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Paul I, Konieczny KA, Chavez R, Garcia-Garibay MA. Reaction amplification with a gain: Triplet exciton-mediated quantum chain using mixed crystals with a tailor-made triplet sensitizer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401982121. [PMID: 38536753 PMCID: PMC10998555 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401982121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Photochemical valence bond isomerization of a crystalline Dewar benzene (DB) diacid monoanion salt with an acetophenone-linked piperazinium cation that serves as an intramolecular triplet energy sensitizer (DB-AcPh-Pz) exhibits a quantum chain reaction with as many as 450 product molecules per photon absorbed (Φ ≈ 450). By contrast, isomorphous crystals of the DB diacid monosalt of an ethylbenzene-linked piperazinium (DB-EtPh-Pz) lacking a triplet sensitizer showed a less impressive quantum yield of ca. Φ ≈ 22. To establish the critical importance of a triplet excited state carrier in the adiabatic photochemical reaction we prepared mixed crystals with DB-AcPh-Pz as a dilute triplet sensitizer guest in crystals of DB-EtPh-Pz. As expected from their high structural similarities, solid solutions were easily formed with the triplet sensitizer salt in the range of 0.1 to 10%. Experiments carried out under conditions where light is absorbed by the triplet sensitizer-linked DB-AcPh-Pz can be used to initiate a triplet state adiabatic reaction from 3DB-AcPh-Pz to 3HB*-AcPh-Pz, which can serve as a chain carrier and transfer energy to an unreacted DB-EtPh-Pz where exciton delocalization in the crystalline solid solution can help carry out an efficient energy transfer and enable a quantum chain employing the photoproduct as a triplet chain carrier. Excitation of mixed crystals with as little as 0.1% triplet sensitizer resulted in an extraordinarily high quantum yield Φ ≈ 517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90024-1569
| | - Krzysztof A. Konieczny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90024-1569
| | - Roberto Chavez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90024-1569
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Mallet N, Müller J, Pezard J, Cristiano F, Makarem R, Fazzini PF, Lecestre A, Larrieu G. Metallic Nanoalloys on Vertical GaAs Nanowires: Growth Mechanisms and Shape Control of Ni-GaAs Compounds. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:2449-2456. [PMID: 38117013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
GaAs nanowires are promising candidates for emerging devices in a broad field of applications (e.g., nanoelectronics, photodetection, or photoconversion). These nanostructures benefit greatly from a vertical integration, as it allows for the exhibition of the entire nanowire surface. However, one of the main challenges related to vertical integration is the conception of an efficient method to create low resistive contacts at nanoscale without degrading the device performance. In this article, we propose a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible approach to form alloyed contacts at the extremities of vertical GaAs nanowires. Ni-based and Pd-based alloys on different vertical GaAs nanostructures have been characterized by structural and chemical analyses to identify the phase and to study the growth mechanisms involved at the nanoscale. It is shown that the formation of the Ni3GaAs alloy on top of nanowires following the epitaxial relation Ni3GaAs(0001)∥GaAs(111) leads to a pyramidal shape with four faces. Finally, guidelines are presented to tune the shape of this alloy by varying the initial metal thickness and nanowire diameters. It will facilitate the fabrication of a nanoalloy structure with tailored shape characteristics to precisely align with a designated application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Mallet
- LAAS-CNRS, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse 31031, France
| | - Jonas Müller
- LAAS-CNRS, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse 31031, France
| | - Julien Pezard
- LAAS-CNRS, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse 31031, France
| | | | - Raghda Makarem
- LPCNO, INSA Toulouse, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Toulouse 31077, France
| | | | | | - Guilhem Larrieu
- LAAS-CNRS, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse 31031, France
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3
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George GC, Hutchins KM. Solid-State [4+4] Cycloaddition and Cycloreversion with Use of Unpaired Hydrogen-Bond Donors to Achieve Solvatomorphism and Stabilization. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302482. [PMID: 37639230 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of a commercially available anthracene derivative, anthracene-9-thiocarboxamide, is reported here for the first time. The compound undergoes a [4+4] cycloaddition in the solid state to afford facile synthesis of the cycloadduct (CA). The cycloaddition is also reversible in the solid state using heat or mechanical force. Due to the presence of unpaired, strong hydrogen-bond donor atoms on the CA, significant solvatomorphism is achieved, and components of the solvatomorphs self-assemble into four different classes of supramolecular structures. The CA readily crystallizes with a variety of structurally-diverse solvents including those containing oxygen-, nitrogen-, or pi-acceptors. Some of the solvents the CA crystallized with include thiophene, benzene, and the three xylene isomers; thus, the CA was employed in industrially-relevant solvent separation. However, in competition studies, the CA did not exhibit selectivity. Lastly, it is demonstrated that the CA crystallizes with vinyl-containing monomers and is currently the only compound that crystallizes with both widely used monomers 4-vinylpyridine and styrene. Solid-state complexation of the CA with the monomers affords over a 50 °C increase in the monomer's thermal stabilities. The strategy of designing molecules with unused donors can be applied to achieve separations or volatile liquid stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C George
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Kristin M Hutchins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Bernardes GP, Andrade MP, Poletto M, Luiz NR, Santana RMC, Forte MMDC. Evaluation of Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Poly (Lactic Acid)/Ethylene Elastomer (EE) Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4324. [PMID: 37960004 PMCID: PMC10648464 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The influences of ethylene-based elastomer (EE) and the compatibilizer agent ethylene-butyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (EBAGMA) on the thermal degradation of PLA/EE blends were evaluated by the thermal degradation kinetics and thermodynamic parameters using thermogravimetry. The presence of EE and EBAGMA synergistically improved the PLA thermal stability. The temperature of 10% of mass loss (T10%) of PLA was around 365 °C, while in the compatibilized PLA/EE blend, this property increased to 370 °C. The PLA average activation energy (Ea¯) reduced in the PLA/EE blend (from 96 kJ/mol to 78 kJ/mol), while the presence of EBAGMA in the PLA/EE blend increased the Ea¯ due to a better blend compatibilization. The solid-state thermal degradation of the PLA and PLA/EE blends was classified as a D-type degradation mechanism. In general, the addition of EE increased the thermodynamic parameters when compared to PLA and the compatibilized blend due to the increase in the collision rate between the components over the thermal decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano P. Bernardes
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, Atlantic Technological University (ATU) Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
| | - Matheus P. Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering of Processes and Technologies (PGEPROTEC), University of Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul 95070-560, Brazil;
| | - Matheus Poletto
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering of Processes and Technologies (PGEPROTEC), University of Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul 95070-560, Brazil;
| | - Nathália R. Luiz
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials (LAPOL), School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil; (N.R.L.); (R.M.C.S.); (M.M.d.C.F.)
| | - Ruth M. C. Santana
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials (LAPOL), School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil; (N.R.L.); (R.M.C.S.); (M.M.d.C.F.)
| | - Maria M. de C. Forte
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials (LAPOL), School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil; (N.R.L.); (R.M.C.S.); (M.M.d.C.F.)
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Gancheva M, Iordanova R, Koseva I, Avdeev G, Burdina G, Ivanov P. Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Barium Molybdate Nanoparticles. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7025. [PMID: 37959622 PMCID: PMC10648976 DOI: 10.3390/ma16217025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BaMoO4 was obtained via facile mechanochemical synthesis at room temperature and a solid-state reaction. An evaluation of the phase composition and structural and optical properties of BaMoO4 was conducted. The influence of different milling speeds on the preparation of BaMoO4 was explored. A shorter reaction time for the phase formation of BaMoO4 was achieved using a milling speed of 850 rpm. A milling speed of 500 rpm led to partial amorphization of the initial reagents and to prolongation of the synthesis time of up to 3 h of milling time. Solid-state synthesis was performed via heat treatment at 900 °C for 15 h. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), infrared (IR) and UV diffuse reflectance (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy were carried out to characterize the samples. Independently of the method of preparation, the obtained samples had tetragonal symmetry. The average crystallite sizes of all samples, calculated using Scherrer's formula, were in the range of 240 to 1540 Å. IR spectroscopy showed that more distorted structural MoO4 units were formed when the compound was synthesized via a solid-state reaction. The optical band gap energy of the obtained materials was found to decrease from 4.50 to 4.30 eV with increasing crystallite sizes. Green- and blue-light emissions were observed for BaMoO4 phases under excitation wavelengths of 330 and 488 nm. It was established that the intensity of the PL peaks depends on two factors: the symmetry of MoO4 units and the crystallite sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gancheva
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.I.); (I.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Reni Iordanova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.I.); (I.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Iovka Koseva
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.I.); (I.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Georgi Avdeev
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Acad. Rostislaw Kaischew”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Gergana Burdina
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.I.); (I.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Petar Ivanov
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies “Acad. Jordan Malinowski”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., bl. 109, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Li Z, Cheng K, Liu J, He Y, Xiao Y. Effect of Thermal Aging on the Interfacial Reaction Behavior and Failure Mechanism of Ni-xCu/Sn Soldering Joints under Shear Loading. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5253. [PMID: 37569956 PMCID: PMC10420103 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Ni-xCu/Sn soldering joints were aged at 200 °C, and the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during the solid-state reaction were studied under shear loading. Results showed that the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) exhibited a Cu content-dependent transformation from the (Ni,Cu)3Sn4 phase to the (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 phase at the Ni-xCu/Sn interface. Furthermore, a Cu3Sn layer was observed exclusively at the Cu/Sn interface. The shear strength of the soldering joints after thermal aging exhibited an initial decrease followed by an increase, except for a significant enhancement at the Cu content of 60 wt.%. In addition, the evolution law of mechanical properties and failure mechanism of the thermal aging joints were elucidated based on the fracture microstructure and the fracture curve of the joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (Z.L.)
| | - Kai Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.C.)
| | - Jiajun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.C.)
| | - Yigang He
- School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (Z.L.)
| | - Yong Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.C.)
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7
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Zhang H, Fang T, Yao X, Li X, Zhu W. Catalytic Amounts of an Antibacterial Monomer Enable the Upcycling of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Waste. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2210758. [PMID: 36809549 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is an important polymer with an annual output second only to polyethylene. The development of PET recycling technologies is therefore necessary to not only eliminate the harm associated with white pollution and microplastics, but also to reduce carbon emissions. Antibacterial PET, one of the most high-value advanced materials, has improved the ability to treat bacterial infections. However, current methods of manufacturing commercial antibacterial PET require blending with an excess of metal-based antibacterial agents, which leads to biotoxicity and a nonpersistent antibacterial activity. In addition, high-efficiency organic antibacterial agents have yet to be employed in antibacterial PET due to their poor thermal stabilities. Herein, a solid-state reaction for the upcycling of PET waste using a novel hyperthermostable antibacterial monomer is described. This reaction is catalyzed by the residual catalyst present in the PET waste. It is found that a catalytic amount of the antibacterial monomer enabled the low-cost upcycling of PET waste to produce high-value recycled PET with a strong and persistent antibacterial activity, as well as similar thermal properties to the virgin PET. This work provides a feasible and economic strategy for the large-scale upcycling of PET waste and exhibits potential for application in the polymer industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tianxiang Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xuxia Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Weipu Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Krause B, Abadias G, Babonneau D, Michel A, Resta A, Coati A, Garreau Y, Vlad A, Plech A, Wochner P, Baumbach T. In Situ Study of the Interface-Mediated Solid-State Reactions during Growth and Postgrowth Annealing of Pd/a-Ge Bilayers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:11268-11280. [PMID: 36791093 PMCID: PMC9983571 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ohmic or Schottky contacts in micro- and nanoelectronic devices are formed by metal-semiconductor bilayer systems, based on elemental metals or thermally more stable metallic compounds (germanides, silicides). The control of their electronic properties remains challenging as their structure formation is not yet fully understood. We have studied the phase and microstructure evolution during sputter deposition and postgrowth annealing of Pd/a-Ge bilayer systems with different Pd/Ge ratios (Pd:Ge, 2Pd:Ge, and 4Pd:Ge). The room-temperature deposition of up to 30 nm Pd was monitored by simultaneous, in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction, X-ray reflectivity, and optical stress measurements. With this portfolio of complementary real-time methods, we could identify the microstructural origins of the resistivity evolution during contact formation: Real-time X-ray diffraction measurements indicate a coherent, epitaxial growth of Pd(111) on the individual crystallites of the initially forming, polycrystalline Pd2Ge[111] layer. The crystallization of the Pd2Ge interfacial layer causes a characteristic change in the real-time wafer curvature (tensile peak), and a significant drop of the resistivity after 1.5 nm Pd deposition. In addition, we could confirm the isostructural interface formation of Pd/a-Ge and Pd/a-Si. Subtle differences between both interfaces originate from the lattice mismatch at the interface between compound and metal. The solid-state reaction during subsequent annealing was studied by real-time X-ray diffraction and complementary UHV surface analysis. We could establish the link between phase and microstructure formation during deposition and annealing-induced solid-state reaction: The thermally induced reaction between Pd and a-Ge proceeds via diffusion-controlled growth of the Pd2Ge seed crystallites. The second-phase (PdGe) formation is nucleation-controlled and takes place only when a sufficient Ge reservoir exists. The real-time access to structure and electronic properties on the nanoscale opens new paths for the knowledge-based formation of ultrathin metal/semiconductor contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel Krause
- Institut
für Photonenforschung und Synchrotronstrahlung (IPS), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gregory Abadias
- Institut
Pprime, Département Physique et Mécanique des Matériaux,
UPR 3346 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, SP2MI, TSA 41123, Cedex 9 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - David Babonneau
- Institut
Pprime, Département Physique et Mécanique des Matériaux,
UPR 3346 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, SP2MI, TSA 41123, Cedex 9 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Anny Michel
- Institut
Pprime, Département Physique et Mécanique des Matériaux,
UPR 3346 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, SP2MI, TSA 41123, Cedex 9 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Andrea Resta
- Synchrotron
SOLEIL, L’Orme
des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190 Saint Aubin, France
| | - Alessandro Coati
- Synchrotron
SOLEIL, L’Orme
des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190 Saint Aubin, France
| | - Yves Garreau
- Synchrotron
SOLEIL, L’Orme
des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190 Saint Aubin, France
- Laboratoire
Matériaux et Phénomenes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alina Vlad
- Synchrotron
SOLEIL, L’Orme
des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190 Saint Aubin, France
| | - Anton Plech
- Institut
für Photonenforschung und Synchrotronstrahlung (IPS), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Wochner
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Physics, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tilo Baumbach
- Institut
für Photonenforschung und Synchrotronstrahlung (IPS), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Laboratorium
für Applikationen der Synchrotronstrahlung (LAS), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Kuzmin N, Maltsev V, Mikliaeva E, Volkova E, Boldyrev K, Koporulina E. Phase Relations in the Ln2O 3-Cr 2O 3-B 2O 3 ( Ln = Gd-Lu) Ternary Oxide Systems. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1831. [PMID: 36902946 PMCID: PMC10003905 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, isothermal sections of the Ln2O3-Cr2O3-B2O3 (Ln = Gd-Lu) ternary oxide systems at 900, 1000, and 1100 °C were constructed by determining the phase relations by using a powder X-ray diffraction technique. As a result, these systems were divided into subsidiary subsystems. Two types of double borates, LnCr3(BO3)4 (Ln = Gd-Er) and LnCr(BO3)2 (Ln = Ho-Lu), were observed in the investigated systems. Regions of phase stability for LnCr3(BO3)4 and LnCr(BO3)2 were determined. It was shown that the LnCr3(BO3)4 compounds crystallized in rhombohedral and monoclinic polytype modifications up to 1100 °C; above this temperature and up to the melting points, the monoclinic modification was predominantly formed. The LnCr3(BO3)4 (Ln = Gd-Er) and LnCr(BO3)2 (Ln = Ho-Lu) compounds were characterized by using a powder X-ray diffraction method and thermal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Kuzmin
- Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Science, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
- Landau Phystech School of Physics and Research, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Victor Maltsev
- Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Mikliaeva
- Branch “Aprelevka Department of VNIGNI”, All-Russian Research Geological Oil Institute, 143360 Aprelevka, Russia
| | - Elena Volkova
- Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Boldyrev
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Science, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
- Landau Phystech School of Physics and Research, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Koporulina
- Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Melnikov Research Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources, Russian Academy of Science, 111020 Moscow, Russia
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Swain S, Bhaskar R, Narayanan KB, Gupta MK, Sharma S, Dasgupta S, Han SS, Kumar P. Physicochemical, mechanical, dielectric, and biological properties of sintered hydroxyapatite/barium titanate nanocomposites for bone regeneration. Biomed Mater 2023; 18. [PMID: 36735970 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acb8f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone implants fabricated using nanocomposites containing hydroxyapatite (HA) and barium titanate (BT) show osteoconductive, osteoinductive, osteointegration, and piezoelectricity properties for bone regeneration applications. In our present study, HA and BT nanopowders were synthesized using high-energy ball-milling-assisted solid-state reaction with precursors of calcium carbonate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and barium carbonate and titanium oxide powder mixtures, respectively. Hexagonal HA and tetragonal BT phases were formed after calcination at 700 and 1000 °C, respectively. Subsequently, hydroxyapatite/barium titanate (HA/BT) nanocomposites with different weight percentages of HA and BT were prepared by ball-milling, then compacted and sintered at two different temperatures to endow these bioceramics with better mechanical, dielectric, and biological properties for bone regeneration. Microstructure, crystal phases, and molecular structure characterizations of these sintered HA/BT nanocomposite compacts (SHBNCs) were performed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Bulk density was evaluated using the Archimedes method. HA/BT nanocomposites with increased BT content showed enhanced dielectric properties, and the dielectric constant (ϵr) value for 5HA/95BT was ∼182 at 100 Hz. Mechanical properties such as Vicker's hardness, fracture toughness, yield strength, and diametral tensile strength were also investigated. The hemolysis assay of SHBNCs exhibited hemocompatibility. The effect of these SHBNCs as implants on thein vitrocytocompatibility and cell viability of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells was assessed by MTT assay and live/dead staining, respectively. 15HA/85BT showed increased metabolic activity with a higher number of live cells than BT after the culture period. Overall, the SHBNCs can be used as orthopedic implants for bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Swain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kannan Badri Narayanan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Sonia Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Government. Autonomous College Rourkela, Odisha 769004, India
| | - Sudip Dasgupta
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
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Edalati K. Superfunctional Materials by Ultra-Severe Plastic Deformation. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:587. [PMID: 36676324 PMCID: PMC9861827 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Superfunctional materials are defined as materials with specific properties being superior to the functions of engineering materials. Numerous studies introduced severe plastic deformation (SPD) as an effective process to improve the functional and mechanical properties of various metallic and non-metallic materials. Moreover, the concept of ultra-SPD-introducing shear strains over 1000 to reduce the thickness of sheared phases to levels comparable to atomic distances-was recently utilized to synthesize novel superfunctional materials. In this article, the application of ultra-SPD for controlling atomic diffusion and phase transformation and synthesizing new materials with superfunctional properties is discussed. The main properties achieved by ultra-SPD include: (i) high-temperature thermal stability in new immiscible age-hardenable aluminum alloys; (ii) room-temperature superplasticity for the first time in magnesium and aluminum alloys; (iii) high strength and high plasticity in nanograined intermetallics; (iv) low elastic modulus and high hardness in biocompatible binary and high-entropy alloys; (v) superconductivity and high strength in the Nb-Ti alloys; (vi) room-temperature hydrogen storage for the first time in magnesium alloys; and (vii) superior photocatalytic hydrogen production, oxygen production, and carbon dioxide conversion on high-entropy oxides and oxynitrides as a new family of photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Edalati
- WPI, International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
- Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.—Carbon Neutral Research Center (MCI-CNRC), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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12
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Moiseenko ET, Yumashev VV, Altunin RR, Zeer GM, Nikolaeva NS, Belousov OV, Zharkov SM. Solid-State Reaction in Cu/a-Si Nanolayers: A Comparative Study of STA and Electron Diffraction Data. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8457. [PMID: 36499953 PMCID: PMC9740275 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of the solid-state reaction between nanolayers of polycrystalline copper and amorphous silicon (a-Si) has been studied in a Cu/a-Si thin-film system by the methods of electron diffraction and simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), including the methods of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). It has been established that, in the solid-state reaction, two phases are formed in a sequence: Cu + Si → η″-Cu3Si → γ-Cu5Si. It has been shown that the estimated values of the kinetic parameters of the formation processes for the phases η″-Cu3Si and γ-Cu5Si, obtained using electron diffraction, are in good agreement with those obtained by DSC. The formation enthalpy of the phases η″-Cu3Si and γ-Cu5Si has been estimated to be: ΔHη″-Cu3Si = -12.4 ± 0.2 kJ/mol; ΔHγ-Cu5Si = -8.4 ± 0.4 kJ/mol. As a result of the model description of the thermo-analytical data, it has been found that the process of solid-state transformations in the Cu/a-Si thin-film system under study is best described by a four-stage kinetic model R3 → R3 → (Cn-X) → (Cn-X). The kinetic parameters of formation of the η″-Cu3Si phase are the following: Ea = 199.9 kJ/mol, log(A, s-1) = 20.5, n = 1.7; and for the γ-Cu5Si phase: Ea = 149.7 kJ/mol, log(A, s-1) = 10.4, n = 1.3, with the kinetic parameters of formation of the γ-Cu5Si phase being determined for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny T. Moiseenko
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Ave., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Yumashev
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Ave., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50/24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Roman R. Altunin
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Ave., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Galina M. Zeer
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Ave., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Nataliya S. Nikolaeva
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Ave., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Belousov
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Ave., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50/24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Sergey M. Zharkov
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Ave., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50/38, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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13
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Wang Y, Tian C, Zhu M, Yang J, Qu X, Chen C, Wang C, Liu Y. Preparation and Properties of Ce 0.8Sm 0.16Y 0.03Gd 0.01O 1.9-BaIn 0.3Ti 0.7O 2.85 Composite Electrolyte. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5591. [PMID: 36013727 PMCID: PMC9414895 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Samarium, gadolinium, and yttrium co-doped ceria (Ce0.8Sm0.16Y0.03Gd0.01O1.9, CSYG) and BaIn0.3Ti0.7O2.85 (BIT07) powders were prepared by sol-gel and solid-state reaction methods, respectively. CSYG-BIT07 composite materials were obtained by mechanically mixing the two powders in different ratios and calcining at 1300 °C for 5 h. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as electrical properties and thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) measurements. A series of CSYG-BIT07 composite materials with relative densities higher than 95% were fabricated by sintering at 1300 °C for 5 h. The performance of the CSYG-BIT07 composite electrolyte was found to be related to the content of BIT07. The CSYG-15% BIT07 composite exhibited high oxide ion conductivity (σ800°C = 0.0126 S·cm-1 at 800 °C), moderate thermal expansion (TEC = 9.13 × 10-6/K between room temperature and 800 °C), and low electrical activation energy (Ea = 0.89 eV). These preliminary results indicate that the CSYG-BIT07 material is a promising electrolyte for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
- College of Energy Material and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Changan Tian
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Minzheng Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
- College of Energy Material and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Energy Material and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiaoling Qu
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Cao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Cao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
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14
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Kao CW, Kung PY, Chang CC, Huang WC, Chang FL, Kao CR. Highly Robust Ti Adhesion Layer during Terminal Reaction in Micro-Bumps. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:4297. [PMID: 35744357 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of scaled-down micro-bumps in miniaturized consumer electronic products has led to the easy realization of full intermetallic solder bumps owing to the completion of the wetting layer. However, the direct contact of the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) with the adhesion layer may pose serious reliability concerns. In this study, the terminal reaction of the Ti adhesion layer with Cu-Sn IMCs was investigated by aging the micro-bumps at 200 °C. Although all of the micro-bumps transformed into intermetallic structures after aging, they exhibited a strong attachment to the Ti adhesion layer, which differs significantly from the Cr system where spalling of IMCs occurred during the solid-state reaction. Moreover, the difference in the diffusion rates between Cu and Sn might have induced void formation during aging. These voids progressed to the center of the bump through the depleting Cu layer. However, they neither affected the attachment between the IMCs and the adhesion layer nor reduced the strength of the bumps. In conclusion, the IMCs demonstrated better adhesive behavior with the Ti adhesion layer when compared to Cr, which has been used in previous studies.
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15
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Wind L, Böckle R, Sistani M, Schweizer P, Maeder X, Michler J, Murphey CG, Cahoon J, Weber WM. Monolithic and Single-Crystalline Aluminum-Silicon Heterostructures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:26238-26244. [PMID: 35621308 PMCID: PMC9185687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming the difficulty in the precise definition of the metal phase of metal-Si heterostructures is among the key prerequisites to enable reproducible next-generation nanoelectronic, optoelectronic, and quantum devices. Here, we report on the formation of monolithic Al-Si heterostructures obtained from both bottom-up and top-down fabricated Si nanostructures and Al contacts. This is enabled by a thermally induced Al-Si exchange reaction, which forms abrupt and void-free metal-semiconductor interfaces in contrast to their bulk counterparts. The selective and controllable transformation of Si NWs into Al provides a nanodevice fabrication platform with high-quality monolithic and single-crystalline Al contacts, revealing resistivities as low as ρ = (6.31 ± 1.17) × 10-8 Ω m and breakdown current densities of Jmax = (1 ± 0.13) × 1012 Ω m-2. Combining transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the composition as well as the crystalline nature of the presented Al-Si-Al heterostructures, with no intermetallic phases formed during the exchange process in contrast to state-of-the-art metal silicides. The thereof formed single-element Al contacts explain the robustness and reproducibility of the junctions. Detailed and systematic electrical characterizations carried out on back- and top-gated heterostructure devices revealed symmetric effective Schottky barriers for electrons and holes. Most importantly, fulfilling compatibility with modern complementary metal-oxide semiconductor fabrication, the proposed thermally induced Al-Si exchange reaction may give rise to the development of next-generation reconfigurable electronics relying on reproducible nanojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wind
- Institute
of Solid State Electronics, Technische Universität
Wien, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphael Böckle
- Institute
of Solid State Electronics, Technische Universität
Wien, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Masiar Sistani
- Institute
of Solid State Electronics, Technische Universität
Wien, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Schweizer
- Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkstrasse 39, 3602 Thun, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Maeder
- Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkstrasse 39, 3602 Thun, Switzerland
| | - Johann Michler
- Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkstrasse 39, 3602 Thun, Switzerland
| | - Corban G.E. Murphey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - James Cahoon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Walter M. Weber
- Institute
of Solid State Electronics, Technische Universität
Wien, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Ray KG, Klebanoff LE, Stavila V, Kang S, Wan LF, Li S, Heo TW, Allendorf MD, Lee JRI, Baker AA, Wood BC. Understanding Hydrogenation Chemistry at MgB 2 Reactive Edges from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:20430-20442. [PMID: 35319201 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state hydrogen storage materials often operate via transient, multistep chemical reactions at complex interfaces that are difficult to capture. Here, we use direct ab initio molecular dynamics simulations at accelerated temperatures and hydrogen pressures to probe the hydrogenation chemistry of the candidate material MgB2 without a priori assumption of reaction pathways. Focusing on highly reactive (101̅0) edge planes where initial hydrogen attack is likely to occur, we track mechanistic steps toward the formation of hydrogen-saturated BH4- units and key chemical intermediates, involving H2 dissociation, generation of functionalities and molecular complexes containing BH2 and BH3 motifs, and B-B bond breaking. The genesis of higher-order boron clustering is also observed. Different charge states and chemical environments at the B-rich and Mg-rich edge planes are found to produce different chemical pathways and preferred speciation, with implications for overall hydrogenation kinetics. The reaction processes rely on B-H bond polarization and fluctuations between ionic and covalent character, which are critically enabled by the presence of Mg2+ cations in the nearby interphase region. Our results provide guidance for devising kinetic improvement strategies for MgB2-based hydrogen storage materials, while also providing a template for exploring chemical pathways in other solid-state energy storage reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith G Ray
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | | | - Vitalie Stavila
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - ShinYoung Kang
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Liwen F Wan
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Sichi Li
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Tae Wook Heo
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Mark D Allendorf
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Jonathan R I Lee
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Alexander A Baker
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Brandon C Wood
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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17
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Kubota K, Endo T, Uesugi M, Hayashi Y, Ito H. Solid-State C-N Cross-Coupling Reactions with Carbazoles as Nitrogen Nucleophiles Using Mechanochemistry. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202102132. [PMID: 34816600 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed solid-state C-N cross-coupling of carbazoles with aryl halides via a high-temperature ball-milling technique has been reported. This reaction allowed simple, fast, and efficient synthesis of N-arylcarbazole derivatives in good to excellent yields without the use of large amounts of organic solvents in air. Importantly, the developed solid-state coupling approach enabled the cross-coupling of poorly soluble aryl halides with large polyaromatic structures that are barely reactive under conventional solution-based conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kubota
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tsubura Endo
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Minami Uesugi
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yuta Hayashi
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
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18
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Tang Q, Zhu X. Structural Characterization and Physical Properties of Double Perovskite La 2FeReO 6+δ Powders. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12020244. [PMID: 35055263 PMCID: PMC8779002 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The structural, optical, dielectric, and magnetic properties of double perovskite La2FeReO6+δ (LFRO) powders synthesized by solid-state reaction method under CO reduced atmosphere are reported on in this paper. Reitveld refinements on the XRD data revealed that the LFRO powders crystallized in an orthogonal structure (Pbnm space group) with column-like morphology. The molar ratios of La, Fe, and Re elements were close to 2:1:1. XPS spectra verified the mixed chemical states of Fe and Re ions, and two oxygen species in the LFRO powders. The LFRO ceramics exhibited a relaxor-like dielectric behavior, and the associated activation energy was 0.05 eV. Possible origins of the dielectric relaxation behavior are discussed based on the hopping of electrons among the hetero-valence ions at B-site, oxygen ion hopping through the vacant oxygen sites, and the jumping of electrons trapped in the shallower level created by oxygen vacancy. The LFRO powders display room temperature ferromagnetism with Curie temperature of 746 K. A Griffiths-like phase was observed in the LFRO powders with a Griffiths temperature of 758 K. The direct optical band gap of the LFRO powders was 2.30 eV, deduced from their absorption spectra, as confirmed by their green photoluminescence spectra with a strong peak around 556 nm.
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Baba-Ahmed I, Ghercă D, Iordan AR, Palamaru MN, Mita C, Baghdad R, Ababei G, Lupu N, Benamar MA, Abderrahmane A, Roman T, Bulai G, Leontie L, Borhan AI. Sequential Synthesis Methodology Yielding Well-Defined Porous 75%SrTiO 3/ 25%NiFe 2O 4 Nanocomposite. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 12:138. [PMID: 35010088 PMCID: PMC8747004 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this research, we reported on the formation of highly porous foam SrTiO3/NiFe2O4 (100-xSTO/xNFO) heterostructure by joint solid-state and sol-gel auto-combustion techniques. The colloidal assembly process is discussed based on the weight ratio x (x = 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 wt %) of NiFe2O4 in the 100-xSTO/xNFO system. We proposed a mechanism describing the highly porous framework formation involving the self-assembly of SrTiO3 due to the gelation process of the nickel ferrite. We used a series of spectrophotometric techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption isotherms method, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and dielectric measurements, to investigate the structural, morphological, optical, magnetic, and dielectric properties of the synthesized samples. As revealed by FE-SEM analysis and textural characteristics, SrTiO3-NiFe2O4 nanocomposite self-assembled into a porous foam with an internally well-defined porous structure. HRTEM characterization certifies the distinctive crystalline phases obtained and reveals that SrTiO3 and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were closely connected. The specific magnetization, coercivity, and permittivity values are higher in the 75STO/25NFO heterostructure and do not decrease proportionally to the amount of non-magnetic SrTiO3 present in the composition of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyes Baba-Ahmed
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Physics (FUNDAPL), Physics Department, Sciences Faculty, Saad Dahleb Blida 1 University, BP 270, Blida 09000, Algeria;
| | - Daniel Ghercă
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (D.G.); (G.A.); (N.L.)
| | - Alexandra-Raluca Iordan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (A.-R.I.); (M.N.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Mircea Nicolae Palamaru
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (A.-R.I.); (M.N.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Carmen Mita
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (A.-R.I.); (M.N.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Rachid Baghdad
- Synthesis and Catalysis Laboratory, Matter Sciences Faculty, Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria;
| | - Gabriel Ababei
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (D.G.); (G.A.); (N.L.)
| | - Nicoleta Lupu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (D.G.); (G.A.); (N.L.)
| | - Mohamed Amine Benamar
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Physics (FUNDAPL), University Center of Tamenghasset, Amine Elokkal Elhadj Moussa Eg-Akhamouk, BP 10034, Sersouf, Tamanghasset 11000, Algeria;
| | - Abdelkader Abderrahmane
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chosun University, 375, Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501759, Korea;
| | - Tiberiu Roman
- Integrated Center of Environmental Science Studies in the North-Eastern Development Region (CERNESIM), Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (T.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Georgiana Bulai
- Integrated Center of Environmental Science Studies in the North-Eastern Development Region (CERNESIM), Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (T.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Liviu Leontie
- Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Adrian Iulian Borhan
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (D.G.); (G.A.); (N.L.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (A.-R.I.); (M.N.P.); (C.M.)
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20
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Oleszak D, Pawlyta M, Pikula T. Influence of Powder Milling and Annealing Parameters on the Formation of Cubic Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12 Compound. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:7633. [PMID: 34947228 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Li-ion batteries are widely used as energy storage devices due to their excellent electrochemical performance. The cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 (c-LLZO) compound is regarded as a promising candidate as a solid-state electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries due to its high bulk Li-ion conductivity, excellent thermal performance, and chemical stability. The standard manufacturing procedure involves the high-temperature and lengthy annealing of powders. However, the formation of the tetragonal modification of LLZO and other undesired side phases results in the deterioration of electrochemical properties. The mechanical milling of precursor powders can enhance the powders’ reactivity and can result in an easier formation of c-LLZO. The aim of this work was to study the influence of selected milling and annealing parameters on c-LLZO compound formation. The starting powders of La(OH)3, Li2CO3, and ZrO2 were subjected to milling in various ball mills, under different milling conditions. The powders were then annealed at various temperatures for different lengths of times. These studies showed that the phase transformation processes of the powders were not very sensitive to the milling parameters. On the other hand, the final phase composition and microstructure strongly depended on heat treatment conditions. Low temperature annealing (750 °C) for 3 h produced 90% of c-LLZO in the powder structure.
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21
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Park K, Jiang J, Yamada T, Sajiki H. Ruthenium-on-Carbon-Catalyzed Facile Solvent-Free Oxidation of Alcohols: Efficient Progress under Solid-Solid (Liquid)-Gas Conditions. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:1200-1205. [PMID: 34853287 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A protocol for the ruthenium-on-carbon (Ru/C)-catalyzed solvent-free oxidation of alcohols, which proceeds efficiently under solid-solid (liquid)-gas conditions, was developed. Various primary and secondary alcohols were transformed to corresponding aldehydes and ketones in moderate to excellent isolated yields by simply stirring in the presence of 10% Ru/C under air or oxygen conditions. The solvent-free oxidation reactions proceeded efficiently regardless of the solid or liquid state of the substrates and reagents and could be applied to gram-scale synthesis without loss of the reaction efficiency. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of Ru/C was maintained after five reuse cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwihwan Park
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Jing Jiang
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hironao Sajiki
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
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Chen JL, Yang H, Liu C, Liang J, Miao L, Zhang Z, Liu P, Yoshida K, Chen C, Zhang Q, Zhou Q, Liao Y, Wang P, Li Z, Peng B. Strategy of Extra Zr Doping on the Enhancement of Thermoelectric Performance for TiZr xNiSn Synthesized by a Modified Solid-State Reaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:48801-48809. [PMID: 34618429 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Half-Heusler alloys, which possess the advantages of high thermal stability, a large power factor, and good mechanical property, have been attracting increasing interest in mid-temperature thermoelectric applications. In this work, extra Zr-doped TiZrxNiSn samples were successfully prepared by a modified solid-state reaction followed by spark plasma sintering. It demonstrates that extra Zr doping could not only improve the power factor on account of an increase in the Seebeck coefficient but also suppress the lattice thermal conductivity originated from the strengthened phonon scattering by the superlattice nanodomains and the secondary nanoparticles. As a consequence, an increased power factor of 3.29 mW m-1 K-2 and a decreased lattice thermal conductivity of 1.74 W m-1 K-1 are achieved in TiZr0.015NiSn, leading to a peak ZT as high as 0.88 at 773 K and an average ZT value up to 0.62 in the temperature range of 373-773 K. This work gives guidance for optimizing the thermoelectric performance of TiNiSn-based alloys by modulating the microstructures on the secondary nanophases and superlattice nanodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Liang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hengquan Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic & Electrical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement Technology and Intelligent Systems, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Chengyan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jisheng Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lei Miao
- Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SIT Research Laboratories, Innovative Global Program, Faculty of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- International Research Center for Nuclear Materials Science, Institute for Material Research, Tohoku University, Oarai, Ibaraki 311-1313, Japan
| | - Kenta Yoshida
- International Research Center for Nuclear Materials Science, Institute for Material Research, Tohoku University, Oarai, Ibaraki 311-1313, Japan
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuntiao Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhixia Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Biaolin Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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23
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El-Eskandarany MS, Al-Hazza A, Al-Hajji LA, Ali N, Al-Duweesh AA, Banyan M, Al-Ajmi F. Mechanical Milling: A Superior Nanotechnological Tool for Fabrication of Nanocrystalline and Nanocomposite Materials. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2484. [PMID: 34684925 PMCID: PMC8539264 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Throughout human history, any society's capacity to fabricate and refine new materials to satisfy its demands has resulted in advances to its performance and worldwide standing. Life in the twenty-first century cannot be predicated on tiny groupings of materials; rather, it must be predicated on huge families of novel elements dubbed "advanced materials". While there are several approaches and strategies for fabricating advanced materials, mechanical milling (MM) and mechanochemistry have garnered much interest and consideration as novel ways for synthesizing a diverse range of new materials that cannot be synthesized by conventional means. Equilibrium, nonequilibrium, and nanocomposite materials can be easily obtained by MM. This review article has been addressed in part to present a brief history of ball milling's application in the manufacture of a diverse variety of complex and innovative materials during the last 50 years. Furthermore, the mechanism of the MM process will be discussed, as well as the factors affecting the milling process. Typical examples of some systems developed at the Nanotechnology and Applications Program of the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research during the last five years will be presented in this articles. Nanodiamonds, nanocrystalline hard materials (e.g., WC), metal-matrix and ceramic matrix nanocomposites, and nanocrystalline titanium nitride will be presented and discussed. The authors hope that the article will benefit readers and act as a primer for engineers and researchers beginning on material production projects using mechanical milling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sherif El-Eskandarany
- Nanotechnology and Applications Program, Energy and Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait; (A.A.-H.); (L.A.A.-H.); (N.A.); (A.A.A.-D.); (M.B.); (F.A.-A.)
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24
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Wojteczko K, Haberko K, Berent K, Rutkowski P, Bućko MM, Pędzich Z. The Preparation of Dense Materials in the MgO-ZrO 2 System by the Application of Nanometric Powders. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:5478. [PMID: 34639876 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization under hydrothermal conditions allowed us to prepare nanometric powders in the MgO–ZrO2 system of different magnesia concentrations. Sintering runs of these powder compacts studied using dilatometry measurements during heating and cooling revealed essential differences in their behavior. The microstructure of the resulting polycrystal is strongly related to the magnesia content in the starting powder, which strongly influences the phase composition of the resulting material and its mechanical properties. It should be emphasized that the novel processing method of such materials differs from the usual applied technology and leads to magnesia–zirconia materials of a different microstructure than that of “classical” materials of this kind.
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Rajesh M, Srinivas M, John Sushma N, Sanjay Kanna Sharma T, Mallikarjuna K, Deva Prasad Raju B. Synthesis and luminescence properties of Pr 3+ ion-doped Ba 3 Y(PO 4 ) 3 phosphors. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1991-1996. [PMID: 34436825 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Barium yttrium phosphate (BYP) phosphor doped with trivalent praseodymium ions (BaY(1-x) (PO4 )3 :Pr3+ (x = 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 wt%) was synthesized using a high temperature solid-state reaction method. Structural properties were analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. XRD patterns confirmed the structure of the synthesized phosphor and average crystalline size was estimated (approximately 63.8 Å). Vibrational functional groups were identified using FTIR spectroscopy. The emission spectrum was recorded under an 444 nm excitation wavelength, which showed various emission transitions of Pr3+ ions. Commission Internationale de l'éclairage coordinates, colour purity, and colour correlated temperature values were calculated for the BYP:Pr3+ phosphors and these coordinate values fell in the yellow region of the visible spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megala Rajesh
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | | | | | - Tata Sanjay Kanna Sharma
- Department of Molecular Science & Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Konieczny KA, Bąkowicz J, Paliwoda D, Warren MR, Ciesielski A, Cyrański MK, Turowska-Tyrk I. Structural reasons for the formation of multicomponent products and the influence of high pressure. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2021; 77:321-330. [PMID: 34096513 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520621004492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
(S)-(-)-1-Phenylethanaminium 4-(2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoyl)benzoate (S-PEATPBB) undergoes a photochemical reaction in its crystalline form upon UV irradiation and forms three different products: the first product is the result of a Yang cyclization with the participation of the δ-H atom of o-isopropyl (product D) and the second and third products are obtained via a Norrish-Yang reaction with the involvement of the γ-H atom of 2-isopropyl (product P) and 6-isopropyl (product Z). These products are formed in different proportions (D > P >> Z). The path and kinetics of the reaction were monitored step-by-step using crystallographic methods, both under ambient and high-pressure conditions. The reactivity of S-PEATPBB depends strongly on the geometry of the reaction centre and the volume of the reaction cavity. Due to the geometrical preferences making the cyclization reaction easier to proceed, product D dominates over the other products, while the formation of product Z becomes difficult or almost impossible at high pressure. The reaction proceeds with an increase of the unit-cell volume, which, suppressed by high pressure, results in a significant decrease of the reaction rate. The crystal lattice of S-PEATPBB shows high elasticity. The quality of the partially reacted crystal remains the same after decompression from 0.75 GPa to 0.1 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof A Konieczny
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
| | - Julia Bąkowicz
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
| | - Damian Paliwoda
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Mark R Warren
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michał K Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Ilona Turowska-Tyrk
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
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Cherpin C, Lister D, Dacquait F, Liu L. Study of the Solid-State Synthesis of Nickel Ferrite (NiFe 2O 4) by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Raman Spectroscopy. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:2557. [PMID: 34069266 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Spinel ferrite compounds continue to receive a lot of attention due to their unique properties. Among the numerous synthesis routes existing, the solid-state method was applied for the production of nickel ferrite, by introducing the use of a quartz vial. A mixture of nickel oxide (NiO) and hematite (Fe2O3) was ground and vacuum-sealed in the vial and different thermal treatment programs were tested. The resulting particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. For temperatures, below 1000 °C, the solid-state reaction is not complete as nickel oxide (NiO) and hematite (Fe2O3) are still present. The reaction time is a decisive parameter for the morphology of the particles obtained. If, for different reaction times, the particle size distribution is always between 0.3 and 1.7 µm, a longer reaction time leads to the formation of dense, interconnected clusters of particles. Optimal parameters to synthesize a pure phase of spherical nickel ferrite were sought and found to be a reaction temperature of 1000 °C for 72 h.
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Deng S, Jiang X, Chen L, Qi N, Tang X, Chen Z. Ultralow Thermal Conductivity and High Thermoelectric Performance in AgCuTe 1-xSe x through Isoelectronic Substitution. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:868-877. [PMID: 33393286 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a series of x polycrystalline AgCuTe1-xSe samples with high thermoelectric performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data suggest the observation of Ag+, Cu+, Te2-, and Se2- states of Ag, Cu, Te, and Se. Meanwhile, the carrier concentration of the obtained p-type samples changes from 9.12 × 1018 to 0.86 × 1018 cm-3 as their carrier mobility varies from 698.55 to 410.12 cm2·V-1·s-1 at 300 K. Compared with undoped AgCuTe, an ultralow thermal conductivity is realized in AgCuTe1-xSex due to the enhanced phonon scattering. Ultimately, a maximum figure of merit (ZT) of ∼1.45 at 573 K and a high average ZT above 1.0 at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 773 K can be achieved in AgCuTe0.9Se0.1, which increases by 186% compared to that of the undoped AgCuTe (0.82 at 573 K). This work provides a viable insight toward understanding the effect of the Se atom on the lattice structure and thermoelectric properties of AgCuTe and other transition-metal dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Deng
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xianyan Jiang
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lili Chen
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ning Qi
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xinfeng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Malhotra A, Hosseini M, Hooshmand Zaferani S, Hall M, Vashaee D. Enhancement of Diffusion, Densification and Solid-State Reactions in Dielectric Materials Due to Interfacial Interaction of Microwave Radiation: Theory and Experiment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:50941-50952. [PMID: 33090756 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A detailed theoretical model and experimental study are presented that formulate and prove the existence of a robust ponderomotive force (PMF) near the interfaces in a granular dielectric material under microwave radiation. The model calculations show that the net direction of the PMF is pore angle-dependent. For most of the pore angles, the net force is towards the interface creating a mass transport that fills the interfacial pores and facilitates densification. For small ranges of angles, near 180o and 360o, PMF drives the ions in the reverse direction and depletes the pores. However, the net force for such ranges of angles is small. The PMF also enhances the diffusion of the mobile ionic species and, consequently, accelerates the solid-state reaction by increasing the collision probability. The proof-of-concept experiments show that a mixture of elemental powders can diffuse, react, and form dense materials when radiated by the microwave in just a few minutes. Such characteristics, together with field-induced decrystallization, offer a novel and simple approach for the synthesis of nanostructured compounds, which can have practical implications in ceramic technologies and thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Malhotra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Mahshid Hosseini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Sadeq Hooshmand Zaferani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Michael Hall
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Daryoosh Vashaee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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Badami P, Weller JM, Wahab A, Redhammer G, Ladenstein L, Rettenwander D, Wilkening M, Chan CK, Kannan ANM. Highly Conductive Garnet-Type Electrolytes: Access to Li 6.5La 3Zr 1.5Ta 0.5O 12 Prepared by Molten Salt and Solid-State Methods. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:48580-48590. [PMID: 33113638 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tantalum-doped garnet (Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12, LLZTO) is a promising candidate to act as a solid electrolyte in all-solid-state batteries owing to both its high Li+ conductivity and its relatively high robustness against the Li metal. Synthesizing LLZTO using conventional solid-state reaction (SSR) requires, however, high calcination temperature (>1000 °C) and long milling steps, thereby increasing the processing time. Here, we report on a facile synthesis route to prepare LLZTO using a molten salt method (MSS) at lower reaction temperatures and shorter durations (900 °C, 5 h). Additionally, a thorough analysis on the properties, i.e., morphology, phase purity, and particle size distribution of the LLZTO powders, is presented. LLZTO pellets, either prepared by the MSS or the SSR method, that were sintered in a Pt crucible showed Li+ ion conductivities of up to 0.6 and 0.5 mS cm-1, respectively. The corresponding activation energy values are 0.37 and 0.38 eV, respectively. The relative densities of the samples reached values of approximately 96%. For comparison, LLZTO pellets sintered in alumina crucibles or with γ-Al2O3 as sintering aid revealed lower ionic conductivities and relative densities with abnormal grain growth. We attribute these observations to the formation of Al-rich phases near the grain boundary regions and to a lower Li content in the final garnet phase. The MSS method seems to be a highly attractive and an alternative synthetic approach to SSR route for the preparation of highly conducting LLZTO-type ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Badami
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, United States
| | - J Mark Weller
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Abdul Wahab
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, United States
| | - Günther Redhammer
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lukas Ladenstein
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz), 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Rettenwander
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz), 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Wilkening
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz), 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Candace K Chan
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Arunachala Nadar Mada Kannan
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, United States
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31
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Tan S, Gao C, Wang C, Jing Q, Zhou T, Yin G, Sun M, Xing F, Cao R, Sun Y. Synthesis, structure and physical properties of the new layered oxyselenides Bi 2LnO 4Cu 2Se 2 (Ln = rare earth). R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:201078. [PMID: 33204466 PMCID: PMC7657882 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized a new series of layered oxyselenides Bi2LnO4Cu2Se2 (Ln=Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Er, Yb). Their crystal structures and physical properties were studied through X-ray diffraction, electric transport measurements, bulk magnetization and first-principle calculation. All these compounds have a tetragonal structure with space group I4/mmm. They exhibit hole-type metallic behaviours which is also verified by the DFT calculation. The new Bi2LnO4-type block in these compounds may give people some enlightenment in synthesizing new iron-based superconductors or other layered compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugang Tan
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhao Gao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Jing
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhou
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangchao Yin
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xing
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Cao
- Office of International Cooperation and Exchange, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, People's Republic of China
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El-Eskandarany MS, Ali N. Mechanically-Induced Solid-State Reaction for Fabrication of Soft Magnetic (Co 75Ti 25) 100-xB x (x: 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 at%) Metallic Glassy Nanopowders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153338. [PMID: 32717847 PMCID: PMC7436191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallic glasses, with their short-range order structure, exhibit unique characteristics that do not exist in the corresponding crystalline alloys with the same compositions. These unusual properties are attributed to the absence of translational periodicity, grain boundaries, and compositional homogeneity. Cobalt (Co)-based metallic glassy alloys have been receiving great attention due to their superior mechanical and magnetic properties. Unluckily, Co-Ti alloys and its based alloys are difficult to be prepared in glassy form, due to their rather poor glass-forming ability. In the present work, the mechanical alloying approach was employed to investigate the possibility of preparing homogeneous (Co75Ti25)100-xBx starting from elemental powders. The feedstock materials with the desired compositions were high-energy ball-milled under argon atmosphere for 50 h. The end products of the powders obtained after milling revealed a short-range order structure with a broad amorphization range (2 at% ≤ B ≤ 25 at%). The behaviors of these glassy systems, characterized by the supercooled liquid region, and reduced glass transition temperature, were improved upon increasing B molar fraction. The results had shown that when B content increased, the saturation magnetization was increased, where coercivity was decreased.
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33
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Quintero A, Gergaud P, Hartmann JM, Delaye V, Reboud V, Cassan E, Rodriguez P. Impact and behavior of Sn during the Ni/GeSn solid-state reaction. J Appl Crystallogr 2020; 53:605-613. [PMID: 32684875 PMCID: PMC7312141 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720003064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ni-based intermetallics are promising materials for forming efficient contacts in GeSn-based Si photonic devices. However, the role that Sn might have during the Ni/GeSn solid-state reaction (SSR) is not fully understood. A comprehensive analysis focused on Sn segregation during the Ni/GeSn SSR was carried out. In situ X-ray diffraction and cross-section transmission electron microscopy measurements coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and electron energy-loss spectroscopy atomic mappings were performed to follow the phase sequence, Sn distribution and segregation. The results showed that, during the SSR, Sn was incorporated into the intermetallic phases. Sn segregation happened first around the grain boundaries (GBs) and then towards the surface. Sn accumulation around GBs hampered atom diffusion, delaying the growth of the Ni(GeSn) phase. Higher thermal budgets will thus be mandatory for formation of contacts in high-Sn-content photonic devices, which could be detrimental for thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Quintero
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | - Vincent Delaye
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Reboud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Cassan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
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El-Eskandarany MS, Ali N, Saeed M. Glass-Forming Ability and Soft Magnetic Properties of (Co 75Ti 25) 100-xFe x (x; 0-20 at.%) Systems Fabricated by SPS of Mechanically Alloyed Nanopowders. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E849. [PMID: 32354183 PMCID: PMC7712472 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to their outstanding mechanical properties and soft magnetic characteristics, cobalt-based metallic glassy alloys have stimulated much interesting research. These metastable ferromagnetic materials possess very small magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and almost zero magnetostriction. They reveal low coercivity, extremely low core loss, moderate saturation polarization, and very high magnetism. Despite these attractive physical behaviors, Co-based metallic glasses are difficult to obtain by the melting/casting and conventional rapid solidification techniques due to their poor glass-forming ability. In the present study, we succeed in preparing (Co75Ti25)100-xFex (x; 0-20 at.%) metallic glassy powders, using a mechanical alloying approach. The end product of the as-prepared powders was consolidated into full dense cylinders with large-diameter and thickness (2 × 2 cm), using spark plasma sintering technique. The results have shown that the consolidation step did not lead to any undesired crystallizations or phase transformations, and the as-consolidated buttons maintained their unique short-range order structure. These bulk metallic glassy systems possessed high glass-transition and crystallization temperatures, suggesting their high thermal stability. However, they showed low values of the reduced glass-transition temperatures, indicating that this system is difficult to prepare by the conventional way of preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sherif El-Eskandarany
- Nanotechnology and Applications Program, Energy and Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
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El-Eskandarany MS, Ali N. Synthesizing of Novel Bulk (Zr 67Cu 33) 100-xW x( x; 5-30 at%) Glassy Alloys by Spark Plasma Sintering of Mechanically Alloyed Powders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081906. [PMID: 32326121 PMCID: PMC7221603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallic glassy alloys with their short-range order have received considerable attention since their discovery in 1960’s. The worldwide interest in metallic glassy alloys is attributed to their unique mechanical, physical, and chemical properties, which cannot be found together in long-range order alloys of the same compositions. Traditional preparation methods of metallic glasses, such as rapid solidification of melts, always restrict the formation of glassy alloys with large atomic fraction (above 3–5 at%) of high melting point metals (Ta, Mo, W). In this study, (Zr67Cu33)100−xWx(x; 5–30 at%) metallic glassy alloys were fabricated through a mechanical alloying approach, which starts from the elemental powders. This system shows excellent glass forming ability in a wide range of W (0 ≤ x ≥ 30 at%). We have proposed a spark plasma sintering technique to prepare nearly full-dense large sized (20 × 20 mm) bulk metallic glassy alloys. The as-consolidated bulk metallic glassy alloys were seen to possess high thermal stability when compared with the other metallic glassy systems. This is implied by their high glass transition temperature (722–735 K), wide range of supercooled liquid region (39 K to over 100 K), and high values of crystallization temperature (761 K to 823 K). In addition, the fabricated ternary systems have revealed high microhardness values.
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Ziganshin MA, Larionov RA, Gerasimov AV, Ziganshina SA, Klimovitskii AE, Khayarov KR, Mukhametzyanov TA, Gorbatchuk VV. Thermally induced cyclization of L -isoleucyl- L -alanine in solid state: Effect of dipeptide structure on reaction temperature and self-assembly. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3177. [PMID: 31317614 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermal treatment of short-chain oligopeptides is able to initiate the process of their self-assembly with the formation of organic nanostructures with unique properties. On the other hand, heating can lead to a chemical reaction with the formation of new substances with specific properties and ability to form structures with different morphology. Therefore, in order to have a desired process, researcher needs to find its temperature range. In the present work, cyclization of L -isoleucyl-L -alanine dipeptide in the solid state upon heating was studied. Kinetic parameters of this reaction were estimated within the approaches of the nonisothermal kinetics. The correlation between side chain structure of dipeptides and temperature of their cyclization in the solid state was found for the first time. This correlation may be used to predict the temperature, at which dipeptide self-assembly changes to chemical reaction. The differences in self-assembly of linear and cyclic dipeptides were demonstrated using atomic force microscopy. The effect of dipeptide concentration in a source solution and an organic solvent used on self-assembly of dipeptides was shown. The new information obtained on the thermal properties and self-assembly of linear and cyclic forms of L -isoleucyl-L -alanine may be useful for the design of new nanomaterials based on oligopeptides, as well as for the synthesis of cyclic oligopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marat A Ziganshin
- A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Radik A Larionov
- A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Sufia A Ziganshina
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute of FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Khasan R Khayarov
- A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Valery V Gorbatchuk
- A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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El Hajraoui K, Robin E, Zeiner C, Lugstein A, Kodjikian S, Rouvière JL, Den Hertog M. In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis of Copper-Germanium Nanowire Solid-State Reaction. Nano Lett 2019; 19:8365-8371. [PMID: 31613639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A promising approach of making high quality contacts on semiconductors is a silicidation (for silicon) or germanidation (for germanium) annealing process, where the metal enters the semiconductor and creates a low resistance intermetallic phase. In a nanowire, this process allows one to fabricate axial heterostructures with dimensions depending only on the control and understanding of the thermally induced solid-state reaction. In this work, we present the first observation of both germanium and copper diffusion in opposite directions during the solid-state reaction of Cu contacts on Ge nanowires using in situ Joule heating in a transmission electron microscope. The in situ observations allow us to follow the reaction in real time with nanometer spatial resolution. We follow the advancement of the reaction interface over time, which gives precious information on the kinetics of this reaction. We combine the kinetic study with ex situ characterization using model-based energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) indicating that both Ge and Cu diffuse at the surface of the created Cu3Ge segment and the reaction rate is limited by Ge surface diffusion at temperatures between 360 and 600 °C. During the reaction, germanide crystals typically protrude from the reacted NW part. However, their formation can be avoided using a shell around the initial Ge NW. Ha direct Joule heating experiments show slower reaction speeds indicating that the reaction can be initiated at lower temperatures. Moreover, they allow combining electrical measurements and heating in a single contacting scheme, rendering the Cu-Ge NW system promising for applications where very abrupt contacts and a perfectly controlled size of the semiconducting region is required. Clearly, in situ TEM is a powerful technique to better understand the reaction kinetics and mechanism of metal-semiconductor phase formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil El Hajraoui
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38000 Grenoble , France
- CNRS, Institut NEEL , F-38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Eric Robin
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38000 Grenoble , France
- CEA, INAC , F-38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Clemens Zeiner
- Institute of Solid State Electronics , TU-Wien - Nanocenter Campus Gußhaus , Gußhausstraße 25-25a , Gebäude-CH, A-1040 Wien , Austria
| | - Alois Lugstein
- Institute of Solid State Electronics , TU-Wien - Nanocenter Campus Gußhaus , Gußhausstraße 25-25a , Gebäude-CH, A-1040 Wien , Austria
| | - Stéphanie Kodjikian
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38000 Grenoble , France
- CNRS, Institut NEEL , F-38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Jean-Luc Rouvière
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38000 Grenoble , France
- CEA, INAC , F-38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Martien Den Hertog
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38000 Grenoble , France
- CNRS, Institut NEEL , F-38000 Grenoble , France
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Das A, Saha S, Panigrahi K, Ghorai UK, Chattopadhyay KK. Enhanced Photoluminescence Properties of Low-Dimensional Eu 3+-Activated Y 4Al 2O 9 Phosphor Compared to Bulk for Solid-State Lighting Applications and Latent Fingerprint Detection-Based Forensic Applications. Microsc Microanal 2019; 25:1422-1430. [PMID: 31025617 DOI: 10.1017/s143192761900028x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoscale phosphors have become vital in optoelectronic applications and to understand the improved performance of nanophosphors over bulk material, detailed investigation is essential. Herein, trivalent europium-activated Y4Al2O9 phosphors were developed by solid-state reaction and solvothermal reaction methods and their performance as a function of their dimension was studied for various applications. Under 394 nm optical excitation, the photoluminescence (PL) emission, excited state lifetime of the nanophosphor, exhibits greater performance than its bulk counterpart. The homogeneous spherical structure of the nanophosphors as compared with solid lumps of bulk phosphors is the basis for almost 40% of the enhancement in nanophosphors' intense red emission compared to the bulk. Moreover, the thermal stability of the nanophosphor is much better than the bulk phosphor, which clearly indicates a key advantage of nanophosphor. The superior performance of Eu3+-doped Y4Al2O9 nanophosphors over their bulk counterparts has been demonstrated for industrial phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes and visualization of latent fingerprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antika Das
- School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhajit Saha
- School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Karamjyoti Panigrahi
- School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Ghorai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Swami Vivekananda Research Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belurmath, Howrah-711202, West Bengal, India
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Pires AL, Cruz IF, Silva J, Oliveira GNP, Ferreira-Teixeira S, Lopes AML, Araújo JP, Fonseca J, Pereira C, Pereira AM. Printed Flexible μ-Thermoelectric Device Based on Hybrid Bi 2Te 3/PVA Composites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:8969-8981. [PMID: 30693751 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic-polymer composites have become promising materials to be processed by printing technologies because of their unique properties that allow the fabrication of flexible wearable electronics at reduced manufacturing costs. In the present work, a complete methodological process of assembling a flexible microthermoelectric generator based on inorganic-polymer materials is presented. The used microparticles were prepared by a top-down approach beginning with a previously prepared material by solid-state reaction and later scaled down through the use of ball milling. It was found that the necessity to proceed with a chemical treatment with HCl to reduce Bi2O3 present on the surface of the microparticle leads to a power factor (PF) of 2.29 μW K-2 m-1, which is two times higher than that of the untreated sample. On the fabrication of flexible inorganic-organic thermoelectric thick films based on Bi2Te3 microparticles (<50 μm) and the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer with different thicknesses ranging from 11 to 265 μm and with different Bi2Te3 weight percentages (wt %), we found that PVA allowed achieving a homogeneous dispersion of the parent inorganic thermoelectric materials, while still maintaining their high performance. The best produced ink was obtained with 25 wt % of PVA and 75 wt % of chemically treated Bi2Te3 micropowder with a Seebeck coefficient of -166 μV K-1 and a PF of 0.04 μW K-2 m-1. For this optimized concentration, a flexible thermoelectric device was fabricated using n-type thermoelectric inks, which constitutes a major advantage to be applied in printing techniques because of their low curing temperature. The device architecture was composed of 10 stripes with 0.2 × 2.5 cm2 each in a one-leg configuration. This prototype yielded a power output up to ∼9 μW cm-2 with a 46 K temperature gradient (Δ T), and the results were combined with numerical simulations showing a good match between the experimental and the numerical results. The thermoelectric devices studied in this work offer easy fabrication, flexibility, and an attractive thermoelectric output for specific power requirements such as for environmental health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Pires
- IFIMUP and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências , Universidade do Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Inês F Cruz
- IFIMUP and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências , Universidade do Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- CeNTI-Centre for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials , Rua Fernando Mesquita 2785 , 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão , Portugal
| | - Gonçalo N P Oliveira
- IFIMUP and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências , Universidade do Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Sofia Ferreira-Teixeira
- IFIMUP and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências , Universidade do Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Armandina M L Lopes
- IFIMUP and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências , Universidade do Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - João P Araújo
- IFIMUP and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências , Universidade do Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Joana Fonseca
- CeNTI-Centre for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials , Rua Fernando Mesquita 2785 , 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão , Portugal
| | - Clara Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências , Universidade do Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - André M Pereira
- IFIMUP and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências , Universidade do Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
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Wu Y, Ben L, Yu H, Qi W, Zhan Y, Zhao W, Huang X. Understanding the Effect of Atomic-Scale Surface Migration of Bridging Ions in Binding Li 3PO 4 to the Surface of Spinel Cathode Materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:6937-6947. [PMID: 30525422 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spinel cathode materials (e.g., LiMn2O4 and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4) with strongly bonded surface coatings are desirable for delivering improved electrochemical performance in long-term cycling. Here, we report that the introduction of bridging ions such as Fe and Co, which can diffuse into both the spinel cathode materials and Li3PO4, the latter is found to cover the spinel surface in the form of dense and uniform particles (∼2-3 nm). Detailed structural analysis of the surface reveals that the bridging ions diffuse into the 16c site of the spinel structure to form ion-doped spinel cathode materials, which contribute to the formation of strong bonds between the surface and Li3PO4, possibly via spinel-(surface bridging ions)-Li3PO4 bonds. The critical role of the surface bridging ions is further investigated by heating the as-formed Li3PO4-coated spinel cathode materials (with bridging ions) to high temperatures, resulting in further diffusion of bringing ions from the surface to the interior of the spinel materials and consequently depletion of the surface spinel-(surface bridging ions)-Li3PO4 bonds. This leads to the gradual growth of surface Li3PO4 particles (∼20 nm) and the exposure of the spinel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yida Wu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , China
- Songshan Lake Mat Lab, Dongguan 523808 , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Liubin Ben
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , China
- Songshan Lake Mat Lab, Dongguan 523808 , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , China
- Songshan Lake Mat Lab, Dongguan 523808 , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Qi
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , China
- Songshan Lake Mat Lab, Dongguan 523808 , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjie Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , China
- Songshan Lake Mat Lab, Dongguan 523808 , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwu Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Songshan Lake Mat Lab, Dongguan 523808 , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejie Huang
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Songshan Lake Mat Lab, Dongguan 523808 , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
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Ould Saleck A, Assani A, Saadi M, Mercier C, Follet C, El Ammari L. Na 1.85Mg 1.85In 1.15(PO 4) 3 and Ag 1.69Mg 1.69In 1.31(PO 4) 3 with alluaudite-type structures. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:1358-1361. [PMID: 30225131 PMCID: PMC6127713 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989018011799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Single crystals of two new phosphates, sodium magnesium indium(III) tris-(orthophosphate) and silver magnesium indium(III) tris-(orthophosphate), were obtained from solid-state reactions. The two phosphates are isotypic and exhibit alluaudite-type structures. They are characterized by a cationic disorder of the Mg and In sites and a partial occupation of the Na and Ag sites, respectively. The structure of both phosphates is made up of chains of edge-sharing [(Mg,In)O6] octa-hedra extending parallel to [10]. Adjacent chains are linked by PO4 tetra-hedra to form a three-dimensional framework delimiting two types of channels parallel to [001] in which the monovalent cations are situated. The coordination numbers of the Na+ cations are 6 and 8, and for both Ag+ cations 6. The corresponding coordination spheres are considerably distorted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ould Saleck
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abderrazzak Assani
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Saadi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Cyrille Mercier
- Université de Valenciennes, EA 2443 – LMCPA – Laboratoire des Matériaux Céramiques et Procédés Associés, F-59313 Valenciennes, France
| | - Claudine Follet
- Université de Valenciennes, EA 2443 – LMCPA – Laboratoire des Matériaux Céramiques et Procédés Associés, F-59313 Valenciennes, France
| | - Lahcen El Ammari
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
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Lamsakhar NEH, Zriouil M, Assani A, Saadi M, El Ammari L. Crystal structure of disilver(I) dizinc(II) iron(III) tris-(orthovanadate) with an alluaudite-type structure. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:1155-1158. [PMID: 30116583 PMCID: PMC6072985 DOI: 10.1107/s205698901801071x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, Ag2Zn2Fe(VO4)3, has been synthesized by solid-state reactions and belongs to the alluaudite structure family. In the crystal structure, four sites are positioned at special positions. One silver site is located on an inversion centre (Wyckoff position 4b), and an additional silver site, as well as one zinc and one vanadium site, on twofold rotation axes (4e). One site on a general position is statistically occupied by FeIII and ZnII cations that are octa-hedrally surrounded by O atoms. The three-dimensional framework structure of the title vanadate results from [(Zn,Fe)2O10] units of edge-sharing [(Zn,Fe)O6] octa-hedra that alternate with [ZnO6] octa-hedra so as to form infinite chains parallel to [10]. These chains are linked through VO4 tetra-hedra by sharing vertices, giving rise to layers extending parallel to (010). Such layers are shared by common vanadate tetra-hedra. The resulting three-dimensional framework delimits two types of channels parallel to [001] in which the silver sites are located with four- and sixfold coordination by oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour El Houda Lamsakhar
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre des Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Zriouil
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre des Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abderrazzak Assani
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre des Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Saadi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre des Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Lahcen El Ammari
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre des Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
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Abstract
A hydrate of co-crystal of piracetam and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid was obtained via crystallization from water. Single-crystal X-ray data show that piracetam/3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid tetrahydrate (P35TH) crystallizes in the triclinic system with a P1 space group. The physicochemical properties of co-crystal hydrate were characterized using powder X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and FTIR spectroscopy. The dehydration kinetics of P35TH was monitored at various temperatures and heating rates by DSC and TGA. Activation energy of P35TH dehydration was obtained using temperature ramp DSC, isothermal and nonisothermal TGA methods. Kinetic analysis of isothermal TGA data was fitted to various solid-state reaction models. Mechanistic models derived from isothermal dehydration kinetic data are best described as a 2-dimensional diffusion mechanism. A correlation was noted between the dehydration behavior and the bonding environment of the water molecules in the crystal structure. This study is a good demonstration of complexity of co-crystal hydrate and their dehydration behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ninglin Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Function Materials, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Lozanov VV, Baklanova NI, Bulina NV, Titov AT. New Ablation-Resistant Material Candidate for Hypersonic Applications: Synthesis, Composition, and Oxidation Resistance of HfIr 3-Based Solid Solution. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:13062-13072. [PMID: 29589896 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The peculiarities of the solid-state interaction in the HfC-Ir system have been studied within the 1000-1600 °C temperature range using a set of modern analytical techniques. It was stated that the interaction of HfC with iridium becomes noticeable at temperatures as low as 1000-1100 °C and results in the formation of HfIr3-based substitutional solid solution. The homogeneity range of the HfIr3± x phase was evaluated and refined as HfIr2.43-HfIr3.36. The durability of the HfIr3-based system under extreme environmental conditions was studied. It was shown that the HfIr3-based material displays excellent ablation resistance under extreme environmental conditions. The benefits of the new designed material result from its relative oxygen impermeability and special microstructure similar to superalloys. The results obtained in this work allow us to consider HfIr3 as a very promising candidate for extreme applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Lozanov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS , Kutateladze Street 18 , Novosibirsk 630128 , Russian Federation
| | - Natalya I Baklanova
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS , Kutateladze Street 18 , Novosibirsk 630128 , Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V Bulina
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS , Kutateladze Street 18 , Novosibirsk 630128 , Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly T Titov
- V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS , Koptyug Avenue 3 , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russian Federation
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45
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Du J, De Clercq OQ, Korthout K, Poelman D. LaAlO₃:Mn 4+ as Near-Infrared Emitting Persistent Luminescence Phosphor for Medical Imaging: A Charge Compensation Study. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:E1422. [PMID: 29231901 PMCID: PMC5744357 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mn4+-activated phosphors are emerging as a novel class of deep red/near-infrared emitting persistent luminescence materials for medical imaging as a promising alternative to Cr3+-doped nanomaterials. Currently, it remains a challenge to improve the afterglow and photoluminescence properties of these phosphors through a traditional high-temperature solid-state reaction method in air. Herein we propose a charge compensation strategy for enhancing the photoluminescence and afterglow performance of Mn4+-activated LaAlO₃ phosphors. LaAlO₃:Mn4+ (LAO:Mn4+) was synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction in air. The charge compensation strategies for LaAlO₃:Mn4+ phosphors were systematically discussed. Interestingly, Cl-/Na⁺/Ca2+/Sr2+/Ba2+/Ge4+ co-dopants were all found to be beneficial for enhancing LaAlO₃:Mn4+ luminescence and afterglow intensity. This strategy shows great promise and opens up new avenues for the exploration of more promising near-infrared emitting long persistent phosphors for medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaren Du
- LumiLab, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Olivier Q De Clercq
- LumiLab, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Katleen Korthout
- LumiLab, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dirk Poelman
- LumiLab, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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46
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Ma Y, Gao W, Shan H, Chen W, Shang W, Tao P, Song C, Addiego C, Deng T, Pan X, Wu J. Platinum-Based Nanowires as Active Catalysts toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction: In Situ Observation of Surface-Diffusion-Assisted, Solid-State Oriented Attachment. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1703460. [PMID: 29052926 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Facile fabrication of advanced catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction with improving activity and stability is significant for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Based on a generic solid-state reaction, this study reports a modified hydrogen-assisted, gas-phase synthesis for facile, scalable production of surfactant-free, thin, platinum-based nanowire-network electrocatalysts. The free-standing platinum and platinum-nickel alloy nanowires show improvements of up to 5.1 times and 10.9 times for mass activity with a minimum 2.6% loss after an accelerated durability test for 10k cycles; 8.5 times and 13.8 times for specific activity, respectively, compared to commercial Pt/C catalyst. In addition, combined with a wet impregnation method, different substrate-materials-supported platinum-based nanowires are obtained, which paves the way to practical application as a next-generation supported catalyst to replace Pt/C. The growth stages and formation mechanism are investigated by an in situ transmission electron microscopy study. It reveals that the free-standing platinum nanowires form in the solid state via metal-surface-diffusion-assisted oriented attachment of individual nanoparticles, and the interaction with gas molecules plays a critical role, which may represent a gas-molecular-adsorbate-modified growth in catalyst preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenpei Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Hao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Peng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chengyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chris Addiego
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jianbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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47
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Ning X, Lu Y, Fu H, Wan H, Xu Z, Zheng S. Template-Mediated Ni(II) Dispersion in Mesoporous SiO 2 for Preparation of Highly Dispersed Ni Catalysts: Influence of Template Type. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:19335-19344. [PMID: 28498654 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Supported Ni catalysts on three mesoporous SiO2 supports (i.e., SBA-15, MCM-41, and HMS) were prepared using a solid-state reaction between Ni(NO3)2 and organic template-occluded mesoporous SiO2. For comparison, supported Ni catalysts on mesoporous SiO2 synthesized by the conventional impregnation method were also included. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, N2 adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H2 temperature-programmed reduction, transmission electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray. The catalytic properties of the catalysts were evaluated using gas-phase catalytic hydrodechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane. The results showed that upon grinding Ni(NO3)2 with template-occluded mesoporous SiO2, strong coordination between Ni2+ and dodecylamine was identified in the Ni(NO3)2-HMS system. Additionally, the results of H2 temperature-programmed reduction revealed that NiO in calcined NiO/HMS was reduced at higher temperature than those in calcined NiO/SBA-15 and NiO/MCM-41, reflecting the presence of a strong interaction between NiO and mesoporous SiO2 in NiO/HMS. Consistently, the average particle sizes of metallic Ni were found to be 2.7, 3.4, and 9.6 nm in H2-reduced Ni/HMS, Ni/SBA-15, and Ni/MCM-41, respectively, indicative of a much higher Ni dispersion in Ni/HMS. For the catalytic hydrodechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane, Ni/MCM-41 synthesized by the solid-state reaction method exhibited a catalytic activity similar to that prepared by the impregnation method, while higher catalytic activities were observed on Ni/HMS and Ni/SBA-15 than on their counterparts prepared by the impregnation method. Furthermore, a higher conversion was identified on Ni/HMS than on Ni/SBA-15 and Ni/MCM-41, highlighting the importance of template type for the preparation of highly dispersed metal catalysts on mesoporous SiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yiyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Heyun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Haiqin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Shourong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
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48
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Gao N, Zhang M, Zhang JC. AC Electroluminescent Processes in Pr 3+-Activated (Ba 0.4Ca 0.6)TiO₃ Diphase Polycrystals. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:ma10050565. [PMID: 28772925 PMCID: PMC5459082 DOI: 10.3390/ma10050565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the properties of alternating current (AC)-driven electroluminescence from (Ba0.4Ca0.6)TiO3:Pr3+ diphase polycrystal-based device. The results of crystal phases and micrographs, and the symmetrical dual emissions in one AC cycle, indicate the spontaneous formation of a dielectric/phosphor/dielectric sandwich microstructure in (Ba0.4Ca0.6)TiO3:Pr3+. The electroluminescent device emits a red light of 617 nm, which is attributed to the 1D2-3H4 transition of Pr3+ in the phosphor phase. At a fixed AC frequency, the intensity of electroluminescence exhibits a steep enhancement when applying an increased driving electric field that is beyond a threshold. In a fixed driving electric field, the intensity of electroluminescence shows a rapid rise at low frequencies, but reaches saturation at high frequencies. Based on a double-injection model, we discussed systematically the electroluminescent processes in a whole cycle of AC electric field, which matched well with the experimental data. Our investigation is expected to expand our understanding of such a diphase electroluminescent device, thereby promoting their applications in lighting and displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
- First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Jun-Cheng Zhang
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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49
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Chang TY, Wang CM, Lin TY, Lin HM. Conversion of Biowaste Asian Hard Clam (Meretrix lusoria) Shells into White-Emitting Phosphors for Use in Neutral White LEDs. Materials (Basel) 2016; 9:ma9120979. [PMID: 28774101 PMCID: PMC5457013 DOI: 10.3390/ma9120979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing volume and complexity of waste associated with the modern economy poses a serious risk to ecosystems and human health. However, the remanufacturing and recycling of waste into usable products can lead to substantial resource savings. In the present study, clam shell waste was first transformed into pure and well-crystallized single-phase white light-emitting phosphor Ca₉Gd(PO₄)₇:Eu2+,Mn2+ materials. The phosphor Ca₉Gd(PO₄)₇:Eu2+,Mn2+ materials were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method and the carbothermic reduction process, and then characterized and analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The structural and luminescent properties of the phosphors were investigated as well. The PL and quantum efficiency measurements showed that the luminescence properties of clam shell-based phosphors were comparable to that of the chemically derived phosphors. Moreover, white light-emitting diodes were fabricated through the integration of 380 nm chips and single-phase white light-emitting phosphors (Ca0.979Eu0.006Mn0.015)₉Gd(PO₄)₇ into a single package of a white light emitting diode (WLED) emitting a neutral white light of 5298 K with color coordinates of (0.337, 0.344).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yuan Chang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Min Wang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
- National Taiwan Ocean University Center of Excellence for the Oceans, 2 Pei Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Tai-Yuan Lin
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu-Mei Lin
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
- National Taiwan Ocean University Center of Excellence for the Oceans, 2 Pei Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
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50
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Dillip GR, Munirathnam K, Raju BDP, Sushma NJ, Joo SW. An efficient orange-red-emitting LiNa 3 P 2 O 7 :Sm 3+ pyrophosphate: Structural and optical analysis for solid-state lighting. LUMINESCENCE 2016; 32:772-778. [PMID: 27860121 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A trivalent rare-earth ion (Sm3+ )-doped LiNa3 P2 O7 (LNPO) phosphor was synthesized using a conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction route. A predominant orthorhombic phase of LNPO was observed in all X-ray diffraction patterns. The surface states of the LNPO:Sm phosphor were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Under 401 nm excitation, the Sm-doped LNPO phosphors showed sharp emission peaks at 563, 600 and 647 nm that are related to the f-f transition of Sm3+ ions. The optimum concentration of Sm3+ (9 mol%) produced Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates, color rendering index and correlated color temperature of (0.564, 0.434), 42 and 1843 K, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Dillip
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - K Munirathnam
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India.,School of Physical Sciences, Reva University, Bangalore, India
| | - B Deva Prasad Raju
- Department of Future Studies, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - N John Sushma
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavathi Women's University, Tirupati, India
| | - S W Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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