d, 1f and 1t are highly selective inhibitors of NPP1 over NPP3, whereas compounds 1m and 1s are found to be highly selective towards NPP3 over NPP1. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) study has been discussed in detailed. With the aid of molecular docking studies, a common binding mode of these compounds and suramin (the standard inhibitor) was revealed, where the sulfonate group acts as a cation-binding moiety that comes in close contact with the zinc ion of the active site. Moreover, cytotoxic evaluation against MCF-7 and HT-29 cancer cell lines revealed that compound 1r is the most cytotoxic towards MCF-7 cell line with IC50 value of 0.19 µM. Compound 1r is more potent and selective against cancer cells than normal cells (WI-38) as compared to doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan S Anbar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai 19099, United Arab Emirates
| | - Randa El-Gamal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Saif Ullah
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Seyed-Omar Zaraei
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariya Al-Rashida
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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50
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Jeffrey JL, Lawson KV, Powers JP. Targeting Metabolism of Extracellular Nucleotides via Inhibition of Ectonucleotidases CD73 and CD39. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13444-13465. [PMID: 32786396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, unusually high concentrations of extracellular adenosine promote tumor proliferation through various immunosuppressive mechanisms. Blocking adenosine production by inhibiting nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes, such as ectonucleotidases CD73 and CD39, represents a promising therapeutic strategy that may synergize with other immuno-oncology mechanisms and chemotherapies. Emerging small-molecule ectonucleotidase inhibitors have recently entered clinical trials. This Perspective will outline challenges, strategies, and recent advancements in targeting this class with small-molecule inhibitors, including AB680, the first small-molecule CD73 inhibitor to enter clinical development. Specific case studies, including structure-based drug design and lead optimization, will be outlined. Preclinical data on these molecules and their ability to enhance antitumor immunity will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Jeffrey
- Arcus Biosciences, 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Kenneth V Lawson
- Arcus Biosciences, 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Jay P Powers
- Arcus Biosciences, 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
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