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Robinson AD, Hill-Casey F, Duckett SB, Halse ME. Quantitative reaction monitoring using parahydrogen-enhanced benchtop NMR spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14317-14328. [PMID: 38695736 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06221j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The parahydrogen-induced polarisation (PHIP) NMR signal enhancement technique is used to study H2 addition to Vaska's complex (trans-[IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2]) with both standard high-field (9.4 T) NMR and benchtop (1 T) NMR detection. Accurate and repeatable rate constants of (0.84 ± 0.03) dm3 mol-1 s-1 and (0.89 ± 0.03) dm3 mol-1 s-1 were obtained for this model system using standard high-field and benchtop NMR, respectively. The high-field NMR approach is shown to be susceptible to systematic errors associated with interference from non-hyperpolarised signals, which can be overcome through a multiple-quantum filtered acquisition scheme. This challenge is avoided when using benchtop NMR detection because the non-hyperpolarised signals are much weaker due to the lower magnetic field, enabling the use of a simpler and more efficient single RF pulse detection scheme. Method validation against several experimental parameters (NMR relaxation, %pH2 enrichment and temperature) demonstrates the robustness of the benchtop NMR approach but also highlights the need for sample temperature control throughout reaction monitoring. A simple temperature equilibration protocol, coupled with use of an insulated sample holder while manipulating the sample outside the spectrometer, is found to provide sufficient temperature stabilisation to ensure that accurate and repeatable rate constants are obtained. Finally, the benchtop NMR reaction monitoring protocol is applied to the analysis of a complex mixture, where multiple reaction products form simultaneously. H2 addition to a mixture of three Vaska's complex derivatives was monitored, revealing the presence of competitive reaction pathways within the mixture.
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Silva Terra AI, Rossetto M, Dickson CL, Peat G, Uhrín D, Halse ME. Enhancing 19F Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy by Combining para-Hydrogen Hyperpolarization and Multiplet Refocusing. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:73-81. [PMID: 36817010 PMCID: PMC9936801 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Benchtop NMR spectrometers provide a promising alternative to high-field NMR for applications that are limited by instrument size and/or cost. 19F benchtop NMR is attractive due to the larger chemical shift range of 19F relative to 1H and the lack of background signal in most applications. However, practical applications of benchtop 19F NMR are limited by its low sensitivity due to the relatively weak field strengths of benchtop NMR spectrometers. Here we present a sensitivity-enhancement strategy that combines SABRE (Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange) hyperpolarization with the multiplet refocusing method SHARPER (Sensitive, Homogeneous, And Resolved PEaks in Real time). When applied to a range of fluoropyridines, SABRE-SHARPER achieves overall signal enhancements of up to 5700-fold through the combined effects of hyperpolarization and line-narrowing. This approach can be generalized to the analysis of mixtures through the use of a selective variant of the SHARPER sequence, selSHARPER. The ability of SABRE-selSHARPER to simultaneously boost sensitivity and discriminate between two components of a mixture is demonstrated, where selectivity is achieved through a combination of selective excitation and the choice of polarization transfer field during the SABRE step.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claire L. Dickson
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - George Peat
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Dušan Uhrín
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Meghan E. Halse
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, YorkYO10 5DD, U.K.
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3
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Dumez JN. NMR methods for the analysis of mixtures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13855-13872. [PMID: 36458684 PMCID: PMC9753098 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is a powerful approach for the analysis of mixtures. Its usefulness arises in large part from the vast landscape of methods, and corresponding pulse sequences, that have been and are being designed to tackle the specific properties of mixtures of small molecules. This feature article describes a selection of methods that aim to address the complexity, the low concentrations, and the changing nature that mixtures can display. These notably include pure-shift and diffusion NMR methods, hyperpolarisation methods, and fast 2D NMR methods such as ultrafast 2D NMR and non-uniform sampling. Examples or applications are also described, in fields such as reaction monitoring and metabolomics, to illustrate the relevance and limitations of different methods.
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4
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Fear EJ, Kennerley AJ, Rayner PJ, Norcott P, Roy SS, Duckett SB. SABRE hyperpolarized anticancer agents for use in
1
H MRI. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:11-27. [PMID: 35253267 PMCID: PMC9310590 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Enabling drug tracking (distribution/specific pathways) with magnetic resonance spectroscopy requires manipulation (via hyperpolarization) of spin state populations and targets with sufficiently long magnetic lifetimes to give the largest possible window of observation. Here, we demonstrate how the proton resonances of a group of thienopyridazines (with known anticancer properties), can be amplified using the para‐hydrogen (p‐H2) based signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) hyperpolarization technique. Methods Thienopyridazine isomers, including a 2H version, were synthesized in house. Iridium‐based catalysts dissolved in a methanol‐d4 solvent facilitated polarization transfer from p‐H2 gas to the target thienopyridazines. Subsequent SABRE 1H responses of hyperpolarized thienopyridazines were completed (400 MHz NMR). Pseudo‐singlet state approaches were deployed to extend magnetic state lifetimes. Proof of principle spectral‐spatial images were acquired across a range of field strengths (7T‐9.4T MRI). Results 1H‐NMR signal enhancements of −10,130‐fold at 9.4T (~33% polarization) were achieved on thieno[2,3‐d]pyridazine (T[2,3‐d]P), using SABRE under optimal mixing/field transfer conditions. 1H T1 lifetimes for the thienopyridazines were ~18‐50 s. Long‐lived state approaches extended the magnetic lifetime of target proton sites in T[2,3‐d]P from an average of 25‐40 seconds. Enhanced in vitro imaging (spatial and chemical shift based) of target T[2,3‐d]P was demonstrated. Conclusion Here, we demonstrate the power of SABRE to deliver a fast and cost‐effective route to hyperpolarization of important chemical motifs of anticancer agents. The SABRE approach outlined here lays the foundations for realizing continuous flow, hyperpolarized tracking of drug delivery/pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aneurin J. Kennerley
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM) University of York York United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Rayner
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM) University of York York United Kingdom
| | - Philip Norcott
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - Soumya S. Roy
- School of Chemistry University of Southampton Southampton United Kingdom
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL) Salisbury United Kingdom
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM) University of York York United Kingdom
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5
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Eills J, Hale W, Utz M. Synergies between Hyperpolarized NMR and Microfluidics: A Review. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 128:44-69. [PMID: 35282869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance and lab-on-a-chip microfluidics are two dynamic, but until recently quite distinct, fields of research. Recent developments in both areas increased their synergistic overlap. By microfluidic integration, many complex experimental steps can be brought together onto a single platform. Microfluidic devices are therefore increasingly finding applications in medical diagnostics, forensic analysis, and biomedical research. In particular, they provide novel and powerful ways to culture cells, cell aggregates, and even functional models of entire organs. Nuclear magnetic resonance is a non-invasive, high-resolution spectroscopic technique which allows real-time process monitoring with chemical specificity. It is ideally suited for observing metabolic and other biological and chemical processes in microfluidic systems. However, its intrinsically low sensitivity has limited its application. Recent advances in nuclear hyperpolarization techniques may change this: under special circumstances, it is possible to enhance NMR signals by up to 5 orders of magnitude, which dramatically extends the utility of NMR in the context of microfluidic systems. Hyperpolarization requires complex chemical and/or physical manipulations, which in turn may benefit from microfluidic implementation. In fact, many hyperpolarization methodologies rely on processes that are more efficient at the micro-scale, such as molecular diffusion, penetration of electromagnetic radiation into a sample, or restricted molecular mobility on a surface. In this review we examine the confluence between the fields of hyperpolarization-enhanced NMR and microfluidics, and assess how these areas of research have mutually benefited one another, and will continue to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55090 Mainz, Germany; GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - William Hale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Marcel Utz
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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6
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Schmidt AB, Bowers CR, Buckenmaier K, Chekmenev EY, de Maissin H, Eills J, Ellermann F, Glöggler S, Gordon JW, Knecht S, Koptyug IV, Kuhn J, Pravdivtsev AN, Reineri F, Theis T, Them K, Hövener JB. Instrumentation for Hydrogenative Parahydrogen-Based Hyperpolarization Techniques. Anal Chem 2022; 94:479-502. [PMID: 34974698 PMCID: PMC8784962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B. Schmidt
- Department of Radiology – Medical Physics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - C. Russell Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 2001 Museum Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskiy Prospect, 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Henri de Maissin
- Department of Radiology – Medical Physics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - James Eills
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55090 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group Max Planck Institutefor Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | | | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Jule Kuhn
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Via Nizza 52, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Thomas Theis
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kolja Them
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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7
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Rapid SABRE Catalyst Scavenging Using Functionalized Silicas. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020332. [PMID: 35056646 PMCID: PMC8778821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years the NMR hyperpolarisation method signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) has been applied to multiple substrates of potential interest for in vivo investigation. Unfortunately, SABRE commonly requires an iridium-containing catalyst that is unsuitable for biomedical applications. This report utilizes inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to investigate the potential use of metal scavengers to remove the iridium catalytic species from the solution. The most sensitive iridium emission line at 224.268 nm was used in the analysis. We report the effects of varying functionality, chain length, and scavenger support identity on iridium scavenging efficiency. The impact of varying the quantity of scavenger utilized is reported for the three scavengers with the highest iridium removed from initial investigations: 3-aminopropyl (S1), 3-(imidazole-1-yl)propyl (S4), and 2-(2-pyridyl) (S5) functionalized silica gels. Exposure of an activated SABRE sample (1.6 mg mL-1 of iridium catalyst) to 10 mg of the most promising scavenger (S5) resulted in <1 ppm of iridium being detectable by ICP-OES after 2 min of exposure. We propose that combining the approach described herein with other recently reported approaches, such as catalyst separated-SABRE (CASH-SABRE), would enable the rapid preparation of a biocompatible SABRE hyperpolarized bolus.
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8
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Jeong HJ, Min S, Kim S, Namgoong SK, Jeong K. Hyperpolarization study on remdesivir with its biological reaction monitoring via signal amplification by reversible exchange. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4377-4381. [PMID: 35425403 PMCID: PMC8981083 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00062h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our experiments indicate hyperpolarized proton signals in the entire structure of remdesivir are obtained due to a long-distance polarization transfer by para-hydrogen. SABRE-based biological real-time reaction monitoring, by using a protein enzyme under mild conditions is carried out. It represents the first successful para-hydrogen based hyperpolarization application in biological reaction monitoring. Hyperpolarized proton signals in the entire structure of remdesivir are obtained due to a long-distance polarization transfer by para-hydrogen. Biological real-time reaction monitoring, by using a protein enzyme under mild conditions is carried out.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Jeong
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
| | - Sein Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Sarah Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Sung Keon Namgoong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Keunhong Jeong
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
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9
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Lin K, TomHon P, Lehmkuhl S, Laasner R, Theis T, Blum V. Density Functional Theory Study of Reaction Equilibria in Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1937-1938. [PMID: 34617650 PMCID: PMC8725239 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Thomas Theis (North Carolina State University) Prof. Volker Blum (Duke University). The image shows the reaction network of Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE), elucidated by density functional theory (DFT). Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/cphc.202100204.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailai Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Raul Laasner
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC, Chapel Hill, and NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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10
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Lin K, TomHon P, Lehmkuhl S, Laasner R, Theis T, Blum V. Density Functional Theory Study of Reaction Equilibria in Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1947-1957. [PMID: 34549869 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An in-depth theoretical analysis of key chemical equilibria in Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is provided, employing density functional theory calculations to characterize the likely reaction network. For all reactions in the network, the potential energy surface is probed to identify minimum energy pathways. Energy barriers and transition states are calculated, and harmonic transition state theory is applied to calculate exchange rates that approximate experimental values. The reaction network energy surface can be modulated by chemical potentials that account for the dependence on concentration, temperature, and partial pressure of molecular constituents (hydrogen, methanol, pyridine) supplied to the experiment under equilibrium conditions. We show that, under typical experimental conditions, the Gibbs free energies of the two key states involved in pyridine-hydrogen exchange at the common Ir-IMes catalyst system in methanol are essentially the same, i. e., nearly optimal for SABRE. We also show that a methanol-containing intermediate is plausible as a transient species in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailai Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Raul Laasner
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC, Chapel Hill, and NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.,Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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11
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Them K, Ellermann F, Pravdivtsev AN, Salnikov OG, Skovpin IV, Koptyug IV, Herges R, Hövener JB. Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization Relayed via Proton Exchange. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13694-13700. [PMID: 34406748 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The hyperpolarization of nuclear spins is a game-changing technology that enables hitherto inaccessible applications for magnetic resonance in chemistry and biomedicine. Despite significant advances and discoveries in the past, however, the quest to establish efficient and effective hyperpolarization methods continues. Here, we describe a new method that combines the advantages of direct parahydrogenation, high polarization (P), fast reaction, and low cost with the broad applicability of polarization transfer via proton exchange. We identified the system propargyl alcohol + pH2 → allyl alcohol to yield 1H polarization in excess of P ≈ 13% by using only 50% enriched pH2 at a pressure of ≈1 bar. The polarization was then successfully relayed via proton exchange from allyl alcohol to various target molecules. The polarizations of water and alcohols (as target molecules) approached P ≈ 1% even at high molar concentrations of 100 mM. Lactate, glucose, and pyruvic acid were also polarized, but to a lesser extent. Several potential improvements of the methodology are discussed. Thus, the parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization relayed via proton exchange (PHIP-X) is a promising approach to polarize numerous molecules which participate in proton exchange and support new applications for magnetic resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolja Them
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein and Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein and Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein and Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 4 Acad. Lavrentiev pr., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ivan V Skovpin
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein and Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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12
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Ellermann F, Pravdivtsev A, Hövener JB. Open-source, partially 3D-printed, high-pressure (50-bar) liquid-nitrogen-cooled parahydrogen generator. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2021; 2:49-62. [PMID: 37904754 PMCID: PMC10539807 DOI: 10.5194/mr-2-49-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The signal of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude using hyperpolarization. In comparison to a broadly used dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) technique that is already used in clinical trials, the parahydrogen (p H2 ) -based hyperpolarization approaches are less cost-intensive, are scalable, and offer high throughput. However, a p H2 generator is necessary. Available commercial p H2 generators are relatively expensive (EUR 10 000-150 000). To facilitate the spread of p H2 -based hyperpolarization studies, here we provide the blueprints and 3D models as open-source for a low-cost (EUR < 3000 ) 50-bar liquid-nitrogen-cooled p H2 generator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frowin Ellermann
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence
Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University
Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Andrey Pravdivtsev
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence
Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University
Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence
Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University
Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel 24118, Germany
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13
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Tickner BJ, Ahwal F, Whitwood AC, Duckett SB. Reversible Hyperpolarization of Ketoisocaproate Using Sulfoxide-containing Polarization Transfer Catalysts. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:13-17. [PMID: 33196137 PMCID: PMC7839500 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The substrate scope of sulfoxide-containing magnetisation transfer catalysts is extended to hyperpolarize α-ketoisocaproate and α-ketoisocaproate-1-[13 C]. This is achieved by forming [Ir(H)2 (κ2 -ketoisocaproate)(N-heterocyclic carbene)(sulfoxide)] which transfers latent magnetism from p-H2 via the signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) process. The effect of polarization transfer field on the formation of enhanced 13 C magnetization is evaluated. Consequently, performing SABRE in a 0.5 μT field enabled most efficient magnetisation transfer. 13 C NMR signals for α-ketoisocaproate-1-[13 C] in methanol-d4 are up to 985-fold more intense than their traditional Boltzmann derived signal intensity (0.8 % 13 C polarisation). Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals the formation of the novel catalyst decomposition products [Ir(μ-H)(H)2 (IMes)(SO(Ph)(Me)2 )]2 and [(Ir(H)2 (IMes)(SO(Me)2 ))2 (μ-S)] when the sulfoxides methylphenylsulfoxide and dimethylsulfoxide are used respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben. J. Tickner
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic ResonanceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkU.K.YO10 5NY
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkU.K.YO10 5DD
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 300090014OuluFinland
| | - Fadi Ahwal
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic ResonanceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkU.K.YO10 5NY
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkU.K.YO10 5DD
| | | | - Simon B. Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic ResonanceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkU.K.YO10 5NY
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkU.K.YO10 5DD
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14
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Knecht S, Barskiy DA, Buntkowsky G, Ivanov KL. Theoretical description of hyperpolarization formation in the SABRE-relay method. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:164106. [PMID: 33138423 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SABRE (Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange) has become a widely used method for hyper-polarizing nuclear spins, thereby enhancing their Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) signals by orders of magnitude. In SABRE experiments, the non-equilibrium spin order is transferred from parahydrogen to a substrate in a transient organometallic complex. The applicability of SABRE is expanded by the methodology of SABRE-relay in which polarization can be relayed to a second substrate either by direct chemical exchange of hyperpolarized nuclei or by polarization transfer between two substrates in a second organometallic complex. To understand the mechanism of the polarization transfer and study the transfer efficiency, we propose a theoretical approach to SABRE-relay, which can treat both spin dynamics and chemical kinetics as well as the interplay between them. The approach is based on a set of equations for the spin density matrices of the spin systems involved (i.e., SABRE substrates and complexes), which can be solved numerically. Using this method, we perform a detailed study of polarization formation and analyze in detail the dependence of the attainable polarization level on various chemical kinetic and spin dynamic parameters. We foresee the applications of the present approach for optimizing SABRE-relay experiments with the ultimate goal of achieving maximal NMR signal enhancements for substrates of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Knecht
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Danila A Barskiy
- University of California at Berkeley, College of Chemistry and QB3, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Konstantin L Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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15
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Chae H, Min S, Jeong HJ, Namgoong SK, Oh S, Kim K, Jeong K. Organic Reaction Monitoring of a Glycine Derivative Using Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange-Hyperpolarized Benchtop Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10902-10907. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heelim Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Sein Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
| | - Sung Keon Namgoong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Sangwon Oh
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Kiwoong Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
- Deparment of Medical Physics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Keunhong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
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16
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Tickner BJ, Rayner PJ, Duckett SB. Using SABRE Hyperpolarized 13C NMR Spectroscopy to Interrogate Organic Transformations of Pyruvate. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9095-9103. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben. J. Tickner
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Rayner
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, United Kingdom
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17
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Roy SS, Rayner PJ, Burns MJ, Duckett SB. A simple and cost-efficient technique to generate hyperpolarized long-lived 15N- 15N nuclear spin order in a diazine by signal amplification by reversible exchange. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:014201. [PMID: 31914733 PMCID: PMC7351221 DOI: 10.1063/1.5132308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is an inexpensive and simple hyperpolarization technique that is capable of boosting nuclear magnetic resonance sensitivity by several orders of magnitude. It utilizes the reversible binding of para-hydrogen, as hydride ligands, and a substrate of interest to a metal catalyst to allow for polarization transfer from para-hydrogen into substrate nuclear spins. While the resulting nuclear spin populations can be dramatically larger than those normally created, their lifetime sets a strict upper limit on the experimental timeframe. Consequently, short nuclear spin lifetimes are a challenge for hyperpolarized metabolic imaging. In this report, we demonstrate how both hyperpolarization and long nuclear spin lifetime can be simultaneously achieved in nitrogen-15 containing derivatives of pyridazine and phthalazine by SABRE. These substrates were chosen to reflect two distinct classes of 15N2-coupled species that differ according to their chemical symmetry and thereby achieve different nuclear spin lifetimes. The pyridazine derivative proves to exhibit a signal lifetime of ∼2.5 min and can be produced with a signal enhancement of ∼2700. In contrast, while the phthalazine derivative yields a superior 15 000-fold 15N signal enhancement at 11.7 T, it has a much shorter signal lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya S Roy
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Rayner
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Burns
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Simon B Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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18
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Romero JA, Kazimierczuk K, Gołowicz D. Enhancing benchtop NMR spectroscopy by means of sample shifting. Analyst 2020; 145:7406-7411. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01556c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Benchtop NMR sensitivity enhancement by cyclic, mechanical shifting of a sample to preserve high nuclear spin polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Romero
- Centre of New Technologies
- University of Warsaw
- 02-097 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Gołowicz
- Centre of New Technologies
- University of Warsaw
- 02-097 Warsaw
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
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19
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Robertson TBR, Antonides LH, Gilbert N, Benjamin SL, Langley SK, Munro LJ, Sutcliffe OB, Mewis RE. Hyperpolarization of Pyridyl Fentalogues by Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE). ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1375-1382. [PMID: 31844604 PMCID: PMC6892445 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fentanyl, also known as 'jackpot', is a synthetic opiate that is 50-100 times more potent than morphine. Clandestine laboratories produce analogues of fentanyl, known as fentalogues to circumvent legislation regarding its production. Three pyridyl fentalogues were synthesized and then hyperpolarized by signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) to appraise the forensic potential of the technique. A maximum enhancement of -168-fold at 1.4 T was recorded for the ortho pyridyl 1H nuclei. Studies of the activation parameters for the three fentalogues revealed that the ratio of ligand loss trans to hydride and hydride loss in the complex [Ir(IMes)(L)3(H)2]+ (IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazole-2-ylidene) ranged from 0.52 to 1.83. The fentalogue possessing the ratio closest to unity produced the largest enhancement subsequent to performing SABRE at earth's magnetic field. It was possible to hyperpolarize a pyridyl fentalogue selectively from a matrix that consisted largely of heroin (97 : 3 heroin:fentalogue) to validate the use of SABRE as a forensic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. R. Robertson
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St.Manchester, M1 5GDUK
| | - Lysbeth H. Antonides
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St.Manchester, M1 5GDUK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic ScienceUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 5EHUK
| | - Nicolas Gilbert
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St.Manchester, M1 5GDUK
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE)Manchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St.ManchesterM1 5GDUK
| | - Sophie L. Benjamin
- School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamNG11 8NSUK
| | - Stuart K. Langley
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St.Manchester, M1 5GDUK
| | - Lindsey J. Munro
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St.Manchester, M1 5GDUK
| | - Oliver B. Sutcliffe
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St.Manchester, M1 5GDUK
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE)Manchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St.ManchesterM1 5GDUK
| | - Ryan E. Mewis
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St.Manchester, M1 5GDUK
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20
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Hill-Casey F, Sakho A, Mohammed A, Rossetto M, Ahwal F, Duckett SB, John RO, Richardson PM, Virgo R, Halse ME. In Situ SABRE Hyperpolarization with Earth's Field NMR Detection. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224126. [PMID: 31739621 PMCID: PMC6891519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization methods, which increase the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have the potential to expand the range of applications of these powerful analytical techniques and to enable the use of smaller and cheaper devices. The signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) method is of particular interest because it is relatively low-cost, straight-forward to implement, produces high-levels of renewable signal enhancement, and can be interfaced with low-cost and portable NMR detectors. In this work, we demonstrate an in situ approach to SABRE hyperpolarization that can be achieved using a simple, commercially-available Earth’s field NMR detector to provide 1H polarization levels of up to 3.3%. This corresponds to a signal enhancement over the Earth’s magnetic field by a factor of ε > 2 × 108. The key benefit of our approach is that it can be used to directly probe the polarization transfer process at the heart of the SABRE technique. In particular, we demonstrate the use of in situ hyperpolarization to observe the activation of the SABRE catalyst, the build-up of signal in the polarization transfer field (PTF), the dependence of the hyperpolarization level on the strength of the PTF, and the rate of decay of the hyperpolarization in the ultra-low-field regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser Hill-Casey
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; (F.H.-C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.M.R.); (R.V.)
| | - Aminata Sakho
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; (F.H.-C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.M.R.); (R.V.)
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, UK; (F.A.); (S.B.D.); (R.O.J.)
| | - Ahmed Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; (F.H.-C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.M.R.); (R.V.)
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, UK; (F.A.); (S.B.D.); (R.O.J.)
| | - Matheus Rossetto
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; (F.H.-C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.M.R.); (R.V.)
| | - Fadi Ahwal
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, UK; (F.A.); (S.B.D.); (R.O.J.)
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, UK; (F.A.); (S.B.D.); (R.O.J.)
| | - Richard O. John
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, UK; (F.A.); (S.B.D.); (R.O.J.)
| | - Peter M. Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; (F.H.-C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.M.R.); (R.V.)
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, UK; (F.A.); (S.B.D.); (R.O.J.)
| | - Robin Virgo
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; (F.H.-C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.M.R.); (R.V.)
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, UK; (F.A.); (S.B.D.); (R.O.J.)
| | - Meghan E. Halse
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; (F.H.-C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.M.R.); (R.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1904-322853
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21
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Tickner BJ, Lewis JS, John RO, Whitwood AC, Duckett SB. Mechanistic insight into novel sulfoxide containing SABRE polarisation transfer catalysts. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:15198-15206. [PMID: 31576870 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02951f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is a hyperpolarisation technique that commonly uses [Ir(H)2(carbene)(substrate)3]Cl complexes to catalytically transfer magnetisation from para-hydrogen derived hydride ligands to coordinated substrates. Here, we explore the reactivity of a novel class of such catalysts based on sulfoxide containing [IrCl(H)2(carbene)(DMSO)2], which are involved in the hyperpolarisation of pyruvate using SABRE. We probe the reactivity of this species by NMR and DFT and upon reaction with sodium pyruvate establish the formation of two isomers of [Ir(H)2(η2-pyruvate)(DMSO)(IMes)]. Studies with related disodium oxalate yield [Ir2(H)4(IMes)2(DMSO)2(η2-κ2-Oxalate)] that is characterised by NMR and X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Tickner
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, UK.
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22
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Richardson PM, Iali W, Roy SS, Rayner PJ, Halse ME, Duckett SB. Rapid 13C NMR hyperpolarization delivered from para-hydrogen enables the low concentration detection and quantification of sugars. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10607-10619. [PMID: 32110347 PMCID: PMC7020793 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03450a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The monosaccharides glucose and fructose are rapidly detected and quantified by 13C NMR in conjunction with the hyperpolarisation method signal amplification by reversible exchange-relay.
Monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose, are important to life. In this work we highlight how the rapid delivery of improved 13C detectability for sugars by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be achieved using the para-hydrogen based NMR hyperpolarization method SABRE-Relay (Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange-Relay). The significant 13C signal enhancements of 250 at a high field of 9.4 T, and 3100 at a low field of 1 T, enable the detection of trace amounts of these materials as well as the quantification of their tautomeric makeup. Using studies on 13C and 2H isotopically labelled agents we demonstrate how hyperpolarization lifetime (T1) values can be extended, and how singlet states with long lifetimes can be created. The precise quantification of d-glucose-13C6-d7 at the millimolar concentration level is shown to be possible within minutes in conjunction with a linear hyperpolarized response as a function of concentration. In addition to the measurements using labelled materials, low concentration detection is also illustrated for millimolar samples with natural abundance 13C where isomeric form quantification can be achieved with a single transient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Richardson
- The Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance , Department of Chemistry , University of York , UK .
| | - Wissam Iali
- The Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance , Department of Chemistry , University of York , UK .
| | - Soumya S Roy
- The Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance , Department of Chemistry , University of York , UK .
| | - Peter J Rayner
- The Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance , Department of Chemistry , University of York , UK .
| | - Meghan E Halse
- The Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance , Department of Chemistry , University of York , UK .
| | - Simon B Duckett
- The Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance , Department of Chemistry , University of York , UK .
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23
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Lee SJ, Jeong K, Shim JH, Lee HJ, Min S, Chae H, Namgoong SK, Kim K. SQUID-based ultralow-field MRI of a hyperpolarized material using signal amplification by reversible exchange. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12422. [PMID: 31455823 PMCID: PMC6712030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48827-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) technique is a very promising method for increasing magnetic resonance (MR) signals. SABRE can play a particularly large role in studies with a low or ultralow magnetic field because they suffer from a low signal-to-noise ratio. In this work, we conducted real-time superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-based nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in a microtesla-range magnetic field using the SABRE technique after designing a bubble-separated phantom. A maximum enhancement of 2658 for 1H was obtained for pyridine in the SABRE-NMR experiment. A clear SABRE-enhanced MR image of the bubble-separated phantom, in which the para-hydrogen gas was bubbling at only the margin, was successfully obtained at 34.3 μT. The results show that SABRE can be successfully incorporated into an ultralow-field MRI system, which enables new SQUID-based MRI applications. SABRE can shorten the MRI operation time by more than 6 orders of magnitude and establish a firm basis for future low-field MRI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Joo Lee
- Ultra-low Magnetic Field Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunhong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, 574, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01805, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Shim
- Ultra-low Magnetic Field Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Lee
- Ultra-low Magnetic Field Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.,Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Sein Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, 621, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Heelim Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, 621, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Keon Namgoong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, 621, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwoong Kim
- Ultra-low Magnetic Field Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medical Physics, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Stanbury EV, Richardson PM, Duckett SB. Understanding substrate substituent effects to improve catalytic efficiency in the SABRE hyperpolarisation process. Catal Sci Technol 2019; 9:3914-3922. [PMID: 31814960 PMCID: PMC6836623 DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00396g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of parahydrogen based hyperpolarisation in NMR is becoming more widespread due to the rapidly expanding range of suitable target molecules and low-cost of parahydrogen production. Hyperpolarisation via SABRE catalysis employs a metal complex to transfer polarisation from parahydrogen into a substrate whilst they are bound. In this paper we present a quantitative study of substrate-iridium ligation effects by reference to the substrates 4-chloropyridine (A), 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde methyl hemiacetal (B), 4-methylpyridine (C) and 4-methoxypyridine (D), and evaluate the role they play in the SABRE catalysis. Substrates whose substituents enable stronger associations yield slower substrate dissociation rates (k d). A series of variable temperature studies link these exchange rates to optimal SABRE performance and reveal the critical impact of NMR relaxation times (T 1). Longer catalyst residence times are shown to result in shorter substrate T 1 values in solution as binding to iridium promotes relaxation thereby not only reducing SABRE efficiency but decreasing the overall level of achieved hyperpolarisation. Based on these data, a route to achieve more optimal SABRE performance is defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Stanbury
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance , Department of Chemistry , University of York , York , YO10 5NY UK .
| | - Peter M Richardson
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance , Department of Chemistry , University of York , York , YO10 5NY UK .
| | - Simon B Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance , Department of Chemistry , University of York , York , YO10 5NY UK .
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25
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Iali W, Roy SS, Tickner BJ, Ahwal F, Kennerley AJ, Duckett SB. Hyperpolarising Pyruvate through Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10271-10275. [PMID: 31115970 PMCID: PMC7004201 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarisation methods that premagnetise agents such as pyruvate are currently receiving significant attention because they produce sensitivity gains that allow disease tracking and interrogation of cellular metabolism by magnetic resonance. Here, we communicate how signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) can provide strong 13 C pyruvate signal enhancements in seconds through the formation of the novel polarisation transfer catalyst [Ir(H)2 (η2 -pyruvate)(DMSO)(IMes)]. By harnessing SABRE, strong signals for [1-13 C]- and [2-13 C]pyruvate in addition to a long-lived singlet state in the [1,2-13 C2 ] form are readily created; the latter can be observed five minutes after the initial hyperpolarisation step. We also demonstrate how this development may help with future studies of chemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Iali
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM)Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5NYUK
| | - Soumya S. Roy
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM)Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5NYUK
- Present address: Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of ScienceBangalore560012India
| | - Ben J. Tickner
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM)Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5NYUK
| | - Fadi Ahwal
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM)Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5NYUK
| | - Aneurin J. Kennerley
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM)Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5NYUK
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM)Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5NYUK
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Iali W, Roy SS, Tickner BJ, Ahwal F, Kennerley AJ, Duckett SB. Hyperpolarising Pyruvate through Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Iali
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM)Department of ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5NY UK
| | - Soumya S. Roy
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM)Department of ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5NY UK
- Present address: Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Ben J. Tickner
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM)Department of ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5NY UK
| | - Fadi Ahwal
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM)Department of ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5NY UK
| | - Aneurin J. Kennerley
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM)Department of ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5NY UK
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM)Department of ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5NY UK
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Abstract
Benchtop NMR spectrometers with sub-ppm spectral resolution have opened up new opportunities for performing NMR outside of the standard laboratory environment. However, the relatively weak magnetic fields of these devices (1–2 T) results in low sensitivity and significant peak overlap in 1H NMR spectra. Here, we use hyperpolarised 13C{1H} NMR to overcome these challenges. Specifically, we demonstrate the use of the signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) parahydrogen-based hyperpolarisation technique to enhance the sensitivity of natural abundance 1D and 2D 13C{1H} benchtop NMR spectra. We compare two detection methods for SABRE-enhanced 13C NMR and observe an optimal 13C{1H} signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a refocused INEPT approach, where hyperpolarisation is transferred from 1H to 13C. In addition, we exemplify SABRE-enhanced 2D 13C benchtop NMR through the acquisition of a 2D HETCOR spectrum of 260 mM of 4-methylpyridine at natural isotopic abundance in a total experiment time of 69 min. In theory, signal averaging for over 300 days would be required to achieve a comparable SNR for a thermally polarised benchtop NMR spectrum acquired of a sample of the same concentration at natural abundance.
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