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Yao Z, Wen X, Hong X, Tao R, Yin F, Cao S, Yan J, Wang K, Wang J. Deuteration-Induced Energy Level Structure Reconstruction of Carbon Dots for Enhancing Photoluminescence. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308523. [PMID: 38816951 PMCID: PMC11304250 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Constrained by a limited understanding of the structure and luminescence mechanisms of carbon dots (CDs), achieving precise enhancement of their photoluminescence (PL) performance without altering the emission wavelength and color remains a challenge. In this work, a deuterated CD is first achieved by simply replacing the reaction solvent from H2O to D2O. The substitution of D atoms for H atoms is not limited on the surface but also within the internal structure of CDs. Deuteration affects the formation of the π-conjugated network structure by altering the content of sp2 carbon and sp3 carbon, ultimately inducing a reconstruction for energy level structure of CDs. Both the intrinsic state and surface state emission, including quantum yield, emission intensity and lifetime, are significantly enhanced after deuteration. It benefits from the reduction in non-radiative transitions, since the lowered vibrational frequencies of D atoms and optimized local energy level distribution in CDs structure. The deuterated CDs are applied in the fabrication of white-light-emitting diodes to show their application potential. This work provides a highly versatile route for improving and controlling photoluminescence performance of CDs and has opportunities to guide the development of CDs for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Yao
- College of PhysicsLiaoning UniversityShenyang110036China
| | - Xiaokun Wen
- Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology (Northeast Normal University)Ministry of EducationChangchun130024China
| | - Xia Hong
- Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology (Northeast Normal University)Ministry of EducationChangchun130024China
| | - Ran Tao
- College of PhysicsLiaoning UniversityShenyang110036China
| | - Feifei Yin
- College of PhysicsLiaoning UniversityShenyang110036China
| | - Shuo Cao
- College of PhysicsLiaoning UniversityShenyang110036China
| | - Jiayi Yan
- Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology (Northeast Normal University)Ministry of EducationChangchun130024China
| | - Kexin Wang
- College of PhysicsLiaoning UniversityShenyang110036China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- College of PhysicsLiaoning UniversityShenyang110036China
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2
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Liu T, Dong D, Meng Y, Chen H, Liu C, Qi Z, Li A, Ning Y. Facile and green synthesis of chlorophyll-derived multi-color fluorescent carbonized polymer dots and their use for sensitive detection of hemin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 310:123841. [PMID: 38241933 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Due to the very important role in physiological process, a simple and sensitive hemin detection method is necessarily required. Biomass-based carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) have been widely studied especially as fluorescence probe owing to the advantages of low toxicity and the variety of fluorescence color, yet there are still challenges in developing their multi-color emission property from the same raw materials. In this work, red, white and blue emissive CPDs derived from chlorophyll have been synthesized via hydrothermal method. Then white-emitted CPDs (white-CPDs) with the Commission International d'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates at (0.34, 0.32) were used to develop a fluorescence quenched sensing system for hemin determination. There is a good linear relationship between (F0-F)/F0 and concentration of hemin in the range of 0.1-0.95 μM with a detection limit of 0.043 μM, and the quenching mechanism was considered to be caused by inner filter effect (IFE). Moreover, it has been successfully used for hemin detection in serum and also for visual determination, which indicating great potential in applications of disease diagnoses and trace identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Liu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Deming Dong
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Yingyi Meng
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Haijun Chen
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Chunyue Liu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Zihan Qi
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Anfeng Li
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Yang Ning
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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3
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Kar D, V P, Si S, Panigrahi H, Mishra S. Carbon Dots and Their Polymeric Nanocomposites: Insight into Their Synthesis, Photoluminescence Mechanisms, and Recent Trends in Sensing Applications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11050-11080. [PMID: 38497004 PMCID: PMC10938319 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a novel class of carbon-based nanoparticles, have received a lot of interest recently due to their exceptional mechanical, chemical, and fluorescent properties, as well as their excellent photostability and biocompatibility. CDs' emission properties have already found a variety of potential applications, in which bioimaging and sensing are major highlights. It is widely acknowledged that CDs' fluorescence and surface conditions are closely linked. However, due to the structural complexity of CDs, the specific underlying process of their fluorescence is uncertain and yet to be explained. Because of their low toxicity, robust and wide optical absorption, high chemical stability, rapid transfer characteristics, and ease of modification, CDs have been recognized as promising carbon nanomaterials for a variety of sensing applications. Thus, following such outstanding properties of CDs, they have been mixed and imprinted onto different polymeric components to achieve a highly efficient nanocomposite with improved functional groups and properties. Here, in this review, various approaches and techniques for the preparation of polymer/CDs nanocomposites have been elaborated along with the individual characteristics of CDs. CDs/polymer nanocomposites recently have been highly demanded for sensor applications. The insights from this review are detailed sensor applications of polymer/CDs nanocomposites especially for detection of different chemical and biological analytes such as metal ions, small organic molecules, and several contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip
Kumar Kar
- School of Chemical
Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Praveenkumar V
- Institute of Chemical
Technology (ICT), Indian Oil Campus (IOC), Bhubaneswar, 751013, Odisha, India
| | - Satyabrata Si
- School of Chemical
Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Harekrishna Panigrahi
- School of Chemical
Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Smrutirekha Mishra
- Institute of Chemical
Technology (ICT), Indian Oil Campus (IOC), Bhubaneswar, 751013, Odisha, India
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Ullal N, Mehta R, Sunil D. Separation and purification of fluorescent carbon dots - an unmet challenge. Analyst 2024; 149:1680-1700. [PMID: 38407365 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02134c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Literature reports demonstrate versatile optical applications of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) in biological imaging, full-color solid-state lighting, optoelectronics, sensing, anticounterfeiting and so on. The fluorescence associated with CDs may originate significantly from byproducts generated during their synthesis, which need to be eliminated to achieve error-free results. The significance of purification, specifically for luminescence-based characterizations, is highly critical and imperative. Thus, there is a pressing demand to implement consistent and adequate purification strategies to reduce sample complexity and thereby realize reliable results that can provide a tactical steppingstone towards the advancement of CDs as next-generation optical materials. The article focuses on the mechanism of origin of fluorescence from CDs and further demonstrates the different purification approaches including dialysis, centrifugation, filtration, solvent extraction, chromatography, and electrophoresis that have been adopted by various researchers. Furthermore, the fundamental separation mechanism, as well as the advantages and limitations of each of these purification techniques are discussed. The article finally provides the critical challenges of these purification techniques that need to be overcome to obtain homogeneous CD fractions that demonstrate coherent and reliable optical features for suitable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namratha Ullal
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Riya Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Dhanya Sunil
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India.
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Zhao W, Zhang M, Zhang L, Deng X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Weng S. Carbon Dots with Antioxidant Capacity for Detecting Glucose by Fluorescence and Repairing High-Glucose Damaged Glial Cells. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03599-8. [PMID: 38300482 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic mellitus management extends beyond blood glucose monitoring to the essential task of mitigating the overexpression of reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly vital for cellular repair, especially within the nervous system. Herein, antioxidant carbon dots (Arg-CDs) were designed and prepared using anhydrous citric acid, L-arginine, and ethylenediamine as sources through a hydrothermal method. Arg-CDs exhibited excellent scavenging ability to 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH∙), and fluorescence response to hydroxyl radicals (∙OH), a characteristic representative of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Assisted by glucose oxidase and Fe2+, Arg-CDs showed a sensitive and selective response to glucose. The quenching mechanism of Arg-CDs by formed ∙OH was based on the static quenching effect (SQE). The analytical performance of this method for glucose detection encompassed a wide linear range (0.3-15 μM), a low practical limit of detection (0.1 μM) and practical applicability for blood glucose monitoring. In an in vitro model employing glial cells (BV2 cells), it was observed that high glucose medium led to notable cellular damage ascribed to the excessive ROS production from hyperglycemia. The diminished and apoptotic glial cells were gradually recovered by adding increased contents of Arg-CDs. This work illustrates a promising area that designs effective carbon dots with antioxidant capacity for the dual applications of detection and cell repairing based on the utilization of antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Menghan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Xiaoqin Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Shaohuang Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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Gao Q, Guo X, Meng L, Liu M, Chen L, Li H, Hu J. N, S/P co-doped hemicellulose-based carbon dots with tunable fluorescence for anti-counterfeiting. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126332. [PMID: 37579897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Based on the status quo of high energy consumption and low utilization of nonfibrous components in traditional pulp and paper industry, a sustainable and facile approach was proceeded to realize the high-value utilization of hemicelluloses from papermaking waste liquor. The hemicellulose waste produced by ethanol precipitation in pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL), was directly used to fabricate carbon dots (CDs) via a hydrothermal method. The hydrothermal carbonization and heteroatoms doping contributed to the sp2 conjugated domains and surface defect states of CDs, thus creating the bright blue (N-CDs), deep cyan (N/S-CDs), and light cyan (N/P-CDs) fluorescence under UV radiation. The XPS analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated that the large sp2 conjugated system and the synergistic effect of CO, N-(C)3, CS, and PO groups promoted the narrow of band gap and the red-shift of fluorescence emission. Importantly, the prepared CDs grew in situ on cotton fibers, showed excellent fluorescent performance. The obtained CDs could be also utilized to prepare anti-counterfeiting film and ink due to their excellent optical features, verifying the great potential application as security material. The feasible strategy of the high-value conversion of biomass waste opens a window of opportunity for the practical anti-counterfeiting utilizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Gao
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China
| | - Ling Meng
- Huangpu Hydrogen Energy Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Mengru Liu
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China.
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China.
| | - Jian Hu
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China
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7
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Mandal T, Mishra SR, Singh V. Comprehensive advances in the synthesis, fluorescence mechanism and multifunctional applications of red-emitting carbon nanomaterials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5717-5765. [PMID: 37881704 PMCID: PMC10597556 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00447c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Red emitting fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have drawn significant scientific interest in recent years due to their high quantum yield, water-dispersibility, photostability, biocompatibility, ease of surface functionalization, low cost and eco-friendliness. The red emissive characteristics of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials generally depend on the carbon source, reaction time, synthetic approach/methodology, surface functional groups, average size, and other reaction environments, which directly or indirectly help to achieve red emission. The importance of several factors to achieve red fluorescent carbon nanomaterials is highlighted in this review. Numerous plausible theories have been explained in detail to understand the origin of red fluorescence and tunable emission in these carbon-based nanostructures. The above advantages and fluorescence in the red region make them a potential candidate for multifunctional applications in various current fields. Therefore, this review focused on the recent advances in the synthesis approach, mechanism of fluorescence, and electronic and optical properties of red-emitting fluorescent carbon nanomaterials. This review also explains the several innovative applications of red-emitting fluorescent carbon nanomaterials such as biomedicine, light-emitting devices, sensing, photocatalysis, energy, anticounterfeiting, fluorescent silk, artificial photosynthesis, etc. It is hoped that by choosing appropriate methods, the present review can inspire and guide future research on the design of red emissive fluorescent carbon nanomaterials for potential advancements in multifunctional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Mandal
- Environment Emission and CRM Section, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad Jharkhand 828108 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
| | - Shiv Rag Mishra
- Environment Emission and CRM Section, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad Jharkhand 828108 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Environment Emission and CRM Section, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad Jharkhand 828108 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
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8
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Miao C, Zhou X, Huang X, Huang J, Chen Y, Liu Y, Hu X, Zeng L, Weng S, Chen H. Effectively synthesized functional Si-doped carbon dots with the applications in tyrosinase detection and lysosomal imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341789. [PMID: 37827683 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
There has been significant interest in the preparation and versatile applications of carbon dots (CDs) due to their immense potential value in sensors and imaging. In this work, silicon-doped green carbon dots (Si-CDs) with high quantum yield and rich epoxypropyl were effectively synthesized. Given the clinical diagnostic importance of abnormal levels of tyrosinase (TYR), sensitive detection of TYR is significant for clinical research. A fluorescence signal-off strategy with Si-CDs as probe was constructed to determine TYR based on the oxidation of dopamine by TYR. The detection ranges of this method were 0.01-1.5 and 10-30 U/mL with the detection limit of 0.0046 U/mL, the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.01 U/mL, and TYR was successfully and accurately monitored in human serum. Additionally, due to the role of lysosomes in cellular regulatory processes, including TYR levels and fluorescence stability characteristics of Si-CDs in acidic conditions, it was envisaged to use Si-CDs as probe to establish real-time monitoring of lysosomes. According to fluorescence colocation analysis, Si-CDs had intrinsic lysosomal targeting ability to HepG2 and L-02 (with Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.90 and 0.91, respectively). The targeting of Si-CDs to lysosomes was due to the acidophilic effect of the epoxypropyl on its surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfang Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Team of the PLA, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Team of the PLA, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Xiaoyang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou, 350001, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jiyue Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Team of the PLA, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yuebin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Team of the PLA, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Xiaomu Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Team of the PLA, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Lingjun Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Team of the PLA, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Shaohuang Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Huixing Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Chakrabarty P, Ghorai A, Pal S, Adak D, Roy B, Ray SK, Mukherjee R. Superior white electroluminescent devices using nitrogen-doped carbon dots/TiO 2nanorods heterostructures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:015202. [PMID: 37725943 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acfb08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs), exhibiting strong yellow emission in aqueous solution and solid matrices, have been utilized for fabricating heterostructure white electroluminescence devices. These devices consist of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as an emissive layer sandwiched between an organic hole transport layer (PEDOT:PSS) and an array of rutile TiO2nanorods, acting as an electron transport layer. Under an applied forward bias of 5 V, the device exhibits broadband electroluminescence covering the wavelength range of 390-900 nm, resulting in pure white light emission characteristics at room temperature. The result demonstrates the successful fabrication of all solution-processed, low-cost, eco-friendly NCDs-based LEDs with CIE (Commission Internationale d'Éclairage) coordinate of (0.31, 0.34) and color rendering index (CRI) > 90, which are close to ideal white light emission characteristics. The device functionalities are achieved based on defect-related NIR emission from TiO2nanorods array and visible emission from nitrogen-doped carbon dots. This result paves a new opportunity to develop low-cost, solution-processed nitrogen-doped carbon dots based on warm White light emitting diodes with high CRI for large-area display and lighting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulomi Chakrabarty
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Arup Ghorai
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Sourabh Pal
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Deepanjana Adak
- Centre of Excellence for Green Energy and Sensor Systems, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Baidyanath Roy
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Samit K Ray
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Rabibrata Mukherjee
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
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10
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Cho S, Jung CW, Lee D, Byun Y, Kim H, Han H, Kim JH, Kwon W. Predictable incorporation of nitrogen into carbon dots: insights from pinacol rearrangement and iminium ion cyclization. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5613-5626. [PMID: 37822896 PMCID: PMC10563847 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00550j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (CDs) have attracted considerable attention across various research areas and applications due to their enhanced optical properties and photostability. However, the mechanism of nitrogen incorporation in CDs remains elusive, hampering the precise control over nitrogen-incorporated structures and the investigation of the effects of nitrogen on the electronic structure and optical properties of CDs. In this study, we employed a rational design approach, utilizing glucosamine and ethylene glycol as the carbon source and co-reagent, respectively, to synthesize N-doped CDs. Our synthesis strategy involved pinacol rearrangement and iminium ion cyclization reactions, enabling the reliable formation of N-doped CDs. Notably, the resulting CDs exhibited distinctive emissive states attributed to heteroatomic defect structures, including oxygenic and nitrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. To gain further insights into their energy levels and electronic transitions, we conducted comprehensive investigations, employing extended Hückel calculations and pump-probe spectroscopy. The synthesized CDs displayed great promise as bioimaging and photodynamic therapy agents, highlighting their potential for biomedical applications. Moreover, our study significantly contributes valuable insights into the rational design of N-doped CDs with controllable chemical and electronic structures, thereby paving the way for advancements in their diverse range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University Seoul 04310 South Korea
| | - Chan-Woo Jung
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 South Korea
| | - Dajin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University Seoul 04310 South Korea
| | - Yerim Byun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University Seoul 04310 South Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University Seoul 05029 South Korea
| | - Hyunho Han
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul 03722 South Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Kim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University Busan 46241 South Korea
| | - Woosung Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University Seoul 04310 South Korea
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Systems, Sookmyung Women's University Seoul 04310 South Korea
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11
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Bao H, Liu Y, Li H, Qi W, Sun K. Luminescence of carbon quantum dots and their application in biochemistry. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20317. [PMID: 37790961 PMCID: PMC10543222 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene, carbon dots (CDs) are causing a lot of research work in their own right. CDs are a type of surface-passivated quantum dot that contain carbon atoms. Their distinctive characteristics, such as luminescent emission that varies with size and wavelength, resistance to photobleaching, easy biological binding, lack of toxicity, and economical production without the need for intricate synthetic processes, have led to a noteworthy surge in attention within the research community. Different techniques can be utilized to create these CDs, spanning from basic candle burning to laser ablation. This review article delves into the principles of fluorescence technology, providing insights into how different synthesis methods of quantum dots impact their luminescent properties. Additionally, it highlights the latest applications of quantum dots in catalysis and biomedical fields, with special emphasis on the current status of luminescent properties in biology and chemistry. Towards the end, the article discusses the limitations of quantum dots in current practical applications, pointing out that CDs hold promising potential for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yihao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyan Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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12
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Moniruzzaman M, Kim J. Synthesis and post-synthesis strategies for polychromatic carbon dots toward unique and tunable multicolor photoluminescence and associated emission mechanism. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13858-13885. [PMID: 37535002 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02367b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) with unique and tunable multicolor photoluminescence (PL) emission has attracted tremendous attention in the past few years due to their potential multifaceted application, specially in the biomedical and optoelectronic fields. There has been extensive deliberation and efforts to engineer the synthesis or post synthesis approach to obtain multicolor-emissive CDs and tune their optical properties toward longer wavelength. This review mainly focuses on the advancement of strategies for synthesis and post-synthesis techniques of CDs toward tunable multicolor emission. Based on the above discussion to achieve desired goals, several synthesis strategies (selection of proper benzenoid precursor, acid/base treatment of biomass, optimization of reaction conditions, optimization of the reagents, solvent engineering, acid strength regulation, reaction temperature regulation, chemical doping) and various post synthesis strategies (column chromatographic separation or purification, solvatochromism, pH variation, surface functionalization, concentration variation) have been reviewed. Although numerous research articles have been published on the synthesis of multicolor CDs for multifaceted application, there is still a lack of a concise review article focusing on systematic synthesis/post synthesis strategies with PL mechanism elucidation. Thus, we focused on providing a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art advances on the strategies for the preparation of polychromatic CDs with tunable emission and elucidating their emission mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongsung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Wang L, Weng S, Su S, Wang W. Progress on the luminescence mechanism and application of carbon quantum dots based on biomass synthesis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19173-19194. [PMID: 37362342 PMCID: PMC10288538 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02519e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous development of carbon-based materials, a variety of new materials have emerged one after another. Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) have succeeded in standing out from the crowd of new materials due to their better optical properties in biomedicine, ion detection, anti-counterfeiting materials and photocatalysis. In recent years, through the continuous exploration of CQDs, research scholars have found that the organic substances or heavy metals contained in traditional ones can cause irreversible harm to people and the environment. Therefore, the application of traditional CQDs in future studies will be gradually limited. Among various new materials, biomass raw materials have the merits of good biocompatibility, lower toxicity and green and environmental protection, which largely overcome the defects of traditional materials and have attracted many scholars to focus on the research and development of various biomass CQDs. This paper summarises the optical properties, fluorescence mechanisms, synthetic methods, functionalisation modulation of biomass CQDs and their relevant research progress in the fields of ion detection, bioimaging, biomedicine, biosensing, solar cells, anti-counterfeit materials, photocatalysis and capacitors. Finally, the paper concludes with some discussion of the challenges and prospects of this exciting and promising field of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, MinNan Science and Technology University Quanzhou 362332 China
| | - Shujia Weng
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, MinNan Science and Technology University Quanzhou 362332 China
| | - Shuai Su
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, MinNan Science and Technology University Quanzhou 362332 China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, MinNan Science and Technology University Quanzhou 362332 China
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14
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Yan Z, Chen T, Yan L, Liu X, Zheng J, Ren F, Yang Y, Liu B, Liu X, Xu B. One-Step Synthesis of White-Light-Emitting Carbon Dots for White LEDs with a High Color Rendering Index of 97. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206386. [PMID: 36815394 PMCID: PMC10131834 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
White-light-emitting carbon dots (WCDs) show innate advantages as phosphors in white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). For WLEDs, the color rendering index (CRI) is the most important metric to evaluate its performance. Herein, WCDs are prepared by a facile one-step solvothermal reaction of trimellitic acid and o-phenylenediamine. It consists of four CDs identified by column chromatography as blue, green, yellow, red, and thus white light is a superposition of these four types of light. The mixture of the four CDs undergoes Förster resonance energy transfer to induce the generation of white light. The photoluminescence of WCDs originates from the synergistic effect of carbon core and surface states. Thereinto, the carbon core states dominate in RCDs, and the increase of amide contents and degree of conjugation promote the redshift of the emission spectra, which is further confirmed by theoretical calculations. In addition, a high CRI of 97 is achieved when the WCDs are used as phosphors to fabricate WLEDs, which is almost the highest value up to now. The multicolor LEDs can also be fabricated by using the four multicolor CDs as phosphors, respectively. This work provides a novel approach to explore the rapid preparation of low-cost, high-performance WCDs and CDs-based WLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsMinistry of EducationTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsMinistry of EducationTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Lingpeng Yan
- Shanxi‐Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering030032TaiyuanP. R. China
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Xinghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsMinistry of EducationTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Jingxia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsMinistry of EducationTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
- Shanxi‐Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering030032TaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Fu‐de Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyNorth University of China030051TaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Yongzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsMinistry of EducationTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
- Shanxi‐Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering030032TaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Energy and Power EngineeringNorth University of China030051TaiyuanP. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyNorth University of China030051TaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsMinistry of EducationTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Bingshe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsMinistry of EducationTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
- Shanxi‐Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering030032TaiyuanP. R. China
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15
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Zou H, Liao X, Lu X, Hu X, Xiong Y, Cao J, Pan J, Li C, Zheng Y. Fluorescence studies of double-emitting carbon dots and application in detection of H2O in ethanol and differentiation of cancer cell and normal cell. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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16
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Khan WU, Qin L, Chen L, Khan WU, Zeb S, Khan A, Li S, Khan SU, Kamal S, Zhou P. High biocompatible nitrogen and sulfur Co-doped carbon dots for Hg(II) detection and their long-term biological stability in living cells. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1245:340847. [PMID: 36737134 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon dots have been highly reported nanomaterials in recent times because of their excellent physio-chemical properties and various field of applications. Herein, a one-step hydrothermal approach was used to synthesize high biocompatible nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots, and examined their chemical sensing (Hg2+) and biological imaging properties. The N,S-CDs exhibited blue light, demonstrating a high quantum yield of up to 44.5% and excitation-independent fluorescent characteristics. Cytotoxicity was observed by CCK-8 assay using T-ca cells as a target source. Cell viability was recorded over 80% even after 7 days of treatment with a concentration up to 400 μg/mL, indicating low-toxicity of N,S-CDs. Notably, the bright blue fluorescence of N,S-CDs was quenched by introducing toxic Hg2+ ions into the solution. The detection limit was calculated to be about ∼3.5 nM, which is quite impressive compared to previous reports. Because of their low-toxicity, nano-size, and environment friendly properties, N,S-CDs could be excellent fluorescent agents for bio-imaging applications. The biological stability of fluorescent N,S-CDs was tested over time, and the findings were significant even after 8 days of incubation with T-ca cells. Because of good biocompatibility and bright fluorescence, N,S-CDs were suitable for in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Ullah Khan
- Institute for Advanced Study, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China.
| | - Liying Qin
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Lixin Chen
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Wasim Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510273, PR China.
| | - Shah Zeb
- Institute for Advanced Study, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Asaf Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510273, PR China
| | - Shengzhen Li
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Salim Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Bannu, and Degree Collage Sikander Khel Bala, Bannu 28100, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Kamal
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 226237, PR China
| | - Ping Zhou
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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17
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Wu Y, Chen X, Wu W. Multiple Stimuli-Response Polychromatic Carbon Dots for Advanced Information Encryption and Safety. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206709. [PMID: 36642825 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical information encryption and safety have aroused great attention since they are closely correlated to data protection and information safety. The development of multiple stimuli-response optical materials for constructing large-capacity information encryption and safety is very important for practical applications. Carbon dots (CDs) have many gratifying merits, such as polychromatic emission, diverse luminous categories, and stable physicochemical properties, and are considered as one of the most ideal candidates for information protection. Herein, carbon core, functional groups, solvents, and other crucial factors are reviewed for outputting polychromatic emission of multiple luminous categories. In particular, substrate engineering strategies have been emphasized for their critical role in yielding excellent optical features of multiple luminous categories. High-capacity information encryption and safety strategies are reviewed by relying on the rich optical properties of CDs, such as polychromatic emission, multiple luminous categories of fluorescence, afterglow, and upconversion, as well as external-stimuli-assisted optical changes. Some perspectives for preparing excellent CDs and further developing information security strategies are proposed. This review provides a good reference for the manipulation of polychromatic CDs and the development of next-generation information encryption and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfusheng Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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18
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Li J, Ma X, Ma M. Preparation and performance study of dye-based carbon quantum dots. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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19
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Li J, Gong X. The Emerging Development of Multicolor Carbon Dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2205099. [PMID: 36328736 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a relatively new type of fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials, multicolor carbon dots (MCDs) have attracted much attention because of their excellent biocompatibility, tunable photoluminescence (PL), high quantum yield, and unique electronic and physicochemical properties. The multicolor emission characteristics of carbon dots (CDs) obviously depend on the carbon source precursor, reaction conditions, and reaction environment, which directly or indirectly determines the multicolor emission characteristics of CDs. Therefore, this review is the first systematic classification and summary of multiple regulation methods of synthetic MCDs and reviews the recent research progress in the synthesis of MCDs from a variety of precursor materials such as aromatic molecules, small organic molecules, and natural biomass, focusing on how different regulation methods produce corresponding MCDs. This review also introduces the innovative applications of MCDs in the fields of biological imaging, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), sensing, and anti-counterfeiting due to their excellent PL properties. It is hoped that by selecting appropriate adjustment methods, this review can inspire and guide the future research on the design of tailored MCDs, and provide corresponding help for the development of multifunctional MCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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20
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Huang Y, Huang B, Zhang H, Lu X, Zhang Y, Gao X, Zhuang S. Electrochemical control of emission enhancement in solid-state nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16170-16179. [PMID: 36278417 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03691f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Because of their excellent optical and electrical properties, doped carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are expected to be used in novel film optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting diodes and solar cells. However, these device advancements are currently hindered by the elusive photophysical process of doped CQDs in solid-state films. Here, the optical properties of nitrogen-doped CQD (N-CQD) films are studied using spectro-electrochemical (SEC) methods. A distinctive photoluminescence (PL) enhancement phenomenon is observed, in which the PL intensity of the N-CQD film can be increased in both positive and negative electrochemical potential sweeps. The effect of positive potential on PL enhancement is greater (∼340% at +1.4 V), while that of negative potential is slightly weaker (∼10% at -1.4 V). To the best of our knowledge, no similar brightening process has been reported in all previous SEC studies on a variety of QDs, wherein the emission intensity can only exhibit enhancement under positive or negative potential at most. We propose that the above PL brightening is related to the weakened π-π stacking effect after electrochemical charge injection and nitrogen doping plays a crucial role in it. Finally, a low hysteresis reversible electrochemistry regulation of the PL spectrum can be achieved by increasing electrolyte fluidity with argon gas bubbling to reduce local charge aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihuai Huang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality and New Energy, School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Huang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality and New Energy, School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Huichao Zhang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality and New Energy, School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Xinmiao Lu
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality and New Energy, School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality and New Energy, School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Xiumin Gao
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Songlin Zhuang
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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21
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Kumari R, Sahu SK. A new insights into multicolor emissive carbon dots using Trachelospermum jasminoides leaves for the application of WLEDs. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Bai J, Cheng Y, He F, Liu Q, Qiang S, Zhang L, Yang J, Wang C, Xu Y, Zhang W. Environment‐Sensitive Carbon Dots Derived from Naphthalenediol for Solvent Polarity Indicator and Anti‐Counterfeiting. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecular Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame-Retardant and Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Yanyan Cheng
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecular Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame-Retardant and Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Futao He
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecular Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame-Retardant and Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Qiqi Liu
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecular Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame-Retardant and Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Shunfei Qiang
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecular Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame-Retardant and Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Lanxi Zhang
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecular Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame-Retardant and Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Jiahao Yang
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecular Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame-Retardant and Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Chiyu Wang
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecular Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame-Retardant and Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Yuanqing Xu
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecular Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame-Retardant and Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecular Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame-Retardant and Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
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Jia X, Yin CL, Li J, Li JR, An BL, Xu J. Efficient synthesis of yellow-green carbon quantum dots as a sensitive fluorescent probe of folic acid. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200046. [PMID: 35233966 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bright yellow-green carbon quantum dots (YGCDs) have been successfully synthesized by a simple and efficient hydrothermal method. Its luminescent absolute quantum yield reached 30.0% in 4 h, compared with that using common reported solvothermal method, the synthesis time was reduced more than 70% with tin oxide nano particles as a catalyst. Moreover, the fluorescence of YGCDs could be selectively quenched by folic acid (FA) molecules, and the relative fluorescence intensities of F/F0 was fitted perfectly in line decay curve versus the concentration of FA in the range of 2.0 × 10-8 mol/l ~ 1.0 × 10-5 mol/l (R2 = 0.9988). The detection limit of FA was below 2.0 × 10-8 mol/l, suggesting a promising fluorescent probe of folic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jia
- Shanghai University, Department of chemistry, CHINA
| | | | - Jing Li
- Shanghai University, Department of chemistry, CHINA
| | - Juan-Rong Li
- Shanghai University, Department of chemistry, CHINA
| | - Bao-Li An
- Shanghai University, Department of chemistry, Shangda road 99, 200444, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Jiaqiang Xu
- Shanghai University, Department of chemistry, CHINA
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Horo H, Saha M, Das H, Mandal B, Kundu LM. Synthesis of highly fluorescent, amine-functionalized carbon dots from biotin-modified chitosan and silk-fibroin blend for target-specific delivery of antitumor agents. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118862. [PMID: 34893267 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have been a promising theranostic tool with high biocompatibility and a tailorable fluorescence profile. Herein, we report the synthesis of highly fluorescent amine-functionalized CDs from low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) and silk-fibroin (SF) blends. The synthesized CDs were quasi-spherical in shape with a size of 3 ± 1.5 nm. A significant increase in fluorescent intensity and quantum yield was achieved upon increasing the SF content due to nitrogen doping. For inducing target specificity to cancer cells, biotin was covalently conjugated to the CDs, and the conjugation was determined by FTIR spectroscopy. The conjugate was further loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a model anti-cancer drug. The MTT assay showed increased cytotoxicity of the conjugated CDs in cancer cells compared to normal cells. The live-cell imaging in MCF-7 cell lines showed bright blue-colored fluorescence and increased internalization of the conjugated CDs than the non-conjugate ones due to receptor-mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himali Horo
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Muktashree Saha
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Himadree Das
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Bishnupada Mandal
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Lal Mohan Kundu
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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25
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Chang D, Zhao Z, Niu W, Shi L, Yang Y. Iron ion sensing and in vitro and in vivo imaging based on bright blue-fluorescent carbon dots. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 260:119964. [PMID: 34052767 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we propose an eco-friendly synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) and ingeniously design a rapid and label-free "turn-off" sensing platform for ultrasensitive recognition of Fe3+ in vitro and in vivo. CDs with extraordinary advantages involving exceptional stability, ultra-low toxicity as well as admirable biocompatibility were simply prepared via one-step hydrothermal strategy of Caulis polygoni multiflora. Result indicated that as-acquired CDs not only exhibit excitation dependency, but also have a high quantum yield of (QY) up to 42%. Miraculously, the fluorescence of CDs can be extinguished sharply by Fe3+ because of static quenching effect with linear range of 0-400 µM, yielding a detection limit of 0.025 μM. Benefiting from these characteristics, CDs have been extended for multicolourful imaging and tracking Fe3+ fluctuations in living cells. Bioimaging of zebrafish larvae exposed to CDs confirmed that it is smoothly circulated to other tissues and organs owing to their small size. Eventually, as-prepared CDs have been implemented for the real-time detection of Fe3+ in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wenjing Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Yongxing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Facile synthesis of quantum dots/TiO2 photocatalyst with superior photocatalytic activity: the effect of carbon nitride quantum dots and N-doped carbon dots. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kundu S, Ghosh M, Sarkar N. State of the Art and Perspectives on the Biofunctionalization of Fluorescent Metal Nanoclusters and Carbon Quantum Dots for Targeted Imaging and Drug Delivery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9281-9301. [PMID: 34297580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The interface of nanobio science and cancer nanomedicine is one of the most important current frontiers in research, being full of opportunities and challenges. Ultrasmall fluorescent metal nanoclusters (MNCs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have emerged as promising fluorescent nanomaterials due to their unique physicochemical and optical properties, facile surface functionalization, good photostability, biocompatibility, and aqueous dispersity. These characteristics make them advantageous over conventional fluorophores such as organic dye molecules and semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) for the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of various diseases including cancer. Recently, researchers have focused on the biofunctionalization strategy of the MNCs and CQDs which can tailor their physicochemical and biological properties and, in turn, can empower these biofunctionalized nanoprobes for diverse applications including imaging, drug delivery, theranostics, and other biomedical applications. In this invited feature article, we first discuss some fundamental structural and physicochemical characteristics of the fluorescent biocompatible quantum-sized nanomaterials which have some outstanding features for the development of multiplexed imaging probes, delivery vehicles, and cancer nanomedicine. We then demonstrate the diverse surface engineering of these fluorescent nanomaterials with reactive target specific functional groups which can help to construct multifunctional nanoprobes with improved targeting capabilities having minimal toxicity. The promising future of the biofunctionalized fluorescent quantum-sized nanomaterials in the field of bioanalytical and biomedical research is elaborately demonstrated, showing selected recent works with relevant applications. This invited feature article finally ends with a short discussion of the current challenges and future prospects of the development of these bioconjugated/biofunctionalized nanomaterials to provide insight into this burgeoning field of MNC- and CQD-based diagnostics and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, WB India
| | - Meghna Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, WB India
| | - Nilmoni Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, WB India
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28
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Li F, Li QL, Hu L, Zhu HY, Wang WJ, Kong FY, Li HY, Wang ZX, Wang W. Ratiometric detection of p-nitrophenol and its derivatives using a dual-emissive neuron cell-like carbonized probe based on a ππ stacking quenching mechanism. Analyst 2021; 146:4566-4575. [PMID: 34152330 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00891a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
p-Nitrophenol and its derivatives can cause serious harm to the health of mankind and the earth's ecosystem. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel and rapid detection technology for p-nitrophenol and its derivative. Herein, excellent water-soluble, large-size and dual-emissive neuron cell-analogous carbon-based probes (NCNPs) have been prepared via a solvothermal approach, using o-phenylenediamine as the only precursor, which exhibit two distinctive fluorescence (FL) peaks at 420 and 555 nm under 345 nm excitation. The NCNPs show a neuron cell-like branched structure, are cross-connected, and are in the range of 10-20 nm in skeleton diameter. Interestingly, their blue-green dual-colour fluorescence is quenched by p-nitrophenol or its derivative due to the specific mechanism of the ππ stacking interactions or internal filtration effect. Accordingly, a simple, rapid, direct and free-label ratiometric FL detection of p-nitrophenol is proposed. An excellent linear relationship shows linear regions over the range of 0.1-50 μM between the ratio of the FL intensity (FL555 nm/FL420 nm) and the concentrations of p-nitrophenol. The detection limit is as low as 43 nM (3σ). Importantly, the NCNP-based probe also shows acceptable repeatability and reproducibility for the detection of p-nitrophenol and its derivatives, and the recovery results for p-nitrophenol in real wastewater samples are favourable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Qi-Le Li
- School of Science, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, P.R. China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Hong-Yu Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Fen-Ying Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Heng-Ye Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Zhong-Xia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
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29
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Zhu Z, Li X, Luo M, Chen M, Chen W, Yang P, Zhou X. Synthesis of carbon dots with high photocatalytic reactivity by tailoring heteroatom doping. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 605:330-341. [PMID: 34329982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant by carbon-based materials is still a challenge. Herein, xylose-derived carbon dots (X-CDs) and chitosan-derived CDs (C-CDs) were synthesized by heteroatoms-doping strategy. Although there is almost no difference in fluorescence emission behaviors, the two types of CDs demonstrated different advantages in photocatalysis and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Comparative research revealed that the X-CDs with doping of heteroatom S was superior in the separation of electron-hole pairs, resulting in a higher catalytic performance, while the S, N co-doped C-CDs can only exhibit high photocatalytic reactivity when they were coupled with PMS. The underlying reason is that the N-related functional groups with strong electron-donating property weakened the electron-trapping capacity of S-related energy level, but surface state resulting from this doping structures were conducive to promoting photo-generated electron transfer from C-CDs to PMS and played the primary role in organic oxidation. Thanks to the doping effect, both the X-CDs and C-CDs/PMS system displayed high photocatalytic performance for methylene blue removal under sunlight irradiation, showing almost 100% degradation efficiency in a 30 min period. The present study provides a valuable insight for the synthesis of CDs-based catalysts but also establishes a very promising catalytic oxidation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Fast-growing Tree & Agro-fibre Materials Engineering Center, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Fast-growing Tree & Agro-fibre Materials Engineering Center, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Min Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Fast-growing Tree & Agro-fibre Materials Engineering Center, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Minzhi Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Fast-growing Tree & Agro-fibre Materials Engineering Center, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weimin Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Fast-growing Tree & Agro-fibre Materials Engineering Center, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Pei Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Fast-growing Tree & Agro-fibre Materials Engineering Center, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Fast-growing Tree & Agro-fibre Materials Engineering Center, Nanjing 210037, China.
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30
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Synthesis, Characterization and Ecotoxicity Evaluation of Biochar-Derived Carbon Dots from Spruce Tree, Purple Moor-Grass and African Oil Palm. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9071095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar-derived C-Dots from Picea, Molinia caerulea and Elaeis guineensis were synthesized through a hydrothermal process, and their physicochemical and optical characteristics and environmental effects were compared. These C-Dots were characterized by techniques such as Attenuated Total Reflection–Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR), UV-Vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Z potential, and High-Resolution Transmission Electronical Microscopy (HR-TEM). The ecotoxicity tests were performed using the Microtox™ test, making this study one of the few that use this method. The C-Dots from Molinia caerulea showed the best quantum yield (QY) of 8.39% and moderate ecotoxicity, while Elaeis guineensis has the lowest QY (2.31%) but with zero toxicity. Furthermore, the C-Dots from Picea presents good optical properties but showed high toxicity and limits its use. Finally, all C-Dots showed functional groups that could be biofunctionalized with biomolecules, especially C-Dots from Molinia caerulea and Elaeis guineensis show potential for use in the development of optical biosensors.
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31
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Ni Y, Li X, Liang W, Zhang S, Xu X, Li Z, Li L, Shao Y, Ruan S, Zhang W. Transformation of random lasing to Fabry-Perot lasing: observation of high temperature lasing from carbon dots. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7566-7573. [PMID: 33881119 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00927c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a subject of academic research, have attracted intense attention due to their intrinsic merits of high stability, low cost, and low toxicity. However, the absence of highly efficient red-emitting CDs restricts their application in a variety of areas including lasers. In this work, red emissive CDs (R-CDs) with a quantum yield as high as 66.7% were prepared using 1,3-dihydroxynaphthalene as the initial source. It is found that the superior optical properties of R-CDs are attributed to the high oxidation degree and high ratio of hydroxyl functional groups on the surface of CDs. Red emissive random lasing at 612 nm was realized from a microcavity by using the R-CDs/epoxy composite as the gain medium at room temperature. Simultaneously, the transformation of random lasing to Fabry-Perot lasing in the same laser cavity at 250 °C was observed. This is on account of the declining optical gain which is insufficient to support random lasing in the microcavity at high temperatures. As a result, CD based Fabry-Perot lasing was achieved at a temperature as high as 250 °C for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Wenqing Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Shaofeng Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Xuesong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenyuan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Ling Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Yonghong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shuangchen Ruan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Wenfei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
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32
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Wang X, Gao S, Xu N, Xu L, Chen S, Mei C, Xu C. Facile synthesis of phosphorus‐nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots from cyanobacteria for bioimaging. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass‐based Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Gao
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass‐based Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Xu
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass‐based Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass‐based Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Sainan Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Science Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Changtong Mei
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass‐based Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Changyan Xu
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass‐based Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing People's Republic of China
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33
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Du F, Cheng Z, Wang G, Li M, Lu W, Shuang S, Dong C. Carbon Nanodots as a Multifunctional Fluorescent Sensing Platform for Ratiometric Determination of Vitamin B 2 and "Turn-Off" Detection of pH. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2836-2844. [PMID: 33621092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized carbon nanodots (CNDs) by a one-pot hydrothermal method to carbonize precursors of dry carnation petals and polyethylenimine. The obtained CNDs possess favorable photostability, good biocompatibility, and excellent water solubility, which can serve as a dual-responsive nanosensor for the determination of vitamin B2 (VB2) and pH. A unique ratiometric fluorescence resonance energy transfer probe was developed through a strong interaction between VB2 and surface moieties of CNDs. CNDs emitted at 470 nm; however, in the presence of VB2, an enhanced emission peak was clearly observed at 532 nm. The value of I532/I470 exhibits a stable response to the VB2 concentration from 0.35 to 35.9 μM with a detection limit of 37.2 nM, which has been used for VB2 detection in food and medicine samples and ratiometric imaging of VB2 in living cells with satisfying performance. In addition, the proposed CNDs also displayed pH-sensitive behavior and can be a turn-off fluorescent sensor to monitor pH. The fluorescent intensity at 470 nm is a good linear response against pH values from 3.6 to 8, affording the capability as a single-emissive nanoprobe for intracellular pH sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Du
- Institute of Environmental Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Institute of Environmental Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Minglu Li
- Institute of Environmental Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- Institute of Environmental Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- Institute of Environmental Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
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34
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Li T, Shi W, Shuang E, Mao Q, Chen X. Green preparation of carbon dots with different surface states simultaneously at room temperature and their sensing applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 591:334-342. [PMID: 33618291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is a considerable challenge to develop environmental friendly, low-cost methodology for green preparation of carbon dots (CDs). Herein, CDs with different surface states are prepared using o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) and hydroquinone (HQ) as precursors via oxidation/polymerization and Schiff base reaction at room temperature without additional oxidizing agents. Two CDs products (YCDs and GCDs) are obtained after separation with silica gel column chromatography based on their polarity differences. The different surface states endow these two CDs with different properties. The rich NO2 and OH groups on the surface of YCDs contribute to a narrow band gap, resulting in the red-shifted photoluminescence (PL) emission of this CDs product, making it a sensitive probe for the detection of toxic pollutant p-nitrophenol (p-NP) attributed to the inner filter effect, along with a detection limit of 0.08 μmol/L. GCDs are characterized with abundant surficial NH2 groups, and can be used as a potential probe to detect H2O content in D2O, giving a detection limit of 0.17 vol%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Li
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Shuang E
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Quanxing Mao
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Xuwei Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China.
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35
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Zhao P, Jin B, Zhang Q, Peng R. High-Quality Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots on Photoluminescence: Effect of Carbon Sources. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1760-1767. [PMID: 33508931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs) are a new class of nanomaterial with an extraordinary photoluminescent property. Here, three highly water-soluble and photoluminescent CNQDs are synthesized through a green and facile one-step hydrothermal approach, with urea as the nitrogen source and citric acid and its salts as carbon sources. The photoluminescence (PL) performance demonstrated that the fluorescence emission peak was altered by neither the structures nor the molar ratio of urea to the carbon source. Three highly luminescent CNQDs with a quantum yield of 40% were obtained when the molar ratio of urea to sodium citrate, citric acid, and ammonium citrate was 6:1, 18:1, and 18:1, which have average sizes of 4.1, 4.6, and 6.3 nm, respectively. Moreover, the possibility of using CNQDs as potential probes to determine the concentration of iron is also discussed. The results show that the as-prepared CNQDs has high selectivity for Fe3+ ions. The quenching mechanism of CNQDs by iron is connected with the nitrogen functional groups on the surface of CNQDs. Results showed valuable information about the effects of the carbon source on the PL efficiency, biocompatibility, and metal ion detection properties of CNQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Qingchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Rufan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
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36
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Lee HJ, Jana J, Chung JS, Hur SH. Uncovering the actual inner-filter effect between highly efficient carbon dots and nitroaromatics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 236:118342. [PMID: 32305836 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High performance sensors can be produced by adequately designing the chemical structure and uncovering the actual detection mechanism. In this study, a fluorescent probe was synthesized for various nitroaromatic molecules, including stereochemically varied nitrophenols and nitroaniline. A systematic investigation of the influence of various analytes on the luminescence behavior of the as-synthesized carbon dot (CDs) revealed the inner-filter effect to be the major detection mechanism. The extinction coefficient and spectral overlap were found to be the critical parameters for high sensitivity and good selectivity rather than the functional groups of the CDs and analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, South Korea
| | - Jayasmita Jana
- School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, South Korea
| | - Jin Suk Chung
- School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Hur
- School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, South Korea.
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37
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Feng T, Tao S, Yue D, Zeng Q, Chen W, Yang B. Recent Advances in Energy Conversion Applications of Carbon Dots: From Optoelectronic Devices to Electrocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001295. [PMID: 32529773 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Exploitation and utilization of sustainable energy sources has increasingly become the common theme of global social development, which has promoted tremendous development of energy conversion devices/technologies. Owing to excellent and unique optical/electrical properties, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted extensive research interest for numerous energy conversion applications. Strong absorption, downconversion photoluminescence, electron acceptor/donor characteristics, and excellent electron conductivity endow CDs with enormous potential for applications in optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, excellent electron transfers/transport capacities and easily manipulable structural defects of CDs offer distinct advantages for electrocatalytic applications. Recent advances in CD-based energy conversion applications, including optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting diodes and solar cells, and electrocatalytic reactions including the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction, are summarized. Finally, current challenges and future prospects for CD-based energy conversion applications are proposed, highlighting the importance of controllable structural design and modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanglue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Songyuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Da Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Qingsen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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38
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Moniruzzaman M, Anantha Lakshmi B, Kim S, Kim J. Preparation of shape-specific (trilateral and quadrilateral) carbon quantum dots towards multiple color emission. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11947-11959. [PMID: 32458861 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02225j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Little progress has been achieved relating to the preparation of shape-specific carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with a well-ordered edge structure and multi-color fluorescence from a single precursor by monitoring and controlling the reaction time. Selecting phloroglucinol (having suitable three-fold symmetry, C3h; symmetry elements: E, C3, C32, σh, S3, S3-1) as a precursor of CQDs is useful for monitoring the shape and structure of CQDs during dehydration mediated controlled growth, which assists to better focus on their formation and PL emission mechanism. We report the rapid synthesis of novel shape-specific (trilateral and quadrilateral) CQDs with multi-color fluorescence emission [blue (B-CQDs), green (G-CQDs), and yellow (Y-CQDs)] by controlling the reaction time. The mechanism of controlled bottom-up growth involves six-membered ring cyclization of the single precursor (phloroglucinol) through the elimination of neighboring active -OH and -H groups in a sulfuric acid medium. Interestingly, wide-range multi-color fluorescence emission of non-nitrogenous CQDs is achieved based on solvatochromism. We consider that the evolution of the tunable photoluminescence (PL) emission can be attributed to both the size of the conjugated domain and oxygen-/sulfur-containing edge electronic states. Furthermore, the multi-color fluorescence CQDs are successfully used as propitious fluorescent probes for multi-color cell (HeLa) and zebra fish larvae imaging owing to an effective intracellular distribution and good biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 1342, Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Buddolla Anantha Lakshmi
- Department of Bio-nanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyo Kim
- Department of Bio-nanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 1342, Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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Lan X, Ren H, Yang X, Wang J, Gao P, Zhang Y. A facile microwave-assisted synthesis of highly crystalline red carbon dots by adjusting the reaction solvent for white light-emitting diodes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:215704. [PMID: 32000153 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab71b6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microwave approach has been widely used for the synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) due to its advantages of short reaction time and homogeneous heating. Currently, it is still difficult to synthesize red light-emitting CDs (R-CDs) via the microwave-assisted method at atmospheric pressure. Herein, we report a solvent-controlled synthesis of R-CDs using domestic microwave. As a result, for an ammonium citrate tribasic, formamide and glycerol blend reaction solvent, the R-CDs with emission peak of 622 nm were achieved and exhibited a photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of 37.4% and excitation-independent PL emission spectrum. During the formation process of R-CDs, glycerol and formamide not only promote the carbonization of ammonium citrate tribasic, but can also enhance the crystalline nature of CDs. Finally, the warm white light-emitting diode (WLED) with a high colour rendering index (CRI) of 90.9 and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.344, 0.333) was realized by combining conventional yellow YAG:Ce phosphor and R-CDs/mesoporous silica (MPS) composites with a blue chip. This result demonstrates a low-cost R-CD synthetic method for potential substitution for red phosphor materials in solid-state lighting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyan Lan
- Institute of Semiconductor Science and Technology, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Low Carbon and Advanced Energy Materials, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
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Kumari R, Sahu SK. Effect of Solvent-Derived Highly Luminescent Multicolor Carbon Dots for White-Light-Emitting Diodes and Water Detection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5287-5295. [PMID: 32351115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the multicolor fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have drawn much attention due to their various applications. Herein, we report multicolor emissive CDs by solvent-controlled and solvent-responded approaches. The blue to red color emissive CDs are obtained by the solvothermal method by varying the solvent during the reaction. The red color emissive CDs (R-CDs) with good quantum yield is obtained in a water medium. The detailed characterization revealed that the solvent controls the particle size, band gap, and nitrogen doping concentration. Specifically, in the protic solvent, the high N content and presence of imine nitrogen are the reason for red emission. However, in an aprotic solvent, the least N doping and a lack of C-O groups are responsible for a blueshift. Interestingly, it was observed that the R-CDs provide a full range of visible color by dispersing in different immiscible solvents. The fluorescence emission in immiscible solvents is redshifted by enhancing the polarity. Moreover, the developed CDs detected the low water concentrations (≤0.2%, v/v) visually and fluorometrically in various organic solvents. Simultaneously, we have employed synthesized CDs in white-light-emitting diodes and fluorescent ink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
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41
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Pramanik A, Biswas S, Tiwary CS, Kumbhakar P, Sarkar R, Kumbhakar P. Forster resonance energy transfer assisted white light generation and luminescence tuning in a colloidal graphene quantum dot-dye system. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 565:326-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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42
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Qin Z, Wang W, Wen M, Zhang R, Zhang Q, Li K, Li J, Yang W, Zhou Y. Multicolor emissive sulfur, nitrogen co-doped carbon dots and their application in ion detection and solid lighting. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 229:117859. [PMID: 31784225 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multicolor emissive carbon dots (CDs) have potential applications in many fields such as photoelectric display, light-emitting devices, and bioimaging. Such CDs by heteroatom doping of nitrogen elements assisted with various solvents has achieved recently, yet generally low efficiency in red-light region. Herein, we developed a facile route to synthesize multicolor-emissive CDs governed by a solvothermal method of tetrahydrofuran solvent. The maximum emission locates at 432, 510, and 584 nm with the absolute FL QYs up to 21.1%, 11.0%, and 55.4% for selected B-CDs, G-CDs, and YG-CDs, respectively. By means of the analysis on their PL spectra, fluorescence lifetimes, and microstructures, the different graphitic degrees and surface states formed under the participation of S and N elements in as-prepared CDs determine the fluorescent color, and large sp2-conjugated domains within the YR-CDs is closely related to high QY. They, likewise, endow the YR-CDs with high sensitivity for ion detections of Ag+ and Fe3+, which was further illustrated to have different quenching mechanisms each other due to the affinity interaction with different surface groups of the CDs. High PL QYs of these CDs emission are beneficial to application in solid lighting, phosphors dried by these CDs solutions were mixed with PVP water solution to fabricate CDs/PVP films. The films exhibited stable fluorescence, and three phosphors were also mixed together in proportion to obtain white-light film with a CIE coordinates of (0.34, 0.34), which demonstrates that these CDs are potentially fluorescent nanomaterial in the solid-state lighting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Qin
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenhai Wang
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wen
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmei Zhang
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
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Wang Z, Hasnain A, Sun X, Han Y, Liu D, Tan X, Ren X, Feng Y. One‐pot synthesis of carbon dots@ZrO
2
nanoparticles with tunable solid‐state fluorescence. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin China
| | - Ali Hasnain
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Xujun Sun
- Tecoré Synchem Electronic Materials Co., Ltd Tianjin China
- Tecoré Synchem Photoelectric Materials Co., Ltd Tianjin China
| | - Ying Han
- Tecoré Synchem Photoelectric Materials Co., Ltd Tianjin China
| | - Dongshun Liu
- Tecoré Synchem Photoelectric Materials Co., Ltd Tianjin China
| | - Xiaohua Tan
- Tecoré Synchem Electronic Materials Co., Ltd Tianjin China
- Tecoré Synchem Photoelectric Materials Co., Ltd Tianjin China
| | - Xiang‐Kui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin China
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin China
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Han XL, Li Q, Hao H, Liu C, Li R, Yu F, Lei J, Jiang Q, Liu Y, Hu J. Facile one-step synthesis of quaternary AgInZnS quantum dots and their applications for causing bioeffects and detecting Cu 2. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9172-9181. [PMID: 35497204 PMCID: PMC9050053 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09840b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-soluble AgInZnS quantum dots (AIZS QDs) were synthesized with glutathione (GSH) as a stabilizer by a facile one-step method based on a hydrothermal reaction between the nitrate salts of the corresponding metals and sodium sulfide as a sulfide precursor at 110 °C. The optimal reaction conditions (temperature, time, pH, and the molar ratios of the precursors) were studied. According to the data from TEM, XPS, and XRD, AIZS QDs were characterized with excellent optical properties. The results showed that the aqueous-dispersible AIZS QDs were quasi-spherical and their average diameter was 3.51 nm. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of AIZS QDs was investigated by microcalorimetry and microscopy techniques (confocal microscopy and TEM). The data revealed that AIZS QDs exhibited low toxicity, biocompatibility, and good water stability, due to which they could be used as a fluorescent probe for bioimaging and labeling. In addition, AIZS QDs could be used as a sensor to detect Cu2+ because the fluorescence of AIZS QDs was quenched by Cu2+. Water-soluble AgInZnS quantum dots were synthesized with glutathione as a stabilizer by a facile one-step method based on a hydrothermal reaction at 110 °C. It exhibited excellent optical properties, which can be used as sensor to detect Cu2+.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Le Han
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Qingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Hao Hao
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Chenyin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Run Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Fan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Jiawen Lei
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Qingqing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Juncheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
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45
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Wen M, Qin Z, Wang W, Cui J, Zhang R, Zhang Q, Li K, Li J, Yang W, Zhou Y. A solvent-governed surface state strategy for rational synthesis of N and S co-doped carbon dots with multicolour fluorescence. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1710609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wen
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenxing Qin
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhai Wang
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junchao Cui
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingmei Zhang
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
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Hu Z, Dai H, Wei X, Su D, Wei C, Chen Y, Xie F, Zhang W, Guo R, Qu S. 49.25% efficient cyan emissive sulfur dots via a microwave-assisted route. RSC Adv 2020; 10:17266-17269. [PMID: 35521470 PMCID: PMC9053471 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02778b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyan emissive sulfur dots with a record high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of 49.25% have been successfully prepared via a microwave-assisted top-down route. The PL enhancement induced by electrostatic repulsion of sulfite groups and steric hindrance of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) were investigated for the first time. The cyan emissive sulfur dots with a record high PL QY of 49.25% were successfully synthesized via a microwave-assisted route.![]()
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47
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Zan M, Li C, Liao F, Rao L, Meng QF, Xie W, Chen B, Qie X, Li L, Wang L, Dong WF, Liu W. One-step synthesis of green emission carbon dots for selective and sensitive detection of nitrite ions and cellular imaging application. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10067-10075. [PMID: 35498619 PMCID: PMC9050205 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra11009g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schematic route of the carbon dots and their applications for the nitrite detection.
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48
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Wang B, Yu J, Sui L, Zhu S, Tang Z, Yang B, Lu S. Rational Design of Multi-Color-Emissive Carbon Dots in a Single Reaction System by Hydrothermal. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 8:2001453. [PMID: 33437569 PMCID: PMC7788586 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging building unit, carbon dots (CDs) have been igniting the revolutionaries in the fields of optoelectronics, biomedicine, and bioimaging. However, the difficulty of synthesizing CDs in aqueous solution with full-spectrum emission severely hinders further investigation of their emission mechanism and their extensive applications in white light emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, the full-color-emission CDs with a unique structure consisting of sp 3-hybridized carbon cores with small domains of partially sp 2-hybridized carbon atoms are reported. First-principle calculations are initially used to predict that the transformation from sp 3 to sp 2 hybridization redshifts the emission of CDs. Guided by the theoretical predictions, a simple, convenient, and controllable route to hydrothermally prepare CDs in a single reaction system is developed. The prepared CDs have full-spectrum emission with an unprecedented two-photon emission across the whole visible color range. These full-color-emission CDs can be further nurtured by slight modifications of the reaction conditions (e.g., temperature, pH) to generate the emission color from blue to red. Finally a flexible LEDs with full-color emission by using epoxy CDs films is developed, indicating that the strategy affords an industry translational potential over traditional fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Wang
- Green Catalysis Center and College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450000China
| | - Jingkun Yu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450000China
| | - Laizhi Sui
- State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction DynamicsDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- Henan Institute of Advanced TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450000China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450000China
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Li T, E S, Wang J, Chen X. Regulating the properties of carbon dots via a solvent-involved molecule fusion strategy for improved sensing selectivity. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1088:107-115. [PMID: 31623705 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) were prepared by a solvent-involved molecular fusion strategy using o-phenylenediamine (OPD) as the carbon source and formamide as the reaction solvent. The CDs possessed not only the functional groups inherited from the carbon source and the reaction solvent, but also numerous C=N groups in the structure, resulting from the Schiff base reaction between -NH2 of OPD and C=O of formamide. These functional groups endowed the final CDs with a favorable soft-base property, leading to the high tolerance level toward hard-acid type metal ions and prominent detection selectivity toward Ag+. Moreover, the obtained CDs displayed outstanding biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, and demonstrated potential as an effective photoluminescence probe for intercellular Ag+ and Cys imaging, preventing the interference of autofluorescence from living tissues. This study focused on the solvent-involved molecular fusion strategy could provide new insights into the design of novel carbon-based nanostructures and optimization of the structure-property relationship of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Li
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Shuang E
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xuwei Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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50
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Yang P, Zhu Z, Zhang T, Zhang W, Chen W, Cao Y, Chen M, Zhou X. Orange-Emissive Carbon Quantum Dots: Toward Application in Wound pH Monitoring Based on Colorimetric and Fluorescent Changing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902823. [PMID: 31518068 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of wound pH is critical for interpreting wound status, because early identification of wound infection or nonhealing wounds is conducive to administion of therapies at the right time. Here, novel orange-emissive carbon quantum dots (O-CDs) are synthesized via microwave-assisted heating of 1,2,4-triaminobenzene and urea aqueous solution. The as-prepared O-CDs exhibit distinctive colorimetric response to pH changing, and also display pH-sensitive fluorescence. Benefiting from the response of O-CDs over a wound-relevant pH range (5-9), medical cotton cloth is selected to immobilize O-CDs through hydrogen bond interactions, the resultant O-CDs-coated cloth with emission at 560 nm shows a high response to pH variation in the range of 5-9 via both fluorescence and visible colorimetric changes. Moreover, the sensitivity of fluorescence to pH is capable of establishing an analytical mode for determining pH value. Further, the O-CDs-based pH indicator possesses not only superior biocompatibility and drug compatibility but also excellent resistance leachability and high reversibility. Importantly, the usage of O-CDs-coated cloth to detect pH is free from the interference of blood contamination and long-term storage, thus providing a valuable strategy for wound pH monitoring through visual response and quantitative determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fast-Growing Tree and Agro-Fibre Materials Engineering Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fast-Growing Tree and Agro-Fibre Materials Engineering Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fast-Growing Tree and Agro-Fibre Materials Engineering Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fast-Growing Tree and Agro-Fibre Materials Engineering Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fast-Growing Tree and Agro-Fibre Materials Engineering Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yizhong Cao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fast-Growing Tree and Agro-Fibre Materials Engineering Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Minzhi Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fast-Growing Tree and Agro-Fibre Materials Engineering Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fast-Growing Tree and Agro-Fibre Materials Engineering Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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