1
|
Li L, Zhang Q, Geng D, Meng H, Hu W. Atomic engineering of two-dimensional materials via liquid metals. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:7158-7201. [PMID: 38847021 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00295d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials, known for their distinctive electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties, have attracted considerable attention. The precise atomic-scale synthesis of 2D materials opens up new frontiers in nanotechnology, presenting novel opportunities for material design and property control but remains challenging due to the high expense of single-crystal solid metal catalysts. Liquid metals, with their fluidity, ductility, dynamic surface, and isotropy, have significantly enhanced the catalytic processes crucial for synthesizing 2D materials, including decomposition, diffusion, and nucleation, thus presenting an unprecedented precise control over material structures and properties. Besides, the emergence of liquid alloy makes the creation of diverse heterostructures possible, offering a new dimension for atomic engineering. Significant achievements have been made in this field encompassing defect-free preparation, large-area self-aligned array, phase engineering, heterostructures, etc. This review systematically summarizes these contributions from the aspects of fundamental synthesis methods, liquid catalyst selection, resulting 2D materials, and atomic engineering. Moreover, the review sheds light on the outlook and challenges in this evolving field, providing a valuable resource for deeply understanding this field. The emergence of liquid metals has undoubtedly revolutionized the traditional nanotechnology for preparing 2D materials on solid metal catalysts, offering flexible possibilities for the advancement of next-generation electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dechao Geng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hong Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen L, Wu AX, Tulu N, Wang J, Juanson A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Pettes MT, Campbell MA, Xu M, Gadre CA, Zhou Y, Chen H, Cao P, Jauregui LA, Wu R, Pan X, Sanchez-Yamagishi JD. Exceptional electronic transport and quantum oscillations in thin bismuth crystals grown inside van der Waals materials. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:741-746. [PMID: 38740956 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Confining materials to two-dimensional forms changes the behaviour of the electrons and enables the creation of new devices. However, most materials are challenging to produce as uniform, thin crystals. Here we present a synthesis approach where thin crystals are grown in a nanoscale mould defined by atomically flat van der Waals (vdW) materials. By heating and compressing bismuth in a vdW mould made of hexagonal boron nitride, we grow ultraflat bismuth crystals less than 10 nm thick. Due to quantum confinement, the bismuth bulk states are gapped, isolating intrinsic Rashba surface states for transport studies. The vdW-moulded bismuth shows exceptional electronic transport, enabling the observation of Shubnikov-de Haas quantum oscillations originating from the (111) surface state Landau levels. By measuring the gate-dependent magnetoresistance, we observe multi-carrier quantum oscillations and Landau level splitting, with features originating from both the top and bottom surfaces. Our vdW mould growth technique establishes a platform for electronic studies and control of bismuth's Rashba surface states and topological boundary modes1-3. Beyond bismuth, the vdW-moulding approach provides a low-cost way to synthesize ultrathin crystals and directly integrate them into a vdW heterostructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laisi Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amy X Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Naol Tulu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Adrian Juanson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Michael T Pettes
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Marshall A Campbell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Mingjie Xu
- Irvine Materials Research Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Chaitanya A Gadre
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yinong Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hangman Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Penghui Cao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Luis A Jauregui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ruqian Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Irvine Materials Research Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang X, Liu J, Deng Z. Bismuth-based liquid metals: advances, applications, and prospects. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1369-1394. [PMID: 38224183 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01722b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Bismuth-based liquid metals (LMs) are a large group of alloys with melting points slightly above room temperature. They are associated with fewer encapsulation constraints than room temperature LMs such as mercury, sodium-potassium alloys, and gallium-based alloys and are more likely to remain stable in the natural environment. In addition, their low melting point properties enable them to soften and melt via easy control. Bismuth-based alloys can also be modified with metal-based, carbon-based, and ceramic-based micro/nano particles as well as polymeric materials to create a series of novel composites owing to their outstanding functions. Based on these considerations, this review provides a comprehensive overview of bismuth-based LMs. The categories of bismuth and bismuth-based LMs are first briefly introduced to better systematize the physical and chemical properties of bismuth-based LMs. Based on these properties, bismuth-based LMs have been prepared using various methods, and this review briefly categorizes these preparation methods based on their finished forms (lumps, powders, and films). In addition, this review details the research progress of bismuth-based LMs in the fields of printed electronics, 3D printing, thermal management, biomedicine, chemical engineering, and deformable robotics. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of bismuth-based LMs in the development process are discussed and visualized from different perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongshan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feng X, Cheng R, Yin L, Wen Y, Jiang J, He J. Two-Dimensional Oxide Crystals for Device Applications: Challenges and Opportunities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304708. [PMID: 37452605 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) oxide crystals have garnered considerable attention because of their remarkable physical properties and potential for versatile applications. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the design, preparation, and application of ultrathin 2D oxides, providing many opportunities for new-generation advanced technologies. This review focuses on the controllable preparation of 2D oxide crystals and their applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Based on their bonding nature, the various types of 2D oxide crystals are first summarized, including both layered and nonlayered crystals, as well as their current top-down and bottom-up synthetic approaches. Subsequently, in terms of the unique physical and electrical properties of 2D oxides, recent advances in device applications are emphasized, including photodetectors, field-effect transistors, dielectric layers, magnetic and ferroelectric devices, memories, and gas sensors. Finally, conclusions and future prospects of 2D oxide crystals are presented. It is hoped that this review will provide comprehensive and insightful guidance for the development of 2D oxide crystals and their device applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ruiqing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang D, Ye J, Bai Y, Yang F, Zhang J, Rao W, Liu J. Liquid Metal Combinatorics toward Materials Discovery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303533. [PMID: 37417920 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metals and their derivatives provide several opportunities for fundamental and practical exploration worldwide. However, the increasing number of studies and shortage of desirable materials to fulfill different needs also pose serious challenges. Herein, to address this issue, a generalized theoretical frame that is termed as "Liquid Metal Combinatorics" (LMC) is systematically presented, and summarizes promising candidate technical routes toward new generation material discovery. The major categories of LMC are defined, and eight representative methods for manufacturing advanced materials are outlined. It is illustrated that abundant targeted materials can be efficiently designed and fabricated via LMC through deep physical combinations, chemical reactions, or both among the main bodies of liquid metals, surface chemicals, precipitated ions, and other materials. This represents a large class of powerful, reliable, and modular methods for innovating general materials. The achieved combinatorial materials not only maintained the typical characteristics of liquid metals but also displayed distinct tenability. Furthermore, the fabrication strategies, wide extensibility, and pivotal applications of LMC are classified. Finally, by interpreting the developmental trends in the area, a perspective on the LMC is provided, which warrants its promising future for society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jiao Ye
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunlong Bai
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Rao
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou K, Shang G, Hsu HH, Han ST, Roy VAL, Zhou Y. Emerging 2D Metal Oxides: From Synthesis to Device Integration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207774. [PMID: 36333890 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
2D metal oxides have aroused increasing attention in the field of electronics and optoelectronics due to their intriguing physical properties. In this review, an overview of recent advances on synthesis of 2D metal oxides and their electronic applications is presented. First, the tunable physical properties of 2D metal oxides that relate to the structure (various oxidation-state forms, polymorphism, etc.), crystallinity and defects (anisotropy, point defects, and grain boundary), and thickness (quantum confinement effect, interfacial effect, etc.) are discussed. Then, advanced synthesis methods for 2D metal oxides besides mechanical exfoliation are introduced and classified into solution process, vapor-phase deposition, and native oxidation on a metal source. Later, the various roles of 2D metal oxides in widespread applications, i.e., transistors, inverters, photodetectors, piezotronics, memristors, and potential applications (solar cell, spintronics, and superconducting devices) are discussed. Finally, an outlook of existing challenges and future opportunities in 2D metal oxides is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Gang Shang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Hsiao-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ting Han
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Vellaisamy A L Roy
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ye Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hei J, Li X, Wu S, Lin P, Shi Z, Tian Y, Li X, Zeng L, Yu X, Wu D. Wafer-Scale Patterning Synthesis of Two-Dimensional WSe 2 Layers by Direct Selenization for Highly Sensitive van der Waals Heterojunction Broadband Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12052-12060. [PMID: 36848604 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit promising potential in fabricating highly sensitive photodetectors due to their unique electrical and optoelectrical characteristics. However, micron-sized 2D materials produced by conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and mechanical exfoliation methods fail to satisfy the demands for applications in integrated optoelectronics and systems given their poor controllability and repeatability. Here, we propose a simple selenization approach to grow wafer-scale (2 in.) 2D p-WSe2 layers with high uniformity and customized patterns. Furthermore, a self-driven broadband photodetector with a p-WSe2/n-Si van der Waals heterojunction has been in situ fabricated with a satisfactory responsivity of 689.8 mA/W and a large specific detectivity of 1.59 × 1013 Jones covering from ultraviolet to short-wave infrared. In addition, a remarkable nanosecond response speed has been recorded under 0.5% duty cycle of the input light. The proposed selenization approach on the growth of 2D WSe2 layers demonstrates an effective route to fabricate highly sensitive broadband photodetectors used for integrated optoelectronic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Hei
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, and Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, and Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Shuoen Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Pei Lin
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, and Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, and Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yongtao Tian
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, and Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, and Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Longhui Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Xuechao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, and Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The past one and a half decades have witnessed the tremendous progress of two-dimensional (2D) crystals, including graphene, transition-metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, hexagonal boron nitride, etc., in a variety of fields. The key to their success is their unique structural, electrical, mechanical and optical properties. Herein, this paper gives a comprehensive summary on the recent advances in 2D materials for optoelectronic approaches with the emphasis on the morphology and structure, optical properties, synthesis methods, as well as detailed optoelectronic applications. Additionally, the challenges and perspectives in the current development of 2D materials are also summarized and indicated. Therefore, this review can provide a reference for further explorations and innovations of 2D material-based optoelectronics devices.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang M, Ye Z, Iqbal MA, Liang H, Zeng YJ. Progress on two-dimensional binary oxide materials. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9576-9608. [PMID: 35766429 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01076c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional van der Waals (2D vdW) materials have attracted much attention because of their unique electronic and optical properties. Since the successful isolation of graphene in 2004, many interesting 2D materials have emerged, including elemental olefins (silicene, germanene, etc.), transition metal chalcogenides, transition metal carbides (nitrides), hexagonal boron, etc. On the other hand, 2D binary oxide materials are an important group in the 2D family owing to their high structural diversity, low cost, high stability, and strong adjustability. This review systematically summarizes the research progress on 2D binary oxide materials. We discuss their composition and structure in terms of vdW and non-vdW categories in detail, followed by a discussion of their synthesis methods. In particular, we focus on strategies to tailor the properties of 2D oxides and their emerging applications in different fields. Finally, the challenges and future developments of 2D binary oxides are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhixiang Ye
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huawei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yu-Jia Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu X, Liu K, Cai Y, Zang SQ, Zhai T. 2D Oxides for Electronics and Optoelectronics. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozong Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Kailang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Cai
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau Taipa 999078 Macau P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hot-Pressed Two-Dimensional Amorphous Metals and Their Electronic Properties. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
As an emerging research field, two-dimensional (2D) metals have been the subject of increasing research efforts in recent years due to their potential applications. However, unlike typical 2D layered materials, such as graphene, which can be exfoliated from their bulk parent compounds, it is hardly possible to produce 2D metals through exfoliation techniques due to the absence of Van der Waals gaps. Indeed, the lack of effective material preparation methods severely limits the development of this research field. Here, we report a PDMS-assisted hot-pressing method in glovebox to obtain ultraflat nanometer-thick 2D metals/metal oxide amorphous films of various low-melting-point metals and alloys, e.g., gallium (Ga), indium (In), tin (Sn), and Ga0.87Ag0.13 alloy. The valence states extracted from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that the ratios of oxidation to metal in our 2D films vary among metals. The temperature-dependent electronic measurements show that the transport behavior of 2D metal/metal oxide films conform with the 2D Mott’s variable range hopping (VRH) model. Our experiments provide a feasible and effective approach to obtain various 2D metals.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang W, Xin K, Yang J, Xu Q, Shan C, Wei Z. 2D Ultrawide Bandgap Semiconductors: Odyssey and Challenges. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101348. [PMID: 35277948 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2D ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors have aroused increasing interest in the field of high-power transparent electronic devices, deep-ultraviolet photodetectors, flexible electronic skins, and energy-efficient displays, owing to their intriguing physical properties. Compared with dominant narrow bandgap semiconductor material families, 2D UWBG semiconductors are less investigated but stand out because of their propensity for high optical transparency, tunable electrical conductivity, high mobility, and ultrahigh gate dielectrics. At the current stage of research, the most intensively investigated 2D UWBG semiconductors are metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, metal halides, and metal nitrides. This paper provides an up-to-date review of recent research progress on new 2D UWBG semiconductor materials and novel physical properties. The widespread applications, i.e., transistors, photodetector, touch screen, and inverter are summarized, which employ 2D UWBG semiconductors as either a passive or active layer. Finally, the existing challenges and opportunities of the enticing class of 2D UWBG semiconductors are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kaiyao Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Juehan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qun Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chongxin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhongming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aukarasereenont P, Goff A, Nguyen CK, McConville CF, Elbourne A, Zavabeti A, Daeneke T. Liquid metals: an ideal platform for the synthesis of two-dimensional materials. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1253-1276. [PMID: 35107468 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The surfaces of liquid metals can serve as a platform to synthesise two-dimensional materials. By exploiting the self-limiting Cabrera-Mott oxidation reaction that takes place at the surface of liquid metals exposed to ambient air, an ultrathin oxide layer can be synthesised and isolated. Several synthesis approaches based on this phenomenon have been developed in recent years, resulting in a diverse family of functional 2D materials that covers a significant fraction of the periodic table. These straightforward and inherently scalable techniques may enable the fabrication of novel devices and thus harbour significant application potential. This review provides a brief introduction to liquid metals and their alloys, followed by detailed guidance on each developed synthesis technique, post-growth processing methods, integration processes, as well as potential applications of the developed materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abigail Goff
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
| | - Chung Kim Nguyen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
| | - Chris F McConville
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Aaron Elbourne
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Allioux FM, Ghasemian MB, Xie W, O'Mullane AP, Daeneke T, Dickey MD, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Applications of liquid metals in nanotechnology. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:141-167. [PMID: 34982812 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00594d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Post-transition liquid metals (LMs) offer new opportunities for accessing exciting dynamics for nanomaterials. As entities with free electrons and ions as well as fluidity, LM-based nanomaterials are fundamentally different from their solid counterparts. The low melting points of most post-transition metals (less than 330 °C) allow for the formation of nanodroplets from bulk metal melts under mild mechanical and chemical conditions. At the nanoscale, these liquid state nanodroplets simultaneously offer high electrical and thermal conductivities, tunable reactivities and useful physicochemical properties. They also offer specific alloying and dealloying conditions for the formation of multi-elemental liquid based nanoalloys or the synthesis of engineered solid nanomaterials. To date, while only a few nanosized LM materials have been investigated, extraordinary properties have been observed for such systems. Multi-elemental nanoalloys have shown controllable homogeneous or heterogeneous core and surface compositions with interfacial ordering at the nanoscale. The interactions and synergies of nanosized LMs with polymeric, inorganic and bio-materials have also resulted in new compounds. This review highlights recent progress and future directions for the synthesis and applications of post-transition LMs and their alloys. The review presents the unique properties of these LM nanodroplets for developing functional materials for electronics, sensors, catalysts, energy systems, and nanomedicine and biomedical applications, as well as other functional systems engineered at the nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Marie Allioux
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Mohammad B Ghasemian
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Wanjie Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xie H, Li Z, Cheng L, Haidry AA, Tao J, Xu Y, Xu K, Ou JZ. Recent advances in the fabrication of 2D metal oxides. iScience 2022; 25:103598. [PMID: 35005545 PMCID: PMC8717458 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) metal oxides exhibit unique optical, electrical, magnetic, and chemical properties, rendering them a bright application prospect in high-performance smart devices. Given the large variety of both layered and non-layered 2D metal oxides, the controllable synthesis is the critical prerequisite for enabling the exploration of their great potentials. In this review, recent progress in the synthesis of 2D metal oxides is summarized and categorized. Particularly, a brief overview of categories and crystal structures of 2D metal oxides is firstly introduced, followed by a critical discussion of various synthesis methods regarding the growth mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. Finally, the existing challenges are presented to provide possible future research directions regarding the synthesis of 2D metal oxides. This work can provide useful guidance on developing innovative approaches for producing both 2D layered and non-layered nanostructures and assist with the acceleration of the research of 2D metal oxides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaguang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Azhar Ali Haidry
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Jiaqi Tao
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Kai Xu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Jian Zhen Ou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Leng D, Wang T, Li Y, Huang Z, Wang H, Wan Y, Pei X, Wang J. Plasmonic Bismuth Nanoparticles: Thiolate Pyrolysis Synthesis, Size-Dependent LSPR Property, and Their Oxidation Behavior. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17258-17267. [PMID: 34708656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonics, especially the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in non-noble metal bismuth nanoparticles (Bi NPs), and its spectral features and applications have stimulated increasing research interest in recent years. However, the lack of mature methods to prepare Bi NPs with a well-controlled size and/or shape significantly limits the experimental investigations concerning the LSPR optical properties. Herein, we realize the size-tunable synthesis of nearly monodisperse spherical Bi NPs through a thiolate pyrolysis reaction in solution. The instantaneous thermolysis of a layered molecular intermediate, bismuth dodecanethiolate [Bi(SC12H25)3], results in a classical LaMer mechanism for the nucleation and growth of Bi NPs, allowing for a precise size control from 65 to 205 nm in the average diameter. The diameter tunability enables a systematic study on the size dependence of LSPR optical properties of Bi NPs, and we observe rich ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectral responses arising from the LSPR absorption and scattering of Bi NPs as their size varies, which will greatly benefit the light harvesting and manipulation in the solar spectrum. Furthermore, we find that a complete oxidation occurs to Bi NPs under air flow at the temperature when they melt and accordingly generate metastable tetragonal-phase β-Bi2O3 NPs that show an optical band gap of 2.15 eV and interesting temperature-dependent β → α → δ → (γ + β) polymorphic transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Leng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - YingFen Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Zibin Huang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Huimin Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yixin Wan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pei
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Junli Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Messalea KA, Syed N, Zavabeti A, Mohiuddin M, Jannat A, Aukarasereenont P, Nguyen CK, Low MX, Walia S, Haas B, Koch CT, Mahmood N, Khoshmanesh K, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Daeneke T. High- k 2D Sb 2O 3 Made Using a Substrate-Independent and Low-Temperature Liquid-Metal-Based Process. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16067-16075. [PMID: 34623147 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High dielectric constant (high-k) ultrathin films are required as insulating gate materials. The well-known high-k dielectrics, including HfO2, ZrO2, and SrTiO3, feature three-dimensional lattice structures and are thus not easily obtained in the form of distinct ultrathin sheets. Therefore, their deposition as ultrathin layers still imposes challenges for electronic industries. Consequently, new high-k nanomaterials with k in the range of 40 to 100 and a band gap exceeding 4 eV are highly sought after. Antimony oxide nanosheets appear as a potential candidate that could fulfill these characteristics. Here, we report on the stoichiometric cubic polymorph of 2D antimony oxide (Sb2O3) as an ideal high-k dielectric sheet that can be synthesized via a low-temperature, substrate-independent, and silicon-industry-compatible liquid metal synthesis technique. A bismuth-antimony alloy was produced during the growth process. Preferential oxidation caused the surface of the melt to be dominated by α-Sb2O3. This ultrathin α-Sb2O3 was then deposited onto desired surfaces via a liquid metal print transfer. A tunable sheet thickness between ∼1.5 and ∼3 nm was achieved, while the lateral dimensions were within the millimeter range. The obtained α-Sb2O3 exhibited high crystallinity and a wide band gap of ∼4.4 eV. The relative permittivity assessment revealed a maximum k of 84, while a breakdown electric field of ∼10 MV/cm was observed. The isolated 2D α-Sb2O3 nanosheets were utilized in top-gated field-effect transistors that featured low leakage currents, highlighting that the obtained material is a promising gate oxide for conventional and van der Waals heterostructure-based electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kibret A Messalea
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Nitu Syed
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Md Mohiuddin
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Azmira Jannat
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | | | - Chung K Nguyen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Mei Xian Low
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sumeet Walia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Benedikt Haas
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph T Koch
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nasir Mahmood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | | | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vimalanathan K, Palmer T, Gardner Z, Ling I, Rahpeima S, Elmas S, Gascooke JR, Gibson CT, Sun Q, Zou J, Andersson MR, Darwish N, Raston CL. High shear in situ exfoliation of 2D gallium oxide sheets from centrifugally derived thin films of liquid gallium. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5785-5792. [PMID: 36132680 PMCID: PMC9419649 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00598g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A diversity of two-dimensional nanomaterials has recently emerged with recent attention turning to the post-transition metal elements, in particular material derived from liquid metals and eutectic melts below 330 °C where processing is more flexible and in the temperature regime suitable for industry. This has been explored for liquid gallium using an angled vortex fluidic device (VFD) to fabricate ultrathin gallium oxide (Ga2O3) sheets under continuous flow conditions. We have established the nanosheets to form highly insulating material and have electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution, with a Tafel slope of 39 mV dec-1 revealing promoting effects of the surface oxidation (passivation layer).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Vimalanathan
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
| | - Timotheos Palmer
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
| | - Zoe Gardner
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
| | - Irene Ling
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Soraya Rahpeima
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute for Functional Molecule and Interfaces, Curtin University Bentley Western Australia 6102 Australia
| | - Sait Elmas
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
| | - Jason R Gascooke
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
- Flinders Microscopy and Microanalysis, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Christopher T Gibson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
- Flinders Microscopy and Microanalysis, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Qiang Sun
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Jin Zou
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Mats R Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute for Functional Molecule and Interfaces, Curtin University Bentley Western Australia 6102 Australia
| | - Colin L Raston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ghasemian MB, Zavabeti A, Mousavi M, Murdoch BJ, Christofferson AJ, Meftahi N, Tang J, Han J, Jalili R, Allioux FM, Mayyas M, Chen Z, Elbourne A, McConville CF, Russo SP, Ringer S, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Doping Process of 2D Materials Based on the Selective Migration of Dopants to the Interface of Liquid Metals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104793. [PMID: 34510605 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of trace impurities within the doping processes of semiconductors is still a technological challenge for the electronics industries. By taking advantage of the selective enrichment of liquid metal interfaces, and harvesting the doped metal oxide semiconductor layers, the complexity of the process can be mitigated and a high degree of control over the outcomes can be achieved. Here, a mechanism of natural filtering for the preparation of doped 2D semiconducting sheets based on the different migration tendencies of metallic elements in the bulk competing for enriching the interfaces is proposed. As a model, liquid metal alloys with different weight ratios of Sn and Bi in the bulk are employed for harvesting Bi2 O3 -doped SnO nanosheets. In this model, Sn shows a much stronger tendency than Bi to occupy surface sites of the Bi-Sn alloys, even at the very high concentrations of Bi in the bulk. This provides the opportunity for creating SnO 2D sheets with tightly controlled Bi2 O3 dopants. By way of example, it is demonstrated how such nanosheets could be made selective to both reducing and oxidizing environmental gases. The process demonstrated here offers significant opportunities for future synthesis and fabrication processes in the electronics industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad B Ghasemian
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Maedehsadat Mousavi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Billy J Murdoch
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Nastaran Meftahi
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Jialuo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Rouhollah Jalili
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Francois-Marie Allioux
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohannad Mayyas
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Zibin Chen
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Aaron Elbourne
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Chris F McConville
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Salvy P Russo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Simon Ringer
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu L, Zhang X, Wang Z, Haidry AA, Yao Z, Haque E, Wang Y, Li G, Daeneke T, McConville CF, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Zavabeti A. Low dimensional materials for glucose sensing. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:11017-11040. [PMID: 34152349 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02529e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are essential components for effective healthcare management. Since biological processes occur on molecular scales, nanomaterials and nanosensors intrinsically provide the most appropriate landscapes for developing biosensors. Low-dimensional materials have the advantage of offering high surface areas, increased reactivity and unique physicochemical properties for efficient and selective biosensing. So far, nanomaterials and nanodevices have offered significant prospects for glucose sensing. Targeted glucose biosensing using such low-dimensional materials enables much more effective monitoring of blood glucose levels, thus providing significantly better predictive diabetes diagnostics and management. In this review, recent advances in using low dimensional materials for sensing glucose are summarized. Sensing fundamentals are discussed, as well as invasive, minimally-invasive and non-invasive sensing methods. The effects of morphological characteristics and size-dependent properties of low dimensional materials are explored for glucose sensing, and the key performance parameters such as selectivity, stability and sensitivity are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities that low dimensional materials can offer for glucose sensing are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linling Xu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Xianfei Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Azhar Ali Haidry
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Zhengjun Yao
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Enamul Haque
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Yichao Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010 Australia.
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Chris F McConville
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010 Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Goff A, Aukarasereenont P, Nguyen CK, Grant R, Syed N, Zavabeti A, Elbourne A, Daeneke T. An exploration into two-dimensional metal oxides, and other 2D materials, synthesised via liquid metal printing and transfer techniques. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7513-7526. [PMID: 33977926 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04364h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) metal oxides can be difficult to synthesise, and scaling up production using traditional methods is challenging. However, a new liquid metal-based technique, that utilises both "top-down" and "bottom-up" processes, has recently been introduced. These liquids oxidise to form an oxide surface "skin" which may be exfoliated as a 2D flake and subsequently used in various electronic devices and chemical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Goff
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001 Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tang J, Lambie S, Meftahi N, Christofferson AJ, Yang J, Ghasemian MB, Han J, Allioux FM, Rahim MA, Mayyas M, Daeneke T, McConville CF, Steenbergen KG, Kaner RB, Russo SP, Gaston N, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Unique surface patterns emerging during solidification of liquid metal alloys. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:431-439. [PMID: 33462429 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-00835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is well-understood that during the liquid-to-solid phase transition of alloys, elements segregate in the bulk phase with the formation of microstructures. In contrast, we show here that in a Bi-Ga alloy system, highly ordered nanopatterns emerge preferentially at the alloy surfaces during solidification. We observed a variety of transition, hybrid and crystal-defect-like patterns, in addition to lamellar and rod-like structures. Combining experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated the influence of the superficial Bi and Ga2O3 layers during surface solidification and elucidated the pattern-formation mechanisms, which involve surface-catalysed heterogeneous nucleation. We further demonstrated the dynamic nature and robustness of the phenomenon under different solidification conditions and for various alloy systems. The surface patterns we observed enable high-spatial-resolution nanoscale-infrared and surface-enhanced Raman mapping, which reveal promising potential for surface- and nanoscale-based applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Stephanie Lambie
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nastaran Meftahi
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Christofferson
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jiong Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohammad B Ghasemian
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jialuo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francois-Marie Allioux
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Md Arifur Rahim
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohannad Mayyas
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris F McConville
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University (Warren Ponds Campus), Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Krista G Steenbergen
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Richard B Kaner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Salvy P Russo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola Gaston
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jannat A, Syed N, Xu K, Rahman MA, Talukder MMM, Messalea KA, Mohiuddin M, Datta RS, Khan MW, Alkathiri T, Murdoch BJ, Reza SZ, Li J, Daeneke T, Zavabeti A, Ou JZ. Printable Single-Unit-Cell-Thick Transparent Zinc-Doped Indium Oxides with Efficient Electron Transport Properties. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4045-4053. [PMID: 33496575 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are emerging candidates for next-generation transparent electronics. Indium oxide (In2O3) incorporated with post-transition-metal ions (e.g., Sn) has been widely studied due to their excellent optical transparency and electrical conductivity. However, their electron transport properties are deteriorated at the ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) morphology compared to that of intrinsic In2O3. Here, we explore the domain of transition-metal dopants in ultrathin In2O3 with the thicknesses down to the single-unit-cell limit, which is realized in a large area using a low-temperature liquid metal printing technique. Zn dopant is selected as a representative to incorporate into the In2O3 rhombohedral crystal framework, which results in the gradual transition of the host to quasimetallic. While the optical transmittance is maintained above 98%, an electron field-effect mobility of up to 87 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a considerable sub-kΩ-1 cm-1 ranged electrical conductivity are achieved when the Zn doping level is optimized, which are in a combination significantly improved compared to those of reported ultrathin TCOs. This work presents various opportunities for developing high-performance flexible transparent electronics based on emerging ultrathin TCO candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azmira Jannat
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Nitu Syed
- College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kai Xu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Md Mehdi Masud Talukder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chittagong 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Kibret A Messalea
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Md Mohiuddin
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Robi S Datta
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Muhammad Waqas Khan
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Applied Porous Materials Unit, CSIRO, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Turki Alkathiri
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Billy J Murdoch
- RMIT Microscopy & Microanalysis Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Syed Zahin Reza
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 6110031, China
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jian Zhen Ou
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 6110031, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao S, Zhang J, Fu L. Liquid Metals: A Novel Possibility of Fabricating 2D Metal Oxides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005544. [PMID: 33448060 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
2D metal oxides (2DMOs) have been widely applied in the fields of electronic, magnetic, optical, and catalytic materials, owing to their rich surface chemistry and unique electronic structures. However, their further development faces challenges such as the difficulty in fabricating 2DMOs with unstable surface induced by strong surface polarizability, or the high cost and limited yield of the fabrication process. Recently, liquid metals have shown great potential in the fabrication of 2DMOs. The native oxide skin formed on the surface of liquid metals can be considered as a perfect 2D planar material. Due to the solubility, fluidity, and reactivity of liquid metals, they can act as the solvent, reactant, and interface in the fabrication of 2DMOs. Moreover, liquid metals undergo a liquid-solid phase transition, enabling them to be a symmetric matched substrate for growing high-quality 2DMOs. An insightful survey of the recent progress in this research direction is presented. The features of liquid metals including good solubility, chemical reactivity, weak interface force, and liquid-solid phase transitions are introduced in detail. Furthermore, strategies for the fabrication of 2DMOs by virtue of these features are summarized comprehensively. Finally, current challenges and prospects regarding the future development in the fabrication of 2DMOs via liquid metals are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jiaqian Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gandhi AC, Lai CY, Wu KT, Ramacharyulu PVRK, Koli VB, Cheng CL, Ke SC, Wu SY. Phase transformation and room temperature stabilization of various Bi 2O 3 nano-polymorphs: effect of oxygen-vacancy defects and reduced surface energy due to adsorbed carbon species. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:24119-24137. [PMID: 33242052 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06552h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the grain growth from the nanoscale to microscale and a transformation sequence from Bi →β-Bi2O3→γ-Bi2O3→α-Bi2O3 with the increase of annealing temperature. The room temperature (RT) stabilization of β-Bi2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) was attributed to the effect of reduced surface energy due to adsorbed carbon species, and oxygen vacancy defects may have played a significant role in the RT stabilization of γ-Bi2O3 NPs. An enhanced red emission band was evident from all the samples attributed to oxygen-vacancy defects formed during the growth process in contrast with the observed white emission band from the air annealed Bi ingots. Based on our experimental findings, the air annealing induced oxidation of Bi NPs and transformation mechanism within various Bi2O3 nano-polymorphs are presented. The outcome of this study suggests that oxygen vacancy defects at the nanoscale play a significant role in both structural stabilization and phase transformation within various Bi2O3 nano-polymorphs, which is significant from theoretical consideration.
Collapse
|
26
|
Yuan T, Hu Z, Zhao Y, Fang J, Lv J, Zhang Q, Zhuang Z, Gu L, Hu S. Two-Dimensional Amorphous SnO x from Liquid Metal: Mass Production, Phase Transfer, and Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction toward Formic Acid. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:2916-2922. [PMID: 32155077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metal forms a thin layer of oxide skin via exposure to oxygen and this layer could be exfoliated by mechanical delamination or gas-injection/solvent-dispersion. Although the room-temperature fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) oxide through gas-injection and water-dispersion has been successfully demonstrated, a synthetic protocol in nonaqueous solvent at elevated temperature still remains as a challenge. Herein we report the mass-production of amorphous 2D SnOx nanoflakes with Bi decoration from liquid Sn-Bi alloy and selected nonaqueous solvents. The functional groups of the solvents play a key role in determining the final morphology of the product and the hydroxyl-rich solvents exhibit the best control toward 2D SnOx. The different solvent-oxide interaction that facilitates this phase-transfer process is further discussed on the basis of DFT calculation. Finally, the as-obtained 2D SnOx is evaluated in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with high faradaic efficiency (>90%) of formic acid and stable performance over 10 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingbiao Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong Univeristy, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jinjie Fang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhongbin Zhuang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zavabeti A, Jannat A, Zhong L, Haidry AA, Yao Z, Ou JZ. Two-Dimensional Materials in Large-Areas: Synthesis, Properties and Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:66. [PMID: 34138280 PMCID: PMC7770797 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-0402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Large-area and high-quality two-dimensional crystals are the basis for the development of the next-generation electronic and optical devices. The synthesis of two-dimensional materials in wafer scales is the first critical step for future technology uptake by the industries; however, currently presented as a significant challenge. Substantial efforts have been devoted to producing atomically thin two-dimensional materials with large lateral dimensions, controllable and uniform thicknesses, large crystal domains and minimum defects. In this review, recent advances in synthetic routes to obtain high-quality two-dimensional crystals with lateral sizes exceeding a hundred micrometres are outlined. Applications of the achieved large-area two-dimensional crystals in electronics and optoelectronics are summarised, and advantages and disadvantages of each approach considering ease of the synthesis, defects, grain sizes and uniformity are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zavabeti
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Azmira Jannat
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Li Zhong
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, People's Republic of China
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Azhar Ali Haidry
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjun Yao
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhen Ou
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Our review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest evolution of broadband photodetectors (BBPDs) based on 2D materials (2DMs). We begin with BBPDs built on various 2DM channels, including narrow-bandgap 2DMs, 2D topological semimetals, 2D charge density wave compounds, and 2D heterojunctions. Then, we introduce defect-engineered 2DM BBPDs, including vacancy engineering, heteroatom incorporation, and interfacial engineering. Subsequently, we summarize 2DM based mixed-dimensional (0D-2D, 1D-2D, 2D-3D, and 0D-2D-3D) BBPDs. Finally, we provide several viewpoints for the future development of this burgeoning field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | | |
Collapse
|