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Mazumdar T, Hänniger S, Shukla SP, Murali A, Bartram S, Heckel DG, Boland W. 8-HQA adjusts the number and diversity of bacteria in the gut microbiome of Spodoptera littoralis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1075557. [PMID: 36744087 PMCID: PMC9891463 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1075557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinolinic carboxylic acids are known for their metal ion chelating properties in insects, plants and bacteria. The larval stages of the lepidopteran pest, Spodoptera littoralis, produce 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid (8-HQA) in high concentrations from tryptophan in the diet. At the same time, the larval midgut is known to harbor a bacterial population. The motivation behind the work was to investigate whether 8-HQA is controlling the bacterial community in the gut by regulating the concentration of metal ions. Knocking out the gene for kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) in the insect using CRISPR/Cas9 eliminated production of 8-HQA and significantly increased bacterial numbers and diversity in the larval midgut. Adding 8-HQA to the diet of knockout larvae caused a dose-dependent reduction of bacterial numbers with minimal effects on diversity. Enterococcus mundtii dominates the community in all treatments, probably due to its highly efficient iron uptake system and production of the colicin, mundticin. Thus host factors and bacterial properties interact to determine patterns of diversity and abundance in the insect midgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilottama Mazumdar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Zoology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Hänniger
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Shantanu P. Shukla
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Aishwarya Murali
- Department of Experimental Toxicology & Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Stefan Bartram
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - David G. Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany,*Correspondence: David G. Heckel, ✉
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Curcumin-Based β-Diketo Ligands for Ga3+: Thermodynamic Investigation of Potential Metal-Based Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070854. [PMID: 35890151 PMCID: PMC9321647 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is known for its therapeutic properties; among these, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer ones stand out. Besides, curcumin metal complexes have shown widespread application in medicine and can be exploited as lead structures for developing metal-based drugs. Unfortunately, curcumin is poorly bioavailable, mainly due to its instability in physiological conditions; this weakness is tightly connected to the presence of the β-diketo moiety undergoing tautomeric equilibrium. Stability and metal-chelating ability can be tuned by modulating the electronic effects and steric hindrance close to the β-diketo moiety; in addition, formation of a metal complex shifts the tautomeric equilibrium towards the β-keto–enol form and increases stability in biological media. Among the metals used in clinical therapy, gallium nitrate has shown to have significant antitumor activity against non-Hodgkin lymphoma and bladder cancer, thus indicating that gallium-based drugs have potential for further development as antineoplastic agents with improved therapeutic activity. Curcuminoids have demonstrated high affinity for gallium(III), allowing the formation of stable positively charged M:L 1:2 β-diketonate complexes that benefit from the therapeutic activity of both the metal and the ligand. Seven new curcumin derivatives were synthesized and completely characterized. The new derivatives retain the solvent-dependent keto–enol tautomerism, with the prevalence of the diketo form in aqueous solution. Enhanced stability in simulated physiological conditions was observed in comparison to the lead compound curcumin. The presence of Ga3+ anticipates the dissociation of the enolic proton, allowing chelate complex formation, and simultaneously it shifts the tautomeric equilibrium towards the keto–enol form. A complete 1H/13C NMR and UV–Vis study was performed to define the metal-to-ligand stoichiometry ratio and the overall stability constants. In addition, we demonstrated that some of the derivatives have increased antiproliferative activity on colon cancer cells compared to curcumin and antioxidant properties. On the whole, the synthesized curcumin-based molecules may act as new gallium(III) chelators with improved stability with respect to curcumin and could open interesting perspectives for the development of novel therapeutic agents for cancer.
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Caffeic Acid/Eu(III) Complexes: Solution Equilibrium Studies, Structure Characterization and Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020888. [PMID: 35055074 PMCID: PMC8775996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CFA) is one of the various natural antioxidants and chemoprotective agents occurring in the human diet. In addition, its metal complexes play fundamental roles in biological systems. Nevertheless, research on the properties of CFA with lanthanide metals is very scarce, and little to no chemical or biological information is known about these particular systems. Most of their properties, including their biological activity and environmental impact, strictly depend on their structure, stability, and solution behaviour. In this work, a multi-analytical-technique approach was used to study these relationships for the Eu(III)/CFA complex. The synthesized metal complex was studied by FT-IR, FT-Raman, elemental, and thermal (TGA) analysis. In order to examine the chemical speciation of the Eu(III)/CFA system in an aqueous solution, several independent potentiometric and spectrophotometric UV-Vis titrations were performed at different M:L (metal:ligand) and pH ratios. The general molecular formula of the synthesized metal complex in the solid state was [Eu(CFA)3(H2O)3]∙2H2O (M:L ratio 1:3), while in aqueous solution the 1:1 species were observed at the optimum pH of 6 ≤ pH ≤ 10, ([Eu(CFA)] and [Eu(CFA)(OH)]−). These results were confirmed by 1H-NMR experiments and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). To evaluate the interaction of Eu(III)/CFA and CFA alone with cell membranes, electrophoretic mobility assays were used. Various antioxidant tests have shown that Eu(III)/CFA exhibits lower antioxidant activity than the free CFA ligand. In addition, the antimicrobial properties of Eu(III)/CFA and CFA against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans were investigated by evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Eu(III)/CFA shows higher antibacterial activity against bacteria compared to CFA, which can be explained by the highly probable increased lipophilicity of the Eu(III) complex.
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Gama S, Hermenau R, Frontauria M, Milea D, Sammartano S, Hertweck C, Plass W. Iron Coordination Properties of Gramibactin as Model for the New Class of Diazeniumdiolate Based Siderophores. Chemistry 2021; 27:2724-2733. [PMID: 33006390 PMCID: PMC7898861 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gramibactin (GBT) is an archetype for the new class of diazeniumdiolate siderophores, produced by Paraburkholderia graminis, a cereal-associated rhizosphere bacterium, for which a detailed solution thermodynamic study exploring the iron coordination properties is reported. The acid-base behavior of gramibactin as well as its complexing ability toward Fe3+ was studied over a wide range of pH values (2≤pH≤11). For the latter the ligand-competition method employing EDTA was used. Only two species are formed: [Fe(GBT)]- (pH 2 to 9) and [Fe(GBT)(OH)2 ]3- (pH≥9). The formation of [Fe(GBT)]- and its occurrence in real systems was confirmed by LC-HRESIMS analysis of the bacteria culture broth extract. The sequestering ability of gramibactin was also evaluated in terms of the parameters pFe and pL0.5 . Gramibactin exhibits a higher sequestering ability toward Fe3+ than EDTA and of the same order of magnitude as hydroxamate-type microbial siderophores, but smaller than most of the catecholate-type siderophores and much higher than the most known phytosiderophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Gama
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaHumboldtstr 807743JenaGermany
- New address: Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of BialystokCiolkowskiego 1K, 15–245BialystokPoland
| | - Ron Hermenau
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI)Beutenbergstr 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Mariachiara Frontauria
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaHumboldtstr 807743JenaGermany
| | - Demetrio Milea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di MessinaV.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 3198166MessinaItaly
| | - Silvio Sammartano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di MessinaV.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 3198166MessinaItaly
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI)Beutenbergstr 11a07745JenaGermany
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Winfried Plass
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaHumboldtstr 807743JenaGermany
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Arena K, Brancato G, Cacciola F, Crea F, Cataldo S, De Stefano C, Gama S, Lando G, Milea D, Mondello L, Pettignano A, Plass W, Sammartano S. 8-Hydroxyquinoline-2-Carboxylic Acid as Possible Molybdophore: A Multi-Technique Approach to Define Its Chemical Speciation, Coordination and Sequestering Ability in Aqueous Solution. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060930. [PMID: 32570991 PMCID: PMC7356571 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid (8-HQA) has been found in high concentrations (0.5–5.0 mmol·dm−3) in the gut of Noctuid larvae (and in a few other lepidopterans), in which it is proposed to act as a siderophore. Since it is known that many natural siderophores are also involved in the uptake and metabolism of other essential elements than iron, this study reports some results on the investigation of 8-HQA interactions with molybdate (MoO42−, i.e., the main molybdenum form in aqueous environments), in order to understand the possible role of this ligand as molybdophore. A multi-technique approach has been adopted, in order to derive a comprehensive set of information necessary to assess the chemical speciation of the 8-HQA/MoO42− system, as well as the coordination behavior and the sequestering ability of 8-HQA towards molybdate. Chemical speciation studies have been performed in KCl(aq) at I = 0.2 mol·dm−3 and T = 298.15 K by ISE-H+ (glass electrode) potentiometric and UV/Vis spectrophotometric titrations. CV (Cyclic Voltammetry), DP-ASV (Differential Pulse-Anodic Stripping Voltammetry), ESI-MS experiments and quantum mechanical calculations have been also performed to derive information about the nature and possible structure of species formed. These results are also compared with those reported for the 8-HQA/Fe3+ system in terms of chemical speciation and sequestering ability of 8-HQA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Arena
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (K.A.); (F.C.); (C.D.S.); (G.L.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Brancato
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Palazzo della Carovana, Classe di Scienze Matematiche e Naturali, Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Consolare Valeria s.n., 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Francesco Crea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (K.A.); (F.C.); (C.D.S.); (G.L.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Salvatore Cataldo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17., 90128 Palermo, Italy; (S.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Concetta De Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (K.A.); (F.C.); (C.D.S.); (G.L.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sofia Gama
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (D.M.); Tel.: +48-85-7388090 (S.G.); +39-090-676-5758 (D.M.)
| | - Gabriele Lando
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (K.A.); (F.C.); (C.D.S.); (G.L.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Demetrio Milea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (K.A.); (F.C.); (C.D.S.); (G.L.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (D.M.); Tel.: +48-85-7388090 (S.G.); +39-090-676-5758 (D.M.)
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (K.A.); (F.C.); (C.D.S.); (G.L.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Facoltà Dipartimentale di Scienze e Tecnologie per l’Uomo e l’Ambiente, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Roma, Italy
- BeSep s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Pettignano
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17., 90128 Palermo, Italy; (S.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Winfried Plass
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstr 8, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Silvio Sammartano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (K.A.); (F.C.); (C.D.S.); (G.L.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
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