1
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Wang S, Khan AA, Teale S, Xu J, Parmar DH, Zhao R, Grater L, Serles P, Zou Y, Filleter T, Seferos DS, Ban D, Sargent EH. Large piezoelectric response in a Jahn-Teller distorted molecular metal halide. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1852. [PMID: 37012239 PMCID: PMC10070272 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Piezoelectric materials convert between mechanical and electrical energy and are a basis for self-powered electronics. Current piezoelectrics exhibit either large charge (d33) or voltage (g33) coefficients but not both simultaneously, and yet the maximum energy density for energy harvesting is determined by the transduction coefficient: d33*g33. In prior piezoelectrics, an increase in polarization usually accompanies a dramatic rise in the dielectric constant, resulting in trade off between d33 and g33. This recognition led us to a design concept: increase polarization through Jahn-Teller lattice distortion and reduce the dielectric constant using a highly confined 0D molecular architecture. With this in mind, we sought to insert a quasi-spherical cation into a Jahn-Teller distorted lattice, increasing the mechanical response for a large piezoelectric coefficient. We implemented this concept by developing EDABCO-CuCl4 (EDABCO = N-ethyl-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium), a molecular piezoelectric with a d33 of 165 pm/V and g33 of ~2110 × 10-3 V m N-1, one that achieved thusly a combined transduction coefficient of 348 × 10-12 m3 J-1. This enables piezoelectric energy harvesting in EDABCO-CuCl4@PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) composite film with a peak power density of 43 µW/cm2 (at 50 kPa), the highest value reported for mechanical energy harvesters based on heavy-metal-free molecular piezoelectric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Asif Abdullah Khan
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Darshan H Parmar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Ruyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Luke Grater
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Peter Serles
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dayan Ban
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada.
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2
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A novel mixed halide co-based hybrid compound: crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and thermal behavior. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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3
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Han K, Ye X, Li B, Wei Z, Wei J, Wang P, Cai H. Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Compound [H 2-1,5-Diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane]ZnBr 4 with Reverse Symmetry Breaking Shows a Switchable Dielectric Anomaly and Robust Second Harmonic Generation Effect. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11859-11865. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keke Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhong Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hu Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Ksiądzyna M, Kinzhybalo V, Bieńko A, Medycki W, Jakubas R, Rajnák C, Boca R, Ozarowski A, Ozerov M, Piecha-Bisiorek A. Symmetry-Breaking Phase Transitions, Dielectric and Magnetic properties of Pyrrolidinium-Tetrahalidocobaltates. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00187j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the physicochemical characteristics of novel Co-based pyrrolidinium analogs: (C4H10N)2CoCl4 (PCC) and (C4H10N)2CoBr4 (PCB). Both compounds consist of the zero-dimensional (OD) anionic network and disordered pyrolidinium cations. The structural...
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5
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Cao T, Xiao H, Xu Z, Ye L, Wang Y, Zhuang X. Two Lead‐Free Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Halides: Exploring Dielectric Switching and Photoluminescence Integrated in Crystals. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng‐Fei Cao
- College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 Fujian China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Hao Xiao
- College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 Fujian China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Zhi‐Huang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Li‐Wang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Yuan‐Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Xin‐Xin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
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6
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Wang YF, Yi XG, Fang XN, Li J, Xu Y, Xie SK. Hydrothermal preparation, crystal structure, a series of properties and theoretical calculation of a novel cadmium compound. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1735430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Feng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiu-Guang Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Niu Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shi-Kun Xie
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi, China
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7
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Deng S, Li J, Chen X, Hou Y, Chen L. A novel ferroelectric based on quinuclidine derivatives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Vassilyeva OY, Buvaylo EA, Kokozay VN, Petrusenko SR, Melnyk AK, Skelton BW. Crystal structure of imidazo[1,5- a]pyridinium-based hybrid salt (C 13H 12N 3) 2[MnCl 4]. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2020; 76:309-313. [PMID: 32148866 PMCID: PMC7057380 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989020001425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new organic-inorganic hybrid salt [L]2[MnCl4] (I) where L + is the 2-methyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridinium cation, is built of discrete organic cations and tetra-chlorido-manganate(II) anions. The L + cation was formed in situ in the oxidative cyclo-condensation of 2-pyridine-carbaldehyde and CH3NH2·HCl in methanol. The structure was refined as a two-component twin using PLATON (Spek, 2020 ▸) to de-twin the data. The twin law (-1 0 0 0 - 1 0 0.5 0 1) was applied in the refinement where the twin component fraction refined to 0.155 (1). The compound crystallizes in the space group P21/c with two crystallographically non-equivalent cations in the asymmetric unit, which possess similar structural conformations. The fused pyridinium and imidazolium rings of the cations are virtually coplanar [dihedral angles are 0.89 (18) and 0.78 (17)°]; the pendant pyridyl rings are twisted by 36.83 (14) and 36.14 (13)° with respect to the planes of the remaining atoms of the cations. The tetra-hedral MnCl4 2- anion is slightly distorted with the Mn-Cl distances falling in the range 2.3469 (10)-2.3941 (9) Å. The distortion value of 0.044 relative to the ideal tetra-hedron was obtained by continuous shape measurement (CShM) analysis. In the crystal, the cations and anions form separate stacks propagating along the a-axis direction. The organic cations display weak π-π stacking. The anions, which are stacked identically one above the other, demonstrate loose packing; the minimum Mn⋯Mn separation in the cation stack is approximately 7.49 Å. The investigation of the fluorescent properties of a powdered sample of (I) showed no emission. X-band EPR data for (I) at 293 and 77 K revealed broad fine structure signals, indicating moderate zero-field splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yu. Vassilyeva
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Elena A. Buvaylo
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir N. Kokozay
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana R. Petrusenko
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Andrii K. Melnyk
- Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 13 General Naumov str., Kyiv 03164, Ukraine
| | - Brian W. Skelton
- School of Molecular Sciences, M310, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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9
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Shi C, Hua M, Gong Z, Ma J, Wang C, Liang H, E D, Qi F, Zhang Y, Ye H. Temperature‐Triggered Switchable Dielectric Constants in Zinc‐Based Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Compounds: (C
3
H
6
NH
2
)
2
[ZnX
4
] (X = Cl and Br). Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shi
- Chaotic Matter Science Research Center Jiangxi University of Science and Technology 330000 Ganzhou Jiangxi China
| | - Miao‐Miao Hua
- Chaotic Matter Science Research Center Jiangxi University of Science and Technology 330000 Ganzhou Jiangxi China
| | - Zhi‐Xin Gong
- Chaotic Matter Science Research Center Jiangxi University of Science and Technology 330000 Ganzhou Jiangxi China
| | - Jia‐Jun Ma
- Chaotic Matter Science Research Center Jiangxi University of Science and Technology 330000 Ganzhou Jiangxi China
| | - Chang‐Feng Wang
- Chaotic Matter Science Research Center Jiangxi University of Science and Technology 330000 Ganzhou Jiangxi China
| | - Hao Liang
- Chaotic Matter Science Research Center Jiangxi University of Science and Technology 330000 Ganzhou Jiangxi China
| | - Dian‐Yu E
- Chaotic Matter Science Research Center Jiangxi University of Science and Technology 330000 Ganzhou Jiangxi China
| | - Fang‐Wei Qi
- Chaotic Matter Science Research Center Jiangxi University of Science and Technology 330000 Ganzhou Jiangxi China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Chaotic Matter Science Research Center Jiangxi University of Science and Technology 330000 Ganzhou Jiangxi China
| | - Heng‐Yun Ye
- Chaotic Matter Science Research Center Jiangxi University of Science and Technology 330000 Ganzhou Jiangxi China
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10
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Crystal structure, phase transitions, optical and electrical properties in a new Cu-halide organic-inorganic hybrid. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Sui Y, Zhang G, Wang W, Hu F, Liu C, Luo D, Liu D. A Semiconducting Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Metal Halide [(C
6
H
15
ClNO)
2
CdBr
4
] with Switchable Dielectric and Large Phase Transition Thermal Hysteresis. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringThe Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry of Jiangxi ProvinceHumic Acid Utilization Engineering Research Center of Jiangxi ProvinceJinggangshan University, Ji'an Jiangxi 343009 P.R. China
| | - Gui‐Xin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringThe Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry of Jiangxi ProvinceHumic Acid Utilization Engineering Research Center of Jiangxi ProvinceJinggangshan University, Ji'an Jiangxi 343009 P.R. China
| | - Wen‐Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringThe Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry of Jiangxi ProvinceHumic Acid Utilization Engineering Research Center of Jiangxi ProvinceJinggangshan University, Ji'an Jiangxi 343009 P.R. China
| | - Fan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringThe Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry of Jiangxi ProvinceHumic Acid Utilization Engineering Research Center of Jiangxi ProvinceJinggangshan University, Ji'an Jiangxi 343009 P.R. China
| | - Cui‐Lian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringThe Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry of Jiangxi ProvinceHumic Acid Utilization Engineering Research Center of Jiangxi ProvinceJinggangshan University, Ji'an Jiangxi 343009 P.R. China
| | - Dan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringThe Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry of Jiangxi ProvinceHumic Acid Utilization Engineering Research Center of Jiangxi ProvinceJinggangshan University, Ji'an Jiangxi 343009 P.R. China
| | - Dong‐Sheng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringThe Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry of Jiangxi ProvinceHumic Acid Utilization Engineering Research Center of Jiangxi ProvinceJinggangshan University, Ji'an Jiangxi 343009 P.R. China
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12
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Chen SP, Wang CF, Zhou HT, Tan YH, Wen HR, Tang YZ. Symmetry breaking and switchable thermal dielectric behaviors triggered by order-disorder phase transition in a neutral co-crystallized organic adduct. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Yuan GJ, Shao DS, Yao ZY, Liu WL, Ren XM. An organometallic half-sandwich supramolecular complex {K(18-Crown-6)(ηn-C6H5B(C6H5)3)} (n = 1–6) exhibiting a reversible breaking-symmetry phase transition and switchable dielectric behaviour. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:16835-16839. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04060e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An organometallic supramolecular crystal of {K(18-crown-6)(ηn-C6H5B(C6H5)3)} (n = 1–6) has a half-sandwich structure and exhibits a reversible breaking-symmetry phase transition and switchable dielectric behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Nanjing
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanjing Xiaozhuang University
- Nanjing 211171
- P. R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Nanjing
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanjing Xiaozhuang University
- Nanjing 211171
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Long Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
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14
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Mei YX, Hua XN, Gao JX, Liao WQ. Switchable dielectric phase transition behaviors in two organic–inorganic copper(ii) halides with distinct coordination geometries. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01263f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two organic–inorganic copper(ii) halides with distinct coordination geometries show noteworthy switchable dielectric phase transition behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xuan Mei
- Department of Basic Medicine
- Yichun Vocational and Technical College
- Yichun 336000
- China
| | - Xiu-Ni Hua
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- P. R. China
| | - Ji-Xing Gao
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- P. R. China
| | - Wei-Qiang Liao
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- P. R. China
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15
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Yuan GJ, Liu SX, Tian ZF, Ren XM. A high temperature reversible phase transition in a supramolecular complex of 15-crown-5 with tetraphenylboron sodium. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02754d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High temperature (391 K) reversible phase transition and large thermal hysteresis (19 K) was observed in 15-crown-5 clathrates: [Na(15-crown-5)][BPh4] (15-crown-5 = 1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane, NaBPh4 = sodium tetraphenylboron).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Nanjing
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanjing Xiaozhuang University
- Nanjing 211171
- P. R. China
| | - Shao-Xian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Nanjing
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanjing Xiaozhuang University
- Nanjing 211171
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Fang Tian
- School of Chemical Engineer
- Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang 438000
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
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