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O'Connor MJ, Bartler AV, Ho KC, Zhang K, Casas Fuentes RJ, Melnick BA, Huffman KN, Hong SJ, Galiano RD. Understanding Staphylococcus aureus in hyperglycaemia: A review of virulence factor and metabolic adaptations. Wound Repair Regen 2024. [PMID: 38853489 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most commonly detected bacteria in diabetic skin and soft tissue infections. The incidence and severity of skin and soft tissue infections are higher in patients with diabetes, indicating a potentiating mechanism of hyperglycaemia and infection. The goal of this review is to explore the metabolic and virulence factor adaptations of S. aureus under hyperglycaemic conditions. Primary data from identified studies were included and summarised in this paper. Understanding the nexus of hyperglycaemia, metabolism, and virulence factors provides insights into the complexity of diabetic skin and soft tissue infections attributed to S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J O'Connor
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Angelica V Bartler
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelly C Ho
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kenneth Zhang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rolando J Casas Fuentes
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bradley A Melnick
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kristin N Huffman
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Seok Jong Hong
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert D Galiano
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Kwiatos N, Waldron KJ. In a state of flux: new insight into the transport processes that maintain bacterial metal homeostasis. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0014624. [PMID: 38712925 PMCID: PMC11112988 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00146-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
A new study by Nies et al. (J Bacteriol 206:e00080-24, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.00080-24) provides a rich, quantitative data set of zinc accumulation by cells of Cupriavidus metallidurans, including of mutant bacterial strains lacking import or efflux genes, and comparison of zinc accumulation by cells previously starved of metal with those of zinc-replete cells. The data surprisingly demonstrate the concomitant activity of both active metal import and metal efflux systems. They present a flow equilibrium model to describe zinc homeostasis in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kwiatos
- Laboratory of Metalloprotein Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kevin J. Waldron
- Laboratory of Metalloprotein Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Kumar AA, T P, Ragunathan P, Ponnuraj K. Analyzing the interaction of Helicobacter pylori GAPDH with host molecules and hemin: Inhibition of hemin binding. Biophys Chem 2024; 307:107193. [PMID: 38320409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a moonlighting enzyme. Apart from its primary role in the glycolytic pathway, in many bacterial species it is found in the extracellular milieu and also on the bacterial surface. Positioning on the bacterial surface allows the GAPDH molecule to interact with many host molecules such as plasminogen, fibrinogen, fibronectin, laminin and mucin etc. This facilitates the bacterial colonization of the host. Helicobacter pylori is a major human pathogen that causes a number of gastrointestinal infections and is the main cause of gastric cancer. The binding analysis of H. pylori GAPDH (HpGAPDH) with host molecules has not been carried out. Hence, we studied the interaction of HpGAPDH with holo-transferrin, lactoferrin, haemoglobin, fibrinogen, fibronectin, catalase, plasminogen and mucin using biolayer interferometry. Highest and lowest binding affinity was observed with lactoferrin (4.83 ± 0.70 × 10-9 M) and holo-transferrin (4.27 ± 2.39 × 10-5 M). Previous studies established GAPDH as a heme chaperone involved in intracellular heme trafficking and delivery to downstream target proteins. Therefore, to get insights into heme binding, the interaction between HpGAPDH and hemin was analyzed. Hemin binds to HpGAPDH with an affinity of 2.10 μM while the hemin bound HpGAPDH does not exhibit activity. This suggests that hemin most likely binds at the active site of HpGAPDH, prohibiting substrate binding. Blind docking of hemin with HpGAPDH also supports positioning of hemin at the active site. Metal ions were found to inhibit the activity of HpGAPDH, suggesting that it also possibly occupies the substrate binding site. Furthermore, with metal-bound HpGAPDH, hemin binding was not observed, suggesting metal ions act as an inhibitor of hemin binding. Since GAPDH has been identified as a heme chaperone, it will be interesting to analyse the biological consequences of inhibition of heme binding to GAPDH by metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Anil Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Priyadharshini T
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Preethi Ragunathan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Karthe Ponnuraj
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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Alkhanjaf AAM, Sharma S, Sharma M, Kumar R, Arora NK, Kumar B, Umar A, Baskoutas S, Mukherjee TK. Microbial strategies for copper pollution remediation: Mechanistic insights and recent advances. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123588. [PMID: 38401635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Environmental contamination is aninsistent concern affecting human health and the ecosystem. Wastewater, containing heavy metals from industrial activities, significantly contributes to escalating water pollution. These metals can bioaccumulate in food chains, posing health risks even at low concentrations. Copper (Cu), an essential micronutrient, becomes toxic at high levels. Activities like mining and fungicide use have led to Copper contamination in soil, water, and sediment beyond safe levels. Copper widely used in industries, demands restraint of heavy metal ion release into wastewater for ecosystem ultrafiltration, membrane filtration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis, combat heavy metal pollution, with emphasis on copper.Physical and chemical approaches are efficient, large-scale feasibility may have drawbackssuch as they are costly, result in the production of sludge. In contrast, bioremediation, microbial intervention offers eco-friendly solutions for copper-contaminated soil. Bacteria and fungi facilitate these bioremediation avenues as cost-effective alternatives. This review article emphasizes on physical, chemical, and biological methods for removal of copper from the wastewater as well asdetailing microorganism's mechanisms to mobilize or immobilize copper in wastewater and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrab Ahmed M Alkhanjaf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sonu Sharma
- Department of Bio-sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Monu Sharma
- Department of Bio-sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Raman Kumar
- Department of Bio-sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India.
| | - Naresh Kumar Arora
- Division of Soil and Crop Management, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 133001, Haryana, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar
- Division of Soil and Crop Management, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 133001, Haryana, India
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Sotirios Baskoutas
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
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5
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Sullivan MJ, Terán I, Goh KG, Ulett GC. Resisting death by metal: metabolism and Cu/Zn homeostasis in bacteria. Emerg Top Life Sci 2024; 8:45-56. [PMID: 38362914 PMCID: PMC10903455 DOI: 10.1042/etls20230115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Metal ions such as zinc and copper play important roles in host-microbe interactions and their availability can drastically affect the survival of pathogenic bacteria in a host niche. Mechanisms of metal homeostasis protect bacteria from starvation, or intoxication, defined as when metals are limiting, or in excess, respectively. In this mini-review, we summarise current knowledge on the mechanisms of resistance to metal stress in bacteria, focussing specifically on the homeostasis of cellular copper and zinc. This includes a summary of the factors that subvert metal stress in bacteria, which are independent of metal efflux systems, and commentary on the role of small molecules and metabolic systems as important mediators of metal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Sullivan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Ignacio Terán
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Kelvin G.K. Goh
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Glen C. Ulett
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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6
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Olaya‐Abril A, Biełło K, Rodríguez‐Caballero G, Cabello P, Sáez LP, Moreno‐Vivián C, Luque‐Almagro VM, Roldán MD. Bacterial tolerance and detoxification of cyanide, arsenic and heavy metals: Holistic approaches applied to bioremediation of industrial complex wastes. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14399. [PMID: 38206076 PMCID: PMC10832572 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanide is a highly toxic compound that is found in wastewaters generated from different industrial activities, such as mining or jewellery. These residues usually contain high concentrations of other toxic pollutants like arsenic and heavy metals that may form different complexes with cyanide. To develop bioremediation strategies, it is necessary to know the metabolic processes involved in the tolerance and detoxification of these pollutants, but most of the current studies are focused on the characterization of the microbial responses to each one of these environmental hazards individually, and the effect of co-contaminated wastes on microbial metabolism has been hardly addressed. This work summarizes the main strategies developed by bacteria to alleviate the effects of cyanide, arsenic and heavy metals, analysing interactions among these toxic chemicals. Additionally, it is discussed the role of systems biology and synthetic biology as tools for the development of bioremediation strategies of complex industrial wastes and co-contaminated sites, emphasizing the importance and progress derived from meta-omic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Olaya‐Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de RabanalesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Karolina Biełło
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de RabanalesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Gema Rodríguez‐Caballero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de RabanalesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Purificación Cabello
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Edificio Celestino Mutis, Campus de RabanalesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Lara P. Sáez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de RabanalesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Conrado Moreno‐Vivián
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de RabanalesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Víctor Manuel Luque‐Almagro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de RabanalesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - María Dolores Roldán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de RabanalesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
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7
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Moraes D, Assunção LDP, Silva KLPD, Soares CMDA, Silva-Bailão MG, Bailão AM. High copper promotes cell wall remodeling and oxidative stress in Histoplasma capsulatum, as revealed by proteomics. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:1551-1565. [PMID: 38097329 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Histoplasma experiences nutritional stress during infection as a result of immune cells manipulating essential nutrients, such as metal ions, carbon, nitrogen, and vitamins. Copper (Cu) is an essential metallic micronutrient for living organisms; however, it is toxic in excess. Microbial pathogens must resist copper toxicity to survive. In the case of Histoplasma, virulence is supported by high-affinity copper uptake during late infection, and copper detoxification machinery during early macrophage infection. The objective of this study was to characterize the global molecular adaptation of Histoplasma capsulatum to copper excess using proteomics. Proteomic data revealed that carbohydrate breakdown was repressed, while the lipid degradation pathways were induced. Surprisingly, the production of fatty acids/lipids was also observed, which is likely a result of Cu-mediated damage to lipids. Additionally, the data showed that the fungus increased the exposition of glycan and chitin on the cell surface in high copper. Yeast upregulated antioxidant enzymes to counteract ROS accumulation. The induction of amino acid degradation, fatty acid oxidation, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation suggest an increase in aerobic respiration for energy generation. Thus, H. capsulatum's adaptive response to high Cu is putatively composed of metabolic changes to support lipid and cell wall remodeling and fight oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayane Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular (LBM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Leandro do Prado Assunção
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular (LBM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Kassyo Lobato Potenciano da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular (LBM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular (LBM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Mirelle Garcia Silva-Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular (LBM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Melo Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular (LBM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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8
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Hong Y, Mackenzie ES, Firth SJ, Bolton JRF, Stewart LJ, Waldron KJ, Djoko KY. Mis-regulation of Zn and Mn homeostasis is a key phenotype of Cu stress in Streptococcus pyogenes. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad064. [PMID: 37849243 PMCID: PMC10644519 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
All bacteria possess homeostastic mechanisms that control the availability of micronutrient metals within the cell. Cross-talks between different metal homeostasis pathways within the same bacterial organism have been reported widely. In addition, there have been previous suggestions that some metal uptake transporters can promote adventitious uptake of the wrong metal. This work describes the cross-talk between Cu and the Zn and Mn homeostasis pathways in Group A Streptococcus (GAS). Using a ∆copA mutant strain that lacks the primary Cu efflux pump and thus traps excess Cu in the cytoplasm, we show that growth in the presence of supplemental Cu promotes downregulation of genes that contribute to Zn or Mn uptake. This effect is not associated with changes in cellular Zn or Mn levels. Co-supplementation of the culture medium with Zn or, to a lesser extent, Mn alleviates key Cu stress phenotypes, namely bacterial growth and secretion of the fermentation end-product lactate. However, neither co-supplemental Zn nor Mn influences cellular Cu levels or Cu availability in Cu-stressed cells. In addition, we provide evidence that the Zn or Mn uptake transporters in GAS do not promote Cu uptake. Together, the results from this study strengthen and extend our previous proposal that mis-regulation of Zn and Mn homeostasis is a key phenotype of Cu stress in GAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungJin Hong
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Eilidh S Mackenzie
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Samantha J Firth
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jack R F Bolton
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Louisa J Stewart
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Kevin J Waldron
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Previous affiliation: Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Karrera Y Djoko
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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Hossain S, Morey JR, Neville SL, Ganio K, Radin JN, Norambuena J, Boyd JM, McDevitt CA, Kehl-Fie TE. Host subversion of bacterial metallophore usage drives copper intoxication. mBio 2023; 14:e0135023. [PMID: 37737591 PMCID: PMC10653882 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01350-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE During infection, bacteria must overcome the dual threats of metal starvation and intoxication. This work reveals that the zinc-withholding response of the host sensitizes S. aureus to copper intoxication. In response to zinc starvation, S. aureus utilizes the metallophore staphylopine. The current work revealed that the host can leverage the promiscuity of staphylopine to intoxicate S. aureus during infection. Significantly, staphylopine-like metallophores are produced by a wide range of pathogens, suggesting that this is a conserved weakness that the host can leverage to toxify invaders with copper. Moreover, it challenges the assumption that the broad-spectrum metal binding of metallophores is inherently beneficial to bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saika Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jacqueline R. Morey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Neville
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Ganio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jana N. Radin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Javiera Norambuena
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jeff M. Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christopher A. McDevitt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas E. Kehl-Fie
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Chen Y, Guan F, Wang P, Liu W, Zhang W, Sun H, Zhu L, Huang Y, Sun Y, Wang W. Copper exposure induces ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis by activating the caspase-dependent apoptosis signaling pathway and corresponding changes in microRNA patterns. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115414. [PMID: 37647803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental copper (Cu) contamination is a complex worldwide public health problem. However, information on the effects of Cu pollution on human reproduction is limited. Although our previous studies have indicated that Cu exposure disrupts ovarian folliculogenesis, the underlying mechanism needs to be further explored. In this study, human luteinized ovarian granulosa cells and a rat animal model were used to investigate whether Cu exposure affects ovarian follicle development by inducing apoptosis and to elucidate the possible mechanisms. The results showed that Cu exposure from weaning to sexual maturity significantly decreased the proportion of preantral follicles but increased the proportion of atretic follicles (P < 0.05). In addition, 6 mg/kg Cu increased the proportion of antral follicles, while 12 and 25 mg/kg Cu decreased it (P < 0.05). We also found that 6 mg/kg Cu exposure inhibited apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, while 12 and 25 mg/kg Cu promoted apoptosis (P < 0.05). Experiments on primary human luteinized ovarian granulosa cells suggested that higher levels of Cu exposure induced a significant increase in the mRNA levels of Bcl2 Bax , Fas, Caspase8, and Caspase3 (P < 0.05), and the protein levels of BAX, BCL2, CASPASE3, CASPASE8, CLE-CASPASE3, CLE-CASPASE8 and BAX/BCL2 were also increased (P < 0.05). miRNA chip analyses identified a total of 95 upregulated and 10 downregulated miRNAs in human luteinized granulosa cells exposed to Cu. Hsa-miR-19b-3p, hsa-miR-19a-3p, miR-548ar-3p, hsa-miR-652-5p, and hsa-miR-29b-5p were decreased after Cu exposure (P < 0.05). Additionally, the level of hsa-miR-144-5p was increased (P < 0.05). Together, our results reveal that Cu exposure induces abnormal ovarian folliculogenesis by inducing ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis, which is triggered by the caspase-dependent apoptosis signaling pathway, and that miRNAs may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Chen
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fangyuan Guan
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Panlin Wang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weili Liu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Han Sun
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanxin Huang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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11
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Zhang A, Wu H, Chen X, Chen Z, Pan Y, Qu W, Hao H, Chen D, Xie S. Targeting and arginine-driven synergizing photodynamic therapy with nutritional immunotherapy nanosystems for combating MRSA biofilms. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg9116. [PMID: 37450586 PMCID: PMC10348676 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg9116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The resistance and immune escape of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms cause recalcitrant infections. Here, we design a targeting and synergizing cascade PDT with nutritional immunotherapy nanosystems (Arg-PCN@Gel) containing PCN-224 as PDT platform for providing reactive oxygen species (ROS), incorporating arginine (Arg) as nitric oxide (NO) donor to cascade with ROS to produce more lethal ONOO- and promote immune response, and coating with gelatin as targeting agent and persistent Arg provider. The nanosystems adhered to the autolysin of MRSA and inhibited Arg metabolism by down-regulating icdA and icaA. It suppressed polysaccharide intercellular adhesin and extracellular DNA synthesis to prevent biofilm formation. The NO broke mature biofilms and helped ROS and ONOO- penetrate into biofilms to inactivate internal MRSA. Arg-PCN@Gel drove Arg to enhance immunity via inducible NO synthase/NO axis and arginase/polyamine axis and achieve efficient target treatment in MRSA biofilm infections. The targeting and cascading PDT synergized with nutritional immunotherapy provide an effective promising strategy for biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoxue Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hao Wu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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12
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Hossain S, Morey JR, Neville SL, Ganio K, Radin JN, Norambuena J, Boyd JM, McDevitt CA, Kehl-Fie TE. Host subversion of bacterial metallophore usage drives copper intoxication. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542972. [PMID: 37398167 PMCID: PMC10312489 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms can acquire metal ions in metal-limited environments using small molecules called metallophores. While metals and their importers are essential, metals can also be toxic, and metallophores have limited ability to discriminate metals. The impact of the metallophore-mediated non-cognate metal uptake on bacterial metal homeostasis and pathogenesis remains to be defined. The globally significant pathogen Staphylococcus aureus uses the Cnt system to secrete the metallophore staphylopine in zinc-limited host niches. Here, we show that staphylopine and the Cnt system facilitate bacterial copper uptake, potentiating the need for copper detoxification. During in vivo infection, staphylopine usage increased S. aureus susceptibility to host-mediated copper stress, indicating that the innate immune response can harness the antimicrobial potential of altered elemental abundances in host niches. Collectively, these observations show that while the broad-spectrum metal-chelating properties of metallophores can be advantageous, the host can exploit these properties to drive metal intoxication and mediate antibacterial control. IMPORTANCE During infection bacteria must overcome the dual threats of metal starvation and intoxication. This work reveals that the zinc-withholding response of the host sensitizes Staphylococcus aureus to copper intoxication. In response to zinc starvation S. aureus utilizes the metallophore staphylopine. The current work revealed that the host can leverage the promiscuity of staphylopine to intoxicate S. aureus during infection. Significantly, staphylopine-like metallophores are produced by a wide range of pathogens, suggesting that this is a conserved weakness that the host can leverage to toxify invaders with copper. Moreover, it challenges the assumption that the broad-spectrum metal binding of metallophores is inherently beneficial to bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saika Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Morey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Stephanie L Neville
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Katherine Ganio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Jana N Radin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Javiera Norambuena
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Christopher A McDevitt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Thomas E Kehl-Fie
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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13
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Norambuena J, Al-Tameemi H, Bovermann H, Kim J, Beavers WN, Skaar EP, Parker D, Boyd JM. Copper ions inhibit pentose phosphate pathway function in Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011393. [PMID: 37235600 PMCID: PMC10249872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain a better insight of how Copper (Cu) ions toxify cells, metabolomic analyses were performed in S. aureus strains that lacks the described Cu ion detoxification systems (ΔcopBL ΔcopAZ; cop-). Exposure of the cop- strain to Cu(II) resulted in an increase in the concentrations of metabolites utilized to synthesize phosphoribosyl diphosphate (PRPP). PRPP is created using the enzyme phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (Prs) which catalyzes the interconversion of ATP and ribose 5-phosphate to PRPP and AMP. Supplementing growth medium with metabolites requiring PRPP for synthesis improved growth in the presence of Cu(II). A suppressor screen revealed that a strain with a lesion in the gene coding adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (apt) was more resistant to Cu. Apt catalyzes the conversion of adenine with PRPP to AMP. The apt mutant had an increased pool of adenine suggesting that the PRPP pool was being redirected. Over-production of apt, or alternate enzymes that utilize PRPP, increased sensitivity to Cu(II). Increasing or decreasing expression of prs resulted in decreased and increased sensitivity to growth in the presence of Cu(II), respectively. We demonstrate that Prs is inhibited by Cu ions in vivo and in vitro and that treatment of cells with Cu(II) results in decreased PRPP levels. Lastly, we establish that S. aureus that lacks the ability to remove Cu ions from the cytosol is defective in colonizing the airway in a murine model of acute pneumonia, as well as the skin. The data presented are consistent with a model wherein Cu ions inhibits pentose phosphate pathway function and are used by the immune system to prevent S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Norambuena
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hassan Al-Tameemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hannah Bovermann
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - William N. Beavers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Eric P. Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dane Parker
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
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14
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Sazykin IS, Sazykina MA. The role of oxidative stress in genome destabilization and adaptive evolution of bacteria. Gene X 2023; 857:147170. [PMID: 36623672 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The review is devoted to bacterial genome destabilization by oxidative stress. The article discusses the main groups of substances causing such stress. Stress regulons involved in destabilization of genetic material and mechanisms enhancing mutagenesis, bacterial genome rearrangements, and horizontal gene transfer, induced by oxidative damage to cell components are also considered. Based on the analysis of publications, it can be claimed that rapid development of new food substrates and ecological niches by microorganisms occurs due to acceleration of genetic changes induced by oxidative stress, mediated by several stress regulons (SOS, RpoS and RpoE) and under selective pressure. The authors conclude that non-lethal oxidative stress is probably-one of the fundamental processes that guide evolution of prokaryotes and a powerful universal trigger for adaptive destabilization of bacterial genome under changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Sazykin
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - M A Sazykina
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation.
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15
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Host-Mediated Copper Stress Is Not Protective against Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0249522. [PMID: 36413018 PMCID: PMC9769658 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02495-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal ions are required by all organisms for the chemical processes that support life. However, in excess they can also exert toxicity within biological systems. During infection, bacterial pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae are exposed to host-imposed metal intoxication, where the toxic properties of metals, such as copper, are exploited to aid in microbial clearance. However, previous studies investigating the antimicrobial efficacy of copper in vivo have reported variable findings. Here, we use a highly copper-sensitive strain of S. pneumoniae, lacking both copper efflux and intracellular copper buffering by glutathione, to investigate how copper stress is managed and where it is encountered during infection. We show that this strain exhibits highly dysregulated copper homeostasis, leading to the attenuation of growth and hyperaccumulation of copper in vitro. In a murine infection model, whole-tissue copper quantitation and elemental bioimaging of the murine lung revealed that infection with S. pneumoniae resulted in increased copper abundance in specific tissues, with the formation of spatially discrete copper hot spots throughout the lung. While the increased copper was able to reduce the viability of the highly copper-sensitive strain in a pneumonia model, copper levels in professional phagocytes and in a bacteremic model were insufficient to prosecute bacterial clearance. Collectively, this study reveals that host copper is redistributed to sites of infection and can impact bacterial viability in a hypersusceptible strain. However, in wild-type S. pneumoniae, the concerted actions of the copper homeostatic mechanisms are sufficient to facilitate continued viability and virulence of the pathogen. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is one of the world's foremost bacterial pathogens. Treatment of both localized and systemic pneumococcal infection is becoming complicated by increasing rates of multidrug resistance globally. Copper is a potent antimicrobial agent used by the mammalian immune system in the defense against bacterial pathogens. However, unlike other bacterial species, this copper stress is unable to prosecute pneumococcal clearance. This study determines how the mammalian host inflicts copper stress on S. pneumoniae and the bacterial copper tolerance mechanisms that contribute to maintenance of viability and virulence in vitro and in vivo. This work has provided insight into the chemical biology of the host-pneumococcal interaction and identified a potential avenue for novel antimicrobial development.
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16
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A YSK-Type Dehydrin from Nicotiana tabacum Enhanced Copper Tolerance in Escherichia coli. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315162. [PMID: 36499485 PMCID: PMC9737620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient for the maintenance of normal cell function but is toxic in excess. Dehydrins are group two late embryogenesis abundant proteins, which facilitate plant survival in harsh environmental conditions. Here, a YSK-type dehydrin, NtDhn17, was cloned from Nicotiana tabacum under copper toxicity and characterized using a heterologous expression system and in vitro or in vivo experiments and exhibited characteristics of intrinsic disorder during in vitro analyses. Heterologous expression of NtDHN17 enhanced the tolerance of E. coli to various metals, osmotic, and oxidative stress. NtDHN17 showed no Cu2+-binding properties in vivo or in vitro, indicating that metal ion binding is not universal among dehydrins. In vitro and in vivo experiments suggested that NtDHN17 behaved as a potent anti-aggregation agent providing strong protection to aggregated proteins induced by excess copper ions, an effect dependent on the K-segment but not on the Y- or S-segments. In summary, the protective role of NtDHN17 towards E. coli under conditions of copper toxicity may be related to anti-aggregation ability rather than its acting as an ion scavenger, which might be a valuable target for the genetic improvement of resistance to heavy metal stresses in plants.
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17
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Rodríguez-Barajas N, de Jesús Martín-Camacho U, Pérez-Larios A. Mechanisms of Metallic Nanomaterials to Induce an Antibacterial Effect. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:2506-2526. [PMID: 36121083 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220919124104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, are becoming resistant to most existing drugs, which increases the failure of pharmacologic treatment. Therefore, new nanomaterials were studied to spearhead improvement against the same resistant pathogenic bacteria. This has increased the mortality in the world population, principally in under-developed countries. Moreover, recently there has been research to find new drug formulations to kill the most dangerous microorganisms, such as bacteria cells which should avoid the spread of disease. Therefore, lately, investigations have been focusing on nanomaterials because they can exhibit the capacity to show an antibacterial effect. These studies have been trying oriented in their ability to produce an improvement to get antibacterial damage against the same pathogenic bacteria resistance. However, there are many problems with the use of nanoparticles. One of them is understanding how they act against bacteria, "their mechanism(s) action" to induce reduction or even kill the bacterial strains. Therefore, it is essential to understand the specific mechanism(s) of each nanomaterial used to observe the interaction between bacteria cells and nanoparticles. In addition, since nanoparticles can be functionalized with different antibacterial drugs, it is necessary to consider and distinguish the antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles from the antibacterial activity of the drugs to avoid confusion about how the nanoparticles work. Knowledge of these differences can help better understand the applications of the primary nanoparticles (i.e., Ag, Au, CuO, ZnO, and TiO2, among others) described in detail in this review which are toxic against various bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Rodríguez-Barajas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Materiales, Agua y Energía, Departamento de Ingeniería, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, 47600, México
| | - Ubaldo de Jesús Martín-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Materiales, Agua y Energía, Departamento de Ingeniería, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, 47600, México
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Larios
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Materiales, Agua y Energía, Departamento de Ingeniería, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, 47600, México
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18
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Sharma P, Rekhi P, Debnath M. Removal of Heavy Metal by Biosurfactant Producing Novel Halophilic
Staphylococcus sciuri subsp. rodentium
Strain SE I Isolated from Sambhar Salt Lake. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Bioscience Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur 303007 Rajasthan India
| | - Pavni Rekhi
- Department of Bioscience Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur 303007 Rajasthan India
| | - Mousumi Debnath
- Department of Bioscience Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur 303007 Rajasthan India
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19
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Stephens AC, Richardson AR. Recent developments in our understanding of the physiology and nitric oxide-resistance of Staphylococcus aureus. Adv Microb Physiol 2022; 81:111-135. [PMID: 36167441 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen causing a wide range of disease presentations. It harbors a vast array of virulence factors and drug-resistance determinants. All of these factors are coordinately regulated by a hand full of key transcriptional regulators. The regulation and expression of these factors are tightly intertwined with the metabolic state of the cell. Furthermore, alterations in central metabolism are also key to the ability of S. aureus to resist clearance by the host innate immune response, including nitric oxide (NO·) production. Given the fact that central metabolism directly influences virulence, drug resistance and immune tolerance in S. aureus, a better understanding of the metabolic capabilities of this pathogen is critical. This work highlights some of the major findings within the last five years surrounding S. aureus central metabolism, both organic and inorganic. These are also put in the context of the unique NO·-resistance associated with this pathogen as well as their contributions to virulence. The more we understand the intersection between central metabolism and virulence capabilities in S. aureus, the better the chances of developing novel therapeutics so desperately needed to treat this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia C Stephens
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anthony R Richardson
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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20
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Regulatory cross-talk supports resistance to Zn intoxication in Streptococcus. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010607. [PMID: 35862444 PMCID: PMC9345489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metals such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are important trace elements that can affect bacterial cell physiology but can also intoxicate bacteria at high concentrations. Discrete genetic systems for management of Cu and Zn efflux have been described in several bacterial pathogens, including streptococci. However, insight into molecular cross-talk between systems for Cu and Zn management in bacteria that drive metal detoxification, is limited. Here, we describe a biologically consequential cross-system effect of metal management in group B Streptococcus (GBS) governed by the Cu-responsive copY regulator in response to Zn. RNAseq analysis of wild-type (WT) and copY-deficient GBS subjected to metal stress revealed unique transcriptional links between the systems for Cu and Zn detoxification. We show that the Cu-sensing role of CopY extends beyond Cu and enables CopY to regulate Cu and Zn stress responses that effect changes in gene function for central cellular processes, including riboflavin synthesis. CopY also supported GBS intracellular survival in human macrophages and virulence during disseminated infection in mice. In addition, we show a novel role for CovR in modulating GBS resistance to Zn intoxication. Identification of the Zn resistome of GBS using TraDIS revealed a suite of genes essential for GBS growth in metal stress. Several of the genes identified are novel to systems that support bacterial survival in metal stress and represent a diverse set of mechanisms that underpin microbial metal homeostasis during cell stress. Overall, this study reveals a new and important mechanism of cross-system complexity driven by CopY in bacteria to regulate cellular management of metal stress and survival. Metals, such as Cu and Zn, can be used by the mammalian immune system to target bacterial pathogens for destruction, and consequently, bacteria have evolved discrete genetic systems to enable subversion of this host antimicrobial response. Systems for Cu and Zn homeostasis are well characterized, including transcriptional control elements that sense and respond to metal stress. Here, we discover novel features of metal response systems in Streptococcus, which have broad implications for bacterial pathogenesis and virulence. We show that Streptococcus resists Zn intoxication by utilizing a bona fide Cu regulator, CopY, to manage cellular metal homeostasis, and enable the bacteria to survive stressful conditions. We identify several new genes that confer resistance to Zn intoxication in Streptococcus, including some that have hitherto not been linked to metal ion homeostasis in any bacterial pathogen. Identification of a novel cross-system metal management mechanism exploited by Streptococcus to co-ordinate and achieve metal resistance enhances our understanding of metal ion homeostasis in bacteria and its effect on pathogenesis.
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21
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Senges CHR, Warmuth HL, Vázquez-Hernández M, Uzun HD, Sagurna L, Dietze P, Schmidt C, Mücher B, Herlitze S, Krämer U, Ott I, Pomorski TG, Bandow JE. Effects of 4-Br-A23187 on Bacillus subtilis cells and unilamellar vesicles reveal it to be a potent copper ionophore. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2200061. [PMID: 35666003 PMCID: PMC10140759 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ionophores are small molecules or peptides that transport metal ions across biological membranes. Their transport capabilities are typically characterized in vitro using vesicles and single ion species. It is difficult to infer from these data which effects ionophores have on living cells in a complex environment (e.g. culture medium), since net ion movement is influenced by many factors including ion composition of the medium, concentration gradients, pH gradient, and protein-mediated transport processes across the membrane. To gain insights into the antibacterial mechanism of action of the semisynthetic polyether ionophore 4-Br-A23187, known to efficiently transport zinc and manganese in vitro, we investigated its effects on the gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis. In addition to monitoring cellular ion concentrations, the physiological impact of treatment was assessed on the proteome level. 4-Br-A23187 treatment resulted in an increase in intracellular copper levels, the extent of which depended on the copper concentration of the medium. Effects of copper accumulation mirrored by the proteomic response included oxidative stress, disturbance of proteostasis, metal and sulfur homeostasis. The antibiotic effect of 4-Br-A23187 is further aggravated by a decrease in intracellular manganese and magnesium. A liposome model confirmed that 4-Br-A23187 acts as copper ionophore in vitro. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph H R Senges
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Helen L Warmuth
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Melissa Vázquez-Hernández
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Huriye Deniz Uzun
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Leonie Sagurna
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Pascal Dietze
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Inorganic and Organometallic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Brix Mücher
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ute Krämer
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Inorganic and Organometallic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia E Bandow
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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22
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Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for cells, but in excess it is cytotoxic. How Cu is cytotoxic is the subject of recent work by L. Zuily, N. Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for cells, but in excess it is cytotoxic. How Cu is cytotoxic is the subject of recent work by L. Zuily, N. Lahrach, R. Fassler, O. Genest, et al. (mBio 13:e03251-21, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.03251-21). Using Escherichia coli as the model cell, the work shows that anoxic cells accumulate larger amounts of Cu than do oxic cells. Accordingly, Cu is more cytotoxic under anoxic than oxic conditions. The work further shows that Cu cytotoxicity in anoxic bacteria is associated with increased intracellular protein aggregation. The mechanistic details remain as open questions, but these questions highlight that a fundamental understanding of Cu speciation and availability in cells is essential to uncover the cellular consequences of Cu cytotoxicity.
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23
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Nanoscale copper and silver thin film systems display differences in antiviral and antibacterial properties. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7193. [PMID: 35505071 PMCID: PMC9063624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11212-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has exemplified the need for simple and efficient prevention strategies that can be rapidly implemented to mitigate infection risks. Various surfaces have a long history of antimicrobial properties and are well described for the prevention of bacterial infections. However, their effect on many viruses has not been studied in depth. In the context of COVID-19, several surfaces, including copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) coatings have been described as efficient antiviral measures that can easily be implemented to slow viral transmission. In this study, we detected antiviral properties against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) on surfaces, which were coated with Cu by magnetron sputtering as thin Cu films or as Cu/Ag ultrathin bimetallic nanopatches. However, no effect of Ag on viral titers was observed, in clear contrast to its well-known antibacterial properties. Further enhancement of Ag ion release kinetics based on an electrochemical sacrificial anode mechanism did not increase antiviral activity. These results clearly demonstrate that Cu and Ag thin film systems display significant differences in antiviral and antibacterial properties which need to be considered upon implementation.
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The Copper Resistome of Group B Streptococcus Reveals Insight into the Genetic Basis of Cellular Survival during Metal Ion Stress. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0006822. [PMID: 35404113 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00068-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In bacteria, copper (Cu) can support metabolic processes as an enzymatic cofactor but can also cause cell damage if present in excess, leading to intoxication. In group B Streptococcus (GBS), a system for control of Cu efflux based on the prototypical cop operon supports survival during Cu stress. In some other bacteria, genetic systems additional to the cop operon are engaged during Cu stress and also contribute to the management of cellular Cu homeostasis. Here, we examined genetic systems beyond the cop operon in GBS for regions that contribute to survival of GBS in Cu stress using a forward genetic screen and probe of the entire bacterial genome. A high-density mutant library, generated using pGh9-ISS1, was used to expose GBS to Cu stress and compare it to nonexposed controls en masse. Eight genes were identified as essential for GBS survival in Cu stress, whereas five genes constrained GBS growth in Cu stress. The genes encode varied factors including enzymes for metabolism, cell wall synthesis, transporters, and cell signaling factors. Targeted mutation of the genes validated their roles in GBS resistance to Cu stress. Excepting copA, the genes identified are new to the area of bacterial metal ion intoxication. We conclude that a discrete and limited suite of genes beyond the cop operon in GBS contributes to a repertoire of mechanisms used to survive Cu stress in vitro and achieve cellular homeostasis. IMPORTANCE Genetic systems for copper (Cu) homeostasis in bacteria, including streptococci, are vital to survive metal ion stress. Genetic systems that underpin survival of GBS during Cu stress, beyond the archetypal cop operon for Cu management, are undefined. We show that Streptococcus resists Cu intoxication by utilizing a discrete and limited suite of genes beyond the cop operon, including several genes that are new to the area of bacterial cell metal ion homeostasis. The Cu resistome of GBS defined here enhances our understanding of metal ion homeostasis in GBS.
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Kaur I, Purves J, Harwood M, Ketley JM, Andrew PW, Waldron KJ, Morrissey JA. Role of horizontally transferred copper resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168:001162. [PMID: 35404222 PMCID: PMC10233261 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved mechanisms which enable them to control intracellular concentrations of metals. In the case of transition metals, such as copper, iron and zinc, bacteria must ensure enough is available as a cofactor for enzymes whilst at the same time preventing the accumulation of excess concentrations, which can be toxic. Interestingly, metal homeostasis and resistance systems have been found to play important roles in virulence. This review will discuss the copper homeostasis and resistance systems in Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes and the implications that acquisition of additional copper resistance genes may have in these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderpreet Kaur
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Joanne Purves
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Matthew Harwood
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Julian M. Ketley
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Peter W. Andrew
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Kevin J. Waldron
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Catherine Cookson Building Framlington Place Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Julie A. Morrissey
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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Abstract
Copper is well known for its antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Under aerobic conditions, copper toxicity relies in part on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially in the periplasmic compartment. However, copper is significantly more toxic under anaerobic conditions, in which ROS cannot be produced. This toxicity has been proposed to arise from the inactivation of proteins through mismetallations. Here, using the bacterium Escherichia coli, we discovered that copper treatment under anaerobic conditions leads to a significant increase in protein aggregation. In vitro experiments using E. coli lysates and tightly controlled redox conditions confirmed that treatment with Cu+ under anaerobic conditions leads to severe ROS-independent protein aggregation. Proteomic analysis of aggregated proteins revealed an enrichment of cysteine- and histidine-containing proteins in the Cu+-treated samples, suggesting that nonspecific interactions of Cu+ with these residues are likely responsible for the observed protein aggregation. In addition, E. coli strains lacking the cytosolic chaperone DnaK or trigger factor are highly sensitive to copper stress. These results reveal that bacteria rely on these chaperone systems to protect themselves against Cu-mediated protein aggregation and further support our finding that Cu toxicity is related to Cu-induced protein aggregation. Overall, our work provides new insights into the mechanism of Cu toxicity and the defense mechanisms that bacteria employ to survive.
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Schmidt C, Zollo M, Bonsignore R, Casini A, Hacker S. Competitive Profiling of Ligandable Cysteines in Staphylococcus aureus with an Organogold Compound. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5526-5529. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01259f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the idea of exploiting metal templated C–S bond forming reactions to achieve modification of cysteines in bacterial proteins, a cyclometalated Au(III) compound was explored in a competitive chemoproteomic approach...
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Mazzotta MG, McIlvin MR, Moran DM, Wang DT, Bidle KD, Lamborg CH, Saito MA. Characterization of the metalloproteome of Pseudoalteromonas (BB2-AT2): biogeochemical underpinnings for zinc, manganese, cobalt, and nickel cycling in a ubiquitous marine heterotroph. Metallomics 2021; 13:6409836. [PMID: 34694406 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoalteromonas (BB2-AT2) is a ubiquitous marine heterotroph, often associated with labile organic carbon sources in the ocean (e.g. phytoplankton blooms and sinking particles). Heterotrophs hydrolyze exported photosynthetic materials, components of the biological carbon pump, with the use of diverse metalloenzymes containing zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni). Studies on the metal requirements and cytosolic utilization of metals for marine heterotrophs are scarce, despite their relevance to global carbon cycling. Here, we characterized the Zn, Mn, Co, and Ni metallome of BB2-AT2. We found that the Zn metallome is complex and cytosolic Zn is associated with numerous proteins for transcription (47.2% of the metallome, obtained from singular value decomposition of the metalloproteomic data), translation (33.5%), proteolysis (12.8%), and alkaline phosphatase activity (6.4%). Numerous proteolytic enzymes also appear to be putatively associated with Mn, and to a lesser extent, Co. Putative identification of the Ni-associated proteins, phosphoglucomutase and a protein in the cupin superfamily, provides new insights for Ni utilization in marine heterotrophs. BB2-AT2 relies on numerous transition metals for proteolytic and phosphatase activities, inferring an adaptative potential to metal limitation. Our field observations of increased alkaline phosphatase activity upon addition of Zn in field incubations suggest that such metal limitation operates in sinking particulate material collected from sediment traps. Taken together, this study improves our understanding of the Zn, Mn, Co, and Ni metallome of marine heterotrophic bacteria and provides novel and mechanistic frameworks for understanding the influence of nutrient limitation on biogeochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Mazzotta
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Matthew R McIlvin
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Dawn M Moran
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - David T Wang
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Kay D Bidle
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Carl H Lamborg
- Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Mak A Saito
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
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29
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Salcedo-Sora JE, Robison ATR, Zaengle-Barone J, Franz KJ, Kell DB. Membrane Transporters Involved in the Antimicrobial Activities of Pyrithione in Escherichia coli. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195826. [PMID: 34641370 PMCID: PMC8510280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrithione (2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide) is a metal binding modified pyridine, the antibacterial activity of which was described over 60 years ago. The formulation of zinc-pyrithione is commonly used in the topical treatment of certain dermatological conditions. However, the characterisation of the cellular uptake of pyrithione has not been elucidated, although an unsubstantiated assumption has persisted that pyrithione and/or its metal complexes undergo a passive diffusion through cell membranes. Here, we have profiled specific membrane transporters from an unbiased interrogation of 532 E. coli strains of knockouts of genes encoding membrane proteins from the Keio collection. Two membrane transporters, FepC and MetQ, seemed involved in the uptake of pyrithione and its cognate metal complexes with copper, iron, and zinc. Additionally, the phenotypes displayed by CopA and ZntA knockouts suggested that these two metal effluxers drive the extrusion from the bacterial cell of potentially toxic levels of copper, and perhaps zinc, which hyperaccumulate as a function of pyrithione. The involvement of these distinct membrane transporters contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of action of pyrithione specifically and highlights, more generally, the important role that membrane transporters play in facilitating the uptake of drugs, including metal-drug compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Enrique Salcedo-Sora
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Correspondence: (J.E.S.-S.); (K.J.F.); (D.B.K.)
| | - Amy T. R. Robison
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA; (A.T.R.R.); (J.Z.-B.)
| | - Jacqueline Zaengle-Barone
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA; (A.T.R.R.); (J.Z.-B.)
| | - Katherine J. Franz
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA; (A.T.R.R.); (J.Z.-B.)
- Correspondence: (J.E.S.-S.); (K.J.F.); (D.B.K.)
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
- Correspondence: (J.E.S.-S.); (K.J.F.); (D.B.K.)
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30
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Betts HD, Neville SL, McDevitt CA, Sumby CJ, Harris HH. The biochemical fate of Ag + ions in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and biological media. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 225:111598. [PMID: 34517168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Silver is commonly included in a range of household and medical items to provide bactericidal action. Despite this, the chemical fate of the metal in both mammalian and bacterial systems remains poorly understood. Here, we applied a metallomics approach using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and size-exclusion chromatography hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS) to advance our understanding of the biochemical fate of silver ions in bacterial culture and cells, and the chemistry associated with these interactions. When silver ions were added to lysogeny broth, silver was exclusively associated with moderately-sized species (~30 kDa) and bound by thiolate ligands. In two representative bacterial pathogens cultured in lysogeny broth including sub-lethal concentrations of ionic silver, silver was found in cells to be predominantly coordinated by thiolate species. The silver biomacromolecule-binding profile in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was complex, with silver bound by a range of species spanning from 20 kDa to >1220 kDa. In bacterial cells, silver was nonuniformly colocalised with copper-bound proteins, suggesting that cellular copper processing may, in part, confuse silver for nutrient copper. Notably, in the treated cells, silver was not detected bound to low molecular weight compounds such as glutathione or bacillithiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harley D Betts
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Stephanie L Neville
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Christopher A McDevitt
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Christopher J Sumby
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Hugh H Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia,.
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31
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Wang TL, Zhou ZF, Liu JF, Hou XD, Zhou Z, Dai YL, Hou ZY, Chen F, Zheng LP. Donut-like MOFs of copper/nicotinic acid and composite hydrogels with superior bioactivity for rh-bFGF delivering and skin wound healing. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:275. [PMID: 34503490 PMCID: PMC8427876 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin injury and the resultant defects are common clinical problems, and usually lead to chronic skin ulcers and even life-threatening diseases. Copper, an essential trace element of human body, has been reported to promote the regeneration of skin by stimulating proliferation of endothelial cell and enhance angiogenesis. Results Herein, we have prepared a new donut-like metal–organic frameworks (MOF) of copper-nicotinic acid (CuNA) by a simple solvothermal reaction. The rough surface of CuNA is beneficial for loading/release basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The CuNAs with/without bFGF are easily processed into a light-responsive composite hydrogel with GelMA, which not only show excellent mechanical properties, but also display superior biocompatibility, antibacterial ability and bioactivity. Moreover, in the in vivo full-thickness defect model of skin wound, the resultant CuNA-bFGF@GelMA hydrogels significantly accelerate the wound healing, by simultaneously inhibiting the inflammatory response, promoting the new blood vessels formation and the deposition of collagen and elastic fibers. Conclusions Considering the superior biocompatibility, antibacterial ability and bioactivity, the CuNA and its composite light-responsive hydrogel system will be promising in the applications of skin and even other tissue regeneration. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01014-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Long Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Fei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Trauma Emergency Center, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jun-Feng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Lu Dai
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Hou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China.
| | - Long-Po Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Trauma Emergency Center, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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32
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Lorenzo-Gutiérrez D, Gómez-Gil L, Guarro J, Roncero MIG, Capilla J, López-Fernández L. Cu transporter protein CrpF protects against Cu-induced toxicity in Fusarium oxysporum. Virulence 2021; 11:1108-1121. [PMID: 32862758 PMCID: PMC7549990 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1809324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu is an essential trace element for cell growth and proliferation. However, excess of Cu accumulation leads to cellular toxicity. Thus, precise and tight regulation of Cu homeostasis processes, including transport, delivery, storage, detoxification, and efflux machineries, is required. Moreover, the maintenance of Cu homeostasis is critical for the survival and virulence of fungal pathogens. Cu homeostasis has been extensively studied in mammals, bacteria, and yeast, but it has not yet been well documented in filamentous fungi. In the present work, we investigated Cu tolerance in the filamentous fungus Fusarium oxysporum by analysing the Cu transporter coding gene crpF, previously studied in Aspergillus fumigatus. The expression studies demonstrated that crpF is upregulated in the presence of Cu and its deletion leads to severe sensitivity to low levels of CuSO4 in F. oxysporum. Targeted deletion of crpF did not significantly alter the resistance of the fungus to macrophage killing, nor its pathogenic behaviour on the tomato plants. However, the targeted deletion mutant ΔcrpF showed increased virulence in a murine model of systemic infection compared to wild-type strain (wt).
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Lorenzo-Gutiérrez
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus, Spain
| | - Lucía Gómez-Gil
- Departamento de Genetica, Facultad de Ciencias and Campus De Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Cordoba , Cordoba, Spain
| | - Josep Guarro
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus, Spain
| | - M Isabel G Roncero
- Departamento de Genetica, Facultad de Ciencias and Campus De Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Cordoba , Cordoba, Spain
| | - Javier Capilla
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus, Spain
| | - Loida López-Fernández
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus, Spain
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33
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Serafini A. Interplay between central carbon metabolism and metal homeostasis in mycobacteria and other human pathogens. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2021; 167. [PMID: 34080971 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial nutrition is a fundamental aspect of pathogenesis. While the host environment is in principle nutrient-rich, hosts have evolved strategies to interfere with nutrient acquisition by pathogens. In turn, pathogens have developed mechanisms to circumvent these restrictions. Changing the availability of bioavailable metal ions is a common strategy used by hosts to limit bacterial replication. Macrophages and neutrophils withhold iron, manganese, and zinc ions to starve bacteria. Alternatively, they can release manganese, zinc, and copper ions to intoxicate microorganisms. Metals are essential micronutrients and participate in catalysis, macromolecular structure, and signalling. This review summarises our current understanding of how central carbon metabolism in pathogens adapts to local fluctuations in free metal ion concentrations. We focus on the transcriptomics and proteomics data produced in studies of the iron-sparing response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis, and consequently generate a hypothetical model linking trehalose accumulation, succinate secretion and substrate-level phosphorylation in iron-starved M. tuberculosis. This review also aims to highlight a large gap in our knowledge of pathogen physiology: the interplay between metal homeostasis and central carbon metabolism, two cellular processes which are usually studied separately. Integrating metabolism and metal biology would allow the discovery of new weaknesses in bacterial physiology, leading to the development of novel and improved antibacterial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Serafini
- Independent researcher 00012 Guidonia Montecelio, Rome, Italy
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34
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Giachino A, Focarelli F, Marles-Wright J, Waldron KJ. Synthetic biology approaches to copper remediation: bioleaching, accumulation and recycling. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6021318. [PMID: 33501489 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the current aims of synthetic biology is the development of novel microorganisms that can mine economically important elements from the environment or remediate toxic waste compounds. Copper, in particular, is a high-priority target for bioremediation owing to its extensive use in the food, metal and electronic industries and its resulting common presence as an environmental pollutant. Even though microbe-aided copper biomining is a mature technology, its application to waste treatment and remediation of contaminated sites still requires further research and development. Crucially, any engineered copper-remediating chassis must survive in copper-rich environments and adapt to copper toxicity; they also require bespoke adaptations to specifically extract copper and safely accumulate it as a human-recoverable deposit to enable biorecycling. Here, we review current strategies in copper bioremediation, biomining and biorecycling, as well as strategies that extant bacteria use to enhance copper tolerance, accumulation and mineralization in the native environment. By describing the existing toolbox of copper homeostasis proteins from naturally occurring bacteria, we show how these modular systems can be exploited through synthetic biology to enhance the properties of engineered microbes for biotechnological copper recovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giachino
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Focarelli
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Marles-Wright
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Waldron
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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35
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Król-Górniak A, Pomastowski P, Railean-Plugaru V, Žuvela P, Wong MW, Pauter K, Szultka-Młyńska M, Buszewski B. The study of the molecular mechanism of Lactobacillus paracasei clumping via divalent metal ions by electrophoretic separation. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462127. [PMID: 34214833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the molecular mechanism of Lactobacillus paracasei bio-colloid clumping under divalent metal ions treatment such as zinc, copper and magnesium at constant concentrations was studied. The work involved experimental (electrophoretic - capillary electrophoresis in pseudo-isotachophoresis mode, spectroscopic and spectrometric - FT-IR and MALDI-TOF-MS, microscopic - fluorescent microscopy, and flow cytometry) and theoretical (DFT calculations of model complex systems) characterization. Electrophoretic results have pointed out the formation of aggregates under the Zn2+ and Cu2+ modification, whereas the use of the Mg2+ allowed focusing the zone of L. paracasei biocolloid. According to the FT-IR analysis, the major functional groups involved in the aggregation are deprotonated carboxyl and amide groups derived from the bacterial surface structure. Nature of the divalent metal ions was shown to be one of the key factors influencing the bacterial aggregation process. Proteomic analysis showed that surface modification had a considerable impact on bacteria molecular profiles and protein expression, mainly linked to the activation of carbohydrate and nucleotides metabolism as well with the transcription regulation and membrane transport. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations of modeled Cu2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ coordination complexes support the interaction between the divalent metal ions and bacterial proteins. Consequently, the possible mechanism of the aggregation phenomenon was proposed. Therefore, this comprehensive study could be further applied in evaluation of biocolloid aggregation under different types of metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Król-Górniak
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Poland; Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Viorica Railean-Plugaru
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Poland; Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Petar Žuvela
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Katarzyna Pauter
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Poland; Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Poland; Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Poland; Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland.
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36
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Wiebelhaus N, Zaengle-Barone JM, Hwang KK, Franz KJ, Fitzgerald MC. Protein Folding Stability Changes Across the Proteome Reveal Targets of Cu Toxicity in E. coli. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:214-224. [PMID: 33305953 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability of metal ionophores to induce cellular metal hyperaccumulation endows them with potent antimicrobial activity; however, the targets and mechanisms behind these outcomes are not well understood. This work describes the first utilization of proteome-wide measurements of protein folding stability in combination with protein expression level analysis to identify protein targets of copper, thereby providing new insight into ionophore-induced copper toxicity in E. coli. The protein folding stability analysis employed a one-pot protocol for pulse proteolysis (PP) in combination with a semi-tryptic peptide enrichment strategy for proteolysis procedures (STEPP) to generate stability profiles for proteins in cell lysates derived from E. coli exposed to copper with and without two ionophores, the antimicrobial agent pyrithione and its β-lactamase-activated prodrug, PcephPT. As part of this work, the above cell lysates were also subject to protein expression level analysis using conventional quantitative bottom-up proteomic methods. The protein folding stability and expression level profiles generated here enabled the effects of ionophore vs copper to be distinguished and revealed copper-driven stability changes in proteins involved in processes spanning metabolism, translation, and cell redox homeostasis. The 159 differentially stabilized proteins identified in this analysis were significantly more numerous (∼3×) than the 53 proteins identified with differential expression levels. These results illustrate the unique information that protein stability measurements can provide to decipher metal-dependent processes in drug mode of action studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Wiebelhaus
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | | | - Kevin K. Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Katherine J. Franz
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Michael C. Fitzgerald
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Betts HD, Whitehead C, Harris HH. Silver in biology and medicine: opportunities for metallomics researchers. Metallomics 2020; 13:6029133. [PMID: 33570135 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial properties of silver have been known for centuries and the threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to renewed focus on the noble metal. Silver is now commonly included in a range of household and medical items to imbue them with bactericidal properties. Despite this, the chemical fate of the metal in biological systems is poorly understood. Silver(I) is a soft metal with high affinity for soft donor atoms and displays much similarity to the chemistry of Cu(I). In bacteria, interaction of silver with the cell wall/membrane, DNA, and proteins and enzymes can lead to cell death. Additionally, the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species by silver is posited to be a significant antimicrobial action. While the antibacterial action of silver is well known, bacteria found in silver mines display resistance against it through use of a protein ensemble thought to have been specifically developed for the metal, highlighting the need for judicious use. In mammals, ∼10-20% of ingested silver is retained by the body and thought to predominantly localize in the liver or kidneys. Chronic exposure can result in argyria, a condition characterized by blue staining of the skin, resulting from subdermal deposition of silver [as Ag(0)/sulfides], but more insidious side effects, such as inclusions in the brain, seizures, liver/kidney damage, and immunosuppression, have also been reported. Here, we hope to highlight the current understanding of the biological chemistry of silver and the necessity for continued study of these systems to fill existing gaps in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harley D Betts
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Carole Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Hugh H Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, SA 5005, Australia
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Seo JJ, Mandakhbayar N, Kang MS, Yoon JY, Lee NH, Ahn J, Lee HH, Lee JH, Kim HW. Antibacterial, proangiogenic, and osteopromotive nanoglass paste coordinates regenerative process following bacterial infection in hard tissue. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120593. [PMID: 33348262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infection raises serious concerns in tissue repair settings involved with implantable biomaterials, devastating the regenerative process and even life-threatening. When hard tissues are infected with bacteria (called 'osteomyelitis'), often the cases in open fracture or chronic inflammation, a complete restoration of regenerative capacity is significantly challenging even with highly-dosed antibiotics or surgical intervention. The implantable biomaterials are thus needed to be armored to fight bacteria then to relay regenerative events. To this end, here we propose a nanoglass paste made of ~200-nm-sized silicate-glass (with Ca, Cu) particles that are hardened in contact with aqueous medium and multiple-therapeutic, i.e., anti-bacterial, pro-angiogenic and osteopromotive. The nanoglass paste self-hardened via networks of precipitated nano-islands from leached ions to exhibit ultrahigh surface area (~300 m2/g), amenable to fill tunable defects with active biomolecular interactions. Also, the nanoglass paste could release multiple ions (silicate, calcium, and copper) at therapeutically relevant doses and sustainably (for days to weeks), implying possible roles in surrounding cells/tissues as a therapeutic-ions reservoir. The osteopromotive effects of nanoglass paste were evidenced by the stimulated osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Also, the nanoglass paste promoted angiogenesis of endothelial cells in vitro and vasculature formation in vivo. Furthermore, the significant bactericidal effect of nanoglass paste, as assessed with E. coli and S. aureus, highlighted the role of copper played in elevating ROS level and destroying homeostasis, which salvaged tissue cells from co-cultivated bacteria contamination. When administered topically to rat tibia osteomyelitis defects, the nanoglass paste enhanced in vivo bone healing and fracture resistance. The developed nanoglass paste, given its self-setting property and the coordinated therapeutic actions, is considered to be a promising drug-free inorganic biomaterial platform for the regenerative therapy of bacteria-infected hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ju Seo
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Nandin Mandakhbayar
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sil Kang
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Yoon
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hyun Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyong Ahn
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea.
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea.
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Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential metal for bacterial physiology but in excess it is bacteriotoxic. To limit Cu levels in the cytoplasm, most bacteria possess a transcriptionally responsive system for Cu export. In the Gram-positive human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus [GAS]), this system is encoded by the copYAZ operon. This study demonstrates that although the site of GAS infection represents a Cu-rich environment, inactivation of the copA Cu efflux gene does not reduce virulence in a mouse model of invasive disease. In vitro, Cu treatment leads to multiple observable phenotypes, including defects in growth and viability, decreased fermentation, inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapA) activity, and misregulation of metal homeostasis, likely as a consequence of mismetalation of noncognate metal-binding sites by Cu. Surprisingly, the onset of these effects is delayed by ∼4 h even though expression of copZ is upregulated immediately upon exposure to Cu. Further biochemical investigations show that the onset of all phenotypes coincides with depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH). Supplementation with extracellular GSH replenishes the intracellular pool of this thiol and suppresses all the observable effects of Cu treatment. These results indicate that GSH buffers excess intracellular Cu when the transcriptionally responsive Cu export system is overwhelmed. Thus, while the copYAZ operon is responsible for Cu homeostasis, GSH has a role in Cu tolerance and allows bacteria to maintain metabolism even in the presence of an excess of this metal ion.IMPORTANCE The control of intracellular metal availability is fundamental to bacterial physiology. In the case of copper (Cu), it has been established that rising intracellular Cu levels eventually fill the metal-sensing site of the endogenous Cu-sensing transcriptional regulator, which in turn induces transcription of a copper export pump. This response caps intracellular Cu availability below a well-defined threshold and prevents Cu toxicity. Glutathione, abundant in many bacteria, is known to bind Cu and has long been assumed to contribute to bacterial Cu handling. However, there is some ambiguity since neither its biosynthesis nor uptake is Cu-regulated. Furthermore, there is little experimental support for this physiological role of glutathione beyond measuring growth of glutathione-deficient mutants in the presence of Cu. Our work with group A Streptococcus provides new evidence that glutathione increases the threshold of intracellular Cu availability that can be tolerated by bacteria and thus advances fundamental understanding of bacterial Cu handling.
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Han W, Liu X, Wang L, Zhou X. Engineering of lipid microbubbles-coated copper and selenium nanoparticles: Ultrasound-stimulated radiation of anticancer activity ian human ovarian cancer cells. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Al-Tameemi H, Beavers WN, Norambuena J, Skaar EP, Boyd JM. Staphylococcus aureus lacking a functional MntABC manganese import system has increased resistance to copper. Mol Microbiol 2020; 115:554-573. [PMID: 33034093 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
S. aureus USA300 isolates utilize the copBL and copAZ gene products to prevent Cu intoxication. We created and examined a ΔcopAZ ΔcopBL mutant strain (cop-). The cop- strain was sensitive to Cu and accumulated intracellular Cu. We screened a transposon (Tn) mutant library in the cop- background and isolated strains with Tn insertions in the mntABC operon that permitted growth in the presence of Cu. The mutations were in mntA and they were recessive. Under the growth conditions utilized, MntABC functioned in manganese (Mn) import. When cultured with Cu, strains containing a mntA::Tn accumulated less Cu than the parent strain. Mn(II) supplementation improved growth when cop- was cultured with Cu and this phenotype was dependent upon the presence of MntR, which is a repressor of mntABC transcription. A ΔmntR strain had an increased Cu load and decreased growth in the presence of Cu, which was abrogated by the introduction of mntA::Tn. Over-expression of mntABC increased cellular Cu load and sensitivity to Cu. The presence of a mntA::Tn mutation protected iron-sulfur (FeS) enzymes from inactivation by Cu. The data presented are consistent with a model wherein defective MntABC results in decreased cellular Cu accumulation and protection to FeS enzymes from Cu poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Al-Tameemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - William N Beavers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Javiera Norambuena
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Steunou AS, Babot M, Bourbon M, Tambosi R, Durand A, Liotenberg S, Krieger‐Liszkay A, Yamaichi Y, Ouchane S. Additive effects of metal excess and superoxide, a highly toxic mixture in bacteria. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1515-1529. [PMID: 32558268 PMCID: PMC7415354 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination is a serious environmental problem. Understanding the toxicity mechanisms may allow to lower concentration of metals in the metal-based antimicrobial treatments of crops, and reduce metal content in soil and groundwater. Here, we investigate the interplay between metal efflux systems and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the purple bacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosus and other bacteria through analysis of the impact of metal accumulation. Exposure of the Cd2+ -efflux mutant ΔcadA to Cd2+ caused an increase in the amount and activity of the cytosolic Fe-Sod SodB, thereby suggesting a role of SodB in the protection against Cd2+ . In support of this conclusion, inactivation of sodB gene in the ΔcadA cells alleviated detoxification of superoxide and enhanced Cd2+ toxicity. Similar findings were described in the Cu+ -efflux mutant with Cu+ . Induction of the Mn-Sod or Fe-Sod in response to metals in other bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Vibrio cholera and Bacillus subtilis, was also shown. Both excess Cd2+ or Cu+ and superoxide can damage [4Fe-4S] clusters. The additive effect of metal and superoxide on the [4Fe-4S] could therefore explain the hypersensitive phenotype in mutants lacking SOD and the efflux ATPase. These findings underscore that ROS defence system becomes decisive for bacterial survival under metal excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Soisig Steunou
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CEACNRSUniversité Paris‐Saclay91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Marion Babot
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CEACNRSUniversité Paris‐Saclay91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Marie‐Line Bourbon
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CEACNRSUniversité Paris‐Saclay91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Reem Tambosi
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CEACNRSUniversité Paris‐Saclay91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Anne Durand
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CEACNRSUniversité Paris‐Saclay91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Sylviane Liotenberg
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CEACNRSUniversité Paris‐Saclay91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Anja Krieger‐Liszkay
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CEACNRSUniversité Paris‐Saclay91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Yoshiharu Yamaichi
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CEACNRSUniversité Paris‐Saclay91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Soufian Ouchane
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CEACNRSUniversité Paris‐Saclay91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
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43
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An evolutionary path to altered cofactor specificity in a metalloenzyme. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2738. [PMID: 32483131 PMCID: PMC7264356 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost half of all enzymes utilize a metal cofactor. However, the features that dictate the metal utilized by metalloenzymes are poorly understood, limiting our ability to manipulate these enzymes for industrial and health-associated applications. The ubiquitous iron/manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD) family exemplifies this deficit, as the specific metal used by any family member cannot be predicted. Biochemical, structural and paramagnetic analysis of two evolutionarily related SODs with different metal specificity produced by the pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus identifies two positions that control metal specificity. These residues make no direct contacts with the metal-coordinating ligands but control the metal’s redox properties, demonstrating that subtle architectural changes can dramatically alter metal utilization. Introducing these mutations into S. aureus alters the ability of the bacterium to resist superoxide stress when metal starved by the host, revealing that small changes in metal-dependent activity can drive the evolution of metalloenzymes with new cofactor specificity. Many metalloenzymes are highly specific for their cognate metal ion but the molecular principles underlying this specificity often remain unclear. Here, the authors characterize the structural and biochemical basis for the different metal specificity of two evolutionarily related superoxide dismutases.
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44
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Wang H, Wang M, Yang X, Xu X, Hao Q, Yan A, Hu M, Lobinski R, Li H, Sun H. Antimicrobial silver targets glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in glycolysis of E. coli. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7193-7199. [PMID: 31588287 PMCID: PMC6685357 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02032b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver has long been used as an antibacterial agent, yet its molecular targets remain largely unknown. Using a custom-designed coupling of gel electrophoresis with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GE-ICP-MS), we identified six silver-binding proteins in E. coli. The majority of the identified proteins are associated with the central carbon metabolism of E. coli. Among them, we unveil that GAPDH, an essential enzyme in glycolysis, serves as a vital target of Ag+ in E. coli for the first time. We demonstrate that silver inhibits the enzymatic function of GAPDH through targeting Cys149 in its catalytic site. The X-ray structure reveals that Ag+ coordinates to Cys149 and His176 with a quasi-linear geometry (S-Ag-N angle of 157°). And unexpectedly, two Ag+ ions coordinate to Cys288 in the non-catalytic site with weak argentophilic interaction (Ag···Ag distance of 2.9 Å). This is the first report on antimicrobial Ag+ targeting a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway of E. coli. The findings expand our knowledge on the mode of action and bio-coordination chemistry of silver, particularly silver-targeting residues in proteins at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P. R. China .
| | - Minji Wang
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P. R. China
| | - Xinming Yang
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P. R. China .
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P. R. China .
| | - Quan Hao
- School of Biomedical Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam , Hong Kong , China
| | - Aixin Yan
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P. R. China
| | - Menglong Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam , Hong Kong , China
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- CNRS/University of Pau , Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials , IPREM-UMR5254 , Hélioparc, 2, Avenue Angot , 64053 Pau , France
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P. R. China .
| | - Hongzhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P. R. China .
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Párraga Solórzano PK, Yao J, Rock CO, Kehl-Fie TE. Disruption of Glycolysis by Nutritional Immunity Activates a Two-Component System That Coordinates a Metabolic and Antihost Response by Staphylococcus aureus. mBio 2019; 10:e01321-19. [PMID: 31387906 PMCID: PMC6686040 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01321-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During infection, bacteria use two-component signal transduction systems to sense and adapt to the dynamic host environment. Despite critically contributing to infection, the activating signals of most of these regulators remain unknown. This also applies to the Staphylococcus aureus ArlRS two-component system, which contributes to virulence by coordinating the production of toxins, adhesins, and a metabolic response that enables the bacterium to overcome host-imposed manganese starvation. Restricting the availability of essential transition metals, a strategy known as nutritional immunity, constitutes a critical defense against infection. In this work, expression analysis revealed that manganese starvation imposed by the immune effector calprotectin or by the absence of glycolytic substrates activates ArlRS. Manganese starvation imposed by calprotectin also activated the ArlRS system even when glycolytic substrates were present. A combination of metabolomics, mutational analysis, and metabolic feeding experiments revealed that ArlRS is activated by alterations in metabolic flux occurring in the latter half of the glycolytic pathway. Moreover, calprotectin was found to induce expression of staphylococcal leukocidins in an ArlRS-dependent manner. These studies indicated that ArlRS is a metabolic sensor that allows S. aureus to integrate multiple environmental stresses that alter glycolytic flux to coordinate an antihost response and to adapt to manganese starvation. They also established that the latter half of glycolysis represents a checkpoint to monitor metabolic state in S. aureus Altogether, these findings contribute to understanding how invading pathogens, such as S. aureus, adapt to the host during infection and suggest the existence of similar mechanisms in other bacterial species.IMPORTANCE Two-component regulatory systems enable bacteria to adapt to changes in their environment during infection by altering gene expression and coordinating antihost responses. Despite the critical role of two-component systems in bacterial survival and pathogenesis, the activating signals for most of these regulators remain unidentified. This is exemplified by ArlRS, a Staphylococcus aureus global regulator that contributes to virulence and to resisting host-mediated restriction of essential nutrients, such as manganese. In this report, we demonstrate that manganese starvation and the absence of glycolytic substrates activate ArlRS. Further investigations revealed that ArlRS is activated when the latter half of glycolysis is disrupted, suggesting that S. aureus monitors flux through the second half of this pathway. Host-imposed manganese starvation also induced the expression of pore-forming toxins in an ArlRS-dependent manner. Cumulatively, this work reveals that ArlRS acts as a sensor that links nutritional status, cellular metabolism, and virulence regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola K Párraga Solórzano
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Jiangwei Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles O Rock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas E Kehl-Fie
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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46
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Crawford CL, Dalecki AG, Narmore WT, Hoff J, Hargett AA, Renfrow MB, Zhang M, Kalubowilage M, Bossmann SH, Queern SL, Lapi SE, Hunter RN, Bao D, Augelli-Szafran CE, Kutsch O, Wolschendorf F. Pyrazolopyrimidinones, a novel class of copper-dependent bactericidal antibiotics against multi-drug resistant S. aureus. Metallomics 2019; 11:784-798. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00316e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolopyrimidinones traffic copper into S. aureus, depleting ATP and altering essential ion concentrations, resulting in the death of the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex G. Dalecki
- Department of Medicine
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham
- USA
| | | | - Jessica Hoff
- Department of Medicine
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham
- USA
| | - Audra A. Hargett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham
- USA
| | - Matthew B. Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham
- USA
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
| | | | | | - Stacy L. Queern
- Department of Radiology
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Robert N. Hunter
- Department of Chemistry
- Drug Discovery Division
- Southern Research
- Birmingham
- USA
| | - Donghui Bao
- Department of Chemistry
- Drug Discovery Division
- Southern Research
- Birmingham
- USA
| | | | - Olaf Kutsch
- Department of Medicine
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham
- USA
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