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Kaur M, Fusco S, Van den Broek B, Aseervatham J, Rostami A, Iacovitti L, Grassi C, Lukomska B, Srivastava AK. Most recent advances and applications of extracellular vesicles in tackling neurological challenges. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1923-1966. [PMID: 38500405 DOI: 10.1002/med.22035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been a notable increase in the global burden of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Despite advances in technology and therapeutic options, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders persist as significant challenges in treatment and cure. Recently, there has been a remarkable surge of interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication. As carriers of molecular cargo, EVs demonstrate the ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier, enabling bidirectional communication. As a result, they have garnered attention as potential biomarkers and therapeutic agents, whether in their natural form or after being engineered for use in the CNS. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to EVs, encompassing various aspects such as their diverse isolation methods, characterization, handling, storage, and different routes for EV administration. Additionally, it underscores the recent advances in their potential applications in neurodegenerative disorder therapeutics. By exploring their unique capabilities, this study sheds light on the promising future of EVs in clinical research. It considers the inherent challenges and limitations of these emerging applications while incorporating the most recent updates in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bram Van den Broek
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaya Aseervatham
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lorraine Iacovitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Jefferson Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amit K Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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de Chateauneuf-Randon S, Bresson B, Ripoll M, Huille S, Barthel E, Monteux C. The mechanical properties of lipid nanoparticles depend on the type of biomacromolecule they are loaded with. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10706-10714. [PMID: 38700424 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06543j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
For drug delivery systems, the mechanical properties of drug carriers are suspected to play a crucial role in the delivery process. However, there is a lack of reliable methods available to measure the mechanical properties of drug carriers, which hampers the establishment of a link between delivery efficiency and the mechanical properties of carriers. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are advanced systems for delivering nucleic acids to target cell populations for vaccination purposes (mRNA) or the development of new drugs. Hence, it is crucial to develop reliable techniques to measure the mechanical properties of LNPs. In this article, we used AFM to image and probe the mechanical properties of LNPs which are loaded with two different biopolymers either pDNA or mRNA. Imaging the LNPs before and after indentation, as well as recording the retraction curve, enables us to obtain more insight into how the AFM tip penetrates into the particle and to determine whether the deformation of the LNPs is reversible. For pDNA, the indentation by the tip leads to irreversible rupture of the LNPs, while the deformation is reversible for the mRNA-loaded LNPs. Moreover, the forces reached for pDNA are higher than for mRNA. These results pave the way toward the establishment of the link between the LNP formulation and the delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixtine de Chateauneuf-Randon
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615, PSL University, Sorbonne University, ESPCI Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, Cedex 05 75231 Paris, France.
| | - Bruno Bresson
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615, PSL University, Sorbonne University, ESPCI Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, Cedex 05 75231 Paris, France.
| | - Manon Ripoll
- Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 av Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Sylvain Huille
- Sanofi R & D, Impasse Des Ateliers, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine, France.
| | - Etienne Barthel
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615, PSL University, Sorbonne University, ESPCI Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, Cedex 05 75231 Paris, France.
| | - Cécile Monteux
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615, PSL University, Sorbonne University, ESPCI Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, Cedex 05 75231 Paris, France.
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3
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Maeki M, Kimura N, Okada Y, Shimizu K, Shibata K, Miyazaki Y, Ishida A, Yonezawa K, Shimizu N, Shinoda W, Tokeshi M. Understanding the effects of ethanol on the liposome bilayer structure using microfluidic-based time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:2166-2176. [PMID: 38633055 PMCID: PMC11019499 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01073b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are essential carrier particles in drug delivery systems, particularly in ribonucleic acid delivery. In preparing lipid-based nanoparticles, microfluidic-based ethanol injection may produce precisely size-controlled nanoparticles. Ethanol is critical in LNP formation and post-treatment processes and affects liposome size, structure, lamellarity, and drug-loading efficiency. However, the effects of time-dependent changes in the ethanol concentration on the structural dynamics of liposomes are not clearly understood. Herein, we investigated ethanol-induced lipid bilayer changes in liposomes on a time scale from microseconds to tens of seconds using a microfluidic-based small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurement system coupled with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The time-resolved SAXS measurement system revealed that single unilamellar liposomes were converted to multilamellar liposomes within 0.8 s of contact with ethanol, and the d-spacing was decreased from 6.1 (w/o ethanol) to 4.4 nm (80% ethanol) with increasing ethanol concentration. We conducted 1 μs MD simulations to understand the molecular-level structural changes in the liposomes. The MD simulations revealed that the changes in the lamellar structure caused by ethanol at the molecular level could explain the structural changes in the liposomes observed via time-resolved SAXS. Therefore, the post-treatment process to remove residual ethanol is critical in liposome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Maeki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6773 +81-11-706-6744
- JST PRESTO 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - Niko Kimura
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Yuto Okada
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Kazuki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Kana Shibata
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Nagoya University Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyazaki
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishida
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6773 +81-11-706-6744
| | - Kento Yonezawa
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Manabu Tokeshi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6773 +81-11-706-6744
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4
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Abruzzo A, Pucci R, Abruzzo PM, Canaider S, Parolin C, Vitali B, Valle F, Brucale M, Cerchiara T, Luppi B, Bigucci F. Azithromycin-loaded liposomes and niosomes for the treatment of skin infections: Influence of excipients and preparative methods on the functional properties. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114233. [PMID: 38387849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop azithromycin (AZT)-loaded liposomes (LP) and niosomes (NS) useful for the treatment of bacterial skin infections and acne. LP based on phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk (EPC) or from soybean lecithin (SPC), and NS composed of sorbitan monopalmitate (Span 40) or sorbitan monostearate (Span 60) were prepared through the thin film hydration (TFH) and the ethanol injection (EI) methods. The formulations were subsequently characterized for their physico-chemical and functional properties. Vesicles prepared through TFH showed higher average sizes than the corresponding formulations obtained by EI. All the vesicles presented adequate encapsulation efficiency and a negative ζ potential, which assured good stability during the storage period (except for LP-SPC). Formulations prepared with TFH showed a more prolonged AZT release than those prepared through EI, due to their lower surface area and multilamellar structure, as confirmed by atomic force microscopy nanomechanical characterization. Finally, among all the formulations, NS-Span 40-TFH and LP-EPC-TFH allowed the highest drug accumulation in the skin, retained the antimicrobial activity and did not alter fibroblast metabolism and viability. Overall, they could ensure to minimize the dosing and the administration frequency, thus representing promising candidates for the treatment of bacterial skin infections and acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abruzzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via San Donato 19/2, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - R Pucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via San Donato 19/2, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - P M Abruzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - S Canaider
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - C Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via San Donato 19/2, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - B Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via San Donato 19/2, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - F Valle
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - M Brucale
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - T Cerchiara
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via San Donato 19/2, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - B Luppi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via San Donato 19/2, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - F Bigucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via San Donato 19/2, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Iavarone I, Molitierno R, Fumiento P, Vastarella MG, Napolitano S, Vietri MT, De Franciscis P, Ronsini C. MicroRNA Expression in Endometrial Cancer: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:486. [PMID: 38541212 PMCID: PMC10972089 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: An extracellular vesicle is part of a class of submicron particles derived from cells, mediating cellular crosstalk through microRNA (miRNA). MiRNA is a group of RNA molecules, each of which consists of 15-22 nucleotides and post-transcriptionally modulates gene expression. The complementary mRNAs-onto which the miRNAs hybridize-are involved in processes such as implantation, tumor suppression, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis that define the entire tumor microenvironment. The endometrial biopsy is a standard technique used to recognize cellular atypia, but other non-invasive markers may reduce patient discomfort during the use of invasive methods. The present study aims to examine the distribution and the regulation of the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and EV-derived substances in women with endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect databases in April 2023, adopted the string "Endometrial Neoplasms AND Exosomes", and followed the recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. We selected all the studies that included patients with endometrial cancer and that described the regulation of miRNA molecules in that context. The differences in molecule expression between patients and controls were evaluated as significant when the proteins had a fold change of ±1.5. Results: Seventeen records fulfilled the inclusion criteria: a total of 371 patients and 273 controls were analyzed. The upregulated molecules that had the widest delta between endometrial cancer patients and controls-relative expression ≥ 1 > 3 log2(ratio)-were miR-20b-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-15a-5p, and miR-320a. In particular, miR-20b-5p and miR-204-5p were extracted from both serum and endometrial specimens, whereas miR-15a-5p was only isolated from plasma, and miR-320a was only extracted from the endometrial specimens. In parallel, the most downregulated miRNA in the endometrial cancer patients compared to the healthy subjects was miR-320a, which was found in the endometrial specimens. Conclusions: Although their epigenetic regulation remains unknown, these upregulated molecules derived from EVs are feasible markers for the early detection of endometrial cancer. The modulation of these miRNA molecules should be assessed during different treatments or if recurrence develops in response to a targeted treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Iavarone
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Rossella Molitierno
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Pietro Fumiento
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Vastarella
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Stefania Napolitano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Vietri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pasquale De Franciscis
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Carlo Ronsini
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
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Cantero M, Cvirkaite-Krupovic V, Krupovic M, de Pablo PJ. Mechanical tomography of an archaeal lemon-shaped virus reveals membrane-like fluidity of the capsid and liquid nucleoprotein cargo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307717120. [PMID: 37824526 PMCID: PMC10589707 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307717120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Archaeal lemon-shaped viruses have unique helical capsids composed of highly hydrophobic protein strands which can slide past each other resulting in remarkable morphological reorganization. Here, using atomic force microscopy, we explore the biomechanical properties of the lemon-shaped virions of Sulfolobus monocaudavirus 1 (SMV1), a double-stranded DNA virus which infects hyperthermophilic (~80 °C) and acidophilic (pH ~ 2) archaea. Our results reveal that SMV1 virions are extremely soft and withstand repeated extensive deformations, reaching remarkable strains of 80% during multiple cycles of consecutive mechanical assaults, yet showing scarce traces of disruption. SMV1 virions can reversibly collapse wall-to-wall, reducing their volume by ~90%. Beyond revealing the exceptional malleability of the SMV1 protein shell, our data also suggest a fluid-like nucleoprotein cargo which can flow inside the capsid, resisting and accommodating mechanical deformations without further alteration. Our experiments suggest a packing fraction of the virus core to be as low as 11%, with the amount of the accessory proteins almost four times exceeding that of the viral genome. Our findings indicate that SMV1 protein capsid displays biomechanical properties of lipid membranes, which is not found among protein capsids of other viruses. The remarkable malleability and fluidity of the SMV1 virions are likely necessary for the structural transformations during the infection and adaptation to extreme environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cantero
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada C03, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid28049, Spain
| | | | - Mart Krupovic
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris75015, France
| | - Pedro J. de Pablo
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada C03, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid28049, Spain
- Instituto de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid28049, Spain
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7
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Fernandez‐Becerra C, Xander P, Alfandari D, Dong G, Aparici‐Herraiz I, Rosenhek‐Goldian I, Shokouhy M, Gualdron‐Lopez M, Lozano N, Cortes‐Serra N, Karam PA, Meneghetti P, Madeira RP, Porat Z, Soares RP, Costa AO, Rafati S, da Silva A, Santarém N, Fernandez‐Prada C, Ramirez MI, Bernal D, Marcilla A, Pereira‐Chioccola VL, Alves LR, Portillo HD, Regev‐Rudzki N, de Almeida IC, Schenkman S, Olivier M, Torrecilhas AC. Guidelines for the purification and characterization of extracellular vesicles of parasites. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e117. [PMID: 38939734 PMCID: PMC11080789 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Parasites are responsible for the most neglected tropical diseases, affecting over a billion people worldwide (WHO, 2015) and accounting for billions of cases a year and responsible for several millions of deaths. Research on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has increased in recent years and demonstrated that EVs shed by pathogenic parasites interact with host cells playing an important role in the parasite's survival, such as facilitation of infection, immunomodulation, parasite adaptation to the host environment and the transfer of drug resistance factors. Thus, EVs released by parasites mediate parasite-parasite and parasite-host intercellular communication. In addition, they are being explored as biomarkers of asymptomatic infections and disease prognosis after drug treatment. However, most current protocols used for the isolation, size determination, quantification and characterization of molecular cargo of EVs lack greater rigor, standardization, and adequate quality controls to certify the enrichment or purity of the ensuing bioproducts. We are now initiating major guidelines based on the evolution of collective knowledge in recent years. The main points covered in this position paper are methods for the isolation and molecular characterization of EVs obtained from parasite-infected cell cultures, experimental animals, and patients. The guideline also includes a discussion of suggested protocols and functional assays in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Fernandez‐Becerra
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global HealthHospital Clínic‐Universitatde BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- IGTP Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i PujolBadalona (Barcelona)Spain
- CIBERINFECISCIII‐CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Patrícia Xander
- Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasLaboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e ProtozoáriosDepartamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasInstituto de Ciências AmbientaisQuímicas e FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Daniel Alfandari
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of Science (WIS)RehovotIsrael
| | - George Dong
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Iris Aparici‐Herraiz
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global HealthHospital Clínic‐Universitatde BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Mehrdad Shokouhy
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Melisa Gualdron‐Lopez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global HealthHospital Clínic‐Universitatde BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nicholy Lozano
- Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasLaboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e ProtozoáriosDepartamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasInstituto de Ciências AmbientaisQuímicas e FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Nuria Cortes‐Serra
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global HealthHospital Clínic‐Universitatde BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Paula Abou Karam
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of Science (WIS)RehovotIsrael
| | - Paula Meneghetti
- Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasLaboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e ProtozoáriosDepartamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasInstituto de Ciências AmbientaisQuímicas e FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Rafael Pedro Madeira
- Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasLaboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e ProtozoáriosDepartamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasInstituto de Ciências AmbientaisQuímicas e FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry UnitLife Sciences Core Facilities, WISRehovotIsrael
| | | | - Adriana Oliveira Costa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e ToxicológicasFaculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)Belo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrasil
| | - Sima Rafati
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Anabela‐Cordeiro da Silva
- Host‐Parasite Interactions GroupInstitute of Research and Innovation in HealthUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Nuno Santarém
- Host‐Parasite Interactions GroupInstitute of Research and Innovation in HealthUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | | | - Marcel I. Ramirez
- EVAHPI ‐ Extracellular Vesicles and Host‐Parasite Interactions Research Group Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistemática de TripanossomatideosInstituto Carlos Chagas‐FiocruzCuritibaParanáBrasil
| | - Dolores Bernal
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Ciències BiològiquesUniversitat de ValènciaBurjassotValenciaSpain
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i ParasitologiaUniversitat de ValènciaBurjassotValenciaSpain
| | - Vera Lucia Pereira‐Chioccola
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Fungos, Centro de Parasitologia e MicologiaInstituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL)São PauloBrasil
| | - Lysangela Ronalte Alves
- Laboratório de Regulação da Expressão GênicaInstituto Carlos ChagasFiocruz ParanáCuritibaBrazil
- Research Center in Infectious DiseasesDivision of Infectious Disease and Immunity CHU de Quebec Research CenterDepartment of MicrobiologyInfectious Disease and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity LavalQuebec CityQuebecCanada
| | - Hernando Del Portillo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global HealthHospital Clínic‐Universitatde BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- IGTP Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i PujolBadalona (Barcelona)Spain
- ICREA Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avanc¸ats (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Neta Regev‐Rudzki
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of Science (WIS)RehovotIsrael
| | - Igor Correia de Almeida
- Department of Biological SciencesBorder Biomedical Research CenterThe University of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Sergio Schenkman
- Departamento de MicrobiologiaImunologia e Parasitologia, UNIFESPSão PauloBrazil
| | - Martin Olivier
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasLaboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e ProtozoáriosDepartamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasInstituto de Ciências AmbientaisQuímicas e FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)São PauloBrazil
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8
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Chen C, Chen C, Li Y, Gu R, Yan X. Characterization of lipid-based nanomedicines at the single-particle level. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:488-504. [PMID: 38933557 PMCID: PMC11197724 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based nanomedicines (LBNMs), including liposomes, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs), are recognized as one of the most clinically acceptable nano-formulations. However, the bench-to-bedside translation efficiency is far from satisfactory, mainly due to the lack of in-depth understanding of their physical and biochemical attributes at the single-particle level. In this review, we first give a brief introduction of LBNMs, highlighting some milestones and related scientific and clinical achievements in the past several decades, as well as the grand challenges in the characterization of LBNMs. Next, we present an overview of each category of LBNMs as well as the core properties that largely dictate their biological characteristics and clinical performance, such as size distribution, particle concentration, morphology, drug encapsulation and surface properties. Then, the recent applications of several analytical techniques including electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, Raman microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, tunable resistive pulse sensing and flow cytometry on the single-particle characterization of LBNMs are thoroughly discussed. Particularly, the comparative advantages of the newly developed nano-flow cytometry that enables quantitative analysis of both the physical and biochemical characteristics of LBNMs smaller than 40 nm with high throughput and statistical robustness are emphasized. The overall aim of this review article is to illustrate the importance, challenges and achievements associated with single-particle characterization of LBNMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxiang Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yurou Li
- Department of Chemical Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Ruilan Gu
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Department of Chemical Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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9
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Ronsini C, Fumiento P, Iavarone I, Greco PF, Cobellis L, De Franciscis P. Liquid Biopsy in Endometriosis: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076116. [PMID: 37047088 PMCID: PMC10094565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite laparoscopy being a standardized option to diagnose pelvic endometriotic implants, non-invasive biomarkers are necessary to avoid the discomfort of invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as feasible biomarkers for the early diagnosis of endometriosis. Following the recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, we systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct in January 2023. We provided no restriction on the country and year of publication, and considered English published articles. We selected studies including patients with endometriosis and describing miRNA regulation in the context of endometriosis. Overall, 45 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 2045 patients with endometriosis and 1587 controls were screened. Patients were analyzed concerning miRNAs expression and sources, stage of disease, and symptoms, and compared to controls. Among DEMs, the ones with the widest delta between endometriosis patients and controls-Relative Expression ≥ 4 Log2(ratio)-were miR-145, miR-191, miR-195, miR-21-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-451a, miR-200c, miR-20a-5p, and miR-15a-5p. Although the epigenetic regulation is partially unclear, miRNAs are valid biomarkers to diagnose endometriotic lesions in symptomatic and non-symptomatic women. MiRNAs modulation should be clarified, especially during therapies or relapse, to plan targeted management protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Ronsini
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Fumiento
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Iavarone
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pier Francesco Greco
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, A. Gemelli, IRCCS, University Hospital Foundation, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Cobellis
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Franciscis
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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10
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Bernasqué A, Cario M, Krisa S, Lecomte S, Faure C. Transport of hydrocortisone in targeted layers of the skin by multi-lamellar liposomes. J Liposome Res 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36779686 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2023.2177309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocortisone (HyC), a hydrophobic pharmaceutical active, was encapsulated in multi-lamellar liposomes (MLLs) composed of P100, a mixture of phospholipids, and Tween®80. Three different HyC-loaded formulations were designed to target the stratum corneum, the living epidermis and the hypodermis. The impact of encapsulation on their size, elasticity and zeta potential, the three key factors controlling MLLs skin penetration, was studied. Raman mapping of phospholipids and HyC allowed the localisation of both components inside an artificial skin, Strat-M®, demonstrating the efficiency of the targeting. Percutaneous permeation profiles through excised human skin were performed over 48 h, supporting results on artificial skin. Their modelling revealed that HyC encapsulated in MLLs, designed to target the stratum corneum and living epidermis, exhibited a non-Fickian diffusion process. In contrast, a Fickian diffusion was found for HyC administered in solution, in a pharmaceutical cream and in transdermal MLLs. These results allowed us to propose a mechanism of interaction between HyC-containing MLLs and the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Bernasqué
- CBMN, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France.,U1312-BRIC, Inserm, Université de Bordeaux, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases, Bordeaux, France
| | - Muriel Cario
- U1312-BRIC, Inserm, Université de Bordeaux, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Krisa
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, UR oenologie, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- CBMN, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Chrystel Faure
- CBMN, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
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11
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Piontek MC, Roos WH. Lipoprotein particles exhibit distinct mechanical properties. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e68. [PMID: 38938600 PMCID: PMC11080718 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Lipoproteins (LPs) are micelle-like structures with a similar size to extracellular vesicles (EVs) and are therefore often co-isolated, as intensively discussed within the EV community. LPs from human blood plasma are of particular interest as they are responsible for the deposition of cholesterol ester and other fats in the artery, causing lesions, and eventually atherosclerosis. Plasma lipoproteins can be divided according to their size, density and composition into chylomicrons (CM), very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Here, we use atomic force microscopy for mechanical characterization of LPs. We show that the nanoindentation approach used for EV analysis can also be used to characterize LPs, revealing specific differences between some of the particles. Comparing LPs with each other, LDL exhibit a higher bending modulus as compared to CM and VLDL, which is likely related to differences in cholesterol and apolipoproteins. Furthermore, CM typically collapse on the surface after indentation and HDL exhibit a very low height after surface adhesion both being indications for the presence of LPs in an EV sample. Our analysis provides new systematic insights into the mechanical characteristics of LPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C. Piontek
- Moleculaire BiofysicaZernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wouter H. Roos
- Moleculaire BiofysicaZernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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12
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Mecocci S, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Cappelli K. Extracellular Vesicles from Animal Milk: Great Potentialities and Critical Issues. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233231. [PMID: 36496752 PMCID: PMC9740508 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Other than representing the main source of nutrition for newborn mammals, milk delivers a sophisticated signaling system from mother to child that promotes postnatal health. The bioactive components transferred through the milk intake are important for the development of the newborn immune system and include oligosaccharides, lactoferrin, lysozyme, α-La, and immunoglobulins. In the last 15 years, a pivotal role in this mother-to-child exchange has been attributed to extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are micro- and nanosized structures enclosed in a phospholipidic double-layer membrane that are produced by all cell types and released in the extracellular environment, reaching both close and distant cells. EVs mediate the intercellular cross-talk from the producing to the receiving cell through the transfer of molecules contained within them such as proteins, antigens, lipids, metabolites, RNAs, and DNA fragments. The complex cargo can induce a wide range of functional modulations in the recipient cell (i.e., anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, angiogenetic, and pro-regenerative modulations) depending on the type of producing cells and the stimuli that these cells receive. EVs can be recovered from every biological fluid, including blood, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, saliva, bile, and milk, which is one of the most promising scalable vesicle sources. This review aimed to present the state-of-the-art of animal-milk-derived EV (mEV) studies due to the exponential growth of this field. A focus on the beneficial potentialities for human health and the issues of studying vesicles from milk, particularly for the analytical methodologies applied, is reported.
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13
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Hirschi S, Ward TR, Meier WP, Müller DJ, Fotiadis D. Synthetic Biology: Bottom-Up Assembly of Molecular Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16294-16328. [PMID: 36179355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bottom-up assembly of biological and chemical components opens exciting opportunities to engineer artificial vesicular systems for applications with previously unmet requirements. The modular combination of scaffolds and functional building blocks enables the engineering of complex systems with biomimetic or new-to-nature functionalities. Inspired by the compartmentalized organization of cells and organelles, lipid or polymer vesicles are widely used as model membrane systems to investigate the translocation of solutes and the transduction of signals by membrane proteins. The bottom-up assembly and functionalization of such artificial compartments enables full control over their composition and can thus provide specifically optimized environments for synthetic biological processes. This review aims to inspire future endeavors by providing a diverse toolbox of molecular modules, engineering methodologies, and different approaches to assemble artificial vesicular systems. Important technical and practical aspects are addressed and selected applications are presented, highlighting particular achievements and limitations of the bottom-up approach. Complementing the cutting-edge technological achievements, fundamental aspects are also discussed to cater to the inherently diverse background of the target audience, which results from the interdisciplinary nature of synthetic biology. The engineering of proteins as functional modules and the use of lipids and block copolymers as scaffold modules for the assembly of functionalized vesicular systems are explored in detail. Particular emphasis is placed on ensuring the controlled assembly of these components into increasingly complex vesicular systems. Finally, all descriptions are presented in the greater context of engineering valuable synthetic biological systems for applications in biocatalysis, biosensing, bioremediation, or targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hirschi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Molecular Systems Engineering, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR), 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Molecular Systems Engineering, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR), 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang P Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Molecular Systems Engineering, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR), 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Molecular Systems Engineering, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR), 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Fotiadis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Molecular Systems Engineering, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR), 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Jafari A, Daneshamouz S, Ghasemiyeh P, Mohammadi-Samani S. Ethosomes as dermal/transdermal drug delivery systems: applications, preparation and characterization. J Liposome Res 2022; 33:34-52. [PMID: 35695714 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2022.2085742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) have gained substantial attention during the last decade. TDDS are versatile delivery systems in which active components are delivered to skin for local effects or systemic delivery of active pharmaceutical through the skin. Overcoming stratum corneum is the most challenging step of delivering drugs through the skin. Lipid-based vesicular delivery systems due to the capability of the delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs are becoming more popular during the recent years. Ethosomes are innovative, biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic form of lipid-based vesicles that efficiently enable to entrap drugs of various physicochemical properties. These are other forms of liposome which contain high amounts of ethanol in their structure that enabling ethosomes to efficiently penetrate through deeper layers of skin. Ethosomes have various compositions based on their type but are mainly composed of phospholipids, ethanol, water and the active components. Ethosomes are easily manufactured and they are superior compared to liposomes in terms of different aspects due to the presence of ethanol. The purpose of this review is to thoroughly focus on various aspects of ethosomes, including mechanism of penetration, advantages and disadvantages, characterisation and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atoosa Jafari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Daneshamouz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Ghasemiyeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soliman Mohammadi-Samani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Imanbekova M, Suarasan S, Lu Y, Jurchuk S, Wachsmann-Hogiu S. Recent advances in optical label-free characterization of extracellular vesicles. NANOPHOTONICS 2022; 11:2827-2863. [PMID: 35880114 PMCID: PMC9128385 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2022-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are complex biological nanoparticles endogenously secreted by all eukaryotic cells. EVs carry a specific molecular cargo of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids derived from cells of origin and play a significant role in the physiology and pathology of cells, organs, and organisms. Upon release, they may be found in different body fluids that can be easily accessed via noninvasive methodologies. Due to the unique information encoded in their molecular cargo, they may reflect the state of the parent cell and therefore EVs are recognized as a rich source of biomarkers for early diagnostics involving liquid biopsy. However, body fluids contain a mixture of EVs released by different types of healthy and diseased cells, making the detection of the EVs of interest very challenging. Recent research efforts have been focused on the detection and characterization of diagnostically relevant subpopulations of EVs, with emphasis on label-free methods that simplify sample preparation and are free of interfering signals. Therefore, in this paper, we review the recent progress of the label-free optical methods employed for the detection, counting, and morphological and chemical characterization of EVs. We will first briefly discuss the biology and functions of EVs, and then introduce different optical label-free techniques for rapid, precise, and nondestructive characterization of EVs such as nanoparticle tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and SERS spectroscopy. In the end, we will discuss their applications in the detection of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer and provide an outlook on the future impact and challenges of these technologies to the field of liquid biopsy via EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meruyert Imanbekova
- Bioengineering, McGill University Faculty of Engineering, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sorina Suarasan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, T. Laurian 42, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Yao Lu
- Bioengineering, McGill University Faculty of Engineering, 3480 Rue Universite, 1006, Montreal, QC, H3C6W1, Canada
| | - Sarah Jurchuk
- Bioengineering, McGill University Faculty of Engineering, 3480 Rue Universite, Rm#350, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu
- Bioengineering, McGill University Faculty of Engineering, 3480 University St., MC362, Montreal, H3A 0E9l, Canada
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16
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Nanomechanical characterization of exosomes and concomitant nanoparticles from blood plasma by PeakForce AFM in liquid. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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van der Koog L, Gandek TB, Nagelkerke A. Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems: A Comparison of Composition, Pharmacokinetics, and Functionalization. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2100639. [PMID: 34165909 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, lipid-based nanoparticle drug delivery systems (DDS) have caught the attention of researchers worldwide, encouraging the field to rapidly develop improved ways for effective drug delivery. One of the most prominent examples is liposomes, which are spherical shaped artificial vesicles composed of lipid bilayers and able to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials. At the same time, biological nanoparticles naturally secreted by cells, called extracellular vesicles (EVs), have emerged as promising more complex biocompatible DDS. In this review paper, the differences and similarities in the composition of both vesicles are evaluated, and critical mediators that affect their pharmacokinetics are elucidate. Different strategies that have been assessed to tweak the pharmacokinetics of both liposomes and EVs are explored, detailing the effects on circulation time, targeting capacity, and cytoplasmic delivery of therapeutic cargo. Finally, whether a hybrid system, consisting of a combination of only the critical constituents of both vesicles, could offer the best of both worlds is discussed. Through these topics, novel leads for further research are provided and, more importantly, gain insight in what the liposome field and the EV field can learn from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke van der Koog
- Molecular Pharmacology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen P.O. Box 196, XB10 Groningen 9700 AD The Netherlands
| | - Timea B. Gandek
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen P.O. Box 196, XB20 Groningen 9700 AD The Netherlands
| | - Anika Nagelkerke
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen P.O. Box 196, XB20 Groningen 9700 AD The Netherlands
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18
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Paul N, Talluri TR, Nag P, Kumaresan A. Epididymosomes: A potential male fertility influencer. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14155. [PMID: 34213814 DOI: 10.1111/and.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During transit and storage in epididymis, spermatozoa undergo final maturation, acquire motility, functional competence and the ability to fertilise an oocyte. Epididymal secretions contain a complex biochemical milieu of diverse inorganic ions, proteins, metabolites and other molecules. Since it is believed that spermatozoa are translationally silent, proteins appearing in them are thought to be synthesised elsewhere, including epididymis, and then incorporated to the cells. One of the important mechanisms suggested to be involved in transfer of epididymal secretions to spermatozoa is through exosomes called epididymosomes. Epididymosomes released from the epididymal epithelium contain proteins, noncoding RNAs and distinct set of lipids that are transferred to spermatozoa while they pass through the different epididymal regions. Owing to the importance of these molecules for sperm maturation and fertilising ability, research on epididymosomes has gained increasing attention during the last decade. This review is focused on epididymosomes, with emphasis on recent advances in the understanding of mechanisms of epididymosomal cargo transfer to spermatozoa and potential roles of epididymosomes in sperm function and beyond. Possibilities of utilising the molecular signatures of epididymosomes as a tool for male fertility assessment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilendu Paul
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Thirumala Rao Talluri
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pradeep Nag
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arumugam Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
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19
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Di Muzio M, Millan-Solsona R, Dols-Perez A, Borrell JH, Fumagalli L, Gomila G. Dielectric properties and lamellarity of single liposomes measured by in-liquid scanning dielectric microscopy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:167. [PMID: 34082783 PMCID: PMC8176598 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are widely used as drug delivery carriers and as cell model systems. Here, we measure the dielectric properties of individual liposomes adsorbed on a metal electrode by in-liquid scanning dielectric microscopy in force detection mode. From the measurements the lamellarity of the liposomes, the separation between the lamellae and the specific capacitance of the lipid bilayer can be obtained. As application we considered the case of non-extruded DOPC liposomes with radii in the range ~ 100-800 nm. Uni-, bi- and tri-lamellar liposomes have been identified, with the largest population corresponding to bi-lamellar liposomes. The interlamellar separation in the bi-lamellar liposomes is found to be below ~ 10 nm in most instances. The specific capacitance of the DOPC lipid bilayer is found to be ~ 0.75 µF/cm2 in excellent agreement with the value determined on solid supported planar lipid bilayers. The lamellarity of the DOPC liposomes shows the usual correlation with the liposome's size. No correlation is found, instead, with the shape of the adsorbed liposomes. The proposed approach offers a powerful label-free and non-invasive method to determine the lamellarity and dielectric properties of single liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Di Muzio
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), c/Baldiri i Reixac 11-15, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Millan-Solsona
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), c/Baldiri i Reixac 11-15, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament D'Enginyeria Electrònica I Biomèdica, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurora Dols-Perez
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), c/Baldiri i Reixac 11-15, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi H Borrell
- Secció de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Gabriel Gomila
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), c/Baldiri i Reixac 11-15, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament D'Enginyeria Electrònica I Biomèdica, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Di Santo R, Romanò S, Mazzini A, Jovanović S, Nocca G, Campi G, Papi M, De Spirito M, Di Giacinto F, Ciasca G. Recent Advances in the Label-Free Characterization of Exosomes for Cancer Liquid Biopsy: From Scattering and Spectroscopy to Nanoindentation and Nanodevices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1476. [PMID: 34199576 PMCID: PMC8230295 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes (EXOs) are nano-sized vesicles secreted by most cell types. They are abundant in bio-fluids and harbor specific molecular constituents from their parental cells. Due to these characteristics, EXOs have a great potential in cancer diagnostics for liquid biopsy and personalized medicine. Despite this unique potential, EXOs are not yet widely applied in clinical settings, with two main factors hindering their translational process in diagnostics. Firstly, conventional extraction methods are time-consuming, require large sample volumes and expensive equipment, and often do not provide high-purity samples. Secondly, characterization methods have some limitations, because they are often qualitative, need extensive labeling or complex sampling procedures that can induce artifacts. In this context, novel label-free approaches are rapidly emerging, and are holding potential to revolutionize EXO diagnostics. These methods include the use of nanodevices for EXO purification, and vibrational spectroscopies, scattering, and nanoindentation for characterization. In this progress report, we summarize recent key advances in label-free techniques for EXO purification and characterization. We point out that these methods contribute to reducing costs and processing times, provide complementary information compared to the conventional characterization techniques, and enhance flexibility, thus favoring the discovery of novel and unexplored EXO-based biomarkers. In this process, the impact of nanotechnology is systematically highlighted, showing how the effectiveness of these techniques can be enhanced using nanomaterials, such as plasmonic nanoparticles and nanostructured surfaces, which enable the exploitation of advanced physical phenomena occurring at the nanoscale level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Santo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Sabrina Romanò
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Mazzini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Svetlana Jovanović
- “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Giuseppina Nocca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Campi
- Rome International Centre Materials Science Superstripes RICMASS, via dei Sabelli 119A, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, via Salaria Km 29. 300, Monterotondo Stazione, 00016 Roma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
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21
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Weng J, Xiang X, Ding L, Wong ALA, Zeng Q, Sethi G, Wang L, Lee SC, Goh BC. Extracellular vesicles, the cornerstone of next-generation cancer diagnosis? Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 74:105-120. [PMID: 33989735 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has risen up to be a major cause of mortality worldwide over the past decades. Despite advancements in cancer screening and diagnostics, a significant number of cancers are still diagnosed at a late stage with poor prognosis. Hence, the discovery of reliable and accurate methods to diagnose cancer early would be of great help in reducing cancer mortality. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid vesicles found in many biofluids and are released by almost all types of cells. In recent years, using EVs as cancer biomarkers has garnered attention as a novel technique of cancer diagnosis. Compared with traditional tissue biopsy, there are many advantages that this novel diagnostic tool presents - it is less invasive, detects early-stage asymptomatic cancers, and allows for monitoring of tumour progression. As such, EV biomarkers have great potential in improving the diagnostic accuracy of cancers and guiding subsequent therapeutic decisions. Efficient isolation and accurate characterization of EVs are essential for reliable outcomes of clinical application. However, these are complicated by the size and biomolecular diversity of EVs. In this review, we present an analysis and evaluation of the current techniques of EV isolation and characterization, as well as discuss the potential EV biomarkers for specific types of cancer. Taken together, EV biomarkers have a lot of potential as a novel method in cancer diagnostics and diagnosis. However, more work is still needed to streamline the purification, characterization and biomarker identification process to ensure optimal outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Weng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 20203, China
| | - Lingwen Ding
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Li-Ann Wong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Qi Zeng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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22
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Datta B, Paul D, Pal U, Rakshit T. Intriguing Biomedical Applications of Synthetic and Natural Cell-Derived Vesicles: A Comparative Overview. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2863-2885. [PMID: 35014382 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The significant role of a vesicle is well recognized; however, only lately has the advancement in biomedical applications started to uncover their usefulness. Although the concept of vesicles originates from cell biology, it later transferred to chemistry and material science to develop nanoscale artificial vesicles for biomedical applications. Herein, we examine different synthetic and biological vesicles and their applications in the biomedical field in general. As our understanding of biological vesicles increases, more suitable biomimicking synthetic vesicles will be developed. The comparative discussion between synthetic and natural vesicles for biomedical applications is a relevant topic, and we envision this could enable the development of a proper approach to realize the next-generation treatment goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brateen Datta
- Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Debashish Paul
- Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Uttam Pal
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Tatini Rakshit
- Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, India
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23
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Pilkington CP, Seddon JM, Elani Y. Microfluidic technologies for the synthesis and manipulation of biomimetic membranous nano-assemblies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3693-3706. [PMID: 33533338 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06226j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics has been proposed as an attractive alternative to conventional bulk methods used in the generation of self-assembled biomimetic structures, particularly where there is a desire for more scalable production. The approach also allows for greater control over the self-assembly process, and parameters such as particle architecture, size, and composition can be finely tuned. Microfluidic techniques used in the generation of microscale assemblies (giant vesicles and higher-order multi-compartment assemblies) are fairly well established. These tend to rely on microdroplet templation, and the resulting structures have found use as comparmentalised motifs in artificial cells. Challenges in generating sub-micron droplets have meant that reconfiguring this approach to form nano-scale structures is not straightforward. This is beginning to change however, and recent technological advances have instigated the manufacture and manipulation of an increasingly diverse repertoire of biomimetic nano-assemblies, including liposomes, polymersomes, hybrid particles, multi-lamellar structures, cubosomes, hexosomes, nanodiscs, and virus-like particles. The following review will discuss these higher-order self-assembled nanostructures, including their biochemical and industrial applications, and techniques used in their production and analysis. We suggest ways in which existing technologies could be repurposed for the enhanced design, manufacture, and exploitation of these structures and discuss potential challenges and future research directions. By compiling recent advances in this area, it is hoped we will inspire future efforts toward establishing scalable microfluidic platforms for the generation of biomimetic nanoparticles of enhanced architectural and functional complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin P Pilkington
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Science Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK and Department of Chemical Engineering, Exhibition Road, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - John M Seddon
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Science Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Yuval Elani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Exhibition Road, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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24
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Kim J, Kim J, Jongudomsombat T, Kim Bs E, Suk J, Lee D, Lee JH. The efficacy and safety of multilamellar vesicle containing retinaldehyde: A double-blinded, randomized, split-face controlled study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:2874-2879. [PMID: 33569865 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinaldehyde is one of the major members of the retinoid family, which has potential skin rejuvenating effects on photoaged skin and has a good safety profile. AIMS The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of multilamellar vesicle containing retinaldehyde (MLV-RAL) 0.05% and 0.1% used to treat photoaged skin. PATIENTS AND METHODS A randomized, prospective, investigator-blinded, split-face comparison study was conducted. We enrolled 23 Korean volunteers who applied MLV-RAL 0.05%/0.1% cream on one randomized side of their face and retinol 0.05%/0.1% cream on the opposite side. Wrinkle depth on both crow's feet was assessed by the Antera 3D system. Skin hydration, elasticity, facial curved length, and dermal density were also evaluated. RESULTS After an 8-week application, all objective parameters, including wrinkle depth, were significantly improved in both MLV-RAL 0.05%/0.1% and retinol 0.05%/0.1% treated sides. Compared with the retinol-treated side, MLV-RAL-treated side showed a significant improvement of objective assessments except for dermal density. Additionally, there was no adverse event associated with the use of either MLV-RAL 0.05%/0.1% or retinol 0.05%/0.1% cream. CONCLUSION The application of MLV-RAL 0.05%/0.1% cream improved wrinkle, facial contour, and biophysical parameters associated with skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemin Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of dermatology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Tunyaporn Jongudomsombat
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunbin Kim Bs
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jangmi Suk
- Global Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Has
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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26
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Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228762. [PMID: 33228245 PMCID: PMC7699467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived submicron vesicles released under physiological or pathological conditions. EVs mediate the cellular crosstalk, thus contributing to defining the tumor microenvironment, including in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The available literature investigating the role of EVs in EOC has been reviewed following PRISMA guidelines, focusing on the role of EVs in early disease diagnosis, metastatic spread, and the development of chemoresistance in EOC. Data were identified from searches of Medline, Current Contents, PubMed, and from references in relevant articles from 2010 to 1 April 2020. The research yielded 194 results. Of these, a total of 36 papers, 9 reviews, and 27 original types of research were retained and analyzed. The literature findings demonstrate that a panel of EV-derived circulating miRNAs may be useful for early diagnosis of EOC. Furthermore, it appears clear that EVs are involved in mediating two crucial processes for metastatic and chemoresistance development: the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and tumor escape from the immune system response. Further studies, more focused on in vivo evidence, are urgently needed to clarify the role of EV assessment in the clinical management of EOC patients.
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27
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Vorselen D, Piontek MC, Roos WH, Wuite GJL. Mechanical Characterization of Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles, a Protocol. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:139. [PMID: 32850949 PMCID: PMC7396484 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Both natural as well as artificial vesicles are of tremendous interest in biology and nanomedicine. Small vesicles (<200 nm) perform essential functions in cell biology and artificial vesicles (liposomes) are used as drug delivery vehicles. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a powerful technique to study the structural properties of these vesicles. AFM is a well-established technique for imaging at nanometer resolution and for mechanical measurements under physiological conditions. Here, we describe the procedure of AFM imaging and force spectroscopy on small vesicles. We discuss how to image vesicles with minimal structural disturbance, and how to analyze the data for accurate size and shape measurements. In addition, we describe the procedure for performing nanoindentations on vesicles and the subsequent data analysis including mechanical models used for data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Vorselen
- Fysica Van Levende Systemen and LaserLab, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melissa C. Piontek
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wouter H. Roos
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gijs J. L. Wuite
- Fysica Van Levende Systemen and LaserLab, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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28
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Rikkert LG, Beekman P, Caro J, Coumans FAW, Enciso-Martinez A, Jenster G, Le Gac S, Lee W, van Leeuwen TG, Loozen GB, Nanou A, Nieuwland R, Offerhaus HL, Otto C, Pegtel DM, Piontek MC, van der Pol E, de Rond L, Roos WH, Schasfoort RBM, Wauben MHM, Zuilhof H, Terstappen LWMM. Cancer-ID: Toward Identification of Cancer by Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Blood. Front Oncol 2020; 10:608. [PMID: 32582525 PMCID: PMC7287034 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have great potential as biomarkers since their composition and concentration in biofluids are disease state dependent and their cargo can contain disease-related information. Large tumor-derived EVs (tdEVs, >1 μm) in blood from cancer patients are associated with poor outcome, and changes in their number can be used to monitor therapy effectiveness. Whereas, small tumor-derived EVs (<1 μm) are likely to outnumber their larger counterparts, thereby offering better statistical significance, identification and quantification of small tdEVs are more challenging. In the blood of cancer patients, a subpopulation of EVs originate from tumor cells, but these EVs are outnumbered by non-EV particles and EVs from other origin. In the Dutch NWO Perspectief Cancer-ID program, we developed and evaluated detection and characterization techniques to distinguish EVs from non-EV particles and other EVs. Despite low signal amplitudes, we identified characteristics of these small tdEVs that may enable the enumeration of small tdEVs and extract relevant information. The insights obtained from Cancer-ID can help to explore the full potential of tdEVs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Rikkert
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Beekman
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Applied Microfluidics for Bioengineering Research, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - J Caro
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - F A W Coumans
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Enciso-Martinez
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - G Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for Bioengineering Research, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - W Lee
- Optical Sciences Group, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - T G van Leeuwen
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G B Loozen
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - A Nanou
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - R Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H L Offerhaus
- Optical Sciences Group, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - C Otto
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - D M Pegtel
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M C Piontek
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - E van der Pol
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L de Rond
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W H Roos
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - R B M Schasfoort
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - M H M Wauben
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - H Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - L W M M Terstappen
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
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29
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in intercellular communication in normal cellular process and pathological conditions by facilitating the transport of cellular content from one cell to another. EVs as conveyors of various biological molecules with their ability to redirect effects on a target cell physiological function in cell type-specific manner makes EVs an excellent candidate for drug delivery vehicle in disease therapy. Moreover, unique characteristics and contents of EVs which differ depends on cellular origin and physiological state make them a valuable source of diagnostic biomarker. Herein, we review the current progress in extracellular vesicle (EV) analysis, its transition from biomedical research to advancing therapy, and recent pioneered approaches to characterize and quantify EVs' subclasses with an emphasis on the integration of advanced technologies for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of EVs in different clinical tissue/body fluid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arada Vinaiphat
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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30
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Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Mediators and Disease Biomarkers across Biological Barriers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072514. [PMID: 32260425 PMCID: PMC7178048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles act as shuttle vectors or signal transducers that can deliver specific biological information and have progressively emerged as key regulators of organized communities of cells within multicellular organisms in health and disease. Here, we survey the evolutionary origin, general characteristics, and biological significance of extracellular vesicles as mediators of intercellular signaling, discuss the various subtypes of extracellular vesicles thus far described and the principal methodological approaches to their study, and review the role of extracellular vesicles in tumorigenesis, immunity, non-synaptic neural communication, vascular-neural communication through the blood-brain barrier, renal pathophysiology, and embryo-fetal/maternal communication through the placenta.
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31
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Piontek MC, Lira RB, Roos WH. Active probing of the mechanical properties of biological and synthetic vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1865:129486. [PMID: 31734458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interest in mechanics of synthetic and biological vesicles has been continuously growing during the last decades. Liposomes serve as model systems for investigating fundamental membrane processes and properties. More recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been investigated mechanically as well. EVs are widely studied in fundamental and applied sciences, but their material properties remained elusive until recently. Elucidating the mechanical properties of vesicles is essential to unveil the mechanisms behind a variety of biological processes, e.g. budding, vesiculation and cellular uptake mechanisms. SCOPE OF REVIEW The importance of mechanobiology for studies of vesicles and membranes is discussed, as well as the different available techniques to probe their mechanical properties. In particular, the mechanics of vesicles and membranes as obtained by nanoindentation, micropipette aspiration, optical tweezers, electrodeformation and electroporation experiments is addressed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS EVs and liposomes possess an astonishing rich, diverse behavior. To better understand their properties, and for optimization of their applications in nanotechnology, an improved understanding of their mechanical properties is needed. Depending on the size of the vesicles and the specific scientific question, different techniques can be chosen for their mechanical characterization. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the mechanical properties of vesicles is necessary to gain deeper insight in the fundamental biological mechanisms involved in vesicle generation and cellular uptake. This furthermore facilitates technological applications such as using vesicles as targeted drug delivery vehicles. Liposome studies provide insight into fundamental membrane processes and properties, whereas the role and functioning of EVs in biology and medicine are increasingly elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Piontek
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Rafael B Lira
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Wouter H Roos
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Hartjes TA, Mytnyk S, Jenster GW, van Steijn V, van Royen ME. Extracellular Vesicle Quantification and Characterization: Common Methods and Emerging Approaches. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:bioengineering6010007. [PMID: 30654439 PMCID: PMC6466085 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a family of small membrane vesicles that carry information about cells by which they are secreted. Growing interest in the role of EVs in intercellular communication, but also in using their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential in (bio) medical applications, demands for accurate assessment of their biochemical and physical properties. In this review, we provide an overview of available technologies for EV analysis by describing their working principles, assessing their utility in EV research and summarising their potential and limitations. To emphasise the innovations in EV analysis, we also highlight the unique possibilities of emerging technologies with high potential for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Hartjes
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Serhii Mytnyk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 3015 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Guido W Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, 3015 CD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Volkert van Steijn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 3015 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Gumí-Audenis B, Illa-Tuset S, Grimaldi N, Pasquina-Lemonche L, Ferrer-Tasies L, Sanz F, Veciana J, Ratera I, Faraudo J, Ventosa N, Giannotti MI. Insights into the structure and nanomechanics of a quatsome membrane by force spectroscopy measurements and molecular simulations. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:23001-23011. [PMID: 30500043 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quatsomes (QS) are unilamellar nanovesicles constituted by quaternary ammonium surfactants and sterols in defined molar ratios. Unlike conventional liposomes, QS are stable upon long storage such as for several years, they show outstanding vesicle-to-vesicle homogeneity regarding size and lamellarity, and they have the structural and physicochemical requirements to be a potential platform for site-specific delivery of hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules. Knowing in detail the structure and mechanical properties of the QS membrane is of great importance for the design of deformable and flexible nanovesicle alternatives, highly pursued in nanomedicine applications such as the transdermal administration route. In this work, we report the first study on the detailed structure of the cholesterol : CTAB QS membrane at the nanoscale, using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectroscopy (AFM-FS) in a controlled liquid environment (ionic medium and temperature) to assess the topography of supported QS membranes (SQMs) and to evaluate the local membrane mechanics. We further perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to provide an atomistic interpretation of the obtained results. Our results are direct evidence of the bilayer nature of the QS membrane, with characteristics of a fluid-like membrane, compact and homogeneous in composition, and with structural and mechanical properties that depend on the surrounding environment. We show how ions alter the lateral packing, modifying the membrane mechanics. We observe that according to the ionic environment and temperature, different domains may coexist in the QS membranes, ascribed to variations in molecular tilt angles. Our results indicate that QS membrane properties may be easily tuned by altering the lateral interactions with either different environmental ions or counterions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Gumí-Audenis
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
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The fluid membrane determines mechanics of erythrocyte extracellular vesicles and is softened in hereditary spherocytosis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4960. [PMID: 30470753 PMCID: PMC6251882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are widely studied regarding their role in cell-to-cell communication and disease, as well as for applications as biomarkers or drug delivery vehicles. EVs contain membrane and intraluminal proteins, affecting their structure and thereby likely their functioning. Here, we use atomic force microscopy for mechanical characterization of erythrocyte, or red blood cell (RBC), EVs from healthy individuals and from patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) due to ankyrin deficiency. While these EVs are packed with proteins, their response to indentation resembles that of fluid liposomes lacking proteins. The bending modulus of RBC EVs of healthy donors is ~15 kbT, similar to the RBC membrane. Surprisingly, whereas RBCs become more rigid in HS, patient EVs have a significantly (~40%) lower bending modulus than donor EVs. These results shed light on the mechanism and effects of EV budding and might explain the reported increase in vesiculation of RBCs in HS patients. Red blood cell disorders are often accompanied by increased release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), but their structural and mechanical properties are not fully understood. Here, the authors show that red blood cell EVs show liposome-like mechanical features and are softened in blood disorder patients.
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