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Navalón-López M, Dols-Perez A, Grijalvo S, Fornaguera C, Borrós S. Unravelling the role of individual components in pBAE/polynucleotide polyplexes in the synthesis of tailored carriers for specific applications: on the road to rational formulations. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:1611-1623. [PMID: 36926558 PMCID: PMC10012844 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oligopeptide end-modified poly(β-amino ester)s (OM-pBAEs) offer a means for the effective implementation of gene therapeutics in the near future. A fine-tuning of OM-pBAEs to meet application requirements is achieved by the proportional balance of oligopeptides used and provide gene carriers with high transfection efficacy, low toxicity, precise targeting, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Understanding the influence and conformation of each building block at molecular and biological levels is therefore pivotal for further development and improvement of these gene carriers. Herein, we unmask the role of individual OM-pBAE components and their conformation in OM-pBAE/polynucleotide nanoparticles using a combination of fluorescence resonance energy transfer, enhanced darkfield spectral microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and microscale thermophoresis. We found that modifying the pBAE backbone with three end-terminal amino acids produces unique mechanical and physical properties for each combination. Higher adhesion properties are seen with arginine and lysine-based hybrid nanoparticles, while histidine provides an advantage in terms of construct stability. Our results shed light on the high potential of OM-pBAEs as gene delivery vehicles and provide insights into the influence of the nature of surface charges and the chemical nature of the pBAE modifications on their paths towards endocytosis, endosomal escape, and transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Navalón-López
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT) Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS) Universitat Ramon Llull (URL) Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Aurora Dols-Perez
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) C/Baldiri i Reixac 11‐15 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Networking Center on Bioengineer-ing, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) C/ Jordi Girona 18-26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Cristina Fornaguera
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT) Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS) Universitat Ramon Llull (URL) Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT) Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS) Universitat Ramon Llull (URL) Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
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Dols-Perez A, Fornaguera C, Feiner-Gracia N, Grijalvo S, Solans C, Gomila G. Effect of surface functionalization and loading on the mechanical properties of soft polymeric nanoparticles prepared by nano-emulsion templating. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113019. [PMID: 36435028 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug and gene delivery systems based on polymeric nanoparticles offer a greater efficacy and a reduced toxicity compared to traditional formulations. Recent studies have evidenced that their internalization, biodistribution and efficacy can be affected, among other factors, by their mechanical properties. Here, we analyze by means of Atomic Force Microscopy force spectroscopy how composition, surface functionalization and loading affect the mechanics of nanoparticles. For this purpose, nanoparticles made of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) (PLGA) and Ethyl cellulose (EC) with different functionalizations and loading were prepared by nano-emulsion templating using the Phase Inversion Composition method (PIC) to form the nano-emulsions. A multiparametric nanomechanical study involving the determination of the Young's modulus, maximum deformation and breakthrough force was carried out. The obtained results showed that composition, surface functionalization and loading affect the nanomechanical properties in a different way, thus requiring, in general, to consider the overall mechanical properties after the addition of a functionalization or loading. A graphical representation method has been proposed enabling to easily identify mechanically equivalent formulations, which is expected to be useful in the development of soft polymeric nanoparticles for pre-clinical and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Dols-Perez
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain; Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), C/ Balidiri i Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Departament of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Fornaguera
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain; Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (Gemat) - Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS) - Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Feiner-Gracia
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Conxita Solans
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Gabriel Gomila
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), C/ Balidiri i Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Departament of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Di Muzio M, Millan-Solsona R, Dols-Perez A, Borrell JH, Fumagalli L, Gomila G. Dielectric properties and lamellarity of single liposomes measured by in-liquid scanning dielectric microscopy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:167. [PMID: 34082783 PMCID: PMC8176598 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are widely used as drug delivery carriers and as cell model systems. Here, we measure the dielectric properties of individual liposomes adsorbed on a metal electrode by in-liquid scanning dielectric microscopy in force detection mode. From the measurements the lamellarity of the liposomes, the separation between the lamellae and the specific capacitance of the lipid bilayer can be obtained. As application we considered the case of non-extruded DOPC liposomes with radii in the range ~ 100-800 nm. Uni-, bi- and tri-lamellar liposomes have been identified, with the largest population corresponding to bi-lamellar liposomes. The interlamellar separation in the bi-lamellar liposomes is found to be below ~ 10 nm in most instances. The specific capacitance of the DOPC lipid bilayer is found to be ~ 0.75 µF/cm2 in excellent agreement with the value determined on solid supported planar lipid bilayers. The lamellarity of the DOPC liposomes shows the usual correlation with the liposome's size. No correlation is found, instead, with the shape of the adsorbed liposomes. The proposed approach offers a powerful label-free and non-invasive method to determine the lamellarity and dielectric properties of single liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Di Muzio
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), c/Baldiri i Reixac 11-15, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Millan-Solsona
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), c/Baldiri i Reixac 11-15, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament D'Enginyeria Electrònica I Biomèdica, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurora Dols-Perez
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), c/Baldiri i Reixac 11-15, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi H Borrell
- Secció de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Gabriel Gomila
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), c/Baldiri i Reixac 11-15, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament D'Enginyeria Electrònica I Biomèdica, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Monge M, Fornaguera C, Quero C, Dols-Perez A, Calderó G, Grijalvo S, García-Celma MJ, Rodríguez-Abreu C, Solans C. Functionalized PLGA nanoparticles prepared by nano-emulsion templating interact selectively with proteins involved in the transport through the blood-brain barrier. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 156:155-164. [PMID: 32927077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
During the last few decades, extensive efforts has been made to design nanocarriers to transport drugs into the central nervous system (CNS). However, its efficacy is limited due to the presence of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) which greatly reduces drug penetration making Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) necessary. Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have been reported to be appropriate for this purpose and in particular, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been used for its ability to entrap small molecule drugs with great efficiency and the ease with which it functionalizes NPs. Despite the fact that their synthetic identity has been studied in depth, the biological identity of such manufactured polymers still remains unknown as does their biodistribution and in vivo fate. This biological identity is a result of their interaction with blood proteins, the so-called "protein corona" which tends to alter the behavior of polymeric nanoparticles in the body. The aim of the present research is to identify the proteins bounded to polymeric nanoparticles designed to selectively interact with the BBB. For this purpose, four different PLGA NPs were prepared and analyzed: (i) "PLGA@Drug," in which a model drug was encapsulated in its core; (ii) "8D3-PLGA" NPs where the PLGA surface was functionalized with a monoclonal anti-transferrin receptor antibody (8D3 mAb) in order to specifically target the BBB; (iii) "8D3-PLGA@Drug" in which the PLGA@Drug surface was functionalized using the same antibody described above and (iv) bare PLGA NPs which were used as a control. Once the anticipated protein corona NPs were obtained, proteins decorating both bare and functionalized PLGA NPs were isolated and analyzed. Apart from the indistinct interaction with PLGA NPs with the most abundant serum proteins, specific proteins could also be identified in the case of functionalized PLGA NPs. These findings may provide valuable insight into designing novel vehicles based on PLGA NPs for crossing the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Monge
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, and Physicochemistry, IN2UB, R+D Associated Unit to CSIC Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Cristina Fornaguera
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Carme Quero
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurora Dols-Perez
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Gabriela Calderó
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
| | - María José García-Celma
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, and Physicochemistry, IN2UB, R+D Associated Unit to CSIC Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-Abreu
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Conxita Solans
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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Soler Besumbes E, Fornaguera C, Monge M, García-Celma MJ, Carrión J, Solans C, Dols-Perez A. PLGA cationic nanoparticles, obtained from nano-emulsion templating, as potential DNA vaccines. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Dols-Perez A, Marin V, Amador GJ, Kieffer R, Tam D, Aubin-Tam ME. Artificial Cell Membranes Interfaced with Optical Tweezers: A Versatile Microfluidics Platform for Nanomanipulation and Mechanical Characterization. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:33620-33627. [PMID: 31448892 PMCID: PMC6753654 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell lipid membranes are the site of vital biological processes, such as motility, trafficking, and sensing, many of which involve mechanical forces. Elucidating the interplay between such bioprocesses and mechanical forces requires the use of tools that apply and measure piconewton-level forces, e.g., optical tweezers. Here, we introduce the combination of optical tweezers with free-standing lipid bilayers, which are fully accessible on both sides of the membrane. In the vicinity of the lipid bilayer, optical trapping would normally be impossible due to optical distortions caused by pockets of the solvent trapped within the membrane. We solve this by drastically reducing the size of these pockets via tuning of the solvent and flow cell material. In the resulting flow cells, lipid nanotubes are straightforwardly pushed or pulled and reach lengths above half a millimeter. Moreover, the controlled pushing of a lipid nanotube with an optically trapped bead provides an accurate and direct measurement of important mechanical properties. In particular, we measure the membrane tension of a free-standing membrane composed of a mixture of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) to be 4.6 × 10-6 N/m. We demonstrate the potential of the platform for biophysical studies by inserting the cell-penetrating trans-activator of transcription (TAT) peptide in the lipid membrane. The interactions between the TAT peptide and the membrane are found to decrease the value of the membrane tension to 2.1 × 10-6 N/m. This method is also fully compatible with electrophysiological measurements and presents new possibilities for the study of membrane mechanics and the creation of artificial lipid tube networks of great importance in intra- and intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Dols-Perez
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience,
Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Marin
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience,
Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Guillermo J. Amador
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience,
Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
for Aero and Hydrodynamics, Delft University
of Technology, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Kieffer
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience,
Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Tam
- Laboratory
for Aero and Hydrodynamics, Delft University
of Technology, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Eve Aubin-Tam
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience,
Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
- E-mail: (M.A.)
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Dols-Perez A, Fumagalli L, Gomila G. Interdigitation in spin-coated lipid layers in air. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 172:400-406. [PMID: 30195157 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we show that dry saturated phospholipid layers prepared by the spin-coating technique could present thinner regions associated to interdigitated phases under some conditions. The morphological characteristics of lipid layers of saturated phosphocholines, such as dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC), have been measured by Atomic Force Microscopy and revealed that the presence of interdigitated regions is not induced by the same parameters that induce them in hydrated samples. To achieve these results the effect of the lipid hidrocabonated chain length, the presence of alcohol in the coating solution, the spinning velocity and the presence of cholesterol were tested. We showed that DPPC and DSPC bilayers, on the one side, can show structures with similar height than interdigitated regions observed in hydrated samples, while, on the other side, DLPC and DMPC tend to show no evidence of interdigitation. Results indicate that the presence of interdigitated areas is due to the presence of lateral tensions and, hence, that they can be eliminated by releasing these tensions by, for instance, the addition of cholesterol. These results demonstrate that interdigitation in lipid layers is a rather general phenomena and can be observed in lipid bilayers in dry conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Dols-Perez
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, Netherlands.
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Gomila
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), C/ Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica i Biomèdica, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Feiner-Gracia N, Dols-Perez A, Royo M, Solans C, Garcia-Celma M, Fornaguera C. Cell penetrating peptide grafting of PLGA nanoparticles to enhance cell uptake. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Calderó G, Fornaguera C, Zadoina L, Dols-Perez A, Solans C. Design of parenteral MNP-loaded PLGA nanoparticles by a low-energy emulsification approach as theragnostic platforms for intravenous or intratumoral administration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 160:535-542. [PMID: 29024918 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) into PLGA nanoparticles has been achieved by nano-emulsion templating using for the first time both, a low-energy emulsification method as well as biocompatible components accepted for pharmaceuticals intended for human use. The incorporation of MNP by nano-emulsion templating method proposed in this work has been investigated in two different systems applying mild process conditions and is shown to be simple and versatile, providing stable MNP-loaded PLGA nanoparticles with tunable size and MNP concentration. MNP-loaded PLGA nanoparticles showed sizes below 200nm by DLS and 50nm by TEM, and mean MNP loading per PLGA nanoparticle of 1 to 4, depending on the nanoparticle dispersion composition. Physical-chemical features suggest that the MNP-loaded PLGA nanoparticles obtained are good candidates for intravenous or intratumoral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Calderó
- CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - C Fornaguera
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Zadoina
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Dols-Perez
- CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Solans
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
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Fornaguera C, Feiner-Gracia N, Dols-Perez A, García-Celma MJ, Solans C. Versatile Methodology to Encapsulate Gold Nanoparticles in PLGA Nanoparticles Obtained by Nano-Emulsion Templating. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1093-1103. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Dols-Perez A, Gramse G, Calò A, Gomila G, Fumagalli L. Nanoscale electric polarizability of ultrathin biolayers on insulating substrates by electrostatic force microscopy. Nanoscale 2015; 7:18327-18336. [PMID: 26488226 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04983k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We measured and quantified the local electric polarization properties of ultrathin (∼5 nm) biolayers on mm-thick mica substrates. We achieved it by scanning a sharp conductive tip (<10 nm radius) of an electrostatic force microscope over the biolayers and quantifying sub-picoNewton electric polarization forces with a sharp-tip model implemented using finite-element numerical calculations. We obtained relative dielectric constants εr = 3.3, 2.4 and 1.9 for bacteriorhodopsin, dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and cholesterol layers, chosen as representative of the main cell membrane components, with an error below 10% and a spatial resolution down to ∼50 nm. The ability of using insulating substrates common in biophysics research, such as mica or glass, instead of metallic substrates, offers both a general platform to determine the dielectric properties of biolayers and a wider compatibility with other characterization techniques, such as optical microscopy. This opens up new possibilities for biolayer research at the nanoscale, including nanoscale label-free composition mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dols-Perez
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain and CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Gramse
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute for Biophysics, Gruberst. 40, 4020-Linz, Austria
| | - A Calò
- CIC NanoGUNE Consolider, E-20018 Donostia San Sebastian, Spain
| | - G Gomila
- Nanobioelec group, Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, 08028-Barcelona, Spain and Departament d'Electrònica, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Fumagalli
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Fornaguera C, Dols-Perez A, Calderó G, García-Celma MJ, Camarasa J, Solans C. PLGA nanoparticles prepared by nano-emulsion templating using low-energy methods as efficient nanocarriers for drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier. J Control Release 2015; 211:134-43. [PMID: 26057857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases have an increased prevalence and incidence nowadays, mainly due to aging of the population. In addition, current treatments lack efficacy, mostly due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that limits the penetration of the drugs to the central nervous system. Therefore, novel drug delivery systems are required. Polymeric nanoparticles have been reported to be appropriate for this purpose. Specifically, the use of poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) seems to be advantageous due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability that ensure safe therapies. In this work, a novel approximation to develop loperamide-loaded nanoparticles is presented: their preparation by nano-emulsion templating using a low-energy method (the phase inversion composition, PIC, method). This nano-emulsification approach is a simple and very versatile technology, which allows a precise size control and it can be performed at mild process conditions. Drug-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were obtained using safe components by solvent evaporation of template nano-emulsions. Characterization of PLGA nanoparticles was performed, together with the study of the BBB crossing. The in vivo results of measuring the analgesic effect using the hot-plate test evidenced that the designed PLGA loperamide-loaded nanoparticles are able to efficiently cross the BBB, with high crossing efficiencies when their surface is functionalized with an active targeting moiety (a monoclonal antibody against the transferrin receptor). These results, together with the nanoparticle characterization performed here are expected to provide sufficient evidences to end up to clinical trials in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fornaguera
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A Dols-Perez
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Calderó
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J García-Celma
- CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Barcelona, Av/ Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Camarasa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section), University of Barcelona, Av/ Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Solans
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
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Dols-Perez A, Fumagalli L, Gomila G. Structural and nanomechanical effects of cholesterol in binary and ternary spin-coated single lipid bilayers in dry conditions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 116:295-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Dols-Perez A, Sisquella X, Fumagalli L, Gomila G. Optical visualization of ultrathin mica flakes on semitransparent gold substrates. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:305. [PMID: 23819688 PMCID: PMC3716790 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We show that optical visualization of ultrathin mica flakes on metallic substrates is viable using semitransparent gold as substrates. This enables to easily localize mica flakes and rapidly estimate their thickness directly on gold substrates by conventional optical reflection microscopy. We experimentally demonstrate it by comparing optical images with atomic force microscopy images of mica flakes on semitransparent gold. Present results open the possibility for simple and rapid characterization of thin mica flakes as well as other thin sheets directly on metallic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Dols-Perez
- Nanobioelec Group, Institute for BioEngineering of Catalonia (IBEC), c/Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Departament d’Electrònica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Xavier Sisquella
- Nanotechnology Platform, Barcelona Science Park, c/Josep Samitier 1-5, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Current address: The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Nanobioelec Group, Institute for BioEngineering of Catalonia (IBEC), c/Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Departament d’Electrònica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gomila
- Nanobioelec Group, Institute for BioEngineering of Catalonia (IBEC), c/Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Departament d’Electrònica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Dols-Perez A, Fumagalli L, Simonsen AC, Gomila G. Ultrathin spin-coated dioleoylphosphatidylcholine lipid layers in dry conditions: a combined atomic force microscopy and nanomechanical study. Langmuir 2011; 27:13165-13172. [PMID: 21936555 DOI: 10.1021/la202942j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to study the structural and mechanical properties of low concentrated spin-coated dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) layers in dry environment (RH ≈ 0%) at the nanoscale. It is shown that for concentrations in the 0.1-1 mM range the structure of the DOPC spin-coated samples consists of an homogeneous lipid monolayer ∼1.3 nm thick covering the whole substrate on top of which lipid bilayer (or multilayer) micro- and nanometric patches and rims are formed. The thickness of the bilayer structures is found to be ∼4.5 nm (or multiples of this value for multilayer structures), while the lateral dimensions range from micrometers to tens of nanometer depending on the lipid concentration. The force required to break a bilayer (breakthrough force) is found to be ∼0.24 nN. No dependence of the mechanical values on the lateral dimensions of the bilayer structures is evidenced. Remarkably, the thickness and breakthrough force values of the bilayers measured in dry environment are very similar to values reported in the literature for supported DOPC bilayers in pure water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Dols-Perez
- Nanobioelec group, Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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