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Peštálová A, Gajdziok J. Modern trends in the formulation of microparticles for lung delivery using porogens: methods, principles and examples. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:504-516. [PMID: 38712608 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2350530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Inhalation drug administration is increasingly used for local pharmacotherapy of lung disorders and as an alternative route for systemic drug delivery. Modern inhalation powder systems aim to target drug deposition in the required site of action. Large porous particles (LPP), characterized by an aerodynamic diameter over 5 μm, density below 0.4 g/cm3, and the ability to avoid protective lung mechanisms, come to the forefront of the research. They are mostly prepared by spray techniques such as spray drying or lyophilization using pore-forming substances (porogens). These substances could be gaseous, solid, or liquid, and their selection depends on their polarity, solubility, and mutual compatibility with the carrier material and the drug. According to the pores-forming mechanism, porogens can be divided into groups, such as osmogens, extractable porogens, and porogens developing gases during decomposition. This review characterizes modern trends in the formulation of solid microparticles for lung delivery; describes the mechanisms of action of the most often used porogens, discusses their applicability in various formulation methods, emphasizes spray techniques; and documents discussed topics by examples from experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Peštálová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Gajdziok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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2
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Nam EJ, Cho I, Park H, Paik SR. Multifactorial drug carrier system bringing both chemical and physical therapeutics to the treatment of tumor heterogeneity. J Control Release 2024; 369:101-113. [PMID: 38508524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance have been invincible features of cancer for its complete cure. Despite the advent of immunotherapy, the expansion and diversification of cancer cells evolved even in the absence or presence of drug treatment discourage additional therapeutic interventions. For the eradication of cancer cells, therefore, an 'all-at-once' strategy is required, which exploits both target-selective chemotherapy and non-selective physicotherapy. Multifactorial microcapsules comprising gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a self-assembly protein of α-synuclein (αS) were fabricated, in which hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs could be separately encapsulated by employing lipid-based inverted micelles (IMs). Their combined physico-chemical therapeutic effects were examined since they also contained both membrane-disrupting IMs and heat-generating AuNPs upon irradiation as physicotherapeutic agents. For the optimal enclosure of IMs containing hydrophilic drugs, a porous inner skeleton made of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) was introduced, which would play the roles of not only compartmentalizing the internal space but also enhancing proteolytic disintegration of the microcapsules to discharge and stabilize IMs to the outside. In fact, hydrophobic paclitaxel and hydrophilic doxorubicin showed markedly enhanced drug efficacy when delivered in the IM-containing microcapsules exhibiting the 'quantal' release of both drugs into the cells whose integrity could be also affected by the IMs. In addition, the remnants of αS-AuNP microcapsules produced via proteolysis also caused cell death through photothermal effect. The multifactorial microcapsules are therefore considered as a promising anti-cancer drug carrier capable of performing combinatorial selective and non-selective chemical and physical therapies to overcome tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Nam
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyoung Cho
- Interdisciplinary program of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeji Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung R Paik
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary program of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Nyandoro VO, Omolo CA, Ismail EA, Yong L, Govender T. Inflammation-responsive drug delivery nanosystems for treatment of bacterial-induced sepsis. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123346. [PMID: 37633537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis, a complication of dysregulated host immune systemic response to an infection, is life threatening and causes multiple organ injuries. Sepsis is recognized by WHO as a big contributor to global morbidity and mortality. The heterogeneity in sepsis pathophysiology, antimicrobial resistance threat, the slowdown in the development of antimicrobials, and limitations of conventional dosage forms jeopardize the treatment of sepsis. Drug delivery nanosystems are promising tools to overcome some of these challenges. Among the drug delivery nanosystems, inflammation-responsive nanosystems have attracted considerable interest in sepsis treatment due to their ability to respond to specific stimuli in the sepsis microenvironment to release their payload in a precise, targeted, controlled, and rapid manner compared to non-responsive nanosystems. These nanosystems posit superior therapeutic potential to enhance sepsis treatment. This review critically evaluates the recent advances in the design of drug delivery nanosystems that are inflammation responsive and their potential in enhancing sepsis treatment. The sepsis microenvironment's unique features, such as acidic pH, upregulated receptors, overexpressed enzymes, and enhanced oxidative stress, that form the basis for their design have been adequately discussed. These inflammation-responsive nanosystems have been organized into five classes namely: Receptor-targeted nanosystems, pH-responsive nanosystems, redox-responsive nanosystems, enzyme-responsive nanosystems, and multi-responsive nanosystems. Studies under each class have been thematically grouped and discussed with an emphasis on the polymers used in their design, nanocarriers, key characterization, loaded actives, and key findings on drug release and therapeutic efficacy. Further, this information is concisely summarized into tables and supplemented by inserted figures. Additionally, this review adeptly points out the strengths and limitations of the studies and identifies research avenues that need to be explored. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives on these nanosystems have been thoughtfully highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent O Nyandoro
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Kabarak University, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - Calvin A Omolo
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Eman A Ismail
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Liu Yong
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (WIUCAS), China
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Sahiner M, Yilmaz AS, Ayyala RS, Sahiner N. Carboxymethyl Chitosan Microgels for Sustained Delivery of Vancomycin and Long-Lasting Antibacterial Effects. Gels 2023; 9:708. [PMID: 37754390 PMCID: PMC10529976 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) is a unique polysaccharide with functional groups that can develop positive and negative charges due to the abundant numbers of amine and carboxylic acid groups. CMCh is widely used in different areas due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, water solubility, and chelating ability. CMCh microgels were synthesized in a microemulsion environment using divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a crosslinking agent. CMCh microgel with tailored size and zeta potential values were obtained in a single stem by crosslinking CMCh in a water-in-oil environment. The spherical microgel structure is confirmed by SEM analysis. The sizes of CMCh microgels varied from one micrometer to tens of micrometers. The isoelectric point of CMCh microgels was determined as pH 4.4. Biocompatibility of CMCh microgels was verified on L929 fibroblasts with 96.5 ± 1.5% cell viability at 1 mg/mL concentration. The drug-carrying abilities of CMCh microgels were evaluated by loading Vancomycin (Van) antibiotic as a model drug. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity efficiency of Van-loaded CMCh microgels (Van@CMCh) was investigated. The MIC values of the released drug from Van@CMCh microgels were found to be 68.6 and 7.95 µg/mL against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, at 24 h contact time. Disk diffusion tests confirmed that Van@CMCh microgels, especially for Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria, revealed long-lasting inhibitory effects on bacteria growth up to 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Sahiner
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale, Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey;
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Aynur S. Yilmaz
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
| | - Ramesh S. Ayyala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Eye Institute, 12901 Bruce B Down Blvd., MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Nurettin Sahiner
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Eye Institute, 12901 Bruce B Down Blvd., MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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Accolla RP, Liang JP, Lansberry TR, Miravet IL, Loaisiga M, Sardi BL, Stabler CL. Engineering Modular, Oxygen-Generating Microbeads for the In Situ Mitigation of Cellular Hypoxia. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300239. [PMID: 36971050 PMCID: PMC10522802 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient oxygenation is a key obstacle in the design of clinically scalable tissue-engineered grafts. In this work, an oxygen-generating composite material, termed OxySite, is created through the encapsulation of calcium peroxide (CaO2 ) within polydimethylsiloxane and formulated into microbeads for ease in tissue integration. Key material parameters of reactant loading, porogen addition, microbead size, and an outer rate-limiting layer are modulated to characterize oxygen generation kinetics and their suitability for cellular applications. In silico models are developed to predict the local impact of different OxySite microbead formulations on oxygen availability within an idealized cellular implant. Promising OxySite microbead variants are subsequently coencapsulated with murine β-cells within macroencapsulation devices, resulting in improved cellular metabolic activity and function under hypoxic conditions when compared to controls. Additionally, the coinjection of optimized OxySite microbeads with murine pancreatic islets within a confined transplant site demonstrates ease of integration and improved primary cell function. These works highlight the broad translatability delivered by this new oxygen-generating biomaterial format, whereby the modularity of the material provides customization of the oxygen source to the specific needs of the cellular implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Accolla
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jia-Pu Liang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Taylor R. Lansberry
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Irayme Labrada Miravet
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marlon Loaisiga
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Baltasar Lopez Sardi
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cherie L. Stabler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
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6
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Yang C, Zhang Z, Gan L, Zhang L, Yang L, Wu P. Application of Biomedical Microspheres in Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7319. [PMID: 37108482 PMCID: PMC10138683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue injury, one of the most common traumatic injuries in daily life, easily leads to secondary wound infections. To promote wound healing and reduce scarring, various kinds of wound dressings, such as gauze, bandages, sponges, patches, and microspheres, have been developed for wound healing. Among them, microsphere-based tissue dressings have attracted increasing attention due to the advantage of easy to fabricate, excellent physicochemical performance and superior drug release ability. In this review, we first introduced the common methods for microspheres preparation, such as emulsification-solvent method, electrospray method, microfluidic technology as well as phase separation methods. Next, we summarized the common biomaterials for the fabrication of the microspheres including natural polymers and synthetic polymers. Then, we presented the application of the various microspheres from different processing methods in wound healing and other applications. Finally, we analyzed the limitations and discussed the future development direction of microspheres in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lexiang Zhang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Yadav N, Kumar U, Chauhan VS. Conformationally restricted, dipeptide-based, self-assembled nanoparticles for efficient vancomycin delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:2023-2035. [PMID: 36645108 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Emergence of vancomycin (Van) resistance, and usage of its higher dose and short half-life are posing a serious concern. Slow and sustained release of Van using a nanodelivery system may overcome these problems. Materials & methods: Arginine-α,β-dehydrophenylalanine (RΔF) was synthesized using solution-phase synthesis which self-assembled into nanospheres. Van was entrapped in the nanoparticles (NPs). In vitro and in vivo efficacy of Van-RΔF was determined using broth microdilution and the mouse thigh infection model, respectively. Results & conclusion: Van-RΔF NPs efficiently inhibited bacterial growth (Staphylococcus aureus), while Van alone showed limited growth inhibition in in vitro. Intravenous administration of Van-RΔF in mice with bacterial thigh infection showed enhanced efficacy (double) compared with Van alone, which indicates its high potential for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Yadav
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector-3, Pushpvihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Utkarsh Kumar
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Virander Singh Chauhan
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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8
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Smart Bacteria-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems in Medical Implants. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040173. [PMID: 36278642 PMCID: PMC9589986 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of implantable biomaterials, the rising risk of bacterial infections has drawn widespread concern. Due to the high recurrence rate of bacterial infections and the issue of antibiotic resistance, the common treatments of peri-implant infections cannot meet the demand. In this context, stimuli-responsive biomaterials have attracted attention because of their great potential to spontaneously modulate the drug releasing rate. Numerous smart bacteria-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) have, therefore, been designed to temporally and spatially release antibacterial agents from the implants in an autonomous manner at the infected sites. In this review, we summarized recent advances in bacteria-responsive DDSs used for combating bacterial infections, mainly according to the different trigger modes, including physical stimuli-responsive, virulence-factor-responsive, host-immune-response responsive and their combinations. It is believed that the smart bacteria-responsive DDSs will become the next generation of mainstream antibacterial therapies.
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Uskoković V, Wu VM. When Nothing Turns Itself Inside out and Becomes Something: Coating Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Spheres with Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles vs. the Other Way Around. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030102. [PMID: 35893470 PMCID: PMC9332181 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To stabilize drugs physisorbed on the surface of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles and prevent burst release, these nanoparticles are commonly coated with polymers. Bioactive HAp, however, becomes shielded from the surface of such core/shell entities, which partially defeats the purpose of using it. The goal of this study was to assess the biological and pharmacokinetic effects of inverting this classical core/shell structure by coating poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) spheres with HAp nanoparticles. The HAp shell did not hinder the release of vancomycin; rather, it increased the release rate to a minor degree, compared to that from undecorated PLGA spheres. The decoration of PLGA spheres with HAp induced lesser mineral deposition and lesser upregulation of osteogenic markers compared to those induced by the composite particles where HAp nanoparticles were embedded inside the PLGA spheres. This was explained by homeostatic mechanisms governing the cell metabolism, which ensure than the sensation of a product of this metabolism in the cell interior or exterior is met with the reduction in the metabolic activity. The antagonistic relationship between proliferation and bone production was demonstrated by the higher proliferation rate of cells challenged with HAp-coated PLGA spheres than of those treated with PLGA-coated HAp. It is concluded that the overwhelmingly positive response of tissues to HAp-coated biomaterials for bone replacement is unlikely to be due to the direct induction of new bone growth in osteoblasts adhering to the HAp coating. Rather, these positive effects are consequential to more elementary aspects of cell attachment, mechanotransduction, and growth at the site of contact between the HAp-coated material and the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- TardigradeNano LLC., 7 Park Vista, Irvine, CA 92604, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-(415)-412-0233
| | - Victoria M. Wu
- TardigradeNano LLC., 7 Park Vista, Irvine, CA 92604, USA;
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10
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Tonkin RL, Klöckner A, Najer A, Simoes da Silva CJ, Echalier C, Dionne MS, Edwards AM, Stevens MM. Bacterial Toxin-Triggered Release of Antibiotics from Capsosomes Protects a Fly Model from Lethal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infection. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200036. [PMID: 35481905 PMCID: PMC7615487 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a severe global health threat and hence demands rapid action to develop novel therapies, including microscale drug delivery systems. Herein, a hierarchical microparticle system is developed to achieve bacteria-activated single- and dual-antibiotic drug delivery for preventing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacterial infections. The designed system is based on a capsosome structure, which consists of a mesoporous silica microparticle coated in alternating layers of oppositely charged polymers and antibiotic-loaded liposomes. The capsosomes are engineered and shown to release their drug payloads in the presence of MRSA toxins controlled by the Agr quorum sensing system. MRSA-activated single drug delivery of vancomycin and synergistic dual delivery of vancomycin together with an antibacterial peptide successfully kills MRSA in vitro. The capability of capsosomes to selectively deliver their cargo in the presence of bacteria, producing a bactericidal effect to protect the host organism, is confirmed in vivo using a Drosophila melanogaster MRSA infection model. Thus, the capsosomes serve as a versatile multidrug, subcompartmentalized microparticle system for preventing antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, with potential applications to protect wounds or medical device implants from infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée L. Tonkin
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anna Klöckner
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Adrian Najer
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Carolina J. Simoes da Silva
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Cécile Echalier
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0315, Norway
| | - Marc S. Dionne
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew M. Edwards
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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11
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Li S, Shi X, Xu B, Wang J, Li P, Wang X, Lou J, Li Z, Yang C, Li S, Zhen P. In vitro drug release and antibacterial activity evaluation of silk fibroin coated vancomycin hydrochloride loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) sustained release microspheres. J Biomater Appl 2022; 36:1676-1688. [PMID: 35015589 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211064098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the treatment of osteomyelitis poses a great challenge to clinical orthopedics. The use of biodegradable materials combined with antibiotics provides a completely new option for the treatment of osteomyelitis. In this study, vancomycin hydrochloride (VANCO) loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres were prepared by a double emulsion solvent evaporation method, and the in vitro drug release behaviors of the drug loaded microspheres were explored after coating with different concentrations of silk fibroin (SF). Drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, Scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrophilicity, in vitro drug release, and in vitro antibacterial activity were evaluated. The results showed that the drug loading of vancomycin loaded PLGA microspheres was (24.11 ±1.72)%, and the encapsulation efficiency was (48.21 ±3.44)%. The in vitro drug release indicated that the drug loaded microspheres showed an obvious initial burst release, and the drug loaded microspheres coated with SF could alleviate the initial burst release in varying degrees. It also can reduce the amount of cumulative drug release, and the effect of microspheres coated with 0.1% concentration of SF is the best. The time of in vitro drug release in different groups of drug loaded microspheres can be up to 28 days. The microspheres coated with (0.1%SF) or without (0%SF) SF showed a cumulative release of (82.50±3.51)% and (67.70±3.81)%,respectively. Therefore, the surface coating with SF of vancomycin loaded microspheres can alleviate the initial burst release, reduce the cumulative drug release, potentially prolong the drug action time, and improve the anti-infection effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtang Li
- 74713Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the People's Liberation Army of China, LanZhou, China
| | - Xuewen Shi
- 105002Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Bo Xu
- 74713Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the People's Liberation Army of China, LanZhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- 381940Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- 381940Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- 105002Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jinpeng Lou
- 105002Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ziyao Li
- 74713Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the People's Liberation Army of China, LanZhou, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- The 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the People's Liberation Army of China, LanZhou, China
| | - Songkai Li
- The 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the People's Liberation Army of China, LanZhou, China
| | - Ping Zhen
- The 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the People's Liberation Army of China, LanZhou, China
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12
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Porous gelatin microspheres for controlled drug delivery with high hemostatic efficacy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 207:112013. [PMID: 34339970 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Effective hemostasis and antibacterial efficacy for extensive trauma in a warzone and civilian accidents are important for reducing mortalities and serious complications. Gelatin has been widely used as a hemostatic agent and has the potential for use in drug delivery systems. To enhance its hemostatic efficiency and create conducive conditions for sustained drug release, we developed Vancomycin-impregnated porous gelatin microspheres (Van-MS) by introducing the porous structure into gelatin. Results showed that Van-MS can be successfully developed via the ice crystal pore-making method combined with hydration maintaining its stability. We also explored the use of biodegradable porous materials for treatment of infections and bleeding in soft tissue, and analyzed Van-MS via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results from Van-MS showed high hemostatic both efficacies in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, muscle lesions treated by Van-MS showed formation of fibrous connective tissue and were nearly sealed after 10 days in a rabbit traumatic infection model. This antibacterial performance was attributed to absorption of exudates and sustained drug release. Hemostatic effects were due to: (1) particles water swelling form a physical barrier that led to physical hemostasis; (2) activation of the endogenous coagulation pathway which resulted in physiological hemostasis; (3) aggregation of platelets and erythrocytes after absorbing water; and (4) stronger hemostatic properties owing to their porous structure with high specific surface area.
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Wu Y, Zhang J, Ni J, Yang Z, Chen K, Zheng L, He Z. Polysaccharide-Based Lotus Seedpod Surface-Like Porous Microsphere as an Efficient Drug Carrier for Cancer Treatment. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:4067-4076. [PMID: 34040445 PMCID: PMC8141274 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s291473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the properties and functions of polysaccharide-based porous microsphere (PPM) for drug delivery, as well as its inhibitory effect on malignant tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS PPM was prepared using the inverse emulsion polymerization method. FT-IR measurements were conducted to measure the wavenumber of PPM. Particle size distribution was tested with a particle analyzer, and surface morphologies of PPM were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Dialysis method, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and cell apoptosis analysis were adopted to evaluate the drug release, cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of mitomycin-C (MMC), respectively. Finally, an in vivo study was performed in C57BL/6 mice to confirm the function of MMC-loaded PPM on tumor growth. RESULTS FT-IR spectra proved the successful preparation of MMC-loaded PPM. PPM had an average size of 25.90 ± 0.34 μm and then increased to 30.10 ± 0.20 μm after drug loading. Under SEM, the surface morphology was lotus seedpod surface-like, with macropits on the surface and micropores in macropits. Compared with the free MMC group, MMC-loaded PPM exhibited a delayed drug release rate in a pH-dependent manner and higher cell viability. Flow cytometry results showed that the cell apoptosis in the PPM/MMC group was lower than that in the free MMC group. In vivo experiment revealed the inhibitory efficacy of MMC-loaded PPM on malignant tumors. CONCLUSION In summary, MMC-loaded PPM exhibited favorable surface morphology, sustained drug release ability, nontoxicity and excellent biocompatibility, suggesting that PPM might be a potential drug carrier for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Ni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangcheng Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Sun Y, Davis E. Nanoplatforms for Targeted Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery: A Review of Platform Materials and Stimuli-Responsive Release and Targeting Mechanisms. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:746. [PMID: 33809633 PMCID: PMC8000772 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To achieve the promise of stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer, they should (1) avoid premature clearance; (2) accumulate in tumors and undergo endocytosis by cancer cells; and (3) exhibit appropriate stimuli-responsive release of the payload. It is challenging to address all of these requirements simultaneously. However, the numerous proof-of-concept studies addressing one or more of these requirements reported every year have dramatically expanded the toolbox available for the design of drug delivery systems. This review highlights recent advances in the targeting and stimuli-responsiveness of drug delivery systems. It begins with a discussion of nanocarrier types and an overview of the factors influencing nanocarrier biodistribution. On-demand release strategies and their application to each type of nanocarrier are reviewed, including both endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Recent developments in stimuli-responsive targeting strategies are also discussed. The remaining challenges and prospective solutions in the field are discussed throughout the review, which is intended to assist researchers in overcoming interdisciplinary knowledge barriers and increase the speed of development. This review presents a nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems toolbox that enables the application of techniques across platforms and inspires researchers with interdisciplinary information to boost the development of multifunctional therapeutic nanoplatforms for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Davis
- Materials Engineering Program, Mechanical Engineering Department, Auburn University, 101 Wilmore Drive, Auburn, AL 36830, USA;
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Kim HJ, Hong SJ, Lee S, Park JM, Park J, Park JS, Shim SH, Park K. Induction of Bone Formation by 3D Biologically Active Scaffolds Containing RGD‐NPs, BMP2, and NtMPCs. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Nano‐regenerative Medical Engineering Department of Biomedical Science College of Life Science CHA University 618, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong‐Dong Bundang‐gu Seongnam‐si 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Jun Hong
- Laboratory of Nano‐regenerative Medical Engineering Department of Biomedical Science College of Life Science CHA University 618, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong‐Dong Bundang‐gu Seongnam‐si 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Laboratory of Nano‐regenerative Medical Engineering Department of Biomedical Science College of Life Science CHA University 618, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong‐Dong Bundang‐gu Seongnam‐si 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Park
- Laboratory of Nano‐regenerative Medical Engineering Department of Biomedical Science College of Life Science CHA University 618, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong‐Dong Bundang‐gu Seongnam‐si 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐In Park
- Laboratory of Nano‐regenerative Medical Engineering Department of Biomedical Science College of Life Science CHA University 618, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong‐Dong Bundang‐gu Seongnam‐si 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Park
- Laboratory of Nano‐regenerative Medical Engineering Department of Biomedical Science College of Life Science CHA University 618, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong‐Dong Bundang‐gu Seongnam‐si 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Han Shim
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics Department of Biomedical Science College of Life Science CHA University 629, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong‐Dong Bundang‐gu Seongnam‐si 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Keun‐Hong Park
- Laboratory of Nano‐regenerative Medical Engineering Department of Biomedical Science College of Life Science CHA University 618, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong‐Dong Bundang‐gu Seongnam‐si 13488 Republic of Korea
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Xu Y, Hu B, Xu J, Wu J, Ye B. Preparation of Biodegradable Polymeric Nanocapsules for Treatment of Malignant Tumor Using Coaxial Capillary Microfluidic Device. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:570-580. [PMID: 32196366 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Nanocapsules play a role in the targeted delivery of chemotherapy drugs. However, the traditional technology for preparation of nanocapsules is relatively complex with poor controllability, leading to large differences batch to batch. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of drugs-loaded nanocapsules (Drugs-NCs) fabricated by coaxial capillary microfluidic device, and inhibitory effect on malignant tumors. Materials and Methods: In this study, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and 5-fluorouracil were selected as chemotherapy drugs, and Drugs-NCs were prepared by coaxial glass capillary microfluidic device. Next, transmission electron microscope was utilized to characterize surface morphology and particle size distribution of Drugs-NCs. Then, high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency. Dialysis method was performed to measure the drug release of Drugs-NCs in vitro. To study the effects of Drugs + NCs on tumor growth in vivo, BALB/c (nu/nu) nude mice were used in vivo experiments. Results: The Drugs-NCs were spherical and uniform in size (103.4 nm). Besides, the encapsulation efficiencies of oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and 5-fluorouracil were 97.0%, 95.7%, and 15.6%, respectively. Moreover, drugs encapsulated in the nanocapsules released less and was pH-dependent, with more rapid release being observed at pH 5.5 group compared with pH 7.4 group. MTT assay and in vivo experiments indicated the inhibitory effect of Drugs-NCs on malignant tumors. Conclusion: The prepared nanocapsules had potential tumor targeting. Furthermore, coaxial capillary microfluidic device could be used as a promising microfluidic technology to fabricate multiple Drug-NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Bingren Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Jiong Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Jianzhang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Bailiang Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
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Ewald J, Blankenburg J, Worm M, Besch L, Unger RE, Tremel W, Frey H, Pohlit H. Acid-Cleavable Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels Displaying Protein Release at pH 5. Chemistry 2020; 26:2947-2953. [PMID: 31850549 PMCID: PMC7079179 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PEG is the gold standard polymer for pharmaceutical applications, however it lacks degradability. Degradation under physiologically relevant pH as present in endolysosomes, cancerous and inflammatory tissues is crucial for many areas. The authors present anionic ring-opening copolymerization of ethylene oxide with 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (EPB) and subsequent modification to introduce acid-degradable vinyl ether groups as well as methacrylate (MA) units, enabling radical cross-linking. Copolymers with different molar ratios of EPB, molecular weights (Mn ) up to 10 000 g mol-1 and narrow dispersities (Đ<1.05) were prepared. Both the P(EG-co-isoEPB)MA copolymer and the hydrogels showed pH-dependent, rapid hydrolysis at pH 5-6 and long-term storage stability at neutral pH (pH 7.4). By designing the degree of polymerization and content of degradable vinyl ether groups, the release time of an entrapped protein OVA-Alexa488 can be tailored from a few hours to several days (hydrolysis half-life time t1/2 at pH 5: 13 h to 51 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ewald
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-UniversityDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Jan Blankenburg
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-UniversityDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
- Graduate School Materials Science in MainzStaudinger Weg 955128MainzGermany
| | - Matthias Worm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-UniversityDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Laura Besch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-UniversityDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Ronald E. Unger
- Institute for PathologyJohannes Gutenberg University MainzObere Zahlbacher Straße 6355101MainzGermany
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-UniversityDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-UniversityDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Hannah Pohlit
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-UniversityDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
- Engineering Sciences DepartmentScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala UniversityLägerhyddsvägen 175121UppsalaSweden
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