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Peng ED, Lyman LR, Schmitt MP. Identification and characterization of zinc importers in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. J Bacteriol 2024:e0012424. [PMID: 38809016 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00124-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the causative agent of diphtheria, a severe respiratory disease in humans. C. diphtheriae colonizes the human upper respiratory tract, where it acquires zinc, an essential metal required for survival in the host. While the mechanisms for zinc transport by C. diphtheriae are not well characterized, four putative zinc ABC-type transporter loci were recently identified in strain 1737: iutABCD/E (iut), znuACB (znu), nikABCD1 (nik1), and nikABCD2 (nik2). A mutant deleted for all four loci (Δ4) exhibited similar growth to that of the wild-type strain in a zinc-limited medium, suggesting there are additional zinc transporters. Two additional gene loci predicted to be associated with metal import, mntABCD (mnt) and sidAB (sid), were deleted in the Δ4 mutant to construct a new mutant designated Δ6. The C. diphtheriae Δ6 mutant exhibited significantly reduced growth under zinc limitation relative to the wild type, suggesting a deficiency in zinc acquisition. Strains retaining the iut, znu, mnt, or sid loci grew to near-wild-type levels in the absence of the other five loci, indicating that each of these transporters may be involved in zinc uptake. Plasmid complementation with cloned iut, znu, mnt, or nik1 loci also enhanced the growth of the Δ6 mutant. Quantification of intracellular zinc content by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was consistent with reduced zinc uptake by Δ6 relative to the wild type and further supports a zinc uptake function for the transporters encoded by iut, znu, and mnt. This study demonstrates that C. diphtheriae zinc transport is complex and involves multiple zinc uptake systems.IMPORTANCEZinc is a critical nutrient for all forms of life, including human bacterial pathogens. Thus, the tools that bacteria use to acquire zinc from host sources are crucial for pathogenesis. While potential candidates for zinc importers have been identified in Corynebacterium diphtheriae from gene expression studies, to date, no study has clearly demonstrated this function for any of the putative transporters. We show that C. diphtheriae encodes at least six loci associated with zinc import, underscoring the extent of redundancy for zinc acquisition. Furthermore, we provide evidence that a previously studied manganese-regulated importer can also function in zinc import. This study builds upon our knowledge of bacterial zinc transport mechanisms and identifies potential targets for future diphtheria vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Peng
- Laboratory of Respiratory and Special Pathogens, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lindsey R Lyman
- Laboratory of Respiratory and Special Pathogens, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael P Schmitt
- Laboratory of Respiratory and Special Pathogens, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Price SL, Oakes RS, Gonzalez RJ, Edwards C, Brady A, DeMarco JK, von Andrian UH, Jewell CM, Lawrenz MB. Microneedle array delivery of Yersinia pestis recapitulates bubonic plague. iScience 2024; 27:108600. [PMID: 38179062 PMCID: PMC10765063 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Fleas transmit Yersinia pestis directly within the dermis of mammals to cause bubonic plague. Syringe-mediated inoculation is widely used to recapitulate bubonic plague and study Y. pestis pathogenesis. However, intradermal needle inoculation is tedious, error prone, and poses a significant safety risk for laboratorians. Microneedle arrays (MNAs) are micron-scale polymeric structures that deliver materials to the dermis, while minimizing the risk of needle sticks. We demonstrated that MNA inoculation is a viable strategy to recapitulate bubonic plague and study bacterial virulence by defining the parameters needed to establish a lethal infection in the mouse model and characterizing the course of infection using live-animal optical imaging. Using MNAs, we also demonstrated that Y. pestis must overcome calprotectin-mediated zinc restriction within the dermis and dermal delivery of an attenuated mutant has vaccine potential. Together, these data demonstrate that MNAs are a safe alternative to study Y. pestis pathogenesis in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Robert S. Oakes
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Rodrigo J. Gonzalez
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Camilla Edwards
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Amanda Brady
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jennifer K. DeMarco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ulrich H. von Andrian
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Matthew B. Lawrenz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Zheng C, Zhai Y, Qiu J, Wang M, Xu Z, Chen X, Zhou X, Jiao X. ZntA maintains zinc and cadmium homeostasis and promotes oxidative stress resistance and virulence in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2327377. [PMID: 38466137 PMCID: PMC10936601 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2327377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although metals are essential for life, they are toxic to bacteria in excessive amounts. Therefore, the maintenance of metal homeostasis is critical for bacterial physiology and pathogenesis. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a significant food-borne pathogen that mainly causes acute gastroenteritis in humans and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in shrimp. Herein, we report that ZntA functions as a zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) homeostasis mechanism and contributes to oxidative stress resistance and virulence in V. parahaemolyticus. zntA is remarkably induced by Zn, copper, cobalt, nickel (Ni), and Cd, while ZntA promotes V. parahaemolyticus growth under excess Zn/Ni and Cd conditions via maintaining Zn and Cd homeostasis, respectively. The growth of ΔzntA was inhibited under iron (Fe)-restricted conditions, and the inhibition was associated with Zn homeostasis disturbance. Ferrous iron supplementation improved the growth of ΔzntA under excess Zn, Ni or Cd conditions. The resistance of ΔzntA to H2O2-induced oxidative stress also decreased, and its virulence was attenuated in zebrafish models. Quantitative real-time PCR, mutagenesis, and β-galactosidase activity assays revealed that ZntR positively regulates zntA expression by binding to its promoter. Collectively, the ZntR-regulated ZntA is crucial for Zn and Cd homeostasis and contributes to oxidative stress resistance and virulence in V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkun Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yimeng Zhai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengxian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Zheng C, Qiu J, Zhai Y, Wei M, Zhou X, Jiao X. ZrgA contributes to zinc acquisition in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Virulence 2023; 14:2156196. [PMID: 36482737 PMCID: PMC9817125 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2156196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals are nutrients essential for almost all lifeforms. Bacteria have evolved several mechanisms to overcome the metal restrictions imposed by the host. Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes severe threats to public health and significant economic losses in shrimp aquaculture. Herein, we report that ZrgA contributes to zinc acquisition in this pathogen. The operon VP_RS01455 to VP_RS01475 of V. parahaemolyticus encodes the putative Zn transporter ZrgABCDE, whose homologs are widely distributed in Vibrionaceae. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that V. parahaemolyticus modulates the transcriptome in response to Zn limitation. Genes in the Zinc uptake regulator (Zur) regulon are upregulated during Zn limitation, including three genes annotated to encode Zn-binding proteins. Significant upregulation of these three genes during Zn limitation was also confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. However, only the mutants containing a VP_RS01470 (zrgA) deletion exhibited impaired growth under Zn-deficient conditions, indicating that VP_RS01470 plays the predominant role in V. parahaemolyticus Zn acquisition. The VP_RS01470 deletion mutant displayed a false appearance of decreased swimming motility under Zn-deficient conditions, as revealed by the fact that the polar flagellar-related genes were not downregulated in the mutant. Moreover, VP_RS01470 deletion produced no noticeable impact on the swarming motility and virulence in mice. qRT-PCR analysis and β-galactosidase activity assays indicated that Zur negatively regulates VP_RS01470 expression in V. parahaemolyticus. Collectively, our findings suggest that ZrgA is required for Zn acquisition in V. parahaemolyticus and highlight the importance of detecting the expression of flagellar genes during analysis of motility of a mutant deficient in growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkun Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yimeng Zhai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Man Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, P.R. China,CONTACT Xiaohui Zhou
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Xinan Jiao
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5
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Price SL, Thibault D, Garrison TM, Brady A, Guo H, Kehl‐Fie TE, Garneau‐Tsodikova S, Perry RD, van Opijnen T, Lawrenz MB. Droplet Tn-Seq identifies the primary secretion mechanism for yersiniabactin in Yersinia pestis. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57369. [PMID: 37501563 PMCID: PMC10561177 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional immunity includes sequestration of transition metals from invading pathogens. Yersinia pestis overcomes nutritional immunity by secreting yersiniabactin to acquire iron and zinc during infection. While the mechanisms for yersiniabactin synthesis and import are well-defined, those responsible for yersiniabactin secretion are unknown. Identification of this mechanism has been difficult because conventional mutagenesis approaches are unable to inhibit trans-complementation by secreted factors between mutants. To overcome this obstacle, we utilized a technique called droplet Tn-seq (dTn-seq), which uses microfluidics to isolate individual transposon mutants in oil droplets, eliminating trans-complementation between bacteria. Using this approach, we first demonstrated the applicability of dTn-seq to identify genes with secreted functions. We then applied dTn-seq to identify an AcrAB efflux system as required for growth in metal-limited conditions. Finally, we showed this efflux system is the primary yersiniabactin secretion mechanism and required for virulence during bubonic and pneumonic plague. Together, these studies have revealed the yersiniabactin secretion mechanism that has eluded researchers for over 30 years and identified a potential therapeutic target for bacteria that use yersiniabactin for metal acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Price
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | | | - Taylor M Garrison
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Amanda Brady
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Haixun Guo
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious DiseasesUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Thomas E Kehl‐Fie
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignILUSA
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUrbanaILUSA
| | | | - Robert D Perry
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | | | - Matthew B Lawrenz
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious DiseasesUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
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6
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Cunha F, Casaro S, Jones KL, Bisinotto RS, Kariyawasam S, Brown MB, Galvão KN. Sequencing and characterization of Helcococcus ovis: a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis of virulence. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:501. [PMID: 37648976 PMCID: PMC10466703 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09581-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helcococcus ovis (H. ovis) is an emerging bacterial pathogen that commonly causes opportunistic respiratory, mammary, and uterine infections across mammalian hosts. This study applied long- and short-read whole genome sequencing technologies to identify virulence factors in five H. ovis isolates with low, medium, and high virulence phenotypes. RESULTS The resulting assemblies contained one circular chromosome ranging from 1,744,566 to 1,850,083 bp in length and had a mean GC content of 27.6%. Phylogenetic and nucleotide identity analyses found low virulence strain KG38 to be part of a clade that forms an outgroup apart from the rest of the H. ovis taxon. Assembling the first complete genomes of the species revealed major genomic rearrangements in KG38. One to six prophage regions were identified in each genome. A novel pathogenicity island was found exclusively in the two high virulence strains (KG37 and KG104), along with two hypothetical transmembrane proteins designated as putative VFs. Finally, three zinc ABC transporters and three Type-II/IV secretion systems were identified as possible virulence determinants in this species. The low virulence strain KG38 has fewer intact paralogs of these operons in its genome compared to the higher virulence isolates, which strongly suggests a role in virulence. This strain is also missing four putative virulence factors (VFs) found in other isolates associated with adherence (collagen adhesin precursor), immune evasion (choline-binding protein A and a PspA-like hypothetical protein) and cell wall synthesis (glycerol-3-phosphate cytidylyltransferase). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we assembled reference-quality complete genomes for five H. ovis strains to identify putative virulence factors. Phylogenetic analyses of H. ovis isolates revealed the presence of a clade representing a potentially novel species within the genus Helcococcus. A novel pathogenicity island and two hypothetical transmembrane proteins were found exclusively in high-virulence strains. The identification of Zinc ABC transporters and Type-II/IV secretion systems as possible virulence determinants, along with the differences in operon content between the low and high virulence isolates, strongly suggests they also play a role in the bacterium's pathogenicity. Taken together, these findings are a valuable first step toward deciphering the pathogenesis of H. ovis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cunha
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Segundo Casaro
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kristi L Jones
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rafael S Bisinotto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Subhashinie Kariyawasam
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mary B Brown
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Klibs N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Huynh U, Nguyen HN, Trinh BK, Elhaj J, Zastrow ML. A bioinformatic analysis of zinc transporters in intestinal Lactobacillaceae. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad044. [PMID: 37463796 PMCID: PMC10391621 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
As the second most abundant transition element and a crucial cofactor for many proteins, zinc is essential for the survival of all living organisms. To maintain required zinc levels and prevent toxic overload, cells and organisms have a collection of metal transport proteins for uptake and efflux of zinc. In bacteria, metal transport proteins are well defined for model organisms and many pathogens, but fewer studies have explored metal transport proteins, including those for zinc, in commensal bacteria from the gut microbiota. The healthy human gut microbiota comprises hundreds of species and among these, bacteria from the Lactobacillaceae family are well documented to have various beneficial effects on health. Furthermore, changes in dietary metal intake, such as for zinc and iron, are frequently correlated with changes in abundance of Lactobacillaceae. Few studies have explored zinc requirements and zinc homeostasis mechanisms in Lactobacillaceae, however. Here we applied a bioinformatics approach to identify and compare predicted zinc uptake and efflux proteins in several Lactobacillaceae genera of intestinal relevance. Few Lactobacillaceae had zinc transporters currently annotated in proteomes retrieved from the UniProt database, but protein sequence-based homology searches revealed that high-affinity ABC transporter genes are likely common, albeit with genus-specific domain features. P-type ATPase transporters are probably also common and some Lactobacillaceae genera code for predicted zinc efflux cation diffusion facilitators. This analysis confirms that Lactobacillaceae harbor genes for various zinc transporter homologs, and provides a foundation for systematic experimental studies to elucidate zinc homeostasis mechanisms in these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Hazel N Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Brittany K Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Joanna Elhaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Melissa L Zastrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Liu H, Wei Z, Li J, Liu X, Zhu L, Wang Y, Wang T, Li C, Shen X. A Yersinia T6SS Effector YezP Engages the Hemin Uptake Receptor HmuR and ZnuABC for Zn 2+ Acquisition. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0024023. [PMID: 37338394 PMCID: PMC10370319 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00240-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal ions are essential nutrients for all life forms, and restriction of metal ion availability is an effective host defense against bacterial infection. Meanwhile, bacterial pathogens have developed equally effective means to secure their metal ion supply. The enteric pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was found to uptake zinc using the T6SS4 effector YezP, which is essential for Zn2+ acquisition and bacterial survival under oxidative stress. However, the mechanism of this zinc uptake pathway has not been fully elucidated. Here, we identified the hemin uptake receptor HmuR for YezP, which can mediate import of Zn2+ into the periplasm by the YezP-Zn2+ complex and demonstrated that YezP functions extracellularly. This study also confirmed that the ZnuCB transporter is the inner membrane transporter for Zn2+ from the periplasm to cytoplasm. Overall, our results reveal the complete T6SS/YezP/HmuR/ZnuABC pathway, wherein multiple systems are coupled to support zinc uptake by Y. pseudotuberculosis under oxidative stress. IMPORTANCE Identifying the transporters involved in import of metal ions under normal physiological growth conditions in bacterial pathogens will clarify its pathogenic mechanism. Y. pseudotuberculosis YPIII, a common foodborne pathogen that infects animals and humans, uptake zinc via the T6SS4 effector YezP. However, the outer and inner transports involved in Zn2+ acquisition remain unknown. The important outcomes of this study are the identification of the hemin uptake receptor HmuR and inner membrane transporter ZnuCB that import Zn2+ into the cytoplasm via the YezP-Zn2+ complex, and elucidation of the complete Zn2+ acquisition pathway consisting of T6SS, HmuRSTUV, and ZnuABC, thereby providing a comprehensive view of T6SS-mediated ion transport and its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liu
- Qingyang Longfeng Sponge City Construction Management & Operation Co., Ltd, Qingyang, Gansu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiali Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tietao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Chaaban T, Mohsen Y, Ezzeddine Z, Ghssein G. Overview of Yersinia pestis Metallophores: Yersiniabactin and Yersinopine. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040598. [PMID: 37106798 PMCID: PMC10136090 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic anaerobic bacteria Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis), which is well known as the plague causative agent, has the ability to escape or inhibit innate immune system responses, which can result in host death even before the activation of adaptive responses. Bites from infected fleas in nature transmit Y. pestis between mammalian hosts causing bubonic plague. It was recognized that a host's ability to retain iron is essential in fighting invading pathogens. To proliferate during infection, Y. pestis, like most bacteria, has various iron transporters that enable it to acquire iron from its hosts. The siderophore-dependent iron transport system was found to be crucial for the pathogenesis of this bacterium. Siderophores are low-molecular-weight metabolites with a high affinity for Fe3+. These compounds are produced in the surrounding environment to chelate iron. The siderophore secreted by Y. pestis is yersiniabactin (Ybt). Another metallophore produced by this bacterium, yersinopine, is of the opine type and shows similarities with both staphylopine and pseudopaline produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. This paper sheds light on the most important aspects of the two Y. pestis metallophores as well as aerobactin a siderophore no longer secreted by this bacterium due to frameshift mutation in its genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghrid Chaaban
- Nursing Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon, Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
- Nursing Sciences Research Chair, Laboratory Educations and Health Practices (LEPS), (EA 3412), UFR SMBH, University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cite, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Yehya Mohsen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Health and Medical Technologies, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah 64001, Iraq
| | - Zeinab Ezzeddine
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
- Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh 1700, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan Ghssein
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
- Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh 1700, Lebanon
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10
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Yang R, Atkinson S, Chen Z, Cui Y, Du Z, Han Y, Sebbane F, Slavin P, Song Y, Yan Y, Wu Y, Xu L, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Hinnebusch BJ, Stenseth NC, Motin VL. Yersinia pestis and Plague: some knowns and unknowns. ZOONOSES (BURLINGTON, MASS.) 2023; 3:5. [PMID: 37602146 PMCID: PMC10438918 DOI: 10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Since its first identification in 1894 during the third pandemic in Hong Kong, there has been significant progress of understanding the lifestyle of Yersinia pestis, the pathogen that is responsible for plague. Although we now have some understanding of the pathogen's physiology, genetics, genomics, evolution, gene regulation, pathogenesis and immunity, there are many unknown aspects of the pathogen and its disease development. Here, we focus on some of the knowns and unknowns relating to Y. pestis and plague. We notably focus on some key Y. pestis physiological and virulence traits that are important for its mammal-flea-mammal life cycle but also its emergence from the enteropathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Some aspects of the genetic diversity of Y. pestis, the distribution and ecology of plague as well as the medical countermeasures to protect our population are also provided. Lastly, we present some biosafety and biosecurity information related to Y. pestis and plague.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifu Yang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Steve Atkinson
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujun Cui
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zongmin Du
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yanping Han
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Florent Sebbane
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philip Slavin
- Division of History and Politics, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LJ, UK
| | - Yajun Song
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yanfeng Yan
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yarong Wu
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chutian Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - B. Joseph Hinnebusch
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Nils Chr. Stenseth
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vladimir L. Motin
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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11
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Visconti S, Astolfi ML, Battistoni A, Ammendola S. Impairment of the Zn/Cd detoxification systems affects the ability of Salmonella to colonize Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:975725. [PMID: 36071967 PMCID: PMC9441889 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.975725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella capacity to colonize different environments depends on its ability to respond efficiently to fluctuations in micronutrient availability. Among micronutrients, Zn, besides playing an essential role in bacterial physiology, is a key element whose concentration can influence bacterial survival in a particular niche. Plant colonization by Salmonella enterica was described for several years, and some molecular determinants involved in this host-pathogen interaction have started to be characterized. However, it is still unclear if Zn plays a role in the outcome of this interaction, as well established for animal hosts that employ nutritional immunity strategies to counteract pathogens infections. In this study, we have investigated the involvement of Salmonella Typhimurium main effectors of zinc homeostasis in plant colonization, using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model host. The results show that to colonize plant tissues, Salmonella takes advantage of its ability to export excess metal through the efflux pumps ZntA and ZitB. In fact, the deletion of these Zn/Cd detoxification systems can affect bacterial persistence in the shoots, depending on metal availability in the plant tissues. The importance of Salmonella ability to export excess metal was enhanced in the colonization of plants grown in high Zn conditions. On the contrary, the bacterial disadvantage related to Zn detoxification impairment can be abrogated if the plant cannot efficiently translocate Zn to the shoots. Overall, our work highlights the role of Zn in Salmonella-plant interaction and suggests that modulation of plant metal content through biofortification may be an efficient strategy to control pathogen colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Visconti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Serena Ammendola
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Serena Ammendola,
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12
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Behnsen J, Zhi H, Aron AT, Subramanian V, Santus W, Lee MH, Gerner RR, Petras D, Liu JZ, Green KD, Price SL, Camacho J, Hillman H, Tjokrosurjo J, Montaldo NP, Hoover EM, Treacy-Abarca S, Gilston BA, Skaar EP, Chazin WJ, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Lawrenz MB, Perry RD, Nuccio SP, Dorrestein PC, Raffatellu M. Siderophore-mediated zinc acquisition enhances enterobacterial colonization of the inflamed gut. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7016. [PMID: 34853318 PMCID: PMC8636617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential cofactor for bacterial metabolism, and many Enterobacteriaceae express the zinc transporters ZnuABC and ZupT to acquire this metal in the host. However, the probiotic bacterium Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (or "Nissle") exhibits appreciable growth in zinc-limited media even when these transporters are deleted. Here, we show that Nissle utilizes the siderophore yersiniabactin as a zincophore, enabling Nissle to grow in zinc-limited media, to tolerate calprotectin-mediated zinc sequestration, and to thrive in the inflamed gut. We also show that yersiniabactin's affinity for iron or zinc changes in a pH-dependent manner, with increased relative zinc binding as the pH increases. Thus, our results indicate that siderophore metal affinity can be influenced by the local environment and reveal a mechanism of zinc acquisition available to commensal and pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Behnsen
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hui Zhi
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Allegra T Aron
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Vivekanandan Subramanian
- University of Kentucky PharmNMR Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - William Santus
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael H Lee
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Romana R Gerner
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Daniel Petras
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Janet Z Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Sarah L Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jose Camacho
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hannah Hillman
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joshua Tjokrosurjo
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nicola P Montaldo
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Evelyn M Hoover
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sean Treacy-Abarca
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Gilston
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Walter J Chazin
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Matthew B Lawrenz
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Robert D Perry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Sean-Paul Nuccio
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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13
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Price SL, Vadyvaloo V, DeMarco JK, Brady A, Gray PA, Kehl-Fie TE, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Perry RD, Lawrenz MB. Yersiniabactin contributes to overcoming zinc restriction during Yersinia pestis infection of mammalian and insect hosts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2104073118. [PMID: 34716262 PMCID: PMC8612365 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104073118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis causes human plague and colonizes both a mammalian host and a flea vector during its transmission cycle. A key barrier to bacterial infection is the host's ability to actively sequester key biometals (e.g., iron, zinc, and manganese) required for bacterial growth. This is referred to as nutritional immunity. Mechanisms to overcome nutritional immunity are essential virulence factors for bacterial pathogens. Y. pestis produces an iron-scavenging siderophore called yersiniabactin (Ybt) that is required to overcome iron-mediated nutritional immunity and cause lethal infection. Recently, Ybt has been shown to bind to zinc, and in the absence of the zinc transporter ZnuABC, Ybt improves Y. pestis growth in zinc-limited medium. These data suggest that, in addition to iron acquisition, Ybt may also contribute to overcoming zinc-mediated nutritional immunity. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse model defective in iron-mediated nutritional immunity to demonstrate that Ybt contributes to virulence in an iron-independent manner. Furthermore, using a combination of bacterial mutants and mice defective in zinc-mediated nutritional immunity, we identified calprotectin as the primary barrier for Y. pestis to acquire zinc during infection and that Y. pestis uses Ybt to compete with calprotectin for zinc. Finally, we discovered that Y. pestis encounters zinc limitation within the flea midgut, and Ybt contributes to overcoming this limitation. Together, these results demonstrate that Ybt is a bona fide zinc acquisition mechanism used by Y. pestis to surmount zinc limitation during the infection of both the mammalian and insect hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Viveka Vadyvaloo
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Jennifer K DeMarco
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Amanda Brady
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Phoenix A Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Thomas E Kehl-Fie
- Department of Microbiology and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Robert D Perry
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506
| | - Matthew B Lawrenz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202;
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
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14
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Pishchik V, Mirskaya G, Chizhevskaya E, Chebotar V, Chakrabarty D. Nickel stress-tolerance in plant-bacterial associations. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12230. [PMID: 34703670 PMCID: PMC8487243 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is an essential element for plant growth and is a constituent of several metalloenzymes, such as urease, Ni-Fe hydrogenase, Ni-superoxide dismutase. However, in high concentrations, Ni is toxic and hazardous to plants, humans and animals. High levels of Ni inhibit plant germination, reduce chlorophyll content, and cause osmotic imbalance and oxidative stress. Sustainable plant-bacterial native associations are formed under Ni-stress, such as Ni hyperaccumulator plants and rhizobacteria showed tolerance to high levels of Ni. Both partners (plants and bacteria) are capable to reduce the Ni toxicity and developed different mechanisms and strategies which they manifest in plant-bacterial associations. In addition to physical barriers, such as plants cell walls, thick cuticles and trichomes, which reduce the elevated levels of Ni entrance, plants are mitigating the Ni toxicity using their own antioxidant defense mechanisms including enzymes and other antioxidants. Bacteria in its turn effectively protect plants from Ni stress and can be used in phytoremediation. PGPR (plant growth promotion rhizobacteria) possess various mechanisms of biological protection of plants at both whole population and single cell levels. In this review, we highlighted the current understanding of the bacterial induced protective mechanisms in plant-bacterial associations under Ni stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pishchik
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint-Petersburg, Pushkin, Russian Federation
- Agrophysical Scientific Research Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Galina Mirskaya
- Agrophysical Scientific Research Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Chizhevskaya
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint-Petersburg, Pushkin, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Chebotar
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint-Petersburg, Pushkin, Russian Federation
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15
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Jones CV, Jarboe BG, Majer HM, Ma AT, Beld J. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 secondary metabolism: aryl polyene biosynthesis and phosphopantetheinyl transferase crosstalk. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7785-7799. [PMID: 34546406 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a Gram-negative bacterium that is used to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. The probiotic character of EcN is not well-understood, but its ability to produce secondary metabolites plays an important role in its activity. The EcN genome encodes for an aryl polyene (APE) biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC), and APE products have a role in biofilm formation. We show here that this unusual polyketide assembly line synthase produces four APE molecules which are likely cis/trans isomers. Within the APE BGC, two acyl carrier proteins are involved in biosynthesis. Acyl carrier proteins require activation by post-translational modification with a phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase). Through analysis of single, double, and triple mutants of three PPTases, the PPTase-BGC crosstalk relationship in EcN was characterized. Understanding PPTase-BGC crosstalk is important for the engineering of secondary metabolite production hosts and for targeting of PPTases with new antibiotics. KEY POINTS: • Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 biosynthesizes four aryl polyene isoforms. • Phosphopantetheinyl transferase crosstalk is important for biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney V Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing and Center for Genomics Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Brianna G Jarboe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing and Center for Genomics Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Haley M Majer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing and Center for Genomics Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Amy T Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing and Center for Genomics Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Joris Beld
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing and Center for Genomics Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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16
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Vibrio cholerae's mysterious Seventh Pandemic island (VSP-II) encodes novel Zur-regulated zinc starvation genes involved in chemotaxis and cell congregation. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009624. [PMID: 34153031 PMCID: PMC8248653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a notorious diarrheal disease that is typically transmitted via contaminated drinking water. The current pandemic agent, the El Tor biotype, has undergone several genetic changes that include horizontal acquisition of two genomic islands (VSP-I and VSP-II). VSP presence strongly correlates with pandemicity; however, the contribution of these islands to V. cholerae's life cycle, particularly the 26-kb VSP-II, remains poorly understood. VSP-II-encoded genes are not expressed under standard laboratory conditions, suggesting that their induction requires an unknown signal from the host or environment. One signal that bacteria encounter under both host and environmental conditions is metal limitation. While studying V. cholerae's zinc-starvation response in vitro, we noticed that a mutant constitutively expressing zinc starvation genes (Δzur) congregates at the bottom of a culture tube when grown in a nutrient-poor medium. Using transposon mutagenesis, we found that flagellar motility, chemotaxis, and VSP-II encoded genes were required for congregation. The VSP-II genes encode an AraC-like transcriptional activator (VerA) and a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (AerB). Using RNA-seq and lacZ transcriptional reporters, we show that VerA is a novel Zur target and an activator of the nearby AerB chemoreceptor. AerB interfaces with the chemotaxis system to drive oxygen-dependent congregation and energy taxis. Importantly, this work suggests a functional link between VSP-II, zinc-starved environments, and energy taxis, yielding insights into the role of VSP-II in a metal-limited host or aquatic reservoir.
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17
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Märkle P, Maier LK, Maaß S, Hirschfeld C, Bartel J, Becher D, Voß B, Marchfelder A. A Small RNA Is Linking CRISPR-Cas and Zinc Transport. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:640440. [PMID: 34055875 PMCID: PMC8155600 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.640440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The function and mode of action of small regulatory RNAs is currently still understudied in archaea. In the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii, a plethora of sRNAs have been identified; however, in-depth functional analysis is missing for most of them. We selected a small RNA (s479) from Haloferax volcanii for detailed characterization. The sRNA gene is encoded between a CRISPR RNA locus and the Cas protein gene cluster, and the s479 deletion strain is viable and was characterized in detail. Transcriptome studies of wild-type Haloferax cells and the deletion mutant revealed upregulation of six genes in the deletion strain, showing that this sRNA has a clearly defined function. Three of the six upregulated genes encode potential zinc transporter proteins (ZnuA1, ZnuB1, and ZnuC1) suggesting the involvement of s479 in the regulation of zinc transport. Upregulation of these genes in the deletion strain was confirmed by northern blot and proteome analyses. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrate a direct interaction of s479 with the target znuC1 mRNA. Proteome comparison of wild-type and deletion strains further expanded the regulon of s479 deeply rooting this sRNA within the metabolism of H. volcanii especially the regulation of transporter abundance. Interestingly, s479 is not only encoded next to CRISPR-cas genes, but the mature s479 contains a crRNA-like 5' handle, and experiments with Cas protein deletion strains indicate maturation by Cas6 and interaction with Cas proteins. Together, this might suggest that the CRISPR-Cas system is involved in s479 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Märkle
- Department of Biology II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Maaß
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia Hirschfeld
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bartel
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Björn Voß
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Cai R, Gao F, Pan J, Hao X, Yu Z, Qu Y, Li J, Wang D, Wang Y, Shen X, Liu X, Yang Y. The transcriptional regulator Zur regulates the expression of ZnuABC and T6SS4 in response to stresses in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Microbiol Res 2021; 249:126787. [PMID: 33991717 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Zinc homeostasis is crucial for the development and stress resistance of bacteria in the environment. Serial zinc sensing transcriptional regulators, zinc transporters and zinc binding proteins were found to maintain the zinc homeostasis in bacteria. Zur is a zinc uptake regulator that is widely distributed in species, and ZnuABC, as well as the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS4) function in zinc acquisition. Here, we report that the regulator Zur inhibits the expression of the ZnuABC which inhibition could be eliminated at low zinc level, and upregulates the T6SS4 operon in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis to facilitate Zn2+ uptake and oxidative stress resistance. Zur regulates the expression of ZnuABC and T6SS4 by directly binding to their promoter regions. Zur senses the Zn2+ concentration and represses ZnuABC in a Zn2+-containing environment. Zur works as an auxiliary regular activator of T6SS4, facilitating oxidative stress resistance. This study revealed the dual function of regulator Zur on ZnuABC and T6SS4, and enriched the knowledge of Zn2+ homeostasis maintenance in Y. pseudotuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cai
- Beijing Capital Co., LTD, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Junfeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xinwei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zonglan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yichen Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jialin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing, 100088, China.
| | - Yantao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Goethe E, Gieseke A, Laarmann K, Lührs J, Goethe R. Identification and Characterization of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Zinc Transporters. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:JB.00049-21. [PMID: 33722846 PMCID: PMC8117522 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00049-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc uptake in bacteria is essential to maintain cellular homeostasis and survival. ZnuABC is an important zinc importer of numerous bacterial genera, which is expressed to restore zinc homeostasis when the cytosolic concentration decreases beyond a critical threshold. Upon zinc limitation the fast-growing nonpathogenic organism Mycobacterium smegmatis (MSMEG) as well as the ruminant pathogen M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) increases expression of genes encoding ZnuABC homologues, but also of genes encoding other transporters. This suggests an involvement of these transporters in zinc homeostasis. Here we characterized the putative zinc transporters of MSMEG (ZnuABC and ZnuABC2) and MAP (ZnuABC, MptABC, and MAP3774-76). Deletion of either ZnuABC or ZnuABC2 in MSMEG did not lead to growth defects, but to an increased expression of zinc marker genes in MSMEGΔznuABC, indicating cytosolic zinc limitation. However, chromatin immunoprecipitation proved direct binding of the global zinc regulator Zur to promoter regions of both znuABC and znuABC2. Simultaneous deletion of both transporters caused severe growth defects, which could be restored either by homologous complementation with single ZnuABC transporters or supplementation of growth media with zinc but not iron, manganese, cobalt, or magnesium. Heterologous complementation of the double mutant with MAP transporters also resulted in reconstitution of growth. Nonradioactive FluoZinTM-3AM zinc uptake assays directly revealed the competence of all transporters to import zinc. Finally, structural and phylogenetic analyses provided evidence of a novel class of ZnuABC transporters represented by the ZnuABC2 of MSMEG, which is present only in actinobacteria, mainly in the genera Nocardia, Streptomyces and fast growing Mycobacteria IMPORTANCEZinc is necessary for bacterial growth but simultaneously toxic when in excess. Hence, bacterial cells have developed systems to alter intracellular concentration. Regulation of these systems is primarily executed at transcriptional level by regulator proteins which sense femtomolar changes in the zinc level. In environmental and pathogenic mycobacteria zinc starvation induces expression of common zinc import systems such as the ZnuABC transporter, but also of other additional not yet characterized transport systems. In this study, we characterized the role of such systems in zinc transport. We showed that transport systems of both species whose transcription is induced upon zinc starvation can exchangeably restore cellular zinc homeostasis in transporter deficient mutants by transporting zinc into the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Goethe
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ayla Gieseke
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristin Laarmann
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Janita Lührs
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralph Goethe
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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20
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Zur: Zinc-Sensing Transcriptional Regulator in a Diverse Set of Bacterial Species. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030344. [PMID: 33804265 PMCID: PMC8000910 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is the quintessential d block metal, needed for survival in all living organisms. While Zn is an essential element, its excess is deleterious, therefore, maintenance of its intracellular concentrations is needed for survival. The living organisms, during the course of evolution, developed proteins that can track the limitation or excess of necessary metal ions, thus providing survival benefits under variable environmental conditions. Zinc uptake regulator (Zur) is a regulatory transcriptional factor of the FUR superfamily of proteins, abundant among the bacterial species and known for its intracellular Zn sensing ability. In this study, we highlight the roles played by Zur in maintaining the Zn levels in various bacterial species as well as the fact that in recent years Zur has emerged not only as a Zn homeostatic regulator but also as a protein involved directly or indirectly in virulence of some pathogens. This functional aspect of Zur could be exploited in the ventures for the identification of newer antimicrobial targets. Despite extensive research on Zur, the insights into its overall regulon and its moonlighting functions in various pathogens yet remain to be explored. Here in this review, we aim to summarise the disparate functional aspects of Zur proteins present in various bacterial species.
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21
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Kharadi RR, Sundin GW. Cyclic-di-GMP Regulates Autoaggregation Through the Putative Peptidoglycan Hydrolase, EagA, and Regulates Transcription of the znuABC Zinc Uptake Gene Cluster in Erwinia amylovora. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:605265. [PMID: 33281804 PMCID: PMC7705223 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.605265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, an economically impactful disease that affects apple and pear production worldwide. E. amylovora pathogenesis is comprised of distinct type III secretion-dependent and biofilm-dependent stages. Alterations in the intracellular levels of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) regulate the transition between the different stages of infection in E. amylovora. We previously reported that hyper-elevation of c-di-GMP levels in E. amylovora Ea1189, resulting from the deletion of all three c-di-GMP specific phosphodiesterase genes (Ea1189ΔpdeABC), resulted in an autoaggregation phenotype. The two major exopolysaccharides, amylovoran and cellulose, were also shown to partially contribute to autoaggregation. In this study, we aimed to identify the c-di-GMP dependent factor(s) that contributes to autoaggregation. We conducted a transposon mutant screen in Ea1189ΔpdeABC and selected for loss of autoaggregation. Our search identified a peptidoglycan hydrolase, specifically, a D, D-endopeptidase of the metallopeptidase class, EagA (Erwiniaaggregation factor A), that was found to physiologically contribute to autoaggregation in a c-di-GMP dependent manner. The production of amylovoran was also positively affected by EagA levels. An eagA deletion mutant (Ea1189ΔeagA) was significantly reduced in virulence compared to the wild type E. amylovora Ea1189. eagA is part of the znuABC zinc uptake gene cluster and is located within an operon downstream of znuA. The znuAeagA/znuCB gene cluster was transcriptionally regulated by elevated levels of c-di-GMP as well as by the zinc-dependent transcriptional repressor Zur. We also observed that with an influx of Zn2+ in the environment, the transcription of the znuAeagA/znuBC gene cluster is regulated by both Zur and a yet to be characterized c-di-GMP dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni R Kharadi
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - George W Sundin
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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22
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Laffont C, Arnoux P. The ancient roots of nicotianamine: diversity, role, regulation and evolution of nicotianamine-like metallophores. Metallomics 2020; 12:1480-1493. [PMID: 33084706 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00150c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotianamine (NA) is a metabolite synthesized by all plants, in which it is involved in the homeostasis of different micronutrients such as iron, nickel or zinc. In some plants it also serves as a precursor of phytosiderophores, which are used for extracellular iron scavenging. Previous studies have also established the presence of NA in filamentous fungi and some mosses, whereas an analogue of NA was inferred in an archaeon. More recently, opine-type metallophores with homology to NA were uncovered in bacteria, especially in human pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Yersinia pestis, synthesizing respectively staphylopine, pseudopaline and yersinopine. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the discovery, biosynthesis, function and regulation of these metallophores. We also discuss the genomic environment of the cntL gene, which is homologous to the plant NA synthase (NAS) gene, and plays a central role in the synthesis of NA-like metallophores. This reveals a large diversity of biosynthetic, export and import pathways. Using sequence similarity networks, we uncovered that these metallophores are widespread in numerous bacteria thriving in very different environments, such as those living at the host-pathogen interface, but also in the soil. We additionally established a phylogeny of the NAS/cntL gene and, as a result, we propose that this gene is an ancient gene and NA, or its derivatives, is an ancient metallophore that played a prominent role in metal acquisition or metal resistance. Indeed, our phylogenetic analysis suggests an evolutionary model where the possibility to synthesize this metallophore was present early in the appearance of life, although it was later lost by most living microorganisms, unless facing metal starvation such as at the host-pathogen interface or in some soils. According to our model, NA then re-emerged as a central metabolite for metal homeostasis in fungi, mosses and all known higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Laffont
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, F-13108, France.
| | - Pascal Arnoux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, F-13108, France.
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23
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Ritzert JT, Minasov G, Embry R, Schipma MJ, Satchell KJF. The Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein Regulates Quorum Sensing and Global Gene Expression in Yersinia pestis during Planktonic Growth and Growth in Biofilms. mBio 2019; 10:e02613-19. [PMID: 31744922 PMCID: PMC6867900 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02613-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (Crp) is an important transcriptional regulator of Yersinia pestis Expression of crp increases during pneumonic plague as the pathogen depletes glucose and forms large biofilms within lungs. To better understand control of Y. pestis Crp, we determined a 1.8-Å crystal structure of the protein-cAMP complex. We found that compared to Escherichia coli Crp, C helix amino acid substitutions in Y. pestis Crp did not impact the cAMP dependency of Crp to bind DNA promoters. To investigate Y. pestis Crp-regulated genes during plague pneumonia, we performed RNA sequencing on both wild-type and Δcrp mutant bacteria growing in planktonic and biofilm states in minimal media with glucose or glycerol. Y. pestis Crp was found to dramatically alter expression of hundreds of genes in a manner dependent upon carbon source and growth state. Gel shift assays confirmed direct regulation of the malT and ptsG promoters, and Crp was then linked to Y. pestis growth on maltose as a sole carbon source. Iron regulation genes ybtA and fyuA were found to be indirectly regulated by Crp. A new connection between carbon source and quorum sensing was revealed as Crp was found to regulate production of acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) through direct and indirect regulation of genes for AHL synthetases and receptors. AHLs were subsequently identified in the lungs of Y. pestis-infected mice when crp expression was highest in Y. pestis biofilms. Thus, in addition to the well-studied pla gene, other Crp-regulated genes likely have important functions during plague infection.IMPORTANCE Bacterial pathogens have evolved extensive signaling pathways to translate environmental signals into changes in gene expression. While Crp has long been appreciated for its role in regulating metabolism of carbon sources in many bacterial species, transcriptional profiling has revealed that this protein regulates many other aspects of bacterial physiology. The plague pathogen Y. pestis requires this global regulator to survive in blood, skin, and lungs. During disease progression, this organism adapts to changes within these niches. In addition to regulating genes for metabolism of nonglucose sugars, we found that Crp regulates genes for virulence, metal acquisition, and quorum sensing by direct or indirect mechanisms. Thus, this single transcriptional regulator, which responds to changes in available carbon sources, can regulate multiple critical behaviors for causing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy T Ritzert
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - George Minasov
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan Embry
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew J Schipma
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karla J F Satchell
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Demeure C, Dussurget O, Fiol GM, Le Guern AS, Savin C, Pizarro-Cerdá J. Yersinia pestis and plague: an updated view on evolution, virulence determinants, immune subversion, vaccination and diagnostics. Microbes Infect 2019; 21:202-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Yersinia pestis and plague: an updated view on evolution, virulence determinants, immune subversion, vaccination, and diagnostics. Genes Immun 2019; 20:357-370. [PMID: 30940874 PMCID: PMC6760536 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-019-0065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plague is a vector-borne disease caused by Yersinia pestis. Transmitted by fleas from rodent reservoirs, Y. pestis emerged <6000 years ago from an enteric bacterial ancestor through events of gene gain and genome reduction. It is a highly remarkable model for the understanding of pathogenic bacteria evolution, and a major concern for public health as highlighted by recent human outbreaks. A complex set of virulence determinants, including the Yersinia outer-membrane proteins (Yops), the broad-range protease Pla, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and iron capture systems play critical roles in the molecular strategies that Y. pestis employs to subvert the human immune system, allowing unrestricted bacterial replication in lymph nodes (bubonic plague) and in lungs (pneumonic plague). Some of these immunogenic proteins as well as the capsular antigen F1 are exploited for diagnostic purposes, which are critical in the context of the rapid onset of death in the absence of antibiotic treatment (less than a week for bubonic plague and <48 h for pneumonic plague). Here, we review recent research advances on Y. pestis evolution, virulence factor function, bacterial strategies to subvert mammalian innate immune responses, vaccination, and problems associated with pneumonic plague diagnosis.
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26
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Chelating Mechanisms of Transition Metals by Bacterial Metallophores “Pseudopaline and Staphylopine”: A Quantum Chemical Assessment. COMPUTATION 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/computation6040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In bacterial pathology, metallophores fabricated by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are exported to surrounding physiological media via a specific process to sequester and import metals, resulting in enhanced virulence of the bacteria. While these mechanisms are understood at qualitative levels, our investigation presents a complementary original view based on quantum chemical computations. Further understanding of the active centers in particular was provided for pseudopaline and staphylopine metallophores, which were described chemically and with vibration spectroscopy. Then, for complexes formed with a range of transition metal divalent ions (Ni, Cu, and Zn), description and analyses of the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) are provided, highlighting a mechanism of metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT), based on excited-states calculations (time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT)) at the basis of the delivery of the metallic ionic species to the bacterial medium, leading eventually to its enhanced virulence. Such investigation gains importance especially in view of stepwise syntheses of metallophores in the laboratory, providing significant progress in the understanding of mechanisms underlying the enhancement of bacterial pathologies.
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27
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Robinson AE, Lowe JE, Koh EI, Henderson JP. Uropathogenic enterobacteria use the yersiniabactin metallophore system to acquire nickel. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14953-14961. [PMID: 30108176 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive Gram-negative bacteria often express multiple virulence-associated metal ion chelators to combat host-mediated metal deficiencies. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Yersinia pestis isolates encoding the Yersinia high pathogenicity island (HPI) secrete yersiniabactin (Ybt), a metallophore originally shown to chelate iron ions during infection. However, our recent demonstration that Ybt also scavenges copper ions during infection led us to question whether it might be capable of retrieving other metals as well. Here, we find that uropathogenic E. coli also use Ybt to bind extracellular nickel ions. Using quantitative MS, we show that the canonical metal-Ybt import pathway internalizes the resulting Ni-Ybt complexes, extracts the nickel, and releases metal-free Ybt back to the extracellular space. We find that E. coli and Klebsiella direct the nickel liberated from this pathway to intracellular nickel enzymes. Thus, Ybt may provide access to nickel that is inaccessible to the conserved NikABCDE permease system. Nickel should be considered alongside iron and copper as a plausible substrate for Ybt-mediated metal import by enterobacteria during human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Robinson
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Diseases Research, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Jessica E Lowe
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Diseases Research, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Eun-Ik Koh
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Diseases Research, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Jeffrey P Henderson
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Diseases Research, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
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28
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Guijarro JA, García-Torrico AI, Cascales D, Méndez J. The Infection Process of Yersinia ruckeri: Reviewing the Pieces of the Jigsaw Puzzle. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:218. [PMID: 29998086 PMCID: PMC6028603 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding the keys to understanding the infectious process of Yersinia ruckeri was not a priority for many years due to the prompt development of an effective biotype 1 vaccine which was used mainly in Europe and USA. However, the gradual emergence of outbreaks in vaccinated fish, which have been reported since 2003, has awakened interest in the mechanism of virulence in this pathogen. Thus, during the last two decades, a large number of studies have considerably enriched our knowledge of many aspects of the pathogen and its interaction with the host. By means of both conventional and a variety of novel strategies, such as cell GFP tagging, bioluminescence imaging and optical projection tomography, it has been possible to determine three putative Y. ruckeri infection routes, the main point of entry for the bacterium being the gill lamellae. Moreover, a wide range of potential virulence factors have been highlighted by specific gene mutagenesis strategies or genome-wide transposon/plasmid insertion-based screening approaches, such us in vivo expression technology (IVET) and signature tagged mutagenesis (STM). Finally, recent proteomic and whole genomic analyses have allowed many of the genes and systems that are potentially implicated in the organism's pathogenicity and its adaptation to the host environmental conditions to be elucidated. Altogether, these studies contribute to a better understanding of the infectious process of Y. ruckeri in fish, which is crucial for the development of more effective strategies for preventing or treating enteric redmouth disease (ERM).
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Guijarro
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología de Asturias (IUBA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana I García-Torrico
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología de Asturias (IUBA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Desirée Cascales
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología de Asturias (IUBA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jessica Méndez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología de Asturias (IUBA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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29
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Robinson AE, Heffernan JR, Henderson JP. The iron hand of uropathogenic Escherichia coli: the role of transition metal control in virulence. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:745-756. [PMID: 29870278 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of iron as a critical nutrient in pathogenic bacteria is widely regarded as having driven selection for iron acquisition systems among uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates. Carriage of multiple transition metal acquisition systems in UPEC suggests that the human urinary tract manipulates metal-ion availability in many ways to resist infection. For siderophore systems in particular, recent studies have identified new roles for siderophore copper binding as well as production of siderophore-like inhibitors of iron uptake by other, competing bacterial species. Among these is a process of nutritional passivation of metal ions, in which uropathogens access these vital nutrients while simultaneously protecting themselves from their toxic potential. Here, we review these new findings within the current understanding of UPEC transition metal acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Robinson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James R Heffernan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Henderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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30
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Cornelissen CN. Subversion of nutritional immunity by the pathogenic Neisseriae. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4553517. [PMID: 29045638 PMCID: PMC6251569 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic Neisseria species, including Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, are obligate human pathogens that cause significant morbidity and mortality. The success of these pathogens, with regard to causing disease in humans, is inextricably linked to their ability to acquire necessary nutrients in the hostile environment of the host. Humans deploy a significant arsenal of weaponry to defend against bacterial pathogens, not least of which are the metal-sequestering proteins that entrap and withhold transition metals, including iron, zinc and manganese, from invaders. This review will discuss the general strategies that bacteria employ to overcome these metal-sequestering attempts by the host, and then will focus on the relatively uncommon 'metal piracy' approaches utilized by the pathogenic Neisseria for this purpose. Because acquiring metals from the environment is critical to microbial survival, interfering with this process could impede growth and therefore disease initiation or progression. This review will also discuss how interfering with metal uptake by the pathogenic Neisseriae could be deployed in the development of novel or improved preventative or therapeutic measures against these important pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Nau Cornelissen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980678, Richmond, VA 23298-0678, USA
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31
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Lhospice S, Gomez NO, Ouerdane L, Brutesco C, Ghssein G, Hajjar C, Liratni A, Wang S, Richaud P, Bleves S, Ball G, Borezée-Durant E, Lobinski R, Pignol D, Arnoux P, Voulhoux R. Pseudomonas aeruginosa zinc uptake in chelating environment is primarily mediated by the metallophore pseudopaline. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17132. [PMID: 29214991 PMCID: PMC5719457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal uptake is vital for all living organisms. In metal scarce conditions a common bacterial strategy consists in the biosynthesis of metallophores, their export in the extracellular medium and the recovery of a metal-metallophore complex through dedicated membrane transporters. Staphylopine is a recently described metallophore distantly related to plant nicotianamine that contributes to the broad-spectrum metal uptake capabilities of Staphylococcus aureus. Here we characterize a four-gene operon (PA4837-PA4834) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa involved in the biosynthesis and trafficking of a staphylopine-like metallophore named pseudopaline. Pseudopaline differs from staphylopine with regard to the stereochemistry of its histidine moiety associated with an alpha ketoglutarate moiety instead of pyruvate. In vivo, the pseudopaline operon is regulated by zinc through the Zur repressor. The pseudopaline system is involved in nickel uptake in poor media, and, most importantly, in zinc uptake in metal scarce conditions mimicking a chelating environment, thus reconciling the regulation of the cnt operon by zinc with its function as the main zinc importer under these metal scarce conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Lhospice
- CNRS et Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (UMR7255), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Oswaldo Gomez
- CNRS et Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (UMR7255), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Ouerdane
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, IPREM-UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2, Avenue Angot, 64053, Pau, France
| | - Catherine Brutesco
- CEA, CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265 LBC, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Ghassan Ghssein
- CEA, CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265 LBC, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Christine Hajjar
- CEA, CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265 LBC, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Ahmed Liratni
- CNRS et Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (UMR7255), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Shuanglong Wang
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, IPREM-UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2, Avenue Angot, 64053, Pau, France
| | - Pierre Richaud
- CEA, CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265 LB3M, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Sophie Bleves
- CNRS et Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (UMR7255), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Geneviève Ball
- CNRS et Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (UMR7255), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Elise Borezée-Durant
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, IPREM-UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2, Avenue Angot, 64053, Pau, France
| | - David Pignol
- CEA, CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265 LBC, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Pascal Arnoux
- CEA, CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265 LBC, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.
| | - Romé Voulhoux
- CNRS et Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (UMR7255), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
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Mastropasqua MC, D'Orazio M, Cerasi M, Pacello F, Gismondi A, Canini A, Canuti L, Consalvo A, Ciavardelli D, Chirullo B, Pasquali P, Battistoni A. Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
in zinc poor environments is promoted by a nicotianamine-related metallophore. Mol Microbiol 2017; 106:543-561. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melania D'Orazio
- Department of Biology; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - Mauro Cerasi
- Department of Biology; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | | | - Angelo Gismondi
- Department of Biology; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - Antonella Canini
- Department of Biology; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - Lorena Canuti
- Department of Biology; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - Ada Consalvo
- Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale - CeSI-MeT; Chieti Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences; “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara; Chieti Italy
| | - Domenico Ciavardelli
- Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale - CeSI-MeT; Chieti Italy
- School of Human and Social Science; “Kore” University of Enna; Enna Italy
| | - Barbara Chirullo
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome Italy
| | - Paolo Pasquali
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome Italy
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Moscatello NJ, Pfeifer BA. Yersiniabactin metal binding characterization and removal of nickel from industrial wastewater. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1548-1554. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Moscatello
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Buffalo NY 14260
| | - Blaine A. Pfeifer
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Buffalo NY 14260
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