1
|
Kausar Z, Mansha A, Asim S. Effect of Chloride, Sulfate, and Ferrate Salts on Electronic Energy Levels of Anthracene Proving it a Potential Candidate as an ON and ON-OFF UV-Vis Sensor. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:1365-1378. [PMID: 37530932 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Anthracene molecule possesses remarkable optical activity and till today this molecule is of special interest of scientists. Present study is focused on the study of effects of Chloride, Sulfate, Nitrate and Ferrate salts on absorption and emission spectra of targeted fluorophore in carbontetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane and methanol. Prominent solvatochromic effects shows dependence of HOMO-LUMO orbitals on solvent polarity. Anthracene molecules exhibits changes in absorption and emission spectra, and show both ON and ON-OFF behavior on addition of said ions. Based on experimental results it was concluded that fluorophore molecule could be used more effectively as UV-Visible (UV-V) sensors in comparison to the emission sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Kausar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim Mansha
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Asim
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
George GC, Hutchins KM. Solid-State [4+4] Cycloaddition and Cycloreversion with Use of Unpaired Hydrogen-Bond Donors to Achieve Solvatomorphism and Stabilization. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302482. [PMID: 37639230 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of a commercially available anthracene derivative, anthracene-9-thiocarboxamide, is reported here for the first time. The compound undergoes a [4+4] cycloaddition in the solid state to afford facile synthesis of the cycloadduct (CA). The cycloaddition is also reversible in the solid state using heat or mechanical force. Due to the presence of unpaired, strong hydrogen-bond donor atoms on the CA, significant solvatomorphism is achieved, and components of the solvatomorphs self-assemble into four different classes of supramolecular structures. The CA readily crystallizes with a variety of structurally-diverse solvents including those containing oxygen-, nitrogen-, or pi-acceptors. Some of the solvents the CA crystallized with include thiophene, benzene, and the three xylene isomers; thus, the CA was employed in industrially-relevant solvent separation. However, in competition studies, the CA did not exhibit selectivity. Lastly, it is demonstrated that the CA crystallizes with vinyl-containing monomers and is currently the only compound that crystallizes with both widely used monomers 4-vinylpyridine and styrene. Solid-state complexation of the CA with the monomers affords over a 50 °C increase in the monomer's thermal stabilities. The strategy of designing molecules with unused donors can be applied to achieve separations or volatile liquid stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary C George
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Kristin M Hutchins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang F, Geng T, Shen H, Kou Y, Xiao G, Zou B, Chen Y. Mechanochemical Release of Fluorophores from a "Flex-activated" Mechanophore. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308662. [PMID: 37565546 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical force probes that can release force-dependent and visualized signals with minimal changes in the polymer main chains under mechanical load are highly sought after but currently limited. In this study, we introduce a flex-activated mechanophore (FA) based on the Diels-Alder adduct of anthracene and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylatea that exhibits turn-on mechanofluorescence. We demonstrate that when FA is incorporated into polymer networks or in its crystalline state, it can release fluorescent anthracenes through a retro-Diels-Alder mechanochemical reaction under compression or hydrostatic high pressure, respectively. The flex-activated mechanism of FA is successfully confirmed. Furthermore, we systematically modulate the force delivered to the mechanophore by varying the crosslinking density of the networks and the applied macroscopic pressures. This modulation leads to incremental increases in mechanophore activation, successive release of anthracenes, and quantitative enhancement of fluorescence intensity. The exceptional potential of FA as a sensitive force probe in different bulk states is highlighted, benefiting from its unique flex-activated mode with highly emissive fluorophore releasing. Overall, this report enriches our understanding of the structures and functions of flex-activated mechanophores and polymeric materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Information Atlas, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian, 351100, P. R. China
| | - Ting Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hang Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yan Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Guanjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yulan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Walter M, Linsler D, König T, Gäbert C, Reinicke S, Moseler M, Mayrhofer L. Mechanochemical Activation of Anthracene [4+4] Cycloadducts. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1445-1451. [PMID: 36734822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlled formation and breaking of weak chemical bonds is a versatile method for modifying the properties of materials. Anthracene [4+4] cycloadducts are a prime example that can be formed by light and opened by external forces. We address the theoretical description of mechanochemistry of these cycloadducts, where the standard constraint geometry simulates forces approach fails due to the lack of consideration of temperature. Explicit inclusion of external forces reveals the corresponding transition barriers that are clearly dominated by rupture of the [4+4] inter-anthracene bonds. Other bonds come into play at extremely large forces only, which cannot be expected to be reached under ambient conditions. The theoretical results are in line with the experimental rheology of [4+4]-linked anthracene polymers, which indicates reversible re-formation of [4+4] cycloaddition bonds with ultraviolet light after mechanochemical bond breaking due to applied shear stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Walter
- Fraunhofer IWM, MikroTribologie Centrum μTC, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany
- FIT Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79085Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS@FIT, 79110Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Linsler
- Fraunhofer IWM, MikroTribologie Centrum μTC, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tobias König
- Fraunhofer IWM, MikroTribologie Centrum μTC, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Moseler
- Fraunhofer IWM, MikroTribologie Centrum μTC, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS@FIT, 79110Freiburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stal S, Huitorel B, Coustham T, Stephant N, Massuyeau F, Gacoin T, Bouteiller L, Perruchas S. Photoactive CuI-Cross-Linked Polyurethane Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47931-47940. [PMID: 36222192 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using multinuclear copper iodide complexes as cross-linking agents in a polyurethane matrix, original photoluminescent stimuli-responsive materials were synthesized. The intrinsic photoluminescence properties of the covalently incorporated copper iodide complexes are thus transferred to the materials while retaining the beneficial characteristics of the polymer host. The transparent materials exhibit room-temperature phosphorescence with emission switching properties by displaying luminescence thermochromism and solvatochromism. The luminescence thermochromism is characterized by a change in the wavelength and intensity of the emission with temperature, and the vapochromic effect presents a contrasted response of extinction or exaltation according to the nature of the solvent of exposure. By combining the luminescence characteristics of photoactive copper iodide complexes with the ease of polymer processing, the application of these luminescent materials as phosphors in LED (light-emitting diode) devices was also demonstrated. The present study shows that the use of copper iodide complexes as cross-linkers in polymeric materials is a relevant strategy to design materials with enhanced functionalities in addition to their low cost and sustainable characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Stal
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Brendan Huitorel
- Laboratoire de Physique de La Matière Condensée (PMC), CNRS - Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Coustham
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Stephant
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Florian Massuyeau
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Thierry Gacoin
- Laboratoire de Physique de La Matière Condensée (PMC), CNRS - Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Perruchas
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kwon NY, Mishra NK, Park JS, Woo SK, Ghosh P, Kim IS. KO tBu-promoted C3-homocoupling of quinoxalinones through single electron transfer from an sp 2 carbanion intermediate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7078-7081. [PMID: 35662294 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02636h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The C3-selective homodimerization of quinoxalinones is described. A C3-sp2 carbanion species generated through deprotonation of quinoxalinone using potassium tert-butoxide (KOtBu) transfers an electron (single electron transfer mechanism) to a second quinoxalinone, affording a radical-anion intermediate. The radical scavenging and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments support the plausible radical reaction pathway. A mild reaction temperature and a short reaction time were attained under cost-effective conditions, which reveal the amenability of this protocol to pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Yeon Kwon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Neeraj Kumar Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Su Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kook Woo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-Ro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Prithwish Ghosh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hino Y, Matsuo T, Hayashi S. Structural Phase Transitions in Anthracene Crystals. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200157. [PMID: 35762685 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Anthracene (C14 H10 ) and its derivatives, π-conjugated molecules in acenes, have been widely researched in terms of their reactions, physical properties, and self-assembly (or crystal engineering). These molecules can be functionalized to tune reactivities, optoelectronic properties, and self-assembling abilities. Structural changes in the molecular assemblies, solid states, and crystals have recently been discovered. Therefore, a systematic discussion of anthracene's molecular structure, packing, and optical properties based on its intermolecular structure and phase transitions is important for future chemical and structural design. In the present review, we discuss anthracene's molecular design, dimer packing, and crystal structure, focusing on the structural phase transitions of its crystals. We also provide examples of the phase transitions of anthracene crystals. Changes to edge-to-face of CH-π interaction and face-to-face packing of π-π interaction affect the thermodynamic stabilities of various crystal structures. These structures can inform the prediction of structural and physical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Hino
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Tosayamada Miyanokuchi, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
| | - Takumi Matsuo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Tosayamada Miyanokuchi, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hayashi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Tosayamada Miyanokuchi, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
- Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Tosayamada Miyanokuchi, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Paderes MC, Diaz MJ, Pagtalunan CA, Bruzon DA, Tapang GA. Photo-Controlled [4+4] Cycloaddition of Anthryl-Polymer Systems: A Versatile Approach to Fabricate Functional Materials. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200193. [PMID: 35452165 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The reversible photo-induced [4+4] cycloaddition reaction of anthracene enables multiple cycles of dimerization and scission, allowing phototunable linkage of molecular fragments for the synthesis of polymer scaffolds. New functional materials ranging from hydrogels to shape-memory polymers were designed from anthryl-polymer systems because of their diverse photochemical reactivity and responsiveness. Light as an external stimulus allows for the remote and precise spatiotemporal control of materials without the need for additional reagents. Depending on how the photoreactive anthracene moieties were introduced, the interaction of anthryl-polymer systems with light results in various processes such as polymerization, cyclization, and cross-linking. Structural modifications of anthracene derivatives could shift their absorption from the ultraviolet to the visible light region, widening their range of applications including biologically relevant studies. These applications are further diversified and enhanced by the reversibility of the dimerization reaction using light and heat as stimuli. In this review, current developments in the synthesis and photodimerization of anthracene-containing polymers and their emerging applications in the fabrication of new materials are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monissa C Paderes
- University of the Philippines Diliman, Institute of Chemistry, Regidor St., 1101, Quezon City, PHILIPPINES
| | - Mark Jeffrey Diaz
- University of the Philippines Diliman, Institute of Chemistry, 1101, Quezon City, PHILIPPINES
| | - Cris Angelo Pagtalunan
- University of the Philippines Diliman, Institute of Chemistry, 1101, Quezon City, PHILIPPINES
| | - Dwight Angelo Bruzon
- University of the Philippines Diliman, Materials Science and Engineering, 1101, Quezon City, PHILIPPINES
| | - Giovanni A Tapang
- University of the Philippines Diliman, National Institute of Physics, 1101, Quezon City, PHILIPPINES
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kristinaityte K, Urbańczyk M, Mames A, Pietrzak M, Ratajczyk T. Photoreactivity of an Exemplary Anthracene Mixture Revealed by NMR Studies, including a Kinetic Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:6695. [PMID: 34771104 PMCID: PMC8587725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracenes are an important class of acenes. They are being utilized more and more often in chemistry and materials sciences, due to their unique rigid molecular structure and photoreactivity. In particular, photodimerization can be harnessed for the fabrication of novel photoresponsive materials. Photodimerization between the same anthracenes have been investigated and utilized in various fields, while reactions between varying anthracenes have barely been investigated. Here, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is employed for the investigation of the photodimerization of two exemplary anthracenes: anthracene (A) and 9-bromoanthracene (B), in the solutions with only A or B, and in the mixture of A and B. Estimated k values, derived from the presented kinetic model, showed that the dimerization of A was 10 times faster in comparison with B when compounds were investigated in separate samples, and 2 times faster when compounds were prepared in the mixture. Notably, the photoreaction in the mixture, apart from AA and BB, additionally yielded a large amount of the AB mixdimer. Another important advantage of investigating a mixture with different anthracenes is the ability to estimate the relative reactivity for all the reactions under the same experimental conditions. This results in a better understanding of the photodimerization processes. Thus, the rational photofabrication of mix-anthracene-based materials can be facilitated, which is of crucial importance in the field of polymer and material sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mariusz Pietrzak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.U.); (A.M.)
| | - Tomasz Ratajczyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.U.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
O’Neill RT, Boulatov R. The many flavours of mechanochemistry and its plausible conceptual underpinnings. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:148-167. [PMID: 37117533 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-00249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry describes diverse phenomena in which mechanical load affects chemical reactivity. The fuzziness of this definition means that it includes processes as seemingly disparate as motor protein function, organic synthesis in a ball mill, reactions at a propagating crack, chemical actuation, and polymer fragmentation in fast solvent flows and in mastication. In chemistry, the rate of a reaction in a flask does not depend on how fast the flask moves in space. In mechanochemistry, the rate at which a material is deformed affects which and how many bonds break. In other words, in some manifestations of mechanochemistry, macroscopic motion powers otherwise endergonic reactions. In others, spontaneous chemical reactions drive mechanical motion. Neither requires thermal or electrostatic gradients. Distinct manifestations of mechanochemistry are conventionally treated as being conceptually independent, which slows the field in its transformation from being a collection of observations to a rigorous discipline. In this Review, we highlight observations suggesting that the unifying feature of mechanochemical phenomena may be the coupling between inertial motion at the microscale to macroscale and changes in chemical bonding enabled by transient build-up and relaxation of strains, from macroscopic to molecular. This dynamic coupling across multiple length scales and timescales also greatly complicates the conceptual understanding of mechanochemistry.
Collapse
|
11
|
Li X, Li J, Wei W, Yang F, Wu M, Wu Q, Xie T, Chen Y. Enhanced Mechanochemiluminescence from End-Functionalized Polyurethanes with Multiple Hydrogen Bonds. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Li
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wanyuan Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Qin Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Titi Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu W, Eaton MD, Moreno-Da Silva S, Pérez EM. Functionalized epoxy with adjustable fluorescence and UV-shielding enabled by reactive addition of 9-anthracenemethoxyl glycidyl ether. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36719-36725. [PMID: 35494398 PMCID: PMC9043587 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07433d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalized epoxies show unique advantages in some special applications. Herein, a fluorescent and UV-shielding dual-functional epoxy resin, epoxy-EAn, is prepared via synthesizing and incorporating a reactive additive, 9-anthracenemethoxyl glycidyl ether (EAn), into the resin system. The results show that EAn performs an outstanding migration resistance. The addition of a small amount of EAn (0.1%) enables epoxy-EAn to emit bright blue-violet fluorescence under UV light, making epoxy-EAn a feasible fluorescent adhesive for reconstruction and repair. The fluorescence emission intensity is adjustable by the treatment with UV light and heat. Correspondingly, the epoxy-EAn can serve as an information storage material to realize information input and decryption. In addition, epoxy-EAn also possesses the ability to shield UV radiation, and transmittance in the near ultraviolet and middle ultraviolet region (200–400 nm) can decrease to zero when the EAn concentration is 0.8%. Meanwhile, epoxy-EAn also shows excellent mechanical properties similar to that of the pure epoxy. This work paves a facile way to fabricate a multi-functional epoxy suitable for various occasions. A fluorescent and UV-shielding epoxy resin is prepared via synthesizing and incorporating a reactive additive, 9-anthracenemethoxyl glycidyl ether, into the resin system.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, E28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew D. Eaton
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, E28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Moreno-Da Silva
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, E28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio M. Pérez
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, E28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Klein IM, Husic CC, Kovács DP, Choquette NJ, Robb MJ. Validation of the CoGEF Method as a Predictive Tool for Polymer Mechanochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16364-16381. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M. Klein
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Corey C. Husic
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Dávid P. Kovács
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Nicolas J. Choquette
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Maxwell J. Robb
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
He Z, Niu H, Li Y. UV‐Light Responsive and Self‐Healable Ethylene/Propylene Copolymer Rubbers Based on Reversible [4 + 4] Cycloaddition of Anthracene Derivatives. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongke He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Hui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Izak-Nau E, Campagna D, Baumann C, Göstl R. Polymer mechanochemistry-enabled pericyclic reactions. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01937e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polymer mechanochemical pericyclic reactions are reviewed with regard to their structural features and substitution prerequisites to the polymer framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Izak-Nau
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Davide Campagna
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
| | - Christoph Baumann
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gu Y, Ru C, Zhao Z, Chao D, Liu X. Performance enhancement of shape memory poly(aryl ether ketone) via photodimerization of pendant anthracene units. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
17
|
Graham B, Fayter AER, Gibson MI. Synthesis of Anthracene Conjugates of Truncated Antifreeze Protein Sequences: Effect of the End Group and Photocontrolled Dimerization on Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Activity. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4611-4621. [PMID: 31714763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biomacromolecular antifreezes distinguish ice from water, function by binding to specific planes of ice, and could have many applications from cryobiology to aerospace where ice is a problem. In biology, antifreeze protein (AFP) activity is regulated by protein expression levels via temperature and light-regulated expression systems, but in the laboratory (or applications), the antifreeze activity is "always on" without any spatial or temporal control, and hence methods to enable this switching represent an exciting synthetic challenge. Introduction of an abiotic functionality into short peptides (e.g., from solid-phase synthesis) to enable switching is also desirable rather than on full-length recombinant proteins. Here, truncated peptide sequences based on the consensus repeat sequence from type-I AFPs (TAANAAAAAAA) were conjugated to an anthracene unit to explore their photocontrolled dimerization. Optimization of the synthesis to ensure solubility of the hydrophobic peptide included the addition of a dilysine solubilizing linker. It was shown that UV-light exposure triggered reversible dimerization of the AFP sequence, leading to an increase in molecular weight. Assessment of the ice recrystallization inhibition activity of the peptides before and after dimerization revealed only small effects on activity. However, it is reported here for the first time that addition of the anthracene unit to a 22-amino-acid truncated peptide significantly enhanced ice recrystallization inhibition compared to the free peptide, suggesting an accessible synthetic route to allow AFP activity using shorter, synthetically accessible peptides with a photoreactive functionality.
Collapse
|