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Rosalia M, Rubes D, Serra M, Genta I, Dorati R, Conti B. Polyglycerol Sebacate Elastomer: A Critical Overview of Synthetic Methods and Characterisation Techniques. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1405. [PMID: 38794598 PMCID: PMC11124930 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly (glycerol sebacate) is a widely studied elastomeric copolymer obtained from the polycondensation of two bioresorbable monomers, glycerol and sebacic acid. Due to its biocompatibility and the possibility to tailor its biodegradability rate and mechanical properties, PGS has gained lots of interest in the last two decades, especially in the soft tissue engineering field. Different synthetic approaches have been proposed, ranging from classic thermal polyesterification and curing to microwave-assisted organic synthesis, UV crosslinking and enzymatic catalysis. Each technique, characterized by its advantages and disadvantages, can be tailored by controlling the crosslinking density, which depends on specific synthetic parameters. In this work, classic and alternative synthetic methods, as well as characterisation and tailoring techniques, are critically reviewed with the aim to provide a valuable tool for the reproducible and customized production of PGS for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Rosalia
- Department of Drug Science, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.R.); (M.S.); (I.G.); (R.D.); (B.C.)
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2
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Ding X, Zhang Z, Kluka C, Asim S, Manuel J, Lee BP, Jiang J, Heiden PA, Heldt CL, Rizwan M. Pair of Functional Polyesters That Are Photo-Cross-Linkable and Electrospinnable to Engineer Elastomeric Scaffolds with Tunable Structure and Properties. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:863-878. [PMID: 38207114 PMCID: PMC10954299 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
A pair of alkyne- and thiol-functionalized polyesters are designed to engineer elastomeric scaffolds with a wide range of tunable material properties (e.g., thermal, degradation, and mechanical properties) for different tissues, given their different host responses, mechanics, and regenerative capacities. The two prepolymers are quickly photo-cross-linkable through thiol-yne click chemistry to form robust elastomers with small permanent deformations. The elastic moduli can be easily tuned between 0.96 ± 0.18 and 7.5 ± 2.0 MPa, and in vitro degradation is mediated from hours up to days by adjusting the prepolymer weight ratios. These elastomers bear free hydroxyl and thiol groups with a water contact angle of less than 85.6 ± 3.58 degrees, indicating a hydrophilic nature. The elastomer is compatible with NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells with cell viability reaching 88 ± 8.7% relative to the TCPS control at 48 h incubation. Differing from prior soft elastomers, a mixture of the two prepolymers without a carrying polymer is electrospinnable and UV-cross-linkable to fabricate elastic fibrous scaffolds for soft tissues. The designed prepolymer pair can thus ease the fabrication of elastic fibrous conduits, leading to potential use as a resorbable synthetic graft. The elastomers could find use in other tissue engineering applications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochu Ding
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, 202E Chemical Sciences and Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 609 Chemical Sciences and Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Zhongtian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 309 Minerals & Materials Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Christopher Kluka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 609 Minerals & Materials Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Saad Asim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 309 Minerals & Materials Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - James Manuel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 309 Minerals & Materials Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 309 Minerals & Materials Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Jingfeng Jiang
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, 202E Chemical Sciences and Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 309 Minerals & Materials Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Patricia A. Heiden
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 609 Chemical Sciences and Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Caryn L. Heldt
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, 202E Chemical Sciences and Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 203 Chemical Sciences and Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 309 Minerals & Materials Engineering Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
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Yu L, Zeng G, Xu J, Han M, Wang Z, Li T, Long M, Wang L, Huang W, Wu Y. Development of Poly(Glycerol Sebacate) and Its Derivatives: A Review of the Progress over the past Two Decades. POLYM REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2022.2150774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanjie Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingying Han
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Long
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaobin Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Godinho B, Gama N, Ferreira A. Different methods of synthesizing poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS): A review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1033827. [PMID: 36532580 PMCID: PMC9748623 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1033827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is a biodegradable elastomer that has attracted increasing attention as a potential material for applications in biological tissue engineering. The conventional method of synthesis, first described in 2002, is based on the polycondensation of glycerol and sebacic acid, but it is a time-consuming and energy-intensive process. In recent years, new approaches for producing PGS, PGS blends, and PGS copolymers have been reported to not only reduce the time and energy required to obtain the final material but also to adjust the properties and processability of the PGS-based materials based on the desired applications. This review compiles more than 20 years of PGS synthesis reports, reported inconsistencies, and proposed alternatives to more rapidly produce PGS polymer structures or PGS derivatives with tailor-made properties. Synthesis conditions such as temperature, reaction time, reagent ratio, atmosphere, catalysts, microwave-assisted synthesis, and PGS modifications (urethane and acrylate groups, blends, and copolymers) were revisited to present and discuss the diverse alternatives to produce and adapt PGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Godinho
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno Gama
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur Ferreira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- ESTGA-Águeda School of Technology and Management, Águeda, Portugal
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5
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Shukla K. A study on the synthesis of various polyesters from glycerol. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Chen S, Wu Z, Chu C, Ni Y, Neisiany RE, You Z. Biodegradable Elastomers and Gels for Elastic Electronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105146. [PMID: 35212474 PMCID: PMC9069371 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable electronics are considered as an important bio-friendly solution for electronic waste (e-waste) management, sustainable development, and emerging implantable devices. Elastic electronics with higher imitative mechanical characteristics of human tissues, have become crucial for human-related applications. The convergence of biodegradability and elasticity has emerged a new paradigm of next-generation electronics especially for wearable and implantable electronics. The corresponding biodegradable elastic materials are recognized as a key to drive this field toward the practical applications. The review first clarifies the relevant concepts including biodegradable and elastic electronics along with their general design principles. Subsequently, the crucial mechanisms of the degradation in polymeric materials are discussed in depth. The diverse types of biodegradable elastomers and gels for electronics are then summarized. Their molecular design, modification, processing, and device fabrication especially the structure-properties relationship as well as recent advanced are reviewed in detail. Finally, the current challenges and the future directions are proposed. The critical insights of biodegradability and elastic characteristics in the elastomers and gel allows them to be tailored and designed more effectively for electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Functional MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityResearch Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society)Shanghai201620P. R. China
| | - Zekai Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Functional MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityResearch Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society)Shanghai201620P. R. China
| | - Chengzhen Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Functional MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityResearch Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society)Shanghai201620P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Functional MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityResearch Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society)Shanghai201620P. R. China
| | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Department of Materials and Polymer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringHakim Sabzevari UniversitySabzevar9617976487Iran
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Functional MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityResearch Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society)Shanghai201620P. R. China
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7
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Golbaten-Mofrad H, Salehi MH, Jafari SH, Goodarzi V, Entezari M, Hashemi M. Preparation and properties investigation of biodegradable poly (glycerol sebacate-co-gelatin) containing nanoclay and graphene oxide for soft tissue engineering applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:2241-2257. [PMID: 35467798 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study has attempted to systematically investigate the influence of nanoclay and graphene oxide (GO) on thermal, mechanical, hydrophobic, and, most importantly, biological properties of poly(glycerol sebacate)/gelatin (PGS/gel) nanocomposites. The PGS/gel copolymer nanocomposites were successfully synthesized via in situ polymerization, approved by rudimentary characterization methods. The nanofillers were appropriately dispersed within the elastomeric matrix according to morphological studies. Also, the fillers posed as a hydrophobic entity that slightly decreased the hydrophilic properties of PGS/gel. This could be sensed clearly in hybrid composite due to the robust network of GO and clay. Water contact angle values for gelatin-contained nanocomposites were reported in the range of 38.42° to 66.7°, indicating the hydrophilic nature of the prepared samples. Thermal and mechanical studies of nanocomposites displayed rather contradicting results as the former improved while a slight decrease in the latter was noticed compared to the pristine specimens. In dry conditions, their storage modulus was in the range of 0.94-6.4 MPa, making them suitable for mimicking some soft tissues. The swelling ratio for nanocomposites containing nanoparticles was associated with an ascending trend so that GO improved the swelling rate by up to 45%. Biological analyses, such as Ames and in vitro cell viability tests, exhibited promising outcomes. As for the mutagenesis effect, the PGS and hybrid samples showed negative results. The presence of functional groups on the nanofillers' surface positively influenced the cells' metabolic activity as well as its attachment to the matrix. After 7 days, the cell proliferation rate resulted in an 82% improvement for the GO-containing nanocomposite, significantly higher than its neat counterpart (65%). This study has shown the feasibility of the prepared bio-elastomer nanocomposites for diverse tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Golbaten-Mofrad
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Salehi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Jafari
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahabodin Goodarzi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Yeh YY, Tsai YT, Wu CY, Tu LH, Bai MY, Yeh YC. The role of aldehyde-functionalized crosslinkers on the property of chitosan hydrogels. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2100477. [PMID: 35103401 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
XXXX This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yu Yeh
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hsien Tu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yi Bai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,Biomedical Engineering Program, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,Adjunct Appointment to the Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheun Yeh
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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9
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Sha D, Wu Z, Zhang J, Ma Y, Yang Z, Yuan Y. Development of modified and multifunctional poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS)-based biomaterials for biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Siehr A, Flory C, Callaway T, Schumacher RJ, Siegel RA, Shen W. Implantable and Degradable Thermoplastic Elastomer. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5598-5610. [PMID: 34788004 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable and implantable materials having elastomeric properties are highly desirable for many biomedical applications. Here, we report that poly(lactide)-co-poly(β-methyl-δ-valerolactone)-co-poly(lactide) (PLA-PβMδVL-PLA), a thermoplastic triblock poly(α-ester), has combined favorable properties of elasticity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. This material exhibits excellent elastomeric properties in both dry and aqueous environments. The elongation at break is approximately 1000%, and stretched specimens completely recover to their original shape after force is removed. The material is degradable both in vitro and in vivo; it degrades more slowly than poly(glycerol sebacate) and more rapidly than poly(caprolactone) in vivo. Both the polymer and its degradation product show high cytocompatibility in vitro. The histopathological analysis of PLA-PβMδVL-PLA specimens implanted in the gluteal muscle of rats for 1, 4, and 8 weeks revealed similar tissue responses as compared with poly(glycerol sebacate) and poly(caprolactone) controls, two widely accepted implantable polymers, suggesting that PLA-PβMδVL-PLA can potentially be used as an implantable material with favorable in vivo biocompatibility. The thermoplastic nature allows this elastomer to be readily processed, as demonstrated by the facile fabrication of the substrates with topographical cues to enhance muscle cell alignment. These properties collectively make this polymer potentially highly valuable for applications such as medical devices and tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Siehr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 312 Church St. SE, 7-105 Nils Hasselmo Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Flory
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Minnesota, Phillips-Wangensteen Building 516 Delaware St. SE, MMC 367, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Trenton Callaway
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 312 Church St. SE, 7-105 Nils Hasselmo Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Robert J Schumacher
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Minnesota, Phillips-Wangensteen Building 516 Delaware St. SE, MMC 367, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 7-115 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ronald A Siegel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 312 Church St. SE, 7-105 Nils Hasselmo Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St. SE, Room 9-177 Weaver Densford Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, 725 Mayo Memorial Building, MMC 609, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 312 Church St. SE, 7-105 Nils Hasselmo Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, 725 Mayo Memorial Building, MMC 609, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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11
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Wang CC, Chen JY, Wang J. The selection of photoinitiators for photopolymerization of biodegradable polymers and its application in digital light processing additive manufacturing. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:204-216. [PMID: 34397160 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Digital light processing additive manufacturing (DLP-AM) technology has received a lot of attention in the field of biomedical engineering due to its high precision and customizability. However, some photoinitiators, as one of the key components in DLP-AM, may present toxicity and limit the application of DLP-AM toward biomedical applications. In order to gain further insights into the correlation between biocompatibility and photoinitiators in photoresins, a study on the selection of photoinitiators used in DLP-AM is conducted. The light absorbance range and cytocompatibility of four photoinitiators, vitamin B2 combined with triethanolamine (B2/TEOA), diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO), 2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA), and 2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (I2959), are characterized. Each photoinitiator is then combined with poly(glycerol sebacate) acrylate (PGSA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) diacrylate (PCLDA), to evaluate their miscibility and film formation ability through photopolymerization. The mechanical properties, in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility studies on bulk films are investigated. It is found that B2/TEOA and TPO exhibit a wider light absorbance range than I2959 and DMPA. PGSA films with B2/TEOA (PGSA-B2/TEOA) is capable of sustaining cell proliferation up to 10 days and showing low immune responses after 14 days post implantation, proving its biocompatibility. Although B2/TEOA requires longer photopolymerization time, the mechanical strength of PGSA-B2/TEOA is comparable to PGSA films with TPO and DMPA, and this combination is 3D-printable through DLP-AM at the rate of 100 s per layer. In summary, B2/TEOA is a promising photoinitiator for 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - June-Yo Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jane Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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12
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Vogt L, Ruther F, Salehi S, Boccaccini AR. Poly(Glycerol Sebacate) in Biomedical Applications-A Review of the Recent Literature. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002026. [PMID: 33733604 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) continues to attract attention for biomedical applications owing to its favorable combination of properties. Conventionally polymerized by a two-step polycondensation of glycerol and sebacic acid, variations of synthesis parameters, reactant concentrations or by specific chemical modifications, PGS materials can be obtained exhibiting a wide range of physicochemical, mechanical, and morphological properties for a variety of applications. PGS has been extensively used in tissue engineering (TE) of cardiovascular, nerve, cartilage, bone and corneal tissues. Applications of PGS based materials in drug delivery systems and wound healing are also well documented. Research and development in the field of PGS continue to progress, involving mainly the synthesis of modified structures using copolymers, hybrid, and composite materials. Moreover, the production of self-healing and electroactive materials has been introduced recently. After almost 20 years of research on PGS, previous publications have outlined its synthesis, modification, properties, and biomedical applications, however, a review paper covering the most recent developments in the field is lacking. The present review thus covers comprehensively literature of the last five years on PGS-based biomaterials and devices focusing on advanced modifications of PGS for applications in medicine and highlighting notable advances of PGS based systems in TE and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Vogt
- Institute of Biomaterials University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - Florian Ruther
- Institute of Biomaterials University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Chair of Biomaterials University of Bayreuth Bayreuth 95447 Germany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen 91058 Germany
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13
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Risley BB, Ding X, Chen Y, Miller PG, Wang Y. Citrate Crosslinked Poly(Glycerol Sebacate) with Tunable Elastomeric Properties. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2000301. [PMID: 33205616 PMCID: PMC8360362 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Poly(glycerol-sebacate) (PGS) is a biodegradable elastomer known for its mechanical properties and biocompatibility for soft tissue engineering. However, harsh thermal crosslinking conditions are needed to make PGS devices. To facilitate the thermal crosslinking, citric acid is explored as a crosslinker to form poly(glycerol sebacate citrate) (PGSC) elastomers. The effects of varying citrate contents and curing times are investigated on the mechanical properties, elasticity, degradation, and hydrophilicity. To examine the potential presence of unreacted citric acid, material acidity is monitored in relation to the citrate content and curing times. It is discovered that a low citrate content and a short curing time produce PGSC with tunable mechanical characteristics similar to PGS with enhanced elasticity. The materials demonstrate good cytocompatibility with human umbilical vein endothelial cells similar to the PGS control. The research study suggests that PGSC is a potential candidate for large-scale biomedical applications because of the quick thermal crosslink and tunable elastomeric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon B. Risley
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 277 Kimball Hall, 134 Hollister Drive, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Xiaochu Ding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 277 Kimball Hall, 134 Hollister Drive, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Ying Chen
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 277 Kimball Hall, 134 Hollister Drive, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Paula G. Miller
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 277 Kimball Hall, 134 Hollister Drive, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Yadong Wang
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 277 Kimball Hall, 134 Hollister Drive, Ithaca, NY 14853
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14
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Fu J, Ding X, Stowell CET, Wu YL, Wang Y. Slow degrading poly(glycerol sebacate) derivatives improve vascular graft remodeling in a rat carotid artery interposition model. Biomaterials 2020; 257:120251. [PMID: 32738658 PMCID: PMC8422746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Porous synthetic grafts made of poly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS) can transform into autologous vascular conduits in vivo upon degradation of PGS. A long-held doctrine in tissue engineering is the necessity to match degradation of the scaffolds to tissue regeneration. Here, we tested the impact of degradation of PGS and its derivative in an interposition model of rat common carotid artery (CCA). Previous work indicates a complete degradation of PGS within approximately 2 weeks, likely at the fast end of the spectrum. Thus, the derivation of PGS focuses on delay degradation by conjugating the free hydroxy groups in PGS with a long chain carboxylic acid: palmitic acid, one of the most common lipid components. We evaluated two of the resultant palmitate-PGS (PPGS) in this study: one containing 9% palmitate (9-PPGS) and the other16% palmitate (16-PPGS). 16-PPGS grafts had the highest patency. Ultrasound imaging showed that the lumens of 16-PPGS grafts were similar to CCA and smaller than 9-PPGS and PGS grafts 12 weeks post-operation. Immunohistological and histological examination showed an endothelialized lumens in all three types of grafts within 4 weeks. Inflammatory responses to 16-PPGS grafts were limited to the adventitial space in contrast to a more diffusive infiltration in 9-PPGS and PGS grafts in week 4. Examination of calponin+ and αSMA+ cells revealed that 16-PPGS grafts remodeled into a distinctive bi-layered wall, while the walls of 9-PPGS grafts and PGS grafts only had one thick layer of smooth muscle-like cells. Correspondingly, the expression of collagen III and elastin displayed an identical layered structure in the remodeled 16-PPGS grafts, in contrast to a more spread distribution in 9-PPGS and PGS grafts. All the three types of grafts exhibited the same collagen content and burst pressure after 12 weeks of host remodeling. However, the compliance and elastin content of 16-PPGS grafts in week 12 were closest to those of CCA. Overall, placing the degradation of PGS derived elastomer to a window of 4-12 weeks results in vascular conduits closer to arteries in a rat carotid artery interposition model over a 12-week observation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Fu
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xiaochu Ding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Chelsea E T Stowell
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yen-Lin Wu
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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15
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Ding X, Chen Y, Chao CA, Wu Y, Wang Y. Control the Mechanical Properties and Degradation of Poly(Glycerol Sebacate) by Substitution of the Hydroxyl Groups with Palmitates. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000101. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochu Ding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University 277 Kimball Hall 134 Hollister Drive Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University 277 Kimball Hall 134 Hollister Drive Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Corson Andrew Chao
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University 277 Kimball Hall 134 Hollister Drive Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Yen‐Lin Wu
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University 277 Kimball Hall 134 Hollister Drive Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University 277 Kimball Hall 134 Hollister Drive Ithaca NY 14853 USA
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16
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Ding X, Gao J, Acharya AP, Wu YL, Little SR, Wang Y. Azido-Functionalized Polyurethane Designed for Making Tunable Elastomers by Click Chemistry. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:852-864. [PMID: 33464838 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane is an important biomaterial with wide applications in biomedical engineering. Here, we report a new method to make an azido-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer with no need of postmodification. This prepolymer can easily form stable porous elastomers through click chemistry for cross-linking, instead of using a toxic polyisocyanate. The mechanical properties can be modulated by simply adjusting either the prepolymer concentrations or azido/alkyne ratios for cross-linking. Young's modulus therefore varies from 0.52 to 2.02 MPa for the porous elastomers. When the azido-functionalized polyurethane elastomer is made with a compact structure, Young's modulus increases up to 28.8 MPa at 0-15% strain. The strain at break reaches 150% that is comparable to the commercially resourced Nylon-12. Both the porous and compact elastomers could undergo reversible elastic deformations for at least 200 and 1000 cycles, respectively, within 20% strain without failure. The material showed a considerable stability against erosion in a basic solution. In vivo biocompatibility study demonstrated no degradation by subcutaneous implantation in mice over 2 months. The implant induced only a mild inflammatory response and fibrotic capsule. This material might be useful to make elastomeric components of biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochu Ding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 277 Kimball Hall, Hollister Drive 134, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jin Gao
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 335 Sutherland Drive, 522 Salk Pavilion, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Abhinav P Acharya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Yen-Lin Wu
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 277 Kimball Hall, Hollister Drive 134, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 940 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Yadong Wang
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 277 Kimball Hall, Hollister Drive 134, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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17
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Saudi A, Amini S, Amirpour N, Kazemi M, Zargar Kharazi A, Salehi H, Rafienia M. Promoting neural cell proliferation and differentiation by incorporating lignin into electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(glycerol sebacate) fibers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:110005. [PMID: 31499996 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning of natural and synthetic polymers open a new practical approach to tissue engineering by producing fibers. In this study, aligned electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) fibers with various percentages of lignin (0, 1, 3, and 5%wt) fabricated for nerve tissue engineering. The effect of the different amount of lignin on the morphology and diameter of the fibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physicochemical properties of fibers were studied using FTIR, tensile strain, contact angle, water uptake, and degradation test. MTT assay and SEM were employed to evaluate PC12 cell proliferation and adhesion, respectively. Immunocytochemistry and gene expression were utilized to study how the lignin affected on cell differentiation. The results revealed the smooth with a uniform diameter of the fabricated fibers, and the increased amount of lignin reduced the fiber diameter from 530 to 370 nm. The modulus of elasticity increased from 0.1 to 0.4 MPa by increasing the lignin percentage. The PC12 cell culture indicated that the lignin enhanced cell proliferation. The mRNA expression level for Gfap, β-Tub III, and Map2 and immunocytochemistry (Map2) revealed the positive effect of lignin on neural cell differentiation. Finally, the results suggest PVA-PGS/5% lignin as a promising material for nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Saudi
- Student Research Committee, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahram Amini
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Amirpour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Anousheh Zargar Kharazi
- Department of Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Biosensor Research Center, Department of Advanced Medical Technology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rafienia
- Department of Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Biosensor Research Center, Department of Advanced Medical Technology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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18
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Li Y, Li N, Ge J, Xue Y, Niu W, Chen M, Du Y, Ma PX, Lei B. Biodegradable thermal imaging-tracked ultralong nanowire-reinforced conductive nanocomposites elastomers with intrinsical efficient antibacterial and anticancer activity for enhanced biomedical application potential. Biomaterials 2019; 201:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Saudi A, Rafienia M, Zargar Kharazi A, Salehi H, Zarrabi A, Karevan M. Design and fabrication of poly (glycerol sebacate)‐based fibers for neural tissue engineering: Synthesis, electrospinning, and characterization. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Saudi
- Department of Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineIsfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Mohammad Rafienia
- Biosensor Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Anousheh Zargar Kharazi
- Department of Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineIsfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & TechnologiesUniversity of Isfahan Isfahan Iran
| | - Mehdi Karevan
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
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20
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Li Y, Guo Y, Niu W, Chen M, Xue Y, Ge J, Ma PX, Lei B. Biodegradable Multifunctional Bioactive Glass-Based Nanocomposite Elastomers with Controlled Biomineralization Activity, Real-Time Bioimaging Tracking, and Decreased Inflammatory Response. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17722-17731. [PMID: 29737839 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Controlled biomineralization activity of biomaterials is rather important in bone regeneration and osseointegration avoiding the formation of fibrous capsule. However, most of conventional biodegradable elastomeric biomaterials for bone regeneration do not possess biomineralization ability and inherent multifunctional properties. Herein, we report a multifunctional bioactive glass (BG)-based hybrid poly(citrate-siloxane) (PCS) elastomer with intrinsical biomineralization activity and photoluminescent properties for potential bone tissue regeneration. Monodispersed BG nanoparticles (BGNs) were used to control the elastomeric behavior, biomineralization activity, photoluminescent ability, and osteogenic cellular response of PCS elastomers. BGNs significantly enhanced the elastomeric modulus of PCS from 20 to 200 MPa (10 times improvement) and the hydrophilicity (from 82° to 28° in water contact angle). The photoluminescent properties of PCS elastomers were also tailored through the incorporation of BGNs. The in vivo degradation of PCS-BGN nanocomposites could be efficiently tracked through noninvasively monitoring their fluorescent change. PCS-BGN nanocomposites enhanced the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) and decreased the in vivo inflammatory response. This study provided a novel tactics for designing the bioactive elastomeric biomaterials with multifunctional properties for bone regeneration medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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21
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Farmer TJ, Comerford JW, Pellis A, Robert T. Post-polymerization modification of bio-based polymers: maximizing the high functionality of polymers derived from biomass. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Farmer
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington UK
| | - James W Comerford
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington UK
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington UK
| | - Tobias Robert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research - Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut WKI, Bienroder Weg 54E; Braunschweig Germany
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