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Shen X, Lei C, Zhang A, Wang L, Chen D, Qi L, Hu Y, Chen G, Ran H, Yin WB. Stimulating Novel and Bioactive Metabolite Production by Cocultivation of Two Fungi ─Aspergillus oryzae and Epicoccum dendrobii. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39020512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Fungi produce various bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs) as protective and weaponized tools to enhance survival in shared ecological niches. By mimicking a competitive ecosystem, cocultivation has been proven to be particularly successful in stimulating SM discovery. Here, we reported the identification of four novel metabolites, epiclactones A and B, epioxochromane and aoergostane, from the coculture of two biotechnologically important strains, Aspergillus oryzae and Epicoccum dendrobii. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed widespread silent gene activation during fungal-fungal interaction. The majority of differentially expressed gene clusters were summarized for both strains. Based on these highly activated biosynthetic pathways, we suggested that a bidirectional chemical defense occurred under cocultivation. E. dendrobii enhanced the production of the spore inhibitor, fumigermin. Moreover, A. oryzae highly accumulated the antifungal agent kojic acid with a yield of up to 1.10 g/L. This study provides an excellent example for the discovery of hidden natural products by cocultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Chengzhi Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Anxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Denghui Chen
- Henan Academy of Science Institute of Biology, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Landa Qi
- Henan Academy of Science Institute of Biology, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Yiliang Hu
- Henan Academy of Science Institute of Biology, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Guocan Chen
- Henan Academy of Science Institute of Biology, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Huomiao Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- Henan Academy of Science Institute of Biology, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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2
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Huang X, Li D, Long B, Li H, Li J, Wang W, Xu K, Yu X. Activation of a Silent Gene Cluster from the Endophytic Fungus Talaromyces sp. Unearths Cryptic Azaphilone Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15801-15810. [PMID: 38962874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Fungal azaphilones have attracted widespread attention due to their significant potential as sources of food pigments and pharmaceuticals. Genome mining and gene cluster activation represent powerful tools and strategies for discovering novel natural products and bioactive molecules. Here, a putative azaphilone biosynthetic gene cluster lut from the endophytic fungus Talaromyces sp. was identified through genome mining. By overexpressing the pathway-specific transcription factor LutB, five new sclerotiorin-type azaphilones (1, 6, 8, and 10-11) together with seven known analogues (2-5, 7, 9, 12) were successfully produced. Compounds 8 and 9 exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with MIC values of 64 and 16 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 11 showed cytotoxic activity against HCT116 and GES-1 with IC50 values of 10.9 and 4.9 μM, respectively, while 1, 4, 5, and 7-10 showed no obvious cytotoxic activity. Gene inactivation experiments confirmed the role of the lut cluster in the production of compounds 1-12. Subsequent feeding experiments unveiled the novel functional diversity of the dual megasynthase system. Furthermore, a LutC-LutD binary oxidoreductase system was discovered, and in combination with DFT calculations, the basic biosynthetic pathway of the sclerotiorin-type azaphilones was characterized. This study provided a good example for the discovery of new azaphilones and further uncovered the biosynthesis of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Huang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Dan Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Bi Long
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Haidi Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jing Li
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Kangping Xu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xia Yu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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Liu Y, Li P, Qi C, Zha Z, Meng J, Liu C, Han J, Zhou Q, Luo Z, Wang J, Zhu H, Ye Y, Chen C, Zhou Y, Zhang Y. Cryptic piperazine derivatives activated by knocking out the global regulator LaeA in Aspergillus flavipes. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 103:117685. [PMID: 38503009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Genome sequencing on an intertidal zone-derived Aspergillus flavipes strain revealed its great potential to produce secondary metabolites. To activate the cryptic compounds of A. flavipes, the global regulator flLaeA was knocked out, leading to substantial up-regulation of the expression of two NRPS-like biosynthetic gene clusters in the ΔflLaeA mutant. With a scaled-up fermentation of the ΔflLaeA strain, five compounds, including two previously undescribed piperazine derivatives flavipamides A and B (1 and 2), along with three known compounds (3-5), were obtained by LC-MS guided isolation. The new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and the biosynthetic pathway was proposed on the bias of bioinformatic analysis and 13C isotope labeling evidence. This is the first report to access cryptic fungi secondary metabolites by inactivating global regulator LaeA and may provide a new approach to discovering new secondary metabolites by such genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengkun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxing Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziou Zha
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiapei Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengwei Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Feng L, Hemu X, Tan NH, Wang Z. OSMAC Strategy: A promising way to explore microbial cyclic peptides. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116175. [PMID: 38377824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Microbial secondary metabolites are pivotal for the development of novel drugs. However, conventional culture techniques, have left a vast array of unexpressed biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in microorganisms, hindering the discovery of metabolites with distinct structural features and diverse biological functions. To address this limitation, several innovative strategies have been emerged. The "One Strain Many Compounds" (OSMAC) strategy, which involves altering microbial culture conditions, has proven to be particularly effective in mining numerous novel secondary metabolites for the past few years. Among these, microbial cyclic peptides stand out. These peptides often comprise rare amino acids, unique chemical structures, and remarkable biological function. With the advancement of the OSMAC strategy, a plethora of new cyclic peptides have been identified from diverse microbial genera. This work reviews the progress in mining novel compounds using the OSMAC strategy and the applications of this strategy in discovering 284 microbial cyclic peptides from 63 endophytic strains, aiming to offer insights for the further explorations into novel active cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xinya Hemu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ning-Hua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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5
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Geris R, Teles de Jesus VE, Ferreira da Silva A, Malta M. Exploring Culture Media Diversity to Produce Fungal Secondary Metabolites and Cyborg Cells. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202302066. [PMID: 38335028 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202302066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Fungi are microorganisms of significant biotechnological importance due to their ability to provide food and produce several value-added secondary metabolites and enzymes. Its products move billions of dollars in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and additives sectors. These microorganisms also play a notable role in bionanotechnology, leading to the production of hybrid biological-inorganic materials (such as cyborg cells) and the use of their enzyme complex in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles. In this sense, optimizing the fungal growth process is necessary, with selecting the cultivation medium as one of the essential factors for the microorganism to reach its maximum metabolic expression. The culture medium's composition can also impact the nanomaterial's stability and prevent the incorporation of nanoparticles into fungal cells. Therefore, our main objectives are the following: (1) compile and discuss the most commonly employed culture media for the production of fungal secondary metabolites and the formation of cyborg cells, accompanied by preparation methods; (2) provide a six-step guide to investigating the fungal metabolomic profile and (3) discuss the main procedures of microbial cultivation to produce fungal cyborg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Geris
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Química de Microrganismos (LBQM), Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo S/n, 40170-115, Salvador, Brasil
| | - Vitória Evelyn Teles de Jesus
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Química de Microrganismos (LBQM), Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo S/n, 40170-115, Salvador, Brasil
| | - Antonio Ferreira da Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Química de Microrganismos (LBQM), Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo S/n, 40170-115, Salvador, Brasil
| | - Marcos Malta
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Química de Microrganismos (LBQM), Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo S/n, 40170-115, Salvador, Brasil
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6
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Meng Z, Tan Y, Duan YL, Li M. Monaspin B, a Novel Cyclohexyl-furan from Cocultivation of Monascus purpureus and Aspergillus oryzae, Exhibits Potent Antileukemic Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1114-1123. [PMID: 38166364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Natural products are a rich resource for the discovery of innovative drugs. Microbial cocultivation enables discovery of novel natural products through tandem enzymatic catalysis between different fungi. In this study, Monascus purpureus, as a food fermentation strain capable of producing abundant natural products, was chosen as an example of a cocultivation pair strain. Cocultivation screening revealed that M. purpureus and Aspergillus oryzae led to the production of two novel cyclohexyl-furans, Monaspins A and B. Optimization of the cocultivation mode and media enhanced the production of Monaspins A and B to 1.2 and 0.8 mg/L, respectively. Monaspins A and B were structurally elucidated by HR-ESI-MS and NMR. Furthermore, Monaspin B displayed potent antiproliferative activity against the leukemic HL-60 cell line by inducing apoptosis, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 160 nM. Moreover, in a mouse leukemia model, Monaspin B exhibited a promising in vivo antileukemic effect by reducing white blood cell, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts. Collectively, these results indicate that Monaspin B is a promising candidate agent for leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Meng
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yingao Tan
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Ya-Li Duan
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Mu Li
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
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Sun M, Lu T, Chen P, Wang X, Yang H, Zhou R, Zheng W, Zhao Y. The sensor histidine kinase (SLN1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) coordinately regulate the response of Neurospora crassa to the springtail Sinella curviseta (Collembola: Entomobryidae) attack. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0101823. [PMID: 37855634 PMCID: PMC10686092 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01018-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Understanding the regulatory pathways by which fungi respond to environmental signals through interlinked genes provides insights into the interactions between fungi and insects. The coordinated optimization of the regulatory networks is necessary for fungi to adapt to their habitats. We demonstrated that the synergistic regulation of sensor histidine kinase (SLN1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) plays a critical role in regulating the fungal response to Sinella curviseta stress. Furthermore, we found that the enhanced production of trehalose, carotenoids, and 5-MTHF plays crucial role in the resistance to the fungivore. Our results provide insights into the understanding of the adaptation of N. crassa to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengni Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ting Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Pengxu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hanbing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Weifa Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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Dunbar KL, Perlatti B, Liu N, Cornelius A, Mummau D, Chiang YM, Hon L, Nimavat M, Pallas J, Kordes S, Ng HL, Harvey CJB. Resistance gene-guided genome mining reveals the roseopurpurins as inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310522120. [PMID: 37983497 PMCID: PMC10691236 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310522120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
With the significant increase in the availability of microbial genome sequences in recent years, resistance gene-guided genome mining has emerged as a powerful approach for identifying natural products with specific bioactivities. Here, we present the use of this approach to reveal the roseopurpurins as potent inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), a class of cell cycle regulators implicated in multiple cancers. We identified a biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) with a putative resistance gene with homology to human CDK2. Using targeted gene disruption and transcription factor overexpression in Aspergillus uvarum, and heterologous expression of the BGC in Aspergillus nidulans, we demonstrated that roseopurpurin C (1) is produced by this cluster and characterized its biosynthesis. We determined the potency, specificity, and mechanism of action of 1 as well as multiple intermediates and shunt products produced from the BGC. We show that 1 inhibits human CDK2 with a Kiapp of 44 nM, demonstrates selectivity for clinically relevant members of the CDK family, and induces G1 cell cycle arrest in HCT116 cells. Structural analysis of 1 complexed with CDK2 revealed the molecular basis of ATP-competitive inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sina Kordes
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, PlaneggD-82152, Germany
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Song Z, Zhou S, Zhang H, Keller NP, Oakley BR, Liu X, Yin WB. Fungal secondary metabolism is governed by an RNA-binding protein CsdA/RsdA complex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7351. [PMID: 37963872 PMCID: PMC10645843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of secondary metabolites is controlled by a complicated regulatory network in eukaryotic cells. Several layers of regulators are involved in this process, ranging from pathway-specific regulation, to epigenetic control, to global regulation. Here, we discover that interaction of an RNA-binding protein CsdA with a regulator RsdA coordinates fungal secondary metabolism. Employing a genetic deletion approach and transcriptome analysis as well as metabolomics analysis, we reveal that CsdA and RsdA synergistically regulate fungal secondary metabolism comprehensively. Mechanistically, comprehensive genetic and biochemical studies prove that RsdA and CsdA co-localize in the nucleus and physically interact to achieve their functions. In particular, we demonstrate that CsdA mediates rsdA expression by binding specific motif "GUCGGUAU" of its pre-mRNA at a post-transcriptional level. We thus uncover a mechanism in which RNA-binding protein physically interacts with, and controls the expression level of, the RsdA to coordinate fungal secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, PR China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongjiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, PR China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Berl R Oakley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, PR China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, PR China.
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10
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Geistodt-Kiener A, Totozafy JC, Le Goff G, Vergne J, Sakai K, Ouazzani J, Mouille G, Viaud M, O'Connell RJ, Dallery JF. Yeast-based heterologous production of the Colletochlorin family of fungal secondary metabolites. Metab Eng 2023; 80:216-231. [PMID: 37863177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic studies have revealed that fungal pathogens of plants activate the expression of numerous biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) exclusively when in presence of a living host plant. The identification and structural elucidation of the corresponding secondary metabolites remain challenging. The aim was to develop a polycistronic system for heterologous expression of fungal BGCs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we adapted a polycistronic vector for efficient, seamless and cost-effective cloning of biosynthetic genes using in vivo assembly (also called transformation-assisted recombination) directly in Escherichia coli followed by heterologous expression in S. cerevisiae. Two vectors were generated with different auto-inducible yeast promoters and selection markers. The effectiveness of these vectors was validated with fluorescent proteins. As a proof-of-principle, we applied our approach to the Colletochlorin family of molecules. These polyketide secondary metabolites were known from the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum but had never been linked to their biosynthetic genes. Considering the requirement for a halogenase, and by applying comparative genomics, we identified a BGC putatively involved in the biosynthesis of Colletochlorins in C. higginsianum. Following the expression of those genes in S. cerevisiae, we could identify the presence of the precursor Orsellinic acid, Colletochlorins and their non-chlorinated counterparts, the Colletorins. In conclusion, the polycistronic vectors described herein were adapted for the host S. cerevisiae and allowed to link the Colletochlorin compound family to their corresponding biosynthetic genes. This system will now enable the production and purification of infection-specific secondary metabolites of fungal phytopathogens. More widely, this system could be applied to any fungal BGC of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Chrisologue Totozafy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Géraldine Le Goff
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Justine Vergne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Kaori Sakai
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jamal Ouazzani
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Muriel Viaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120, Palaiseau, France
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11
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He T, Li X, Iacovelli R, Hackl T, Haslinger K. Genomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Endophytic Fungus Fusarium sp. VM-40 Isolated from the Medicinal Plant Vinca minor. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:704. [PMID: 37504693 PMCID: PMC10381429 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Fusarium is well-known to comprise many pathogenic fungi that affect cereal crops worldwide, causing severe damage to agriculture and the economy. In this study, an endophytic fungus designated Fusarium sp. VM-40 was isolated from a healthy specimen of the traditional European medicinal plant Vinca minor. Our morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis reveal that Fusarium sp. VM-40 is closely related to Fusarium paeoniae, belonging to the F. tricinctum species complex (FTSC), the genomic architecture and secondary metabolite profile of which have not been investigated. Thus, we sequenced the whole genome of Fusarium sp. VM-40 with the new Oxford Nanopore R10.4 flowcells. The assembled genome is 40 Mb in size with a GC content of 47.72%, 15 contigs (≥50,000 bp; N 50~4.3 Mb), and 13,546 protein-coding genes, 691 of which are carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme)-encoding genes. We furthermore predicted a total of 56 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) with antiSMASH, 25 of which showed similarity with known BGCs. In addition, we explored the potential of this fungus to produce secondary metabolites through untargeted metabolomics. Our analyses reveal that this fungus produces structurally diverse secondary metabolites of potential pharmacological relevance (alkaloids, peptides, amides, terpenoids, and quinones). We also employed an epigenetic manipulation method to activate cryptic BGCs, which led to an increased abundance of several known compounds and the identification of several putative new compounds. Taken together, this study provides systematic research on the whole genome sequence, biosynthetic potential, and metabolome of the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. VM-40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Iacovelli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hackl
- Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Haslinger
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Wang Z, Li Z, Niu C, Yang L, Zhai Y, Li D, Wu G, Zhang Z, He X. Aniline-induced production of aniline-containing polyketides and related bicyclic polyketides by the Yellow River wetland-derived fungus Talaromyces funiculosus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1200680. [PMID: 37266016 PMCID: PMC10230029 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1200680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Methods Silencing gene activation can effectively enrich the diversity of fungal secondary metabolites. Results and Discussion Cultivation of the Yellow River wetland-derived fungus Talaromyces funiculosus HPU-Y01 with aniline led to the isolation of one new aniline-containing polyketide tanicutone A (1), two new bicyclic polyketides tanicutones B-C (2-3), a new related trienoic acid 8-methyldeca-2,4,6-trienoic acid (5), and a known compound 4. The planar structures and configurations of 1-5 were determined by NMR, MS, and ECD calculations. Compound 2 featured a key aldehyde group and showed promising inhibitory activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.17 μg/mL. This is a rare report of aniline-induced fungal production of tetrahydronaphthone polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Wang
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Zhanlin Li
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Chao Niu
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Lanping Yang
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Yangyang Zhai
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangwei Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Xueqian He
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
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13
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Chávez R, Vaca I, García-Estrada C. Secondary Metabolites Produced by the Blue-Cheese Ripening Mold Penicillium roqueforti; Biosynthesis and Regulation Mechanisms. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040459. [PMID: 37108913 PMCID: PMC10144355 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are an important source of natural products. The mold Penicillium roqueforti, which is well-known for being responsible for the characteristic texture, blue-green spots, and aroma of the so-called blue-veined cheeses (French Bleu, Roquefort, Gorgonzola, Stilton, Cabrales, and Valdeón, among others), is able to synthesize different secondary metabolites, including andrastins and mycophenolic acid, as well as several mycotoxins, such as Roquefortines C and D, PR-toxin and eremofortins, Isofumigaclavines A and B, festuclavine, and Annullatins D and F. This review provides a detailed description of the biosynthetic gene clusters and pathways of the main secondary metabolites produced by P. roqueforti, as well as an overview of the regulatory mechanisms controlling secondary metabolism in this filamentous fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Chávez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Inmaculada Vaca
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Carlos García-Estrada
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
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14
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Xue M, Hou X, Fu J, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhao Z, Xu D, Lai D, Zhou L. Recent Advances in Search of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Fungi Triggered by Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020172. [PMID: 36836287 PMCID: PMC9961798 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic analysis has demonstrated that many fungi possess essential gene clusters for the production of previously unobserved secondary metabolites; however, these genes are normally reduced or silenced under most conditions. These cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters have become treasures of new bioactive secondary metabolites. The induction of these biosynthetic gene clusters under stress or special conditions can improve the titers of known compounds or the production of novel compounds. Among the inducing strategies, chemical-epigenetic regulation is considered a powerful approach, and it uses small-molecule epigenetic modifiers, which mainly act as the inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase, histone deacetylase, and histone acetyltransferase, to promote changes in the structure of DNA, histones, and proteasomes and to further activate cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters for the production of a wide variety of bioactive secondary metabolites. These epigenetic modifiers mainly include 5-azacytidine, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, suberoyl bishydroxamic acid, sodium butyrate, and nicotinamide. This review gives an overview on the method of chemical epigenetic modifiers to trigger silent or low-expressed biosynthetic pathways to yield bioactive natural products through external cues of fungi, mainly based on the research progress in the period from 2007 to 2022. The production of about 540 fungal secondary metabolites was found to be induced or enhanced by chemical epigenetic modifiers. Some of them exhibited significant biological activities such as cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity.
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15
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Chiang CY, Ohashi M, Tang Y. Deciphering chemical logic of fungal natural product biosynthesis through heterologous expression and genome mining. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:89-127. [PMID: 36125308 PMCID: PMC9906657 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00050d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2010 to 2022Heterologous expression of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) has become a widely used tool for genome mining of cryptic pathways, bottom-up investigation of biosynthetic enzymes, and engineered biosynthesis of new natural product variants. In the field of fungal natural products, heterologous expression of a complete pathway was first demonstrated in the biosynthesis of tenellin in Aspergillus oryzae in 2010. Since then, advances in genome sequencing, DNA synthesis, synthetic biology, etc. have led to mining, assignment, and characterization of many fungal BGCs using various heterologous hosts. In this review, we will highlight key examples in the last decade in integrating heterologous expression into genome mining and biosynthetic investigations. The review will cover the choice of heterologous hosts, prioritization of BGCs for structural novelty, and how shunt products from heterologous expression can reveal important insights into the chemical logic of biosynthesis. The review is not meant to be exhaustive but is rather a collection of examples from researchers in the field, including ours, that demonstrates the usefulness and pitfalls of heterologous biosynthesis in fungal natural product discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Chiang
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Masao Ohashi
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Yi Tang
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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16
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Abstract
Covering: 2015 to 2022Fungal terpenoids are of large structural diversity and often exhibit interesting biological activities. Recent work has focused on two main aspects: (1) the discovery and understanding of unknown biosynthetic genes and pathways, and (2) the usage of already known biosynthetic genes in the construction of high yielding production strains. Both aspects will be covered in this review article that aims to summarise the most important work of the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Yin
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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17
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Zhang L, Wang C, Chen K, Zhong W, Xu Y, Molnár I. Engineering the biosynthesis of fungal nonribosomal peptides. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:62-88. [PMID: 35796260 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2011 up to the end of 2021.Fungal nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) and the related polyketide-nonribosomal peptide hybrid products (PK-NRPs) are a prolific source of bioactive compounds, some of which have been developed into essential drugs. The synthesis of these complex natural products (NPs) utilizes nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), multidomain megaenzymes that assemble specific peptide products by sequential condensation of amino acids and amino acid-like substances, independent of the ribosome. NRPSs, collaborating polyketide synthase modules, and their associated tailoring enzymes involved in product maturation represent promising targets for NP structure diversification and the generation of small molecule unnatural products (uNPs) with improved or novel bioactivities. Indeed, reprogramming of NRPSs and recruiting of novel tailoring enzymes is the strategy by which nature evolves NRP products. The recent years have witnessed a rapid development in the discovery and identification of novel NRPs and PK-NRPs, and significant advances have also been made towards the engineering of fungal NRP assembly lines to generate uNP peptides. However, the intrinsic complexities of fungal NRP and PK-NRP biosynthesis, and the large size of the NRPSs still present formidable conceptual and technical challenges for the rational and efficient reprogramming of these pathways. This review examines key examples for the successful (and for some less-successful) re-engineering of fungal NRPS assembly lines to inform future efforts towards generating novel, biologically active peptides and PK-NRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Kang Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Weimao Zhong
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Rd., Tucson, AZ 85706, USA
| | - Yuquan Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - István Molnár
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Rd., Tucson, AZ 85706, USA.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
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18
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Zhao F, Sun C, Liu Z, Cabrera A, Escobar M, Huang S, Yuan Q, Nie Q, Luo KL, Lin A, Vanegas JA, Zhu T, Hilton IB, Gao X. Multiplex Base-Editing Enables Combinatorial Epigenetic Regulation for Genome Mining of Fungal Natural Products. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:413-421. [PMID: 36542862 PMCID: PMC10162584 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Genome mining of cryptic natural products (NPs) remains challenging, especially in filamentous fungi, owing to their complex genetic regulation. Increasing evidence indicates that several epigenetic modifications often act cooperatively to control fungal gene transcription, yet the ability to predictably manipulate multiple genes simultaneously is still largely limited. Here, we developed a multiplex base-editing (MBE) platform that significantly improves the capability and throughput of fungal genome manipulation, leading to the simultaneous inactivation of up to eight genes using a single transformation. We then employed MBE to inactivate three negative epigenetic regulators combinatorially in Aspergillus nidulans, enabling the activation of eight cryptic gene clusters compared to the wild-type strains. A group of novel NPs harboring unique cichorine and polyamine hybrid chemical scaffolds were identified, which were not reported previously. We envision that our scalable and efficient MBE platform can be readily applied in other filamentous fungi for the genome mining of novel NPs, providing a powerful approach for the exploitation of fungal chemical diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglong Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Chunxiao Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Alan Cabrera
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Mario Escobar
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Shunyu Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Qichen Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Qiuyue Nie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kevin Lee Luo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Angela Lin
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Vanegas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Tong Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Isaac B Hilton
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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19
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Wang W, Liang X, Li Y, Wang P, Keller NP. Genetic Regulation of Mycotoxin Biosynthesis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010021. [PMID: 36675842 PMCID: PMC9861139 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination in food poses health hazards to humans. Current methods of controlling mycotoxins still have limitations and more effective approaches are needed. During the past decades of years, variable environmental factors have been tested for their influence on mycotoxin production leading to elucidation of a complex regulatory network involved in mycotoxin biosynthesis. These regulators are putative targets for screening molecules that could inhibit mycotoxin synthesis. Here, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of hierarchical regulators, including pathway-specific regulators, global regulators and epigenetic regulators, on the production of the most critical mycotoxins (aflatoxins, patulin, citrinin, trichothecenes and fumonisins). Future studies on regulation of mycotoxins will provide valuable knowledge for exploring novel methods to inhibit mycotoxin biosynthesis in a more efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (N.P.K.)
| | - Xinle Liang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yudong Li
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Pinmei Wang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Nancy P. Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (N.P.K.)
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20
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Chiang YM, Lin TS, Wang CCC. Total Heterologous Biosynthesis of Fungal Natural Products in Aspergillus nidulans. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2484-2518. [PMID: 36173392 PMCID: PMC9621686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fungal natural products comprise a wide range of bioactive compounds including important drugs and agrochemicals. Intriguingly, bioinformatic analyses of fungal genomes have revealed that fungi have the potential to produce significantly more natural products than what have been discovered so far. It has thus become widely accepted that most biosynthesis pathways of fungal natural products are silent or expressed at very low levels under laboratory cultivation conditions. To tap into this vast chemical reservoir, the reconstitution of entire biosynthetic pathways in genetically tractable fungal hosts (total heterologous biosynthesis) has become increasingly employed in recent years. This review summarizes total heterologous biosynthesis of fungal natural products accomplished before 2020 using Aspergillus nidulans as heterologous hosts. We review here Aspergillus transformation, A. nidulans hosts, shuttle vectors for episomal expression, and chromosomal integration expression. These tools, collectively, not only facilitate the discovery of cryptic natural products but can also be used to generate high-yield strains with clean metabolite backgrounds. In comparison with total synthesis, total heterologous biosynthesis offers a simplified strategy to construct complex molecules and holds potential for commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Shyang Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Clay C C Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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21
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Quantitative characterization of filamentous fungal promoters on a single-cell resolution to discover cryptic natural products. SCIENCE CHINA LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 66:848-860. [PMID: 36287342 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of filamentous fungal regulatory elements remains challenging because of time-consuming transformation technologies and limited quantitative methods. Here we established a method for quantitative assessment of filamentous fungal promoters based on flow cytometry detection of the superfolder green fluorescent protein at single-cell resolution. Using this quantitative method, we acquired a library of 93 native promoter elements from Aspergillus nidulans in a high-throughput format. The strengths of identified promoters covered a 37-fold range by flow cytometry. PzipA and PsltA were identified as the strongest promoters, which were 2.9- and 1.5-fold higher than that of the commonly used constitutive promoter PgpdA. Thus, we applied PzipA and PsltA to activate the silent nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene Afpes1 from Aspergillus fumigatus in its native host and the heterologous host A. nidulans. The metabolic products of Afpes1 were identified as new cyclic tetrapeptide derivatives, namely, fumiganins A and B. Our method provides an innovative strategy for natural product discovery in fungi.
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22
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Chen Y, Pang X, He Y, Lin X, Zhou X, Liu Y, Yang B. Secondary Metabolites from Coral-Associated Fungi: Source, Chemistry and Bioactivities. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1043. [PMID: 36294608 PMCID: PMC9604832 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study of the secondary metabolites of coral-associated fungi produced a valuable and extra-large chemical database. Many of them exhibit strong biological activity and can be used for promising drug lead compounds. Serving as an epitome of the most promising compounds, which take the ultra-new skeletons and/or remarkable bioactivities, this review presents an overview of new compounds and bioactive compounds isolated from coral-associated fungi, covering the literature from 2010 to 2021. Its scope included 423 metabolites, focusing on the bioactivity and structure diversity of these compounds. According to structure, these compounds can be roughly classified as terpenes, alkaloids, peptides, aromatics, lactones, steroids, and other compounds. Some of them described in this review possess a wide range of bioactivities, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antifouling, and other activities. This review aims to provide some significant chemical and/or biological enlightenment for the study of marine natural products and marine drug development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yanchun He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiuping Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Bin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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23
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Epigenetic Manipulation Induced Production of Immunosuppressive Chromones and Cytochalasins from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis asparagi DHS-48. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100616. [PMID: 36286441 PMCID: PMC9605342 DOI: 10.3390/md20100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A mangrove endophytic fungus Phomopsis asparagi DHS-48 was found to be particularly productive with regard to the accumulation of substantial new compounds in our previous study. In order to explore its potential to produce more unobserved secondary metabolites, epigenetic manipulation was used on this fungus to activate cryptic or silent genes by using the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor sodium butyrate and the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-Aza). Based on colony growth, dry biomass, HPLC, and 1H NMR analyses, the fungal chemical diversity profile was significantly changed compared with the control. Two new compounds, named phaseolorin J (1) and phomoparagin D (5), along with three known chromones (2–4) and six known cytochalasins (6–11), were isolated from the culture treated with sodium butyrate. Their structures, including their absolute configurations, were elucidated using a combination of detailed HRESIMS, NMR, and ECD and 13C NMR calculations. The immunosuppressive and cytotoxic activities of all isolated compounds were evaluated. Compounds 1 and 8 moderately inhibited the proliferation of ConA (concanavalin A)-induced T and LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced B murine spleen lymphocytes. Compound 5 exhibited significant in vitro cytotoxicity against the tested human cancer cell lines Hela and HepG2, which was comparative to the positive control adriamycin and fluorouracil. Our finding demonstrated that epigenetic manipulation should be an efficient strategy for the induction of new metabolites from mangrove endophytic fungi.
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Mózsik L, Iacovelli R, Bovenberg RAL, Driessen AJM. Transcriptional Activation of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Filamentous Fungi. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:901037. [PMID: 35910033 PMCID: PMC9335490 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.901037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are highly productive cell factories, many of which are industrial producers of enzymes, organic acids, and secondary metabolites. The increasing number of sequenced fungal genomes revealed a vast and unexplored biosynthetic potential in the form of transcriptionally silent secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Various strategies have been carried out to explore and mine this untapped source of bioactive molecules, and with the advent of synthetic biology, novel applications, and tools have been developed for filamentous fungi. Here we summarize approaches aiming for the expression of endogenous or exogenous natural product BGCs, including synthetic transcription factors, assembly of artificial transcription units, gene cluster refactoring, fungal shuttle vectors, and platform strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Mózsik
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Iacovelli
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Roel A. L. Bovenberg
- DSM Biotechnology Center, Delft, Netherlands
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Cell Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Arnold J. M. Driessen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Global regulatory factor VeA upregulates the production of antitumor substances in endophytic Fusarium solani. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2022; 115:1085-1100. [PMID: 35789442 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-022-01753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated that endophytic fungi have the potential to produce antitumor active substances with novel structures and significant activities. In our previous studies, we isolated a Fusarium strain from the stem of the medicinal plant Nothapodytes pittosporoides (Oliv.). In this study, we identified this strain as Fusarium solani and found that its crude extract has significant antitumor activity against human alveolar adenocarcinoma cells (A549). We overexpressed the global regulatory factor VeA in F. solani (VeAOE), resulting in a significant increase in antitumor activity. The MTT assay results showed that the inhibition rate of the VeAOE mutant extract on A549 cancer cells was significantly higher than that of the WT extract, as the IC50 decreased from 369.22 to 285.89 μg/mL, and the apoptosis ratio was significantly increased by approximately 4.86-fold. In VeAOE, accumulation of alkaloids, terpenoids, carboxylic acid derivatives, phenols and flavonoid metabolites with potential antitumor activity was significantly increased compared with WT based on metabolomic analysis. Additionally, transcriptome analysis found that the expression patterns of 48 genes related to antitumor activity were significantly changed in VeAOE, mainly involving glycosyl hydrolases, the Zn(2)-Cys(6) class, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase, and polyketide synthases. These results suggested that VeA mediated the antitumor activity of the metabolites in F. solani HB1-J1 by regulating multiple metabolic pathways.
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Sun WW, Li CY, Chiang YM, Lin TS, Warren S, Chang FR, Wang CCC. Characterization of a silent azaphilone biosynthesis gene cluster in Aspergillus terreus NIH 2624. Fungal Genet Biol 2022; 160:103694. [PMID: 35398258 PMCID: PMC9701353 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungal secondary metabolites are an important source of bioactive components. Genome sequencing ofAspergillus terreusrevealed many silent secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters presumed to be involved in producing secondary metabolites. Activation of silent gene clusters through overexpressing a pathway-specific regulator is an effective avenue for discovering novel fungal secondary metabolites. Replacement of the native promoter of the pathway-specific activator with the inducible Tet-on system to activate thetazpathway led to the discovery of a series of azaphilone secondary metabolites, among which azaterrilone A (1) was purified and identified for the first time. Genetic deletion of core PKS genes and transcriptional analysis further characterized thetazgene cluster to consist of 16 genes with the NR-PKS and the HR-PKS collaborating in a convergent mode. Based on the putative gene functions and the characterized compounds structural information, a biosynthetic pathway of azaterrilone A (1) was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wen Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Chi-Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yi-Ming Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Shyang Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Shauna Warren
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Clay C C Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Combination Strategy of Genetic Dereplication and Manipulation of Epigenetic Regulators Reveals a Novel Compound from Plant Endophytic Fungus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073686. [PMID: 35409046 PMCID: PMC8998291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The strategies of genetic dereplication and manipulation of epigenetic regulators to activate the cryptic gene clusters are effective to discover natural products with novel structure in filamentous fungi. In this study, a combination of genetic dereplication (deletion of pesthetic acid biosynthetic gene, PfptaA) and manipulation of epigenetic regulators (deletion of histone methyltransferase gene PfcclA and histone deacetylase gene PfhdaA) was developed in plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici. The deletion of PfptaA with PfcclA and/or PfhdaA led to isolation of 1 novel compound, pestaloficiol X (1), as well as another 11 known compounds with obvious yield changes. The proposed biosynthesis pathway of pestaloficiol X was speculated using comparative analysis of homologous biosynthetic gene clusters. Moreover, phenotypic effects on the conidial development and response to oxidative stressors in the mutants were explored. Our results revealed that the new strain with deletion of PfcclA or PfhdaA in ΔPfptaA background host can neutralise the hyperformation of conidia in the PfptaA mutant, and that the ΔPfptaA ΔPfhdaA mutant was generally not sensitive to oxidative stressors as much as the ΔPfptaA ΔcclA mutant in comparison with the single mutant ΔPfptaA or the parental strains. This combinatorial approach can be applied to discover new natural products in filamentous fungi.
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Fierro F, Vaca I, Castillo NI, García-Rico RO, Chávez R. Penicillium chrysogenum, a Vintage Model with a Cutting-Edge Profile in Biotechnology. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030573. [PMID: 35336148 PMCID: PMC8954384 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of penicillin entailed a decisive breakthrough in medicine. No other medical advance has ever had the same impact in the clinical practise. The fungus Penicillium chrysogenum (reclassified as P. rubens) has been used for industrial production of penicillin ever since the forties of the past century; industrial biotechnology developed hand in hand with it, and currently P. chrysogenum is a thoroughly studied model for secondary metabolite production and regulation. In addition to its role as penicillin producer, recent synthetic biology advances have put P. chrysogenum on the path to become a cell factory for the production of metabolites with biotechnological interest. In this review, we tell the history of P. chrysogenum, from the discovery of penicillin and the first isolation of strains with high production capacity to the most recent research advances with the fungus. We will describe how classical strain improvement programs achieved the goal of increasing production and how the development of different molecular tools allowed further improvements. The discovery of the penicillin gene cluster, the origin of the penicillin genes, the regulation of penicillin production, and a compilation of other P. chrysogenum secondary metabolites will also be covered and updated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Fierro
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Inmaculada Vaca
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
| | - Nancy I. Castillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | - Ramón Ovidio García-Rico
- Grupo de Investigación GIMBIO, Departamento De Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona 543050, Colombia;
| | - Renato Chávez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile;
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Zhang FL, Feng T. Diterpenes Specially Produced by Fungi: Structures, Biological Activities, and Biosynthesis (2010–2020). J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030244. [PMID: 35330246 PMCID: PMC8951520 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi have traditionally been a very rewarding source of biologically active natural products, while diterpenoids from fungi, such as the cyathane-type diterpenoids from Cyathus and Hericium sp., the fusicoccane-type diterpenoids from Fusicoccum and Alternaria sp., the guanacastane-type diterpenoids from Coprinus and Cercospora sp., and the harziene-type diterpenoids from Trichoderma sp., often represent unique carbon skeletons as well as diverse biological functions. The abundances of novel skeletons, biological activities, and biosynthetic pathways present new opportunities for drug discovery, genome mining, and enzymology. In addition, diterpenoids peculiar to fungi also reveal the possibility of differing biological evolution, although they have similar biosynthetic pathways. In this review, we provide an overview about the structures, biological activities, evolution, organic synthesis, and biosynthesis of diterpenoids that have been specially produced by fungi from 2010 to 2020. We hope this review provides timely illumination and beneficial guidance for future research works of scholars who are interested in this area.
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30
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Zhang J, Yin WB. Characterisation of two unique sesquiterpenoids from Trichoderma hypoxylon. Mycology 2022; 13:32-38. [PMID: 35186411 PMCID: PMC8856097 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2021.1964630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new sesquiterpenoids, 1–2, together with three known compounds, were isolated from Trichoderma hypoxylon. Among the known compounds, compound 4 was isolated as naturally occurring compound for the first time. The structures of these new compounds were characterized by HR-ESI-MS and spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR. The absolute configurations of 1–2 were assigned by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Of Mycology, Institute Of Microbiology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Beijing, Republic of China.,University Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Beijing, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State Key Laboratory Of Mycology, Institute Of Microbiology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Beijing, Republic of China.,University Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Beijing, Republic of China
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31
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Xu G, Zhang L, Liu X, Guan F, Xu Y, Yue H, Huang JQ, Chen J, Wu N, Tian J. Combined assembly of long and short sequencing reads improve the efficiency of exploring the soil metagenome. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:37. [PMID: 34996356 PMCID: PMC8742384 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advances in DNA sequencing technologies have transformed our capacity to perform life science research, decipher the dynamics of complex soil microbial communities and exploit them for plant disease management. However, soil is a complex conglomerate, which makes functional metagenomics studies very challenging. Results Metagenomes were assembled by long-read (PacBio, PB), short-read (Illumina, IL), and mixture of PB and IL (PI) sequencing of soil DNA samples were compared. Ortholog analyses and functional annotation revealed that the PI approach significantly increased the contig length of the metagenomic sequences compared to IL and enlarged the gene pool compared to PB. The PI approach also offered comparable or higher species abundance than either PB or IL alone, and showed significant advantages for studying natural product biosynthetic genes in the soil microbiomes. Conclusion Our results provide an effective strategy for combining long and short-read DNA sequencing data to explore and distill the maximum information out of soil metagenomics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08260-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshun Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Guan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Yue
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang University, 666 Shengli Road, Urumqi, 830046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Qun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ningfeng Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Tian
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Qian Z, Liu Q, Cai M. Investigating Fungal Biosynthetic Pathways Using Pichia pastoris as a Heterologous Host. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2489:115-127. [PMID: 35524048 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2273-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fungal natural products have extensive biological activities, and thus have been largely commercialized in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and food industries. Recently, heterologous expression has become an irreplaceable technique to functionalize fungal biosynthetic gene clusters and synthesize fungal natural products in various chassis organisms. This chapter describes the general method of using Pichia pastoris as a chassis host to investigate fungal biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang Z, He X, Li H, Liu Z, Niu C, Yang L, Zhai Y, Hou B, Zhang B, Zhang X, Li D, Zhou J, Wang Z. Precursor-Directed Biosynthesis of Talaroenamine Derivatives Using a Yellow River Wetland-Derived Penicillium malacosphaerulum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2923-2928. [PMID: 34762445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Precursor-directed biosynthesis was used to introduce selected aniline derivatives into the talaroenamine pathway, which had recently been defined from a Yellow River wetland-derived Penicillim malacosphaerulum HPU-J01. The known talaroenamine B (1) and six previously undescribed talaroenamine derivatives, talaroenamines F-K (2-7), were generated and structurally characterized. The aniline derivatives are introduced via nonenzymatic addition to the reactive intermediate cyclohexanedione. Compound 2 was active against Bacillus cereus with an MIC value of 0.85 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Repubilc of China
| | - Xueqian He
- College of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Repubilc of China
| | - Huadong Li
- College of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Repubilc of China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- College of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Repubilc of China
| | - Chao Niu
- College of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Repubilc of China
| | - Lanping Yang
- College of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Repubilc of China
| | - Yangyang Zhai
- College of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Repubilc of China
| | - Baohua Hou
- College of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Repubilc of China
| | - Baobao Zhang
- College of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Repubilc of China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Repubilc of China
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Repubilc of China
| | - Jingchun Zhou
- Beijing Bencaoyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Beijing 102629, People's Repubilc of China
| | - Zhenhui Wang
- College of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Repubilc of China
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Yin M, Xiao D, Wang C, Zhang L, Dun B, Yue Q. The regulation of BbLaeA on the production of beauvericin and bassiatin in Beauveria bassiana. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 38:1. [PMID: 34817662 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Beauvericin and bassiatin are two valuable compounds with various bioactivities biosynthesized by the supposedly same nonribosomal peptide synthetase BbBEAS in entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. To evaluate the regulatory effect of global regulator LaeA on their production, we constructed BbLaeA gene deletion and overexpression mutants, respectively. Deletion of BbLaeA resulted in a decrease of the beauvericin titer, while overexpression of BbLaeA increased its production by 1-2.26 times. No bassiatin could be detected in ΔBbLaeA and wild type strain of B. bassiana, but 4.26-5.10 µg/mL bassiatin was produced in OE::BbLaeA. Furthermore, additional metabolites with increased production in OE::BbLaeA were isolated and identified as primary metabolites. Among them, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid showed antibacterial bioactivity against Ralstonia solanacearum. These results indicated that BbLaeA positively regulates the production of beauvericin, bassiatin and various bioactive primary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Yin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dongliang Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Baoqing Dun
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Qun Yue
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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35
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Xie M, Ma N, Bai N, Zhu M, Zhang KQ, Yang J. Phospholipase C (AoPLC2) regulates mycelial development, trap morphogenesis, and pathogenicity of the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2144-2156. [PMID: 34797022 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Phospholipase C (PLC) is a hydrolase involved in signal transduction in eukaryotic cells. This study aimed to understand the function of PLC in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. METHODS AND RESULTS Orthologous PLC (AoPLC2) of A. oligospora was functionally analysed using gene disruption and multi-phenotypic analysis. Disrupting Aoplc2 caused a deformation of partial hyphal cells (about 10%) and conidia (about 50%), decreased the number of nuclei in both conidia and hyphal cells, and increased the accumulation of lipid droplets. Meanwhile, the sporulation-related genes fluG and abaA were downregulated in ΔAoplc2 mutants than in the wild-type strain. Moreover, ΔAoplc2 mutants were more sensitive to osmotic stressors. Importantly, the number of traps, electron-dense bodies in traps, and nematicidal activity of ΔAoplc2 mutants were reduced, and the shape of the traps was deformed. In addition, AoPLC2 was involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in A. oligospora. CONCLUSIONS AoPLC2 plays an important role in the development of hyphae, spores, and cell nuclei, responses to stress, formation of traps, and predation of nematodes in A. oligospora. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY This study reveals the various functions of phospholipase C and elucidates the regulation of trap morphogenesis in nematode-trapping fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,School of Resource, Environment and Chemistry, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong, China
| | - Ni Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Na Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Meichen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinkui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Meng X, Fang Y, Ding M, Zhang Y, Jia K, Li Z, Collemare J, Liu W. Developing fungal heterologous expression platforms to explore and improve the production of natural products from fungal biodiversity. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107866. [PMID: 34780934 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural products from fungi represent an important source of biologically active metabolites notably for therapeutic agent development. Genome sequencing revealed that the number of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in fungi is much larger than expected. Unfortunately, most of them are silent or barely expressed under laboratory culture conditions. Moreover, many fungi in nature are uncultivable or cannot be genetically manipulated, restricting the extraction and identification of bioactive metabolites from these species. Rapid exploration of the tremendous number of cryptic fungal BGCs necessitates the development of heterologous expression platforms, which will facilitate the efficient production of natural products in fungal cell factories. Host selection, BGC assembly methods, promoters used for heterologous gene expression, metabolic engineering strategies and compartmentalization of biosynthetic pathways are key aspects for consideration to develop such a microbial platform. In the present review, we summarize current progress on the above challenges to promote research effort in the relevant fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Mingyang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Kaili Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Zhongye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Jérôme Collemare
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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Roux I, Bowles S, Kalaitzis JA, Vuong D, Lacey E, Chooi YH, Piggott AM. Characterisation and heterologous biosynthesis of burnettiene A, a new polyene-decalin polyketide from Aspergillus burnettii. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9506-9513. [PMID: 34714309 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01766g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exploration of the recently described Australian fungus, Aspergillus burnettii, uncovered a new metabolite, burnettiene A. Here, we characterise the structure of burnettiene A as a polyene-decalin polyketide. Bioinformatic analysis of the genome of A. burnettii identified a putative biosynthetic gene cluster for burnettiene A (bue), consisting of eight genes and sharing similarity to the fusarielin gene cluster. Introduction of the reassembled bue gene cluster into Aspergillus nidulans for heterologous expression resulted in the production of burnettiene A under native promoters. Omission of bueE encoding a cytochrome P450 led to the production of preburnettiene A, confirming that BueE is responsible for catalysing the regiospecific multi-oxidation of terminal methyl groups to carboxylic acids. Similarly, bueF was shown to encode an ester-forming methyltransferase, with its omission resulting in the production of the tricarboxylic acid, preburnettiene B. Introduction of an additional copy of the transcription factor bueR under the regulation of the gpdA promoter significantly improved the heterologous production of the burnettienes. Burnettiene A displayed strong in vitro cytotoxicity against mouse myeloma NS-1 cells (MIC 0.8 μg mL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Roux
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Simon Bowles
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty. Ltd, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | - John A Kalaitzis
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty. Ltd, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Daniel Vuong
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty. Ltd, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | - Ernest Lacey
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty. Ltd, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Yit-Heng Chooi
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Andrew M Piggott
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Lyu HN, Zhang J, Zhou S, Liu HW, Zhuang WY, Li SM, Yin WB. Heterologous expression of a single fungal HR-PKS leads to the formation of diverse 2-alkenyl-tetrahydropyrans in model fungi. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8377-8383. [PMID: 34528986 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01501j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2-Alkenyl-tetrahydropyrans belong to a rare class of natural products that exhibit broad antifungal activities. Their structural instability and rareness in nature have restrained their discovery and drug development. In this study, the heterologous expression of a single highly reducing polyketide synthase (HR-PKS, App1) from Trichoderma applanatum in Aspergillus nidulans leads to the formation of seven 2-alkenyl-tetrahydropyran derivatives including one known compound virensol C (1) and six new compounds (2-7). However, introducing App1 into Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in the identification of additional two 2-alkenyl-tetrahydropyrans lacking the hydroxyl or methoxyl group at the C-2 position (8 and 9). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis using NMR and HR-ESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ning Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Ying Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People's Republic of China
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Zhang L, Yue Q, Wang C, Xu Y, Molnár I. Secondary metabolites from hypocrealean entomopathogenic fungi: genomics as a tool to elucidate the encoded parvome. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 37:1164-1180. [PMID: 32211677 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00007h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2014 up to the third quarter of 2019 Hypocrealean entomopathogenic fungi (HEF) produce a large variety of secondary metabolites (SMs) that are prominent virulence factors or mediate various interactions in the native niches of these organisms. Many of these SMs show insecticidal, immune system modulatory, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and other bioactivities of clinical or agricultural significance. Recent advances in whole genome sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have revealed many biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) potentially involved in SM production in HEF. Some of these BGCs are now well characterized, with the structures of the cognate product congeners elucidated, and the proposed biosynthetic functions of key enzymes validated. However, the vast majority of HEF BGCs are still not linked to SM products ("orphan" BGCs), including many clusters that are not expressed (silent) under routine laboratory conditions. Thus, investigations into the encoded parvome (the secondary metabolome predicted from the genome) of HEF allows the discovery of BGCs for known SMs; uncovers novel metabolites based on the BGCs; and catalogues the predicted SM biosynthetic potential of these fungi. Herein, we summarize new developments of the field, and survey the polyketide, nonribosomal peptide, terpenoid and hybrid SM BGCs encoded in the currently available 40 HEF genome sequences. Studying the encoded parvome of HEF will increase our understanding of the multifaceted roles that SMs play in biotic and abiotic interactions and will also reveal biologically active SMs that can be exploited for the discovery of human and veterinary drugs or crop protection agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Qun Yue
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Yuquan Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - István Molnár
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Rd., Tucson, AZ 85706, USA.
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De novo biosynthesis and gram-level production of m-cresol in Aspergillus nidulans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6333-6343. [PMID: 34423409 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11490-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The industrially important meta-cresol (m-cresol, 3-methylphenol) is mainly produced from fossil resources by chemical methods. The microbial production of m-cresol was rarely investigated. Herein, we constructed a platform for the overproduction of m-cresol in a modified fungus Aspergillus nidulans FGSC no. A1145∆ST∆EM, which gave a gram-level titer using starch as carbon resource. For the biosynthesis of m-cresol, the 6-methyl salicylic acid synthase (MSAS)-encoding gene patK and 6-methyl salicylic acid decarboxylase-encoding gene patG from A. clavatus were co-expressed in the host A. nidulans. Multiple strategies, including promotor engineering, gene multiplication, and fed-batch fermentation, were applied to raise the production of m-cresol, which resulted in the titers of 1.29 g/L in shaking flasks and 2.03 g/L in fed-batch culture. The chassis cell A. nidulans A1145∆ST∆EM was proved to possess better tolerance to m-cresol than yeast, as it could grow in the liquid medium containing up to 2.5 g/L of m-cresol. These results showed that A. nidulans has great potential to be further engineered for industrial production of m-cresol.Key points• m-Cresol was de novo biosynthesized by a fungal chassis cell Aspergillus nidulans.• Promoter engineering and gene multiplication implemented the fine-tuned genes expression.• The titer of m-cresol reached 2.03 g/L via fed-batch culture.
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Liu Q, Zhong S, Wang X, Gao S, Yang X, Chen F, Molnár I. An Integrated Approach to Determine the Boundaries of the Azaphilone Pigment Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of Monascus ruber M7 Grown on Potato Dextrose Agar. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:680629. [PMID: 34220766 PMCID: PMC8241920 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.680629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monascus-type azaphilone pigments (MonAzPs) are produced in multi-thousand ton quantities each year and used as food colorants and nutraceuticals in East Asia. Several groups, including ours, described MonAzPs biosynthesis as a highly complex pathway with many branch points, affording more than 110 MonAzP congeners in a small group of fungi in the Eurotiales order. MonAzPs biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are also very complex and mosaic-like, with some genes involved in more than one pathway, while other genes playing no apparent role in MonAzPs production. Due to this complexity, MonAzPs BGCs have been delimited differently in various fungi. Since most of these predictions rely primarily on bioinformatic analyses, it is possible that genes immediately outside the currently predicted BGC borders are also involved, especially those whose function cannot be predicted from sequence similarities alone. Conversely, some peripheral genes presumed to be part of the BGC may in fact lay outside the boundaries. This study uses a combination of computational and transcriptional analyses to predict the extent of the MonAzPs BGC in Monascus ruber M7. Gene knockouts and analysis of MonAzPs production of the mutants are then used to validate the prediction, revealing that the BGC consists of 16 genes, extending from mrpigA to mrpigP. We further predict that two strains of Talaromyces marneffei, ATCC 18224 and PM1, encode an orthologous but non-syntenic MonAzPs BGC with 14 genes. This work highlights the need to use comprehensive, integrated approaches for the more precise determination of secondary metabolite BGC boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpei Liu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.,Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Siyu Zhong
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuaibiao Gao
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - István Molnár
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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42
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Hernandez A, Nguyen LT, Dhakal R, Murphy BT. The need to innovate sample collection and library generation in microbial drug discovery: a focus on academia. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:292-300. [PMID: 32706349 PMCID: PMC7855266 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00029a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The question of whether culturable microorganisms will continue to be a viable source of new drug leads is inherently married to the strategies used to collect samples from the environment, the methods used to cultivate microorganisms from these samples, and the processes used to create microbial libraries. An academic microbial natural products (NP) drug discovery program with the latest innovative chromatographic and spectroscopic technology, high-throughput capacity, and bioassays will remain at the mercy of the quality of its microorganism source library. This viewpoint will discuss limitations of sample collection and microbial strain library generation practices. Additionally, it will offer suggestions to innovate these areas, particularly through the targeted cultivation of several understudied bacterial phyla and the untargeted use of mass spectrometry and bioinformatics to generate diverse microbial libraries. Such innovations have potential to impact downstream therapeutic discovery, and make its front end more informed, efficient, and less reliant on serendipity. This viewpoint is not intended to be a comprehensive review of contributing literature and was written with a focus on bacteria. Strategies to discover NPs from microbial libraries, including a variety of genomics and "OSMAC" style approaches, are considered downstream of sample collection and library creation, and thus are out of the scope of this viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Hernandez
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Linh T Nguyen
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. and Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nghiado, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Radhika Dhakal
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Brian T Murphy
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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43
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Pessotti RDC, Hansen BL, Reaso JN, Ceja-Navarro JA, El-Hifnawi L, Brodie EL, Traxler MF. Multiple lineages of Streptomyces produce antimicrobials within passalid beetle galleries across eastern North America. eLife 2021; 10:65091. [PMID: 33942718 PMCID: PMC8096431 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Some insects form symbioses in which actinomycetes provide defense against pathogens by making antimicrobials. The range of chemical strategies employed across these associations, and how these strategies relate to insect lifestyle, remains underexplored. We assessed subsocial passalid beetles of the species Odontotaenius disjunctus, and their frass (fecal material), which is an important food resource within their galleries, as a model insect/actinomycete system. Through chemical and phylogenetic analyses, we found that O. disjunctus frass collected across eastern North America harbored multiple lineages of Streptomyces and diverse antimicrobials. Metabolites detected in frass displayed synergistic and antagonistic inhibition of a fungal entomopathogen, Metarhizium anisopliae, and multiple streptomycete isolates inhibited this pathogen when co-cultivated directly in frass. These findings support a model in which the lifestyle of O. disjunctus accommodates multiple Streptomyces lineages in their frass, resulting in a rich repertoire of antimicrobials that likely insulates their galleries against pathogenic invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cassia Pessotti
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Bridget L Hansen
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Jewel N Reaso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Javier A Ceja-Navarro
- Bioengineering and Biomedical Sciences Department, Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States,Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of SciencesBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Laila El-Hifnawi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Eoin L Brodie
- Ecology Department, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States,Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Matthew F Traxler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
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44
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Khan I, Xie WL, Yu YC, Sheng H, Xu Y, Wang JQ, Debnath SC, Xu JZ, Zheng DQ, Ding WJ, Wang PM. Heteroexpression of Aspergillus nidulans laeA in Marine-Derived Fungi Triggers Upregulation of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Genes. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120652. [PMID: 33352941 PMCID: PMC7766385 DOI: 10.3390/md18120652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are a prospective resource of bioactive compounds, but conventional methods of drug discovery are not effective enough to fully explore their metabolic potential. This study aimed to develop an easily attainable method to elicit the metabolic potential of fungi using Aspergillus nidulans laeA as a transcription regulation tool. In this study, functional analysis of Aspergillus nidulans laeA (AnLaeA) and Aspergillus sp. Z5 laeA (Az5LaeA) was done in the fungus Aspergillus sp. Z5. Heterologous AnLaeA-and native Az5LaeA-overexpression exhibited similar phenotypic effects and caused an increase in production of a bioactive compound diorcinol in Aspergillus sp. Z5, which proved the conserved function of this global regulator. In particular, heteroexpression of AnLaeA showed a significant impact on the expression of velvet complex genes, diorcinol synthesis-related genes, and different transcription factors (TFs). Moreover, heteroexpression of AnLaeA influenced the whole genome gene expression of Aspergillus sp. Z5 and triggered the upregulation of many genes. Overall, these findings suggest that heteroexpression of AnLaeA in fungi serves as a simple and easy method to explore their metabolic potential. In relation to this, AnLaeA was overexpressed in the fungus Penicillium sp. LC1-4, which resulted in increased production of quinolactacin A.
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45
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Genomics-directed activation of cryptic natural product pathways deciphers codes for biosynthesis and molecular function. J Nat Med 2020; 75:261-274. [PMID: 33274411 PMCID: PMC7902601 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-020-01466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural products, which can be isolated from living organisms worldwide, have played a pivotal role in drug discovery since ancient times. However, it has become more challenging to identify a structurally novel molecule with promising biological activity for pharmaceutical development, mainly due to the limited methodologies for their acquisition. In this review, we summarize our recent studies that activate the biosynthetic potential of filamentous fungi by genetic engineering to harness the metabolic flow for the efficient production of unprecedented natural products. The recent revolution in genome sequencing technology enables the accumulation of vast amounts of information on biosynthetic genes, the blueprint of the molecular construction. Utilizing the established heterologous expression system, activation of the pathway-specific transcription factor coupled with a knockout strategy, and manipulating the global regulatory gene, the biosynthetic genes were exploited to activate biosynthetic pathways and decipher the encoded enzyme functions. We show that this methodology was beneficial for acquiring fungal treasures for drug discovery. These studies also enabled the investigation of the molecular function of natural products in fungal development.
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46
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Schüller A, Wolansky L, Berger H, Studt L, Gacek-Matthews A, Sulyok M, Strauss J. A novel fungal gene regulation system based on inducible VPR-dCas9 and nucleosome map-guided sgRNA positioning. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9801-9822. [PMID: 33006690 PMCID: PMC7595996 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Programmable transcriptional regulation is a powerful tool to study gene functions. Current methods to selectively regulate target genes are mainly based on promoter exchange or on overexpressing transcriptional activators. To expand the discovery toolbox, we designed a dCas9-based RNA-guided synthetic transcription activation system for Aspergillus nidulans that uses enzymatically disabled "dead" Cas9 fused to three consecutive activation domains (VPR-dCas9). The dCas9-encoding gene is under the control of an estrogen-responsive promoter to allow induction timing and to avoid possible negative effects by strong constitutive expression of the highly active VPR domains. Especially in silent genomic regions, facultative heterochromatin and strictly positioned nucleosomes can constitute a relevant obstacle to the transcriptional machinery. To avoid this negative impact and to facilitate optimal positioning of RNA-guided VPR-dCas9 to targeted promoters, we have created a genome-wide nucleosome map from actively growing cells and stationary cultures to identify the cognate nucleosome-free regions (NFRs). Based on these maps, different single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) were designed and tested for their targeting and activation potential. Our results demonstrate that the system can be used to regulate several genes in parallel and, depending on the VPR-dCas9 positioning, expression can be pushed to very high levels. We have used the system to turn on individual genes within two different biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) which are silent under normal growth conditions. This method also opens opportunities to stepwise activate individual genes in a cluster to decipher the correlated biosynthetic pathway. Graphical abstract KEYPOINTS: • An inducible RNA-guided transcriptional regulator based on VPR-dCas9 was established in Aspergillus nidulans. • Genome-wide nucleosome positioning maps were created that facilitate sgRNA positioning. • The system was successfully applied to activate genes within two silent biosynthetic gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schüller
- Fungal Genetics Lab, Institute of Microbial Genetics, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, BOKU-Campus Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, A-3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Lisa Wolansky
- Institute Krems Bioanalytics , IMC FH Krems University of Applied Sciences , Krems, Austria
| | - Harald Berger
- Fungal Genetics Lab, Institute of Microbial Genetics, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, BOKU-Campus Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, A-3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Lena Studt
- Fungal Genetics Lab, Institute of Microbial Genetics, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, BOKU-Campus Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, A-3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Gacek-Matthews
- Fungal Genetics Lab, Institute of Microbial Genetics, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, BOKU-Campus Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, A-3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Institute of Microbiology, Functional Microbiology Division, University of Veterinary Sciences Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agrometabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, BOKU-Campus Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Joseph Strauss
- Fungal Genetics Lab, Institute of Microbial Genetics, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, BOKU-Campus Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, A-3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
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47
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Deng H, Liang W, Fan TP, Zheng X, Cai Y. Modular engineering of Shiraia bambusicola for hypocrellin production through an efficient CRISPR system. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:796-803. [PMID: 33010268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Shiraia bambusicola exhibits an excellent capability to produce high-value pharmacological drugs, such as hypocrellin. However, less effective molecular tools hamper the processes to discover or exploit these metabolites. To address this issue, the more effective CRISPR/Cas9 system was constructed by optimizing the sgRNA transcription elements and disrupting the endogenous non-homologous end-joining pathway. These tactics prompted the gene-targeting frequency of 100% and simultaneously multiplex genome editing in S. bambusicola. This optimal CRISPR system encouraged us to rewire the entire hypocrellin flux and improve the yield by orchestrating the substrate pool supply, the central hypocrellin pathway, and the antioxidant system. Thus, 8632 mg/L hypocrellin was obtained, resulting in a 12-fold increase than that of the wild-type strain. This engineered S. bambusicola can still endure oxidative stresses from higher target metabolites and sustain an excellent biological activity. This study provides a whole conception to establish the more efficient genome-editing system. Higher conserved transcription elements for sgRNA expressions inspire us to adopt this system for gene modifications of other filamentous fungi. The rational and global biosystems outline will offer guidance to modulate metabolite productivity in other filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiang Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Weiyue Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710069, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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48
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Zhang L, Fasoyin OE, Molnár I, Xu Y. Secondary metabolites from hypocrealean entomopathogenic fungi: novel bioactive compounds. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1181-1206. [PMID: 32211639 PMCID: PMC7529686 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2014 up to the third quarter of 2019 Entomopathogens constitute a unique, specialized trophic subgroup of fungi, most of whose members belong to the order Hypocreales (class Sordariomycetes, phylum Ascomycota). These Hypocrealean Entomopathogenic Fungi (HEF) produce a large variety of secondary metabolites (SMs) and their genomes rank highly for the number of predicted, unique SM biosynthetic gene clusters. SMs from HEF have diverse roles in insect pathogenicity as virulence factors by modulating various interactions between the producer fungus and its insect host. In addition, these SMs also defend the carcass of the prey against opportunistic microbial invaders, mediate intra- and interspecies communication, and mitigate abiotic and biotic stresses. Thus, these SMs contribute to the role of HEF as commercial biopesticides in the context of integrated pest management systems, and provide lead compounds for the development of chemical pesticides for crop protection. These bioactive SMs also underpin the widespread use of certain HEF as nutraceuticals and traditional remedies, and allowed the modern pharmaceutical industry to repurpose some of these molecules as life-saving human medications. Herein, we survey the structures and biological activities of SMs described from HEF, and summarize new information on the roles of these metabolites in fungal virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P.R. China.
| | - Opemipo Esther Fasoyin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P.R. China.
| | - István Molnár
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Rd., Tucson, AZ 85706, USA.
| | - Yuquan Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P.R. China.
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49
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Guo Z, Zou ZM. Discovery of New Secondary Metabolites by Epigenetic Regulation and NMR Comparison from the Plant Endophytic Fungus Monosporascus eutypoides. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184192. [PMID: 32932749 PMCID: PMC7570479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the histone acetyltransferase and the 1H NMR spectroscopic experiments of the endophytic fungus Monosporascus eutypoides resulted in the isolation of two new compounds, monosporasols A (1) and B (2), and two known compounds, pestaloficin C (3) and arthrinone (4). Their planar structures and absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic analysis including high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS), one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR, and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. Compounds 1–2 were screened in cytotoxic bioassays against HeLa, HCT-8, A549 and MCF-7 cells. Our work highlights the enormous potential of epigenetic manipulation along with the NMR comparison as an effective strategy for unlocking the chemical diversity encoded by fungal genomes.
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50
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Ananbeh H, Merlos Rodrigo MA, Jelinkova P, Strmiska V, Splichal Z, Jehmlich N, Michalkova H, Stojanović M, Voberkova S, Adam V, Moulick A. Soil protein as a potential antimicrobial agent against methicillin -resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109320. [PMID: 32540568 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the interest is increasing to find alternatives to replace the usage of antibiotics since their massive and improper usage enhance the antibiotic resistance in human pathogens. In this study, for the first time we showed that the soil proteins have very high antibacterial activity (98% of growth inhibition) against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), one of the most threatening human pathogens. We found that the protein extract (C3) from the forest with past intensive management showed higher antibacterial activity than that of unmanaged forest. The MIC and IC50 were found to be 30 and 15.0 μg protein g-1 dry soil respectively. C3 was found to kill the bacteria by cell wall disruption and genotoxicity which was confirmed by optical and fluorescent microscopy and comet assay. According to qPCR study, the mecA (the antibiotic resistant gene) expression in MRSA was found to be down-regulated after C3 treatment. In contrast, C3 showed no hemolytic toxicity on human red blood cells which was confirmed by hemolytic assay. According to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS), 144 proteins were identified in C3 among which the majority belonged to Gram negative bacteria (45.8%). Altogether, our results will help to develop novel, cost-effective, non-toxic and highly efficient antibacterial medicines from natural sources against antibiotic resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanadi Ananbeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miguel Angel Merlos Rodrigo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Jelinkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Food and Feed Safety, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Strmiska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Splichal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hana Michalkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marko Stojanović
- Global Change Research Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Bělidla 4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislava Voberkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Amitava Moulick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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