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Zhang Q, Zhao W, He J, He J, Shi S, Sun M, Niu X, Zeng Z, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Wang P, Li Y, Zhang C, Duan S, Hung WL, Wang R. Effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 with galactooligosaccharide synbiotics on obese individuals: an in vitro fermentation model. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5042-5051. [PMID: 38319685 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of synbiotics is emerging as a promising intervention strategy for regulating the gut microbiota and for preventing or reducing obesity, in comparison with the use of probiotics or prebiotics alone. A previous in vivo study revealed that Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 (L. paracasei K56) could alleviate obesity induced in high-fat-diet mice; however, the effect of the synbiotic combination of L. paracasei K56 and prebiotics in obese individuals has not been explored fully. RESULTS The effect of prebiotics on the proliferation of L. paracasei K56 was determined by spectrophotometry. The results showed that polydextrose (PG), xylooligosaccharide (XOS), and galactooligosaccharide (GOS) had a greater potential to be used as substrates for L. paracasei K56 than three other prebiotics (melitose, stachyose, and mannan-oligosaccharide). An in vitro fermentation model based on the feces of ten obese female volunteers was then established. The results revealed that K56_GOS showed a significant increase in GOS degradation rate and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content, and a decrease in gas levels, compared with PG, XOS, GOS, K56_PG, and K56_XOS. Changes in these microbial biomarkers, including a significant increase in Bacteroidota, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Blautia and a decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and Escherichia-Shigella in the K56_GOS group, were associated with increased SCFA content and decreased gas levels. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the effect of the synbiotic combination of L. paracasei K56 and GOS on obese individuals and indicates its potential therapeutic role in obesity treatment. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy Co. Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Jingjing He
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian He
- Inner Mongolia National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy Co. Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Shaoqi Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meiwen Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokang Niu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaozhong Zeng
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Sanhe, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sufang Duan
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei-Lian Hung
- Inner Mongolia National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy Co. Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Probiotics, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Tian Y, Wu G, Zhao X, Zhang H, Ren M, Song X, Chang H, Jing Z. Probiotics combined with atorvastatin administration in the treatment of hyperlipidemia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37883. [PMID: 38788020 PMCID: PMC11124713 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia is a common feature of chronic diseases. The aim of this work was designed to assess the role of probiotics (Lactobacillus casei Zhang, Bifidobactetium animalis subsp. lactis V9, and Lactobacillus plantarum P-8) in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. METHODS Thirty three patients with hyperlipidemia were randomly divided into a probiotic group (n = 18) and a control group (n = 15). The probiotic group was administered probiotics (2 g once daily) and atorvastatin 20 mg (once daily), and the control group was administered a placebo (2 g once daily) and atorvastatin 20 mg (once daily). Serum and fecal samples were gathered for subsequent analyses. RESULTS Time had a significant effect on the total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the probiotic and control groups (P < .05). The gut microbial abundance in the probiotic group was markedly higher than that in the control group following 3-month probiotic treatment (P < .05). At the phylum level, probiotics exerted no notable effects on the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria but elevated that of Tenericutes and reduced Proteobacteria. At the genus level, probiotics increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia, and decreased that of Escherichia, Eggerthella, and Sutterella relative to the control group in months 1, 2, and 3 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Probiotics optimize the gut microbiota structure and decrease the amount of harmful bacteria in patients with hyperlipidemia. Probiotics can influence the composition of gut microorganisms and increase their diversity and abundance in vivo. It is recommended to use probiotics combined with atorvastatin to treat patients with hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Research Center, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingsheng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Research Center, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maojia Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Song
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zelin Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
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Liu X, Chen X, Wang C, Song J, Xu J, Gao Z, Huang Y, Suo H. Mechanisms of probiotic modulation of ovarian sex hormone production and metabolism: a review. Food Funct 2024; 15:2860-2878. [PMID: 38433710 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04345b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Sex hormones play a pivotal role in the growth and development of the skeletal, neurological, and reproductive systems. In women, the dysregulation of sex hormones can result in various health complications such as acne, hirsutism, and irregular menstruation. One of the most prevalent diseases associated with excess androgens is polycystic ovary syndrome with a hyperandrogenic phenotype. Probiotics have shown the potential to enhance the secretion of ovarian sex hormones. However, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Furthermore, comprehensive reviews detailing how probiotics modulate ovarian sex hormones are scarce. This review seeks to shed light on the potential mechanisms through which probiotics influence the production of ovarian sex hormones. The role of probiotics across various biological axes, including the gut-ovarian, gut-brain-ovarian, gut-liver-ovarian, gut-pancreas-ovarian, and gut-fat-ovarian axes, with a focus on the direct impact of probiotics on the ovaries via the gut and their effects on brain gonadotropins is discussed. It is also proposed herein that probiotics can significantly influence the onset, progression, and complications of ovarian sex hormone abnormalities. In addition, this review provides a theoretical basis for the therapeutic application of probiotics in managing sex hormone-related health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Yechuan Huang
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, P. R. China.
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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Duan Y, Wang L, Ma Y, Ning L, Zhang X. A meta-analysis of the therapeutic effect of probiotic intervention in obese or overweight adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1335810. [PMID: 38352715 PMCID: PMC10861773 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1335810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Existing evidence on the possible effects of probiotics on obese or overweight adolescents has not been fully established. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of probiotic supplementation on anthropometric indices, inflammatory markers and metabolic indices in obese or overweight adolescents. Methods The literature up to March 2023 related to probiotic intervention in obese or overweight adolescents was searched and screened from multiple databases, including the CNKI(China national knowledge infrastructure), CBM(Chinese biomedical literature database), PubMed, EmBase, and Cochrane library databases. All randomized controlled trials using probiotic supplements in obese or overweight adolescents were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Results A total of 8 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. There were 201 cases in the experimental group (probiotic treatment) and 190 cases in the control group. Compared to the control group, probiotic intervention in adolescents resulted in a decrease in body mass index, fasting blood glucose and C-reactive protein with WMD(Weighted mean difference) and 95% CI of -2.53 (-4.8 to -0.26) kg/m2, -0.80 (-1.13 to -0.47) mol/L and -0.24 (-0.43 to -0.05) mg/L, respectively. No significant changes were found in weight, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of insulin resistance, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and so on; however, an unfavorable elevated effect in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins was detected with WMD and 95% CI of 0.06 (0.02 to 0.09) mmol/L, 0.18 (0.14 to 0.21) mmol/L, and 0.19 (0.18 to 0.20) mmol/L, respectively. Conclusion According to our results, probiotic supplementation was beneficial in managing metabolic indicators such as fasting blood glucose, body mass index and inflammation-related C-reactive protein in overweight or obese adolescents. Further large scale studies are warranted to confirm present findings and to identify the effects and mechanisms to provide more precise evidence for clinical intervention. Systematic review registration doi: 10.37766/inplasy2024.1.0081, identifier INPLASY202410081.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lanping Wang
- Department of Operating Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Ning
- Department of Case Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
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Yuan L, Li Y, Chen M, Xue L, Wang J, Ding Y, Gu Q, Zhang J, Zhao H, Xie X, Wu Q. Therapeutic applications of gut microbes in cardiometabolic diseases: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:156. [PMID: 38244075 PMCID: PMC10799778 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) encompasses a range of diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Recent findings about CMD's interaction with gut microbiota have broadened our understanding of how diet and nutrition drive microbes to influence CMD. However, the translation of basic research into the clinic has not been smooth, and dietary nutrition and probiotic supplementation have yet to show significant evidence of the therapeutic benefits of CMD. In addition, the published reviews do not suggest the core microbiota or metabolite classes that influence CMD, and systematically elucidate the causal relationship between host disease phenotypes-microbiome. The aim of this review is to highlight the complex interaction of the gut microbiota and their metabolites with CMD progression and to further centralize and conceptualize the mechanisms of action between microbial and host disease phenotypes. We also discuss the potential of targeting modulations of gut microbes and metabolites as new targets for prevention and treatment of CMD, including the use of emerging technologies such as fecal microbiota transplantation and nanomedicine. KEY POINTS: • To highlight the complex interaction of the gut microbiota and their metabolites with CMD progression and to further centralize and conceptualize the mechanisms of action between microbial and host disease phenotypes. • We also discuss the potential of targeting modulations of gut microbes and metabolites as new targets for prevention and treatment of CMD, including the use of emerging technologies such as FMT and nanomedicine. • Our study provides insight into identification-specific microbiomes and metabolites involved in CMD, and microbial-host changes and physiological factors as disease phenotypes develop, which will help to map the microbiome individually and capture pathogenic mechanisms as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qihui Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xinqiang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
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Li Z, Li Y, Pan B, Wang X, Wu Y, Guo K, Yang M, Ma M, Qiao C, Yang K. The Effects of Oral Probiotic Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1567-1582. [PMID: 36576686 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been identified as a unique endocrine organ linked to the development of cardiovascular disease and other illnesses, especially deteriorated in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. The object of this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of oral supplementation with probiotics for overweight and obese postmenopausal women. We performed a systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to April 2022 in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov. We also performed a hand search by reviewing reference lists to identify trials. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB). Two reviewers independently selected studies and collected data. There were 6 studies from 5 RCTs with 281 participants in this systematic review. Compared with the placebo, the probiotics supplementation group had reductions in insulin (MD - 4.20 IU/L (95% CI - 8.11 to - 0.30 IU/L), I2 = 54%), HOMA-IR (MD - 1.25 (95% CI - 2.49 to - 0.01), I2 = 50%), and TNF-α (MD - 0.12 pg/mL (95% CI - 0.22 to - 0.01 pg/mL), I2 = 44%). Improvements were also shown in body adiposity and lipid profile, but these effects were nonsignificant. In addition to body adiposity and cardiovascular risk markers, one trial showed the administration of probiotics also had an effect on iron metabolism. In conclusion, probiotics have a potential benefit on glucose metabolism and inflammatory process in overweight and obese postmenopausal women, but this effect is mild. It demonstrates that oral probiotics supplementation can be a complementary treatment for improving the fitness of postmenopausal women with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Li
- Evidence Based Social Science Research Center/Health Technology Assessment Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bei Pan
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoman Wang
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ke Guo
- Evidence Based Social Science Research Center/Health Technology Assessment Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Minyan Yang
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mina Ma
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chengdong Qiao
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence Based Social Science Research Center/Health Technology Assessment Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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Li J, Yu X, Xu X, Tang P, Bi S, Ren X, Shi Y, Wu J, Lao F. Beneficial effects of fermented jujube pulp in relieving loperamide hydrochloride-induced constipation in male ICR mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Ahmad J, Khan I, Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF. The gut microbiome in the fight against obesity: The potential of dietary factors. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23258. [PMID: 37843880 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300864rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity as a global public health burden has experienced a drastic growing trend recently. The management of obesity is challenging because of its complex etiology, and various factors are involved in its development, such as genetic and environmental factors. Different approaches are available to treat and/or manage obesity, including diet, physical activity, lifestyle changes, medications, and surgery. However, some of these approaches have inherent limitations and are closely associated with adverse effects. Therefore, probing into a novel/safe approach to treat and/or manage obesity is of fundamental importance. One such approach gaining renewed interest is the potential role of gut microbiota in obesity and its effectiveness in treating this condition. However, there is a dearth of comprehensive compilation of data on the potential role of the gut microbiome in obesity, particularly regarding dietary factors as a therapeutic approach. Therefore, this review aims to provide an updated overview of the role of gut microbiota in obesity, further highlighting the importance of dietary factors, particularly diet, prebiotics, and probiotics, as potential complementary and/or alternative therapeutic options. Moreover, the association of gut microbiota with obese or lean individuals has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Ahmad
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
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Kalnina I, Gudra D, Silamikelis I, Viksne K, Roga A, Skinderskis E, Fridmanis D, Klovins J. Variations in the Relative Abundance of Gut Bacteria Correlate with Lipid Profiles in Healthy Adults. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2656. [PMID: 38004667 PMCID: PMC10673050 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a versatile system regulating numerous aspects of host metabolism. Among other traits, variations in the composition of gut microbial communities are related to blood lipid patterns and hyperlipidaemia, yet inconsistent association patterns exist. This study aims to assess the relationships between the composition of the gut microbiome and variations in lipid profiles among healthy adults. This study used data and samples from 23 adult participants of a previously conducted dietary intervention study. Circulating lipid measurements and whole-metagenome sequences of the gut microbiome were derived from 180 blood and faecal samples collected from eight visits distributed across an 11-week study. Lipid-related variables explained approximately 4.5% of the variation in gut microbiome compositions, with higher effects observed for total cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins. Species from the genera Odoribacter, Anaerostipes, and Parabacteroides correlated with increased serum lipid levels, whereas probiotic species like Akkermansia muciniphila were more abundant among participants with healthier blood lipid profiles. An inverse correlation with serum cholesterol was also observed for Massilistercora timonensis, a player in regulating lipid turnover. The observed correlation patterns add to the growing evidence supporting the role of the gut microbiome as an essential regulator of host lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineta Kalnina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre 1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
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10
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The Role of the Gut Microbiome and Trimethylamine Oxide in Atherosclerosis and Age-Related Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032399. [PMID: 36768722 PMCID: PMC9917289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a major role in human health, and gut microbial imbalance or dysbiosis is associated with disease development. Modulation in the gut microbiome can be used to treat or prevent different diseases. Gut dysbiosis increases with aging, and it has been associated with the impairment of gut barrier function leading to the leakage of harmful metabolites such as trimethylamine (TMA). TMA is a gut metabolite resulting from dietary amines that originate from animal-based foods. TMA enters the portal circulation and is oxidized by the hepatic enzyme into trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). Increased TMAO levels have been reported in elderly people. High TMAO levels are linked to peripheral artery disease (PAD), endothelial senescence, and vascular aging. Emerging evidence showed the beneficial role of probiotics and prebiotics in the management of several atherogenic risk factors through the remodeling of the gut microbiota, thus leading to a reduction in TMAO levels and atherosclerotic lesions. Despite the promising outcomes in different studies, the definite mechanisms of gut dysbiosis and microbiota-derived TMAO involved in atherosclerosis remain not fully understood. More studies are still required to focus on the molecular mechanisms and precise treatments targeting gut microbiota and leading to atheroprotective effects.
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Wang X, Li L, Bai M, Zhao J, Sun X, Gao Y, Yu H, Chen X, Zhang C. Dietary supplementation with Tolypocladium sinense mycelium prevents dyslipidemia inflammation in high fat diet mice by modulation of gut microbiota in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:977528. [PMID: 36420262 PMCID: PMC9677100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for many serious health problems, associated with inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and gut dysbiosis. Prevention of obesity is especially important for human health. Tolypocladium sinense is one of the fungi isolated from Chinese caterpillar fungus, which is a traditional Chinese medicine with putative gut microbiota modulation effects. Here, we established a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia mice model, which was supplemented with lyophilized T. sinense mycelium (TSP) daily to evaluate its anti-obesity effects. The results indicated that TSP supplementation can effectively alleviate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress levels caused by obesity. TSP significantly prevented obesity and suppressed dyslipidemia by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism genes in the liver. TSP is also effective in preventing the HFD-induced decline in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content. Gut microbiota profiling showed that TSP supplementation reversed HFD diet-induced bacterial abundance and also altered the metabolic pathways of functional microorganisms, as revealed by KEGG analysis. It is noteworthy that, correlation analysis reveals the up-regulated gut microbiota (Lactobacillus and Prevotella_9) are closely correlated with lipid metabolism parameters, gene expression of liver lipid metabolism and inflammatory. Additionally, the role of TSP in the regulation of lipid metabolism was reconfirmed by fecal microbiota transplantation. To sum up, our results provide the evidence that TSP may be used as prebiotic agents to prevent obesity by altering the gut microbiota, alleviating the inflammatory response and regulating gene expression of liver lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mingjian Bai
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xia Chen
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunjing Zhang
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
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Abriouel H, Manetsberger J, Caballero Gómez N, Benomar N. In silico genomic analysis of the potential probiotic Lactiplantibacillus pentosus CF2-10N reveals promising beneficial effects with health promoting properties. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:989824. [PMID: 36406402 PMCID: PMC9670130 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.989824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus pentosus CF2-10 N, isolated from brines of naturally fermented Aloreña green table olives, exhibited high probiotic potential. High throughput sequencing and annotation of genome sequences underline the potential of L. pentosus CF2-10 N as excellent probiotic candidate of vegetable origin. In a previous study we could show the probiotic potential of CF2-10 N in vitro, while in this study in silico analysis of its genome revealed new insights into its safety and functionality. Our findings highlight the microorganism's ecological flexibility and adaptability to a broad range of environmental niches, food matrices and the gastrointestinal tract. These features are shared by both phylogenetically very close L. pentosus strains (CF2-10 N and MP-10) isolated from the same ecological niche with respect to their genome size (≅ 3.6 Mbp), the presence of plasmids (4-5) and several other properties. Nonetheless, additional and unique features are reported in the present study for L. pentosus CF2-10 N. Notably, the safety of L. pentosus CF2-10 N was shown by the absence of virulence determinants and the determination of acquired antibiotic resistance genes, i.e., resistome, which is mostly represented by efflux-pump resistance genes responsible for the intrinsic resistance. On the other hand, defense mechanisms of L. pentosus CF2-10 N include eight prophage regions and a CRISPR/cas system (CRISPR-I and CRISPR-II) as acquired immune system against mobile elements. Finally, the probiotic potential of this strain was further demonstrated by the presence of genes coding for proteins involved in adhesion, exopolysaccharide biosynthesis, tolerance to low pH and bile salts, immunomodulation, and vitamin and enzyme production. Taken together these results, we propose the use of L. pentosus CF2-10 N as a potential and promising probiotic candidate able to colonize several niches and adapt to different lifestyles. The strain can provide attractive functional and probiotic features necessary for its application as starter culture and probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikmate Abriouel
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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13
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Li Z, Liu A, Du Q, Zhu W, Liu H, Naeem A, Guan Y, Chen L, Ming L. Bioactive substances and therapeutic potential of camellia oil: An overview. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Multiple Health Outcomes: Umbrella Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183726. [PMID: 36145102 PMCID: PMC9505003 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing concern about the impact of the gastrointestinal microbiome on human health outcomes. To clarify the evidence for a link between the gastrointestinal microbiome and a variety of health outcomes in humans, we conducted an all-encompassing review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews that included 195 meta-analyses containing 950 unique health outcomes. The gastrointestinal microbiome is related to mortality, gastrointestinal disease, immune and metabolic outcomes, neurological and psychiatric outcomes, maternal and infant outcomes, and other outcomes. Existing interventions for intestinal microbiota (such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplant, etc.) are generally safe and beneficial to a variety of human health outcomes, but the quality of evidence is not high, and more detailed and well-designed randomized controlled trials are necessary.
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Ghorbani Z, Kazemi A, Bartolomaeus TUP, Martami F, Noormohammadi M, Salari A, Löber U, Balou HA, Forslund SK, Mahdavi-Roshan M. The effect of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on lipid parameters among patients with cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:933-956. [PMID: 35934838 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the available evidence emphasizes the beneficial effects of probiotics in normalizing various cardiometabolic markers, there is still substantial uncertainty in this regard. Thus, we set out to determine the effect sizes of probiotics on blood lipid parameters more coherently. A systematic literature search of the Medline (PubMed) and Scopus databases was conducted from inception to February 12, 2021, applying both MeSH terms and free text terms to find the relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The meta-analysis was conducted based on a random-effect model to calculate the mean effect sizes demonstrated as weighted mean differences (WMD) and the 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). To explore the heterogeneity, the Cochrane Chi-squared test, and analysis of Galbraith plots were performed. Meta-analysis of data from 40 RCTs (n = 2795) indicated a significant decrease in serum/plasma triglyceride (WMD (95%CI) -12.26 (-17.11- -7.41) mg/dL; P-value <0.001; I2 (%)= 29.9; P heterogeneity = 0.034)), total cholesterol (with high heterogeneity) (WMD (95%CI) -8.43 (-11.90- -4.95) mg/dL; P-value <0.001; I2 (%) =56.8; P heterogeneity < 0.001), LDL-C (WMD (95%CI) -5.08 (-7.61, -2.56) mg/dL; P-value <0.001; I2 (%) =42.7; P heterogeneity =0.002), and HDL-C (with high heterogeneity) (WMD (95%CI) 1.14 (0.23, 2.05) mg/dL; P-value =0.014; I2 (%) = 59.8; P heterogeneity < 0.001) following receiving probiotic/synbiotic supplements. Collectively, the current preliminary evidence supports the effectiveness of probiotics/synbiotics in improving dyslipidemia and various lipid parameters more prominently among subjects with hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. However, large and well conducted RCTs are required to provide further convincing support for these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ghorbani
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Asma Kazemi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Theda U P Bartolomaeus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fahimeh Martami
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morvarid Noormohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arsalan Salari
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ulrike Löber
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heydar Ali Balou
- Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sofia K Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marjan Mahdavi-Roshan
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Michels N, Zouiouich S, Vanderbauwhede B, Vanacker J, Indave Ruiz BI, Huybrechts I. Human microbiome and metabolic health: An overview of systematic reviews. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13409. [PMID: 34978141 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To summarize the microbiome's role in metabolic disorders (insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD], and metabolic syndrome), systematic reviews on observational or interventional studies (prebiotics/probiotics/synbiotics/transplant) were searched in MEDLINE and Embase until September 2020. The 87 selected systematic reviews included 57 meta-analyses. Methodological quality (AMSTAR2) was moderate in 62%, 12% low, and 26% critically low. Observational studies on obesity (10 reviews) reported less gut bacterial diversity with higher Fusobacterium, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bacteroides fragilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas lower Methanobrevibacter, Lactobacillus plantarum, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Bifidobacterium animalis compared with nonobese. For diabetes (n = 1), the same was found for Fusobacterium and A. muciniphila, whereas higher Ruminococcus and lower Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Bacteroides vulgatus, and several Bifidobacterium spp. For NAFLD (n = 2), lower Firmicutes, Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, whereas higher Escherichia and Lactobacillus were detected. Discriminating bacteria overlapped between metabolic disorders, those with high abundance being often involved in inflammation, whereas those with low abundance being used as probiotics. Meta-analyses (n = 54) on interventional studies reported 522 associations: 54% was statistically significant with intermediate effect size and moderate between-study heterogeneity. Meta-evidence was highest for probiotics and lowest for fecal transplant. Future avenues include better methodological quality/comparability, testing functional differences, new intervention strategies, and considerating other body habitats and kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Semi Zouiouich
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Bert Vanderbauwhede
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Judith Vanacker
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Barthow C, Hood F, Crane J, Huthwaite M, Weatherall M, Parry-Strong A, Krebs J. A randomised controlled trial of a probiotic and a prebiotic examining metabolic and mental health outcomes in adults with pre-diabetes. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055214. [PMID: 35332040 PMCID: PMC8948404 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and/or cereal enriched with oat-derived beta-glucan (OBG) on metabolic and mental health outcomes when administered to adults with pre-diabetes. DESIGN 2×2 factorial design randomised, parallel-groups placebo-controlled; double-blinded for probiotic, single-blinded for cereals. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling adults aged 18-80 years with pre-diabetes: glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 41-49 mmol/mol. INTERVENTIONS Capsules containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus (HN001) (6×109 colony-forming units/day), or placebo capsules; and cereal containing 4 g/day OBG or calorie-matched control cereal, taken daily, for 6 months. Study groups were: (A) HN001 capsules+OBG cereal; (B) HN001 capsules+control cereal; (C) placebo capsules+OBG cereal and (D) placebo capsules+control cereal. OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome: HbA1c at 6 months. SECONDARY OUTCOMES fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, fasting lipids, blood pressure, body weight, waist circumference, body mass index and mental well-being. RESULTS 153 participants were randomised. There was complete HbA1c outcome data available for 129 participants. At 6 months the mean (SD) HbA1c was 45.9 (4.4) mmol/mol, n=66 for HN001, and 46.7 (4.3) mmol/mol, n=63 for placebo capsules; 46.5 (4.0) mmol/mol, n=67 for OBG and 46.0 (4.6) mmol/mol n=62 for control cereal. The estimated difference between HN001-placebo capsules was -0.83, 95% CI -1.93 to 0.27 mmol/mol, p=0.63, and between OBG-control cereals -0.17, 95% CI -1.28 to 0.94 mmol/mol, p=0.76. There was no significant interaction between treatments p=0.79. There were no differences between groups or significant interactions between treatments for any of the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This study found no evidence of clinical benefit from the supplementation with either HN001 and/or cereal containing 4 g OBG on HbA1c and all secondary outcomes relevant to adults with pre-diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clincial Trials Registry number ACTRN12617000990325.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Barthow
- Department of Medicine, Univeristy of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Fiona Hood
- Department of Medicine, Univeristy of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Julian Crane
- Department of Medicine, Univeristy of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mark Huthwaite
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mark Weatherall
- Department of Medicine, Univeristy of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Amber Parry-Strong
- Centre for Endocrine, Diabetes and Obesity Research, Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy Krebs
- Department of Medicine, Univeristy of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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18
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Zarezadeh M, Musazadeh V, Faghfouri AH, Roshanravan N, Dehghan P. Probiotics act as a potent intervention in improving lipid profile: An umbrella systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:145-158. [PMID: 34817299 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2004578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several meta-analysis studies have revealed improving effects of probiotics on lipid profile, while some studies have reported controversial findings. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics on blood lipids. Relevant studies were searched in the international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Library up to August 2021. The pooled results were calculated with the use of a random-effects model to assess the effects of probiotics on blood lipids. Overall, 38 meta-analyses were inclueded in the study. The results indicated that the probiotics supplementation was effective on reduction of total cholesterol (TC) (ES= -0.46 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.61, -0.30, p < 0.001; I2= 83.8%, p < 0.001), triglycerides (TG) (ES= -0.13 mg/dl; 95% CI: -0.23, -0.04, p = 0.006; I2= 74.7%, p < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)levels (ES= -0.29 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.40, -0.19, p < 0.001; I2= 77.8%, p < 0.001). There was no significant effect of probiotics on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (ES= 0.02 mg/dl; 95% CI: -0.04, 0.08, p = 0.519; I2= 72.5%, p= <0.001). The results of present umbrella meta-analysis strongly support supplementation with probiotics as an influential intervention for improving lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Zarezadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vali Musazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Yang M, Zheng J, Zong X, Yang X, Zhang Y, Man C, Jiang Y. Preventive Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus JL1 on Food-Borne Obesity in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3989. [PMID: 34836242 PMCID: PMC8621931 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics can prevent obesity and related metabolic complications. In our study, the protective effect and molecular mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus JL1 (separated from the feces of healthy infants) on high-fat diet mice were investigated. After 10 weeks of dietary intervention with L. rhamnosus JL1 intervention, the body weight of the JL1 group (23.78 g) was significantly lower than that of the HFD group (26.59 g, p < 0.05) and the liver index was reduced. Serum biochemical analysis showed that the TC, TG and LDL-C contents of JL1 group mice were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Histological images of the mice livers showed that the degree of lipid action and damage of hepatic cells were improved. L. rhamnosus JL1 activated the AMPK pathway, and reduced the gene expression of PPAR-γ, LXR-α and SREBP-1C. In addition, the protein expression of PPAR-γ and LXR-α were reduced. After dietary intervention with L. rhamnosus JL1, the concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were increased significantly, especially the concentration of butyric acid, which was 63.16% higher than that of the HFD group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study provided a theoretical reference for the development and application of probiotics derived from healthy infant feces in health products and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yujun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.)
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20
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Wang C, Li S, Xue P, Yu L, Tian F, Zhao J, Chen W, Xue Y, Zhai Q. The effect of probiotic supplementation on lipid profiles in adults with overweight or obesity: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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21
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Wassenaar TM, Juncos VA, Zimmermann K. Interactions between the Gut Microbiome, Lung Conditions, and Coronary Heart Disease and How Probiotics Affect These. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189700. [PMID: 34575864 PMCID: PMC8472021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of a healthy microbiome cannot be overemphasized. Disturbances in its composition can lead to a variety of symptoms that can extend to other organs. Likewise, acute or chronic conditions in other organs can affect the composition and physiology of the gut microbiome. Here, we discuss interorgan communication along the gut–lung axis, as well as interactions between lung and coronary heart diseases and between cardiovascular disease and the gut microbiome. This triangle of organs, which also affects the clinical outcome of COVID-19 infections, is connected by means of numerous receptors and effectors, including immune cells and immune-modulating factors such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and trimethlamine–N–oxide (TMAO). The gut microbiome plays an important role in each of these, thus affecting the health of the lungs and the heart, and this interplay occurs in both directions. The gut microbiome can be influenced by the oral uptake of probiotics. With an improved understanding of the mechanisms responsible for interorgan communication, we can start to define what requirements an ‘ideal’ probiotic should have and its role in this triangle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy M. Wassenaar
- Molecular Microbiology and Genomics Consultants, Tannenstrasse 7, 55576 Zotzenheim, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina A. Juncos
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72209, USA;
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22
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Shen X, Li L, Sun Z, Zang G, Zhang L, Shao C, Wang Z. Gut Microbiota and Atherosclerosis-Focusing on the Plaque Stability. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:668532. [PMID: 34414217 PMCID: PMC8368126 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.668532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are major causes of mortality and morbidity in the modern society. The rupture of atherosclerotic plaque can induce thrombus formation, which is the main cause of acute cardiovascular events. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that there are some relationships between microbiota and atherosclerosis. In this review, we will focus on the effect of the microbiota and the microbe-derived metabolites, including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), on the stability of atherosclerotic plaque. Finally, we will conclude with some therapies based on the microbiota and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Pontes KSDS, Guedes MR, Cunha MRD, Mattos SDS, Barreto Silva MI, Neves MF, Marques BCAA, Klein MRST. Effects of probiotics on body adiposity and cardiovascular risk markers in individuals with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4915-4931. [PMID: 34358838 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Evidence suggests that gut microbiota is a potential factor in the pathophysiology of both obesity and related metabolic disorders. While individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the effects of probiotics on adiposity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in subjects with overweight and obesity, the results are inconsistent. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on body weight, body adiposity and CVD risk markers in overweight and obese subjects. METHODS A systematic search for RCTs published up to December 2020 was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus and LILACS. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model was chosen to analyze the impact of combined trials. RESULTS Twenty-six RCTs (n = 1720) were included. Data pooling showed a significant effect of probiotics in reducing body weight (MD:-0.70 kg; 95%CI:-1.04,-0.35 kg; P < 0.0001), body mass index (BMI) (MD:-0.24 kg/m2; 95%CI:-0.35,-0.12 kg/m2; P = 0.0001), waist circumference (WC) (MD:-1.13 cm; 95%CI:-1.54,-0.73 cm; P < 0.0001), fat mass (MD:-0.71 kg; 95%CI:-1.10,-0.32 kg; P = 0.0004), tumor necrosis factor-α (MD:-0.16 pg/ml; 95%CI:-0.24,-0.08 pg/ml; P = 0.0001), insulin (MD:-0.85mcU/ml; 95%CI:-1.50,-0.21mcU/ml; P = 0.010), total cholesterol (MD:-0.16 mmol/l; 95%CI:-0.26,-0.05 mmol/l; P = 0.003) and LDL (MD:-0.09 mmol/l; 95%CI:-0.16,-0.03 mmol/l; P = 0.006) compared with control groups. There was a significant decrease in body weight, BMI and WC in studies using both single and multi-bacterial species. Decreases in body adiposity parameters were only observed in studies using a probiotic dose of ≥ 1010 CFU and for ≥8 weeks duration. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis suggests that probiotics consumption may be helpful for improving body weight, body adiposity and some CVD risk markers in individuals with overweight and obesity. The review was registered on PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews): CRD42020183136.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Scanci da Silva Pontes
- Post-Graduation Program in Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Professor Manuel de Abreu, 444, Térreo - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Marcella Rodrigues Guedes
- Post-Graduation Program in Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Professor Manuel de Abreu, 444, Térreo - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Michelle Rabello da Cunha
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av.Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 77 Sala 329, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Samanta de Souza Mattos
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av.Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 77 Sala 329, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Maria Inês Barreto Silva
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 - Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 12º Andar, Bloco D, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20559-900, Brazil; Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 296, Botafogo, 3º Andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-250, Brazil.
| | - Mario Fritsch Neves
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av.Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 77 Sala 329, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Cristina Antunes Alves Marques
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av.Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 77 Sala 329, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Av. Binário do Porto, 831, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20081-250, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Regina Simas Torres Klein
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 - Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 12º Andar, Bloco D, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20559-900, Brazil.
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Probiotics supplementation and cardiometabolic risk factors: A new insight into recent advances, potential mechanisms, and clinical implications. PHARMANUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2021.100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Han Y, Wu L, Ling Q, Wu P, Zhang C, Jia L, Weng H, Wang B. Intestinal Dysbiosis Correlates With Sirolimus-induced Metabolic Disorders in Mice. Transplantation 2021; 105:1017-1029. [PMID: 33116044 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-time use of pharmacological immunosuppressive agents frequently leads to metabolic disorders. Most studies have focused on islet toxicity leading to posttransplantation diabetes mellitus. In contrast, the link between intestinal dysbiosis and immunosuppressive drug-induced metabolic disorders remains unclear. METHODS We established a mouse model of metabolic abnormality via sirolimus treatment. Fecal microbiota was examined using 16S rRNA gene MiSeq sequencing. Intestinal barrier function was assessed using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran assay and mucus immunostaining. Systemic inflammation was determined using a multiplexed fluorescent bead-based immunoassay. RESULTS Sirolimus induced dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance in mice in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the clinical-mimicking dose of sirolimus altered the intestinal microbiota community, which was characterized by the enrichment of Proteobacteria, depletion of Akkermansia, and potential function shifts to those involved in lipid metabolism and the immune system. In addition, the clinical-mimicking dose of sirolimus reduced the thickness of the intestinal mucosal layer, increased the intestinal permeability, and enriched the circulating pro-inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-12, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, and IL-1β. Our results showed a close association between intestinal dysbiosis, intestinal barrier failure, systemic inflammation, and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, we demonstrated that oral intervention in the gut microbiota by Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 protected against intestinal dysbiosis, especially by depleting the lipopolysaccharide-producing Proteobacteria, and attenuated the sirolimus-induced systemic inflammation, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated a potentially causative role of intestinal dysbiosis in sirolimus-induced metabolic disorders, which will provide a novel therapeutic target for transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiu Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Ling
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pin Wu
- Division of Throat Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenzhi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longfei Jia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honglei Weng
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Baohong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Yoha KS, Nida S, Dutta S, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Targeted Delivery of Probiotics: Perspectives on Research and Commercialization. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:15-48. [PMID: 33904011 PMCID: PMC8075719 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Considering the significance of the gut microbiota on human health, there has been ever-growing research and commercial interest in various aspects of probiotic functional foods and drugs. A probiotic food requires cautious consideration in terms of strain selection, appropriate process and storage conditions, cell viability and functionality, and effective delivery at the targeted site. To address these challenges, several technologies have been explored and some of them have been adopted for industrial applicability. Encapsulation of probiotics has been recognized as an effective way to stabilize them in their dried form. By conferring a physical barrier to protect them from adverse conditions, the encapsulation approach renders direct benefits on stability, delivery, and functionality. Various techniques have been explored to encapsulate probiotics, but it is noteworthy that the encapsulation method itself influences surface morphology, viability, and survivability of probiotics. This review focuses on the need to encapsulate probiotics, trends in various encapsulation techniques, current research and challenges in targeted delivery, the market status of encapsulated probiotics, and future directions. Specific focus has been given on various in vitro methods that have been explored to better understand their delivery and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Yoha
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, 613 005, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundus Nida
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, 613 005, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sayantani Dutta
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, 613 005, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J A Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, 613 005, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, 613 005, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wang X, Ba T, Cheng Y, Zhang P, Chang X. Probiotics alleviate adipose inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity by restoring adipose invariant natural killer T cells. Nutrition 2021; 89:111285. [PMID: 34116395 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, which are depleted in obese individuals, play important roles in preventing diet-induced obesity and associated disorders. Probiotic supplementation can alter the gut microbiota and immunomodulation in obesity. However, it remains unclear whether probiotics can affect visceral adipose iNKT cells. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of probiotics on adipose iNKT cells in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and to assess the immunomodulatory function of probiotics and their role in obesity, glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and adipose inflammation. METHODS Wildtype (WT) male C57BL/6 mice and CD1d knockout mice were fed an HFD or a normal-fat diet. Some mice received active or heat-sacrificed VSL#3 probiotics. Preventative VSL#3 therapy was also administered to HFD mice. Body weight, metabolic parameters, expression of genes encoding adipose inflammatory factors (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and IL-6), adipose iNKT cell frequency, and subphenotype were evaluated. RESULTS HFD induced more severe obesity in CD1dKO mice than in WT mice. VSL#3 intervention significantly improved HFD-induced weight gain, adipose iNKT cell depletion, and metabolic and adipose inflammatory profiles in WT mice, but not in CD1dKO mice. Preventative VSL#3 treatment improved HFD-induced obesity and metabolic parameters, and elevated total adipose iNKT and IL-4+ iNKT cell frequencies. CONCLUSIONS Probiotic intervention alleviated weight gain, improved metabolic parameters, and reduced adipose inflammation in HFD-induced obesity. These effects seem to depend on the restoration of visceral adipose iNKT cells. These findings have potential implications for the management of obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhijiang Branch, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hang Zhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Tao Ba
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yunjie Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second People's Hospital of Jiaozuo, Jiaozuo, Henan
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang, Henan
| | - Xiangyun Chang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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Byrne DF, Geraghty AA, Yelverton CA, Murphy EF, Van Sinderen D, Cotter PD, McAuliffe FM. The impact of probiotic supplementation on metabolic health in healthy women of reproductive age: a systematic review. Food Funct 2020; 11:10279-10289. [PMID: 33174573 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01727b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Products containing probiotics are targeted at healthy or at-risk individuals as a preventative measure to minimise disease risk. Most studies assessing the efficacy of probiotics in humans include a mixture of healthy and unhealthy populations, while studies that focus solely on female populations are largely limited to pregnancy or those with health conditions. Pre-conception is a significant time-point during the life-course, and improving female health status during this period may positively influence future offspring. The objective of this review is to assess the effect of probiotics administered in oral capsule formulation, on metabolic and immune markers in healthy, non-pregnant women of reproductive age. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Pubmed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies. English language articles relating to randomised-controlled trials were included. The search returned 3250 publications after duplicates were removed. Title (2516), abstract (642), and full text (87) screening excluded 3993 studies from consideration. Five papers were identified with outcomes of interest, and analysis of these showed no conclusive evidence that probiotic capsule supplementation elicited positive effects in this healthy population. This study highlights the need for further research to investigate the role that probiotics play during the pre-conception period, on female metabolic and immune health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Byrne
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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How strong is the evidence that gut microbiota composition can be influenced by lifestyle interventions in a cardio-protective way? Atherosclerosis 2020; 311:124-142. [PMID: 32981713 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in composition and function of the gut microbiota have been demonstrated in diseases involving the cardiovascular system, particularly coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. The data are still limited but the typical altered genera include Roseburia and Faecalibacterium. Plausible mechanisms by which microbiota may mediate cardio-protective effects have been postulated, including the production of metabolites like trimethylamine (TMA), as well as immunomodulatory functions. This raises the question of whether it is possible to modify the gut microbiota by lifestyle interventions and thereby improve cardiovascular health. Nevertheless, lifestyle intervention studies that have involved modifications of dietary intake and/or physical activity, as well as investigating changes in the gut microbiota and subsequent modifications of the cardioprotective markers, are still scarce, and the results have been inconclusive. Current evidence points to benefits of consuming high-fibre foods, nuts and an overall healthy dietary pattern to achieve beneficial effects on both gut microbiota and serum cardiovascular markers, primarily lipids. The relationship between physical exercise and gut microbiota is probably complex and may be dependent on the intensity of exercise. In this article, we review the available evidence on lifestyle, specifically diet, physical activity and smoking as modifiers of the gut microbiota, and subsequently as modifiers of serum cardiovascular health markers. We have attempted to elucidate the plausible mechanisms and further critically appraise the caveats and gaps in the research.
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Wu X, Kim MJ, Yang HJ, Park S. Chitosan alleviated menopausal symptoms and modulated the gut microbiota in estrogen-deficient rats. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1907-1919. [PMID: 32910260 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Menopause disturbs energy, glucose, and lipid metabolisms and changes the composition of the gut microbiota, but dietary fibers without phytoestrogens may ameliorate menopausal metabolic disorders. The objective of the present study was to assess whether consuming the prebiotics chitosan and citrus pectin can improve postmenopausal symptoms, possibly by modulating the gut microbiota in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and the mechanism of action was examined. METHODS The OVX rats were given 4.5% cellulose (OVX-Control), chitosan (OVX-Chitosan), or citrus pectin (OVX-Pectin) in a 43% fat diet and the sham rats were given the same diet as the OVX-Control for 12 weeks. Sham-operated rats had the same diet as OVX-Control (Normal-Control). Body-weight, visceral fat mass, tail skin temperature, serum 17β-estradiol, glucose intolerance, and insulin tolerance were determined. Gut microbiota in the fecal samples was measured by NGS and analyzed with PICRUSt2. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and metabolomic characteristics of serum were also measured with UPLC-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Chitosan and citrus pectin were selected because the incubation of rat feces with these two prebiotics in vitro had shown increased butyrate production. OVX-Chitosan reduced the weight, visceral fat content, and tail skin temperature, and OVX-Chitosan and OVX-Pectin improved glucose tolerance, compared to the OVX-Control. Both alleviated dyslipidemia, compared to the OVX-Control. OVX-Chitosan and OVX-Pectin elevated serum propionate and butyrate concentrations but only OVX-Chitosan lowered serum acetate concentrations. In PICRUSt2, chitosan upregulated the functional genes of gut microbiota involved in valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, whereas the OVX-Control exhibited significantly upregulated lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. OVX-Pectin exhibited increased α-diversity in the fecal bacteria. Metabolomic analysis revealed higher serum urate concentrations in the OVX-Control group than the other groups, and serum arginine and leucine concentrations were higher in the OVX-Chitosan group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Chitosan and citrus pectin consumptions improved menopausal symptoms by improving the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, and serum metabolites and SCFA originating from fecal bacteria. Chitosan was more effective for improving menopausal symptoms than citrus pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuangao Wu
- Department. of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, ChungNam-Do, 336-795, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Food Functional Research Division, Korea Food Research Institutes, Wanjoo, South Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Food Functional Research Division, Korea Food Research Institutes, Wanjoo, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department. of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, ChungNam-Do, 336-795, South Korea.
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Chen L, Zhang L, Wang W, Qiu W, Liu L, Ning A, Cao J, Huang M, Zhong M. Polysaccharides isolated from Cordyceps Sinensis contribute to the progression of NASH by modifying the gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232972. [PMID: 32512581 PMCID: PMC7279895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various dietary fibers are considered to prevent obesity by modulating the gut microbiota. Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide (CSP) is a soluble dietary fiber known to have protective effects against obesity and related diseases, but whether these effects induce any side effects remains unknown. The function and safety of CSP were tested in high-fat diet (HFD)-feding C57BL/6J mice. The results revealed that even though CSP supplementation could prevent an increase in body weight, it aggravated liver fibrosis and steatosis as evidenced by increased inflammation, lipid metabolism markers, insulin resistance (IR) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in HFD-induced obesity. 16S rDNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota composition, and the relative abundance of the Actinobacteria phylum, including the Olsenella genus, was significantly higher in CSP-treated mice than in HFD-fed mice. CSP supplementation may increase the proportion of Actinobacteria, which can degrade CSP. The high level of Actinobacteria aggravated the disorder of the intestinal flora and contributed to the progression from obesity to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Liangyu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Wendong Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Anhong Ning
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Mintao Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
- * E-mail:
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da Silva TF, Casarotti SN, de Oliveira GLV, Penna ALB. The impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on the biochemical, clinical, and immunological markers, as well as on the gut microbiota of obese hosts. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:337-355. [PMID: 32156153 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1733483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is currently considered a global epidemic and it leads to several alterations on the human body and its metabolism. There are evidences showing that the intestinal microbiota can influence on the pathogenesis of obesity. Microbiota plays a vital role not only in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, but also in the homeostatic maintenance of host immunity, metabolism, and gut barrier. Its dietary alteration is an important target in the treatment of obesity. Emerging evidence suggests that modifying the composition of the gut microbiota through probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation may be a viable adjuvant treatment option for obese individuals. In this review, the impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on the anthropometric profile, biochemical regulation, clinical, and immunological markers, as well as on the gut microbiota of obese hosts is described. It also emphasizes how changes in the composition and/or metabolic activity of the gut microbiota through the administration of nutrients with probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic properties can modulate the host's gene expression and metabolism, and thereby positively influence on the host's adipose tissue development and related metabolic disorders. The beneficial effects on the host's metabolism promoted by prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been successfully demonstrated by several studies. However, further investigation is needed to fully explain the cellular mechanisms of action of probiotics and prebiotics on human health, and also to elucidate the relationship between microbiota and obesity etiology, using well-designed, long-term, and large-scale clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Ferreira da Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Neves Casarotti
- Instituto de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis (UFR), Rondonópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lúcia Barretto Penna
- Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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Yan S, Wang C, Zhao H, Pan Y, Wang H, Guo Y, Yao N, Li B, Cui W. Effects of fasting intervention regulating anthropometric and metabolic parameters in subjects with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Funct 2020; 11:3781-3799. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00287a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that fasting produces a potential effect in the prevention and treatment of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumeng Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- School of Public Health
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Changcong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- School of Public Health
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Hantong Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- School of Public Health
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Yingan Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- School of Public Health
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- School of Public Health
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Yinpei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- School of Public Health
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- School of Public Health
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- School of Public Health
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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