1
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Wang Y, Chen L, Lu J, Pan J, Zhang J. Surface Orthogonal Patterning and Bidirectional Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles Tethered by V-Shaped Diblock Copolymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39066716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the surface orthogonal patterning and bidirectional self-assembly of binary hairy nanoparticles (NPs) constructed by uniformly tethering a single NP with multiple V-shaped AB diblock copolymers using Brownian dynamics simulations in a poor solvent. At low concentration, the chain collapse and microphase separation of binary polymer brushes can lead to the patterning of the NP surface into A- and B-type orthogonal patches with various numbers of domains (valency), n = 1-6, that adopt spherical, linear, triangular, tetrahedral, square pyramidal, and pentagonal pyramidal configurations. There is a linear relationship between the valency and the average ratio of NP diameter to the polymers' unperturbed root-mean-square end-to-end distance for the corresponding valency. The linear slope depends on the grafting density and is independent of the interaction parameters between polymers. At high concentration, the orthogonal patch NPs serve as building blocks and exhibit directional attractions by overlapping the same type of domains, resulting in self-assembly into a series of fascinating architectures depending on the valency and polymer length. Notably, the 2-valent orthogonal patch NPs have the bidirectional bonding ability to form the two-dimensional (2D) square NP arrays by two distinct pathways. Simultaneously patching A and B blocks enables the one-step formation of 2D square arrays via bidirectional growth, whereas step-by-step patching causes the directional formation of 1D chains followed by 2D square arrays. Moreover, the gap between NPs in the 2D square arrays is related to the polymer length but independent of the NP diameter. These 2D square NP arrays are of significant value in practical applications such as integrated circuit manufacturing and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafan Lu
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxing Pan
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjun Zhang
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, People's Republic of China
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2
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Du K, Li X, Feng F. Polymer-Drug Conjugates Codeliver a Temozolomide Intermediate and Nitric Oxide for Enhanced Chemotherapy against Glioblastoma Multiforme. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1810-1819. [PMID: 38403964 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Polymer-drug conjugates (PDCs) provide possibilities for the development of multiresponsive drug delivery and release platforms utilized in cancer therapy. The delivery of Temozolomide (TMZ, a DNA methylation agent) by PDCs has been developed to improve TMZ stability under physiological conditions for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM); however, with inefficient chemotherapeutic efficacy. In this work, we synthesized an amphiphilic triblock copolymer (P1-SNO) with four pendant functionalities, including (1) a TMZ intermediate (named MTIC) as a prodrug moiety, (2) a disulfide bond as a redox-responsive trigger to cage MTIC, (3) S-nitrosothiol as a light/heat-responsive donor of nitric oxide (NO), and (4) a poly(ethylene glycol) chain to enable self-assembly in aqueous media. P1-SNO was demonstrated to liberate MTIC in the presence of reduced glutathione and release gaseous NO upon exposure to light or heat. The in vitro results revealed a synergistic effect of released MTIC and NO on both TMZ-sensitive and TMZ-resistant GBM cells. The environment-responsive PDC system for codelivery of MTIC and NO is promising to overcome the efficacy issue in TMZ-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Regeneration, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, Hunan, China
| | - Fude Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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3
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Sghier K, Mur M, Veiga F, Paiva-Santos AC, Pires PC. Novel Therapeutic Hybrid Systems Using Hydrogels and Nanotechnology: A Focus on Nanoemulgels for the Treatment of Skin Diseases. Gels 2024; 10:45. [PMID: 38247768 PMCID: PMC10815052 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Topical and transdermal drug delivery are advantageous administration routes, especially when treating diseases and conditions with a skin etiology. Nevertheless, conventional dosage forms often lead to low therapeutic efficacy, safety issues, and patient noncompliance. To tackle these issues, novel topical and transdermal platforms involving nanotechnology have been developed. This review focuses on the latest advances regarding the development of nanoemulgels for skin application, encapsulating a wide variety of molecules, including already marketed drugs (miconazole, ketoconazole, fusidic acid, imiquimod, meloxicam), repurposed marketed drugs (atorvastatin, omeprazole, leflunomide), natural-derived compounds (eucalyptol, naringenin, thymoquinone, curcumin, chrysin, brucine, capsaicin), and other synthetic molecules (ebselen, tocotrienols, retinyl palmitate), for wound healing, skin and skin appendage infections, skin inflammatory diseases, skin cancer, neuropathy, or anti-aging purposes. Developed formulations revealed adequate droplet size, PDI, viscosity, spreadability, pH, stability, drug release, and drug permeation and/or retention capacity, having more advantageous characteristics than current marketed formulations. In vitro and/or in vivo studies established the safety and efficacy of the developed formulations, confirming their therapeutic potential, and making them promising platforms for the replacement of current therapies, or as possible adjuvant treatments, which might someday effectively reach the market to help fight highly incident skin or systemic diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Sghier
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého tř. 1946, Brno-Královo Pole, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maja Mur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia C. Pires
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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4
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Kawaguchi D, Sasahara K, Inutsuka M, Abe T, Yamamoto S, Tanaka K. Absolute local conformation of poly(methyl methacrylate) chains adsorbed on a quartz surface. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:244902. [PMID: 38146829 DOI: 10.1063/5.0184315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer chains at a buried interface with an inorganic solid play a critical role in the performance of polymer nanocomposites and adhesives. Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy with a sub-nanometer depth resolution provides valuable information regarding the orientation angle of functional groups at interfaces. However, in the case of conventional SFG, since the signal intensity is proportional to the square of the second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility and thereby loses phase information, it cannot be unambiguously determined whether the functional groups face upward or downward. This problem can be solved by phase-sensitive SFG (ps-SFG). We here applied ps-SFG to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains in direct contact with a quartz surface, shedding light on the local conformation of chains adsorbed onto the solid surface. The measurements made it possible to determine the absolute orientation of the ester methyl groups of PMMA, which were oriented toward the quartz interface. Combining ps-SFG with all-atomistic molecular dynamics simulation, the distribution of the local conformation and the driving force are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sasahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Manabu Inutsuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Abe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamamoto
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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5
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Leonés A, Peponi L, García-Martínez JM, Collar EP. Study on the Tensile Behavior of Woven Non-Woven PLA/OLA/MgO Electrospun Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3973. [PMID: 37836022 PMCID: PMC10574995 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work deeply studied the mechanical behavior of woven non-woven PLA/OLA/MgO electrospun fibers, efibers, by using Box-Wilson surface response methodology. This work follows up a previous one where both the diameters and the thermal response of such efibers were discussed in terms of both the different amounts of magnesium oxide nanoparticles, MgO, as well as of the oligomer (lactic acid), OLA, used as plasticizer. The results of both works, in term of diameters, degree of crystallinity, and mechanical response, can be strongly correlated to each other, as reported here. In particular, the strain mechanism of PLA/OLA/MgO efibers was studied, showing an orientation of efibers parallel to the applied stress and identifying the mechanically weakest points that yielded the start of the breakage of efibers. Moreover, we identified 1.5 wt% as the critical amount of MgO, above which the plasticizing effect of OLA was weaker as the amount of both components increased. Moreover, the minimum elastic modulus value took place at 15 wt% of OLA, in agreement with the previously reported convergence point in the evolution of the degree of crystallinity. Regarding the yield point, a concentration of OLA between 20 and 30 wt% led to a slight improvement in the yielding capability in terms of tensile strength in comparison with neat PLA efibers. Therefore, the approach presented here permits the design of tailor-made electrospun nanocomposites with specific mechanical requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Peponi
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (J.-M.G.-M.); (E.P.C.)
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6
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Heil C, Ma Y, Bharti B, Jayaraman A. Computational Reverse-Engineering Analysis for Scattering Experiments for Form Factor and Structure Factor Determination (" P( q) and S( q) CREASE"). JACS AU 2023; 3:889-904. [PMID: 37006757 PMCID: PMC10052275 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an open-source machine learning (ML)-accelerated computational method to analyze small-angle scattering profiles [I(q) vs q] from concentrated macromolecular solutions to simultaneously obtain the form factor P(q) (e.g., dimensions of a micelle) and the structure factor S(q) (e.g., spatial arrangement of the micelles) without relying on analytical models. This method builds on our recent work on Computational Reverse-Engineering Analysis for Scattering Experiments (CREASE) that has either been applied to obtain P(q) from dilute macromolecular solutions (where S(q) ∼1) or to obtain S(q) from concentrated particle solutions when P(q) is known (e.g., sphere form factor). This paper's newly developed CREASE that calculates P(q) and S(q), termed as "P(q) and S(q) CREASE", is validated by taking as input I(q) vs q from in silico structures of known polydisperse core(A)-shell(B) micelles in solutions at varying concentrations and micelle-micelle aggregation. We demonstrate how "P(q) and S(q) CREASE" performs if given two or three of the relevant scattering profiles-I total(q), I A(q), and I B(q)-as inputs; this demonstration is meant to guide experimentalists who may choose to do small-angle X-ray scattering (for total scattering from the micelles) and/or small-angle neutron scattering with appropriate contrast matching to get scattering solely from one or the other component (A or B). After validation of "P(q) and S(q) CREASE" on in silico structures, we present our results analyzing small-angle neutron scattering profiles from a solution of core-shell type surfactant-coated nanoparticles with varying extents of aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian
M. Heil
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yingzhen Ma
- Cain
Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana
State University, 3307 Patrick F. Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Bhuvnesh Bharti
- Cain
Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana
State University, 3307 Patrick F. Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, 201 DuPont
Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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7
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Revelas CJ, Sgouros AP, Lakkas AT, Theodorou DN. Addressing Nanocomposite Systems via 3D-SCFT: Assessment of Smearing Approximation and Irregular Grafting Distributions. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos J. Revelas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristotelis P. Sgouros
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos T. Lakkas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Doros N. Theodorou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
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8
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Dielectric Characterization of Core-Shell Structured Poly(vinylidene fluoride)- grafted-BaTiO 3 Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030595. [PMID: 36771897 PMCID: PMC9919282 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)-grafted-BaTiO3 (PVDF-g-BT) core-shell structured nanocomposites obtained from Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization of VDF were investigated by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). The dielectric constant increased along with the BT content, about +50% by addition of 15 vol% of BT, which was around 40% more than expected from predictions using the usual dielectric modeling methods for composite materials, to be ascribed to the effect of the interfacial core-shell structure. The known dielectric relaxations for PVDF were observed for the neat polymer as well as for its nanocomposites, not affected by the presence of nanoparticles. A relaxation process at higher temperatures was found, due to interfacial polarization at the amorphous-crystalline interface, due to the high crystallinity of materials produced by RAFT. Isochronal BDS spectra were exploited to detect the primary relaxation of the amorphous fraction. Thermal analysis demonstrated a very broad endotherm at temperatures much lower than the usual melting peaks, possibly due to the ungrafted fraction of the polymer that is more easily removable by repeated washing of the pristine material with acetone.
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9
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Yoshioka H, Aoki Y, Nonaka K, Yamada NL, Kobayashi M. Effect of molecular weight distribution on the thermal adhesion of polystyrene and PMMA brushes. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Ushakova AS, Vasilevskaya VV. Hedgehog, Chamomile and Multipetal Polymeric Structures on the Nanoparticle Surface: Theoretical Insights. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204358. [PMID: 36297936 PMCID: PMC9609382 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An analytical theory describing the variety of different morphological structures that spontaneously self-assemble in layers of amphiphilic homopolymers tightly grafted to spherical nanoparticle is proposed. For this purpose, the following structures were identified and outlined: hedgehogs, in which macromolecules are combined into cylindrical aggregates; chamomile, when cylindrical aggregates are connected by their ends into loops; multipetal structure with macromolecules self-assembling into thin lamellae; and unstructured, swollen and uniformly compacted shells. The results are presented in the form of state diagrams and serve as a basis for the directional design of the surface pattern by varying system parameters (particle radius, grafting density and degree of polymerization) and solvent properties (quality and selectivity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S. Ushakova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova St. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina V. Vasilevskaya
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova St. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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11
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Molecular Dynamics and Structure of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Chains Grafted from Barium Titanate Nanoparticles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196372. [PMID: 36234912 PMCID: PMC9571223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Core−shell nanocomposites comprising barium titanate, BaTiO3 (BTO), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains grafted from its surface with varied grafting densities were prepared. BTO nanocrystals are high-k inorganic materials, and the obtained nanocomposites exhibit enhanced dielectric permittivity, as compared to neat PMMA, and a relatively low level of loss tangent in a wide range of frequencies. The impact of the molecular dynamics, structure, and interactions of the BTO surface on the polymer chains was investigated. The nanocomposites were characterized by broadband dielectric and vibrational spectroscopies (IR and Raman), transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The presence of ceramic nanoparticles in core–shell composites slowed down the segmental dynamic of PMMA chains, increased glass transition temperature, and concurrently increased the thermal stability of the organic part. It was also evidenced that, in addition to segmental dynamics, local β relaxation was affected. The grafting density influenced the self-organization and interactions within the PMMA phase, affecting the organization on a smaller size scale of polymeric chains. This was explained by the interaction of the exposed surface of nanoparticles with polymer chains.
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12
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Sgouros AP, Revelas CJ, Lakkas AT, Theodorou DN. Solvation Free Energy of Dilute Grafted (Nano)Particles in Polymer Melts via the Self-Consistent Field Theory. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7454-7474. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aristotelis P. Sgouros
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos J. Revelas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos T. Lakkas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Doros N. Theodorou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
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13
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Iyer BVS. Effect of functional anisotropy on the local dynamics of polymer grafted nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6209-6221. [PMID: 35894123 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00710j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
End-functionalised polymer grafted nanoparticles (PGNs) form bonds when their coronas overlap. The bonded interactions between the overlapping PGNs depend on the energy of the bonds (U). In the present study, oscillatory deformation imposed on a simple system with interacting PGNs placed on the vertices of a triangle is employed to examine the local dynamics as a function of energy of the bonds and the frequency of oscillation relative to the characteristic rupture frequency, ω0 = 2πν exp(-U/kBT), of the bonds. In particular, the effect of functional anisotropy is studied by introducing bonds of two different energies between adjacent PGNs. A multicomponent model developed by Kadre and Iyer, Macromol. Theory Simul., 2021, 30, 2100005, that combines the features of effective interactions between PGNs, self-consistent field theory and master equation approach to study bond kinetics is employed to obtain the local dynamics. The resulting force-strain curves are found to exhibit a simple broken symmetry where Fx (γ,) ≠ -Fx (-γ,-) and Fy (γ,) ≠ Fy (-γ,-) in systems with functional anisotropy. Fourier analysis of the dynamic response reveals that functional anisotropy leads to finite even harmonic terms and systematic variation of both the elastic and dissipative response from that of the isotropic systems. Furthermore, the intra-cycle variations in the strain stiffening and shear thickening ratios obtained from the analysis indicate that functional anisotropy leads to anisotropic nonlinear response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji V S Iyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
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14
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Zhao Y, Wang Z, Yu C, Wu H, Olszewski M, Yin R, Zhai Y, Liu T, Coronado A, Matyjaszewski K, Bockstaller MR. Topologically Induced Heterogeneity in Gradient Copolymer Brush Particle Materials. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chenxi Yu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hanshu Wu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Amy Coronado
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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15
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Zhang NN, Shen X, Liu K, Nie Z, Kumacheva E. Polymer-Tethered Nanoparticles: From Surface Engineering to Directional Self-Assembly. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1503-1513. [PMID: 35576169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusCurrent interest in nanoparticle ensembles is motivated by their collective synergetic properties that are distinct from or better than those of individual nanoparticles and their bulk counterparts. These new advanced optical, electronic, magnetic, and catalytic properties can find applications in advanced nanomaterials and functional devices, if control is achieved over nanoparticle organization. Self-assembly offers a cost-efficient approach to produce ensembles of nanoparticles with well-defined and predictable structures. Nanoparticles functionalized with polymer molecules are promising building blocks for self-assembled nanostructures, due to the comparable dimensions of macromolecules and nanoparticles, the ability to synthesize polymers with various compositions, degrees of polymerization, and structures, and the ability of polymers to self-assemble in their own right. Moreover, polymer ligands can endow additional functionalities to nanoparticle assemblies, thus broadening the range of their applications.In this Account, we describe recent progress of our research groups in the development of new strategies for the self-assembly of nanoparticles tethered to macromolecules. At the beginning of our journey, we developed a new approach to patchy nanoparticles and their self-assembly. In a thermodynamically driven strategy, we used poor solvency conditions to induce homopolymer surface segregation in pinned micelles (patches). Patchy nanoparticles underwent self-assembly in a well-defined and controlled manner. Following this work, we overcame the limitation of low yield of the generation of patchy nanoparticles, by using block copolymer ligands. For block copolymer-capped nanoparticles, patch formation and self-assembly were "staged" by using distinct stimuli for each process. We expanded this work to the generation of patchy nanoparticles via dynamic exchange of block copolymer molecules between the nanoparticle surface and micelles in the solution. The scope of our work was further extended to a series of strategies that utilized the change in the configuration of block copolymer ligands during nanoparticle interactions. To this end, we explored the amphiphilicity of block copolymer-tethered nanoparticles and complementary interactions between reactive block copolymer ligands. Both approaches enabled exquisite control over directional and self-limiting self-assembly of complex hierarchical nanostructures. Next, we focused on the self-assembly of chiral nanostructures. To enable this goal, we attached chiral molecules to the surface of nanoparticles and organized these hybrid building blocks in ensembles with excellent chiroptical properties. In summary, our work enables surface engineering of polymer-capped nanoparticles and their controllable and predictable self-assembly. Future research in the field of nanoparticle self-assembly will include the development of effective characterization techniques, the synthesis of new functional polymers, and the development of environmentally responsive self-assembly of polymer-capped nanoparticles for the fabrication of nanomaterials with tailored functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061 P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S3H6 ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G9 ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E5 ON, Canada
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Chen Y, Xu H, Ma Y, Liu J, Zhang L. Diffusion of polymer-grafted nanoparticles with dynamical fluctuations in unentangled polymer melts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11322-11335. [PMID: 35485911 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00002d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNPs) in melts of unentangled linear chains were investigated by means of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The results demonstrated that the graft monomers closer to the particle surface relax more slowly than those farther away due to the constraint of the grafted surface and the confinement of the neighboring chains. Such heterogeneous relaxations of the surrounding environment would perturb the particle motion, making them fluctuating around their centers before they can diffuse through the melt. During such intermediate-time stage, the dynamics is subdiffusive while the distribution of particle displacements is Gaussian, which can be described by the popular fractional Brownian motion model. For the long-time Fickian diffusion, we found that the diffusivity D decreases with increasing grafting density Σg, grafted chain length Ng, and matrix chain length Nm. This is due to the fact that the diffusivity is controlled by the viscous drag of an effective core, consisting of the NP and the non-draining layer of graft segments, and that of the free-draining graft layer outside the "core". With increasing Σg, the PGNPs become harder with greater effective size and thinner free draining layer, resulting in a reduction in D. At extremely high Σg, the diffusivity can even be estimated by the diameter-renormalized Stokes-Einstein (SE) relation. With increasing Ng, both the effective core size and the thickness of the free-draining layer increase, leading to a reduction in diffusivity by D ∼ N-γg with 0.5 < γ < 1. Increasing Nm would lead to the enlargement of the effective core size but meanwhile result in the reduction of the free-draining layer thickness due to autophobic dewetting. The counteraction between these two opposite effects leads to only a slight reduction in the diffusivity, significantly different from the typical SE behavior where D ∼ Nm-1. These findings bear significance in unraveling the fundamental physics of the anomalous dynamics of PGNPs in various polymers, including biological and synthetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Haohao Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yangwei Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Bhattacharjee S. Molecular Descriptors as a Facile Tool toward Designing Surface-Functionalized Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1168-1175. [PMID: 35316069 PMCID: PMC8985240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Modulating the surface
chemistry of nanoparticles, often by grafting
hydrophilic polymer brushes (e.g., polyethylene glycol) to prepare
nanoformulations that can resist opsonization in a hematic environment
and negotiate with the mucus barrier, is a popular strategy toward
developing biocompatible and effective nano-drug delivery systems.
However, there is a need for tools that can screen multiple surface
ligands and cluster them based on both structural similarity and physicochemical
attributes. Molecular descriptors offer numerical readouts based on
molecular properties and provide a fertile ground for developing quick
screening platforms. Thus, a study was conducted with 14 monomers/repeating
blocks of polymeric chains, namely, oxazoline, acrylamide, vinylpyrrolidone,
glycerol, acryloyl morpholine, dimethyl acrylamide, hydroxypropyl
methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl methacrylamide, sialic acid, carboxybetaine
acrylamide, carboxybetaine methacrylate, sulfobetaine methacrylate,
methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine, and vinyl-pyridinio propanesulfonate,
capable of imparting hydrophilicity to a surface when assembled as
polymeric brushes. Employing free, Web-based, and user-friendly platforms,
such as SwissADME and ChemMine tools, a series of molecular descriptors
and Tanimoto coefficient of molecular pairs were determined, followed
by hierarchical clustering analyses. Molecular pairs of oxazoline/dimethyl
acrylamide, hydroxypropyl methacrylamide/hydroxyethyl methacrylamide,
acrylamide/glycerol, carboxybetaine acrylamide/vinyl-pyridinio propanesulfonate,
and sulfobetaine methacrylate/methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine
were clustered together. Similarly, the molecular pair of hydroxypropyl
methacrylamide/hydroxyethyl methacrylamide demonstrated a high Tanimoto
coefficient of >0.9, whereas the pairs oxazoline/vinylpyrrolidone,
acrylamide/dimethyl acrylamide, acryloyl morpholine/dimethyl acrylamide,
acryloyl morpholine/hydroxypropyl methacrylamide, acryloyl morpholine/hydroxyethyl
methacrylamide, carboxybetaine methacrylate/sulfobetaine methacrylate,
and glycerol/hydroxypropyl methacrylamide had a Tanimoto coefficient
of >0.8. The analyzed data not only demonstrated the ability of
such in silico tools as a facile technique in clustering
molecules
of interest based on their structure and physicochemical characteristics
but also provided vital information on their behavior within biological
systems, including the ability to engage an array of possible molecular
targets when the monomers are self-assembled on nanoparticulate surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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18
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Khosroshahi R, Tehrani NA, Forouzandeh M, Behrouznejad F, Taghavinia N, Bagherzadeh M. Engineering of CIGS nanoparticle inks for colloidal stability, uniform film formation and application as HTL for perovskite solar cells. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Haddadi S, Skepö M, Forsman J. From Attraction to Repulsion to Attraction: Non-monotonic Temperature Dependence of Polymer-Mediated Interactions in Colloidal Dispersions. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2021; 1:69-80. [PMID: 37102117 PMCID: PMC10125165 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have synthesized polystyrene particles that carry short end-grafted polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains. We then added dissolved 100 kDa PEG polymers and monitored potential flocculation by confocal microscopy. Qualitative predictions, based on previous theoretical developments in this field (Xie, F.; et al. Soft Matter 2016, 12, 658), suggest a non-monotonic temperature response. These theories propose that the "free" (dissolved) polymers will mediate attractive depletion interactions at room temperature, with a concomitant clustering/flocculation at a sufficiently high polymer concentration. At high temperatures, where the solvent is poorer, this is predicted to be replaced by attractive bridging interactions, again resulting in particle condensation. Interestingly enough, our theoretical framework, based on classical density functional theory, predicts an intermediate temperature regime where the polymer-mediated interactions are repulsive! This obviously implies a homogeneous dispersion in this regime. These qualitative predictions have been experimentally tested and confirmed in this work, where flocs of particles start to form at room temperature for a high enough polymer dosage. At temperatures near 45 °C, the flocs redisperse, and we obtain a homogeneous sample. However, samples at about 75 °C will again display clusters and eventually phase separation. Using results from these studies, we have been able to fine-tune parameters of our coarse-grained theoretical model, resulting in predictions of temperature-dependent stability that display semiquantitative accuracy. A crucial aspect is that under "intermediate" conditions, where the polymers neither adsorb nor desorb at the particle surfaces, the polymer-mediated equilibrium interaction is repulsive.
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Abstract
Polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNPs) are an important component of many advanced materials. The interplay between the nanoparticle surface curvature and spatial confinement by neighboring chains produces a complex set of structural and dynamical behaviors in the polymer corona surrounding the nanoparticle. For example, experiments have shown that the inner portion of the corona is more stretched and relaxes more slowly than the outer region. Here, we perform systematic core-modified dissipative particle dynamics (CM-DPD) simulations and analyze the relaxation dynamics using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the monomer coordinates. We find that grafted chains relax more slowly than free chains and that the relaxation time of the grafted chains scales inversely with the confinement strength. For PGNPs in a polymer melt, the relaxation processes are always Rouse-like. However, we observe either Zimm-like or Rouse-like dynamics for PGNPs in solution depending on the confinement strength.
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21
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Godoy-Gallardo M, Eckhard U, Delgado LM, de Roo Puente YJ, Hoyos-Nogués M, Gil FJ, Perez RA. Antibacterial approaches in tissue engineering using metal ions and nanoparticles: From mechanisms to applications. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4470-4490. [PMID: 34027235 PMCID: PMC8131399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection of implanted scaffolds may have fatal consequences and, in combination with the emergence of multidrug bacterial resistance, the development of advanced antibacterial biomaterials and constructs is of great interest. Since decades ago, metals and their ions had been used to minimize bacterial infection risk and, more recently, metal-based nanomaterials, with improved antimicrobial properties, have been advocated as a novel and tunable alternative. A comprehensive review is provided on how metal ions and ion nanoparticles have the potential to decrease or eliminate unwanted bacteria. Antibacterial mechanisms such as oxidative stress induction, ion release and disruption of biomolecules are currently well accepted. However, the exact antimicrobial mechanisms of the discussed metal compounds remain poorly understood. The combination of different metal ions and surface decorations of nanoparticles will lead to synergistic effects and improved microbial killing, and allow to mitigate potential side effects to the host. Starting with a general overview of antibacterial mechanisms, we subsequently focus on specific metal ions such as silver, zinc, copper, iron and gold, and outline their distinct modes of action. Finally, we discuss the use of these metal ions and nanoparticles in tissue engineering to prevent implant failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Godoy-Gallardo
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195, del Vallès, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ulrich Eckhard
- Proteolysis Lab, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis M. Delgado
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195, del Vallès, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda J.D. de Roo Puente
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195, del Vallès, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Hoyos-Nogués
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195, del Vallès, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195, del Vallès, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roman A. Perez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195, del Vallès, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Yuan C, Käfer F, Ober CK. Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles (PGNs) with Adjustable Graft-Density and Interparticle Hydrogen Bonding Interaction. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100629. [PMID: 34743391 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNs) receive great attention because they possess the advantages of both the grafted polymer and inorganic cores, and thus demonstrate superior optical, electronic, and mechanical properties. Thus, PGNs with tailorable interparticle interactions are indispensable for the formation of a superlattice with a defined and ordered structure. In this work, the synthesis of PGNs is reported which can form interparticle hydrogen-bonding to enhance the formation of well-defined 2D nanoparticle arrays. Various polymers, including poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP), poly(dimethyl aminoethyl acrylate) (PDMAEMA), and poly(4-acetoxy styrene) (PAcS), are attached to silica cores by a "grafting from" in a mini emulsion-like synthesis approach. SiO2 -PAcS brushes are deprotected by hydrazinolysis and converted into poly(4-vinyl phenol) (PVP), containing hydroxyl groups as potential hydrogen-bonding donor sites. Understanding and controlling interparticle interactions by varying grafting density in the range of 10-2 -10-3 chain nm-2 , and the formation of interparticle hydrogen bonding relevant for self-assembly of PGNs and potential formation of PGN superlattice structures are the motivations for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyun Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Florian Käfer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Christopher K Ober
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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23
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Parisi D, Buenning E, Kalafatakis N, Gury L, Benicewicz BC, Gauthier M, Cloitre M, Rubinstein M, Kumar SK, Vlassopoulos D. Universal Polymeric-to-Colloidal Transition in Melts of Hairy Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16697-16708. [PMID: 34623796 PMCID: PMC8905532 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two different classes of hairy self-suspended nanoparticles in the melt state, polymer-grafted nanoparticles (GNPs) and star polymers, are shown to display universal dynamic behavior across a broad range of parameter space. Linear viscoelastic measurements on well-characterized silica-poly(methyl acrylate) GNPs with a fixed core radius (Rcore) and grafting density (or number of arms f) but varying arm degree of polymerization (Narm) show two distinctly different regimes of response. The colloidal Regime I with a small Narm (large core volume fraction) is characterized by predominant low-frequency solidlike colloidal plateau and ultraslow relaxation, while the polymeric Regime II with a large Narm (small core volume fractions) has a response dominated by the starlike relaxation of partially interpenetrated arms. The transition between the two regimes is marked by a crossover where both polymeric and colloidal modes are discerned albeit without a distinct colloidal plateau. Similarly, polybutadiene multiarm stars also exhibit the colloidal response of Regime I at very large f and small Narm. The star arm retraction model and a simple scaling model of nanoparticle escape from the cage of neighbors by overcoming a hopping potential barrier due to their elastic deformation quantitatively describe the linear response of the polymeric and colloidal regimes, respectively, in all these cases. The dynamic behavior of hairy nanoparticles of different chemistry and molecular characteristics, investigated here and reported in the literature, can be mapped onto a universal dynamic diagram of f/[Rcore3/ν0)1/4] as a function of (Narmν0f)/(Rcore3), where ν0 is the monomeric volume. In this diagram, the two regimes are separated by a line where the hopping potential ΔUhop is equal to the thermal energy, kBT. ΔUhop can be expressed as a function of the overcrowding parameter x (i.e., the ratio of f to the maximum number of unperturbed chains with Narm that can fill the volume occupied by the polymeric corona); hence, this crossing is shown to occur when x = 1. For x > 1, we have colloidal Regime I with an overcrowded volume, stretched arms, and ΔUhop > kBT, while polymeric Regime II is linked to x < 1. This single-material parameter x can provide the needed design principle to tailor the dynamics of this class of soft materials across a wide range of applications from membranes for gas separation to energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Parisi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology and FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Eileen Buenning
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025, United States
| | - Nikolaos Kalafatakis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology and FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Leo Gury
- Department of Materials Science and Technology and FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Brian C Benicewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mario Gauthier
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michel Cloitre
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Thomas Lord Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Sanat K Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025, United States
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Technology and FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
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24
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LaNasa JA, Neuman A, Riggleman RA, Hickey RJ. Investigating Nanoparticle Organization in Polymer Matrices during Reaction-Induced Phase Transitions and Material Processing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42104-42113. [PMID: 34432429 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Controlling nanoparticle organization in polymer matrices has been and is still a long-standing issue and directly impacts the performance of the materials. In the majority of instances, simply mixing nanoparticles and polymers leads to macroscale aggregation, resulting in deleterious effects. An alternative method to physically blending independent components such as nanoparticle and polymers is to conduct polymerizations in one-phase monomer/nanoparticle mixtures. Here, we report on the mechanism of nanoparticle aggregation in hybrid materials in which gold nanoparticles are initially homogeneously dispersed in a monomer mixture and then undergo a two-step aggregation process during polymerization and material processing. Specifically, oleylamine-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are first synthesized in a methyl methacrylate (MMA) solution and then subsequently polymerized by using a free radical polymerization initiated with azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) to create hybrid AuNP and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) materials. The resulting products are easily pressed to obtain bulk films with nanoparticle organization defined as either well-dispersed or aggregated. Polymerizations are performed at various temperatures (T) and MMA volume fractions (ΦMMA) to systematically influence the final nanoparticle dispersion state. During the polymerization of MMA and subsequent material processing, the initially homogeneous AuNP/MMA mixture undergoes macrophase separation between PMMA and oleylamine during the polymerization, yet the AuNP are dispersed in the oleylamine phase. The nanoparticles then aggregate within the oleylamine phase when the materials are processed via vacuum drying and pressing. Nanoparticle organization is tracked throughout the polymerization and processing steps by using a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The resulting dispersion state of AuNPs in PMMA bulk films is ultimately dictated by the thermodynamics of mixing between the PMMA and oleylamine phases, but the mechanism of nanoparticle aggregation occurs in two steps that correspond to the polymerization and processing of the materials. Flory-Huggins mixing theory is used to support the PMMA and oleylamine phase separation. The reported results highlight how the integration of nonequilibrium processing and mean-field approximations reveal nanoparticle aggregation in hybrid materials synthesized by using reaction-induced phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasia Neuman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert A Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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25
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Alabresm A, Chandler SL, Benicewicz BC, Decho AW. Nanotargeting of Resistant Infections with a Special Emphasis on the Biofilm Landscape. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1411-1430. [PMID: 34319073 PMCID: PMC8527872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial compounds is a growing concern in medical and public health circles. Overcoming the adaptable and duplicative resistance mechanisms of bacteria requires chemistry-based approaches. Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) now offer unique advantages toward this effort. However, most in situ infections (in humans) occur as attached biofilms enveloped in a protective surrounding matrix of extracellular polymers, where survival of microbial cells is enhanced. This presents special considerations in the design and deployment of antimicrobials. Here, we review recent efforts to combat resistant bacterial strains using NPs and, then, explore how NP surfaces may be specifically engineered to enhance the potency and delivery of antimicrobial compounds. Special NP-engineering challenges in the design of NPs must be overcome to penetrate the inherent protective barriers of the biofilm and to successfully deliver antimicrobials to bacterial cells. Future challenges are discussed in the development of new antibiotics and their mechanisms of action and targeted delivery via NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjed Alabresm
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
- Department of Biological Development of Shatt Al-Arab & N. Arabian Gulf, Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Savannah L Chandler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Brian C Benicewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
- USC NanoCenter, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Alan W Decho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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26
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Mukherjee S, Streit JK, Gann E, Saurabh K, Sunday DF, Krishnamurthy A, Ganapathysubramanian B, Richter LJ, Vaia RA, DeLongchamp DM. Polarized X-ray scattering measures molecular orientation in polymer-grafted nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4896. [PMID: 34385430 PMCID: PMC8361200 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer chains are attached to nanoparticle surfaces for many purposes, including altering solubility, influencing aggregation, dispersion, and even tailoring immune responses in drug delivery. The most unique structural motif of polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNs) is the high-density region in the corona where polymer chains are stretched under significant confinement, but orientation of these chains has never been measured because conventional nanoscale-resolved measurements lack sensitivity to polymer orientation in amorphous regions. Here, we directly measure local chain orientation in polystyrene grafted gold nanoparticles using polarized resonant soft X-ray scattering (P-RSoXS). Using a computational scattering pattern simulation approach, we measure the thickness of the anisotropic region of the corona and extent of chain orientation within it. These results demonstrate the power of P-RSoXS to discover and quantify orientational aspects of structure in amorphous soft materials and provide a framework for applying this emerging technique to more complex, chemically heterogeneous systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrangsu Mukherjee
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jason K Streit
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA
- UES, Inc., Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Eliot Gann
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Kumar Saurabh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Daniel F Sunday
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Lee J Richter
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Richard A Vaia
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA
| | - Dean M DeLongchamp
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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27
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Wu W, Singh M, Masud A, Wang X, Nallapaneni A, Xiao Z, Zhai Y, Wang Z, Terlier T, Bleuel M, Yuan G, Satija SK, Douglas JF, Matyjaszewski K, Bockstaller MR, Karim A. Control of Phase Morphology of Binary Polymer Grafted Nanoparticle Blend Films via Direct Immersion Annealing. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12042-12056. [PMID: 34255492 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While the phase separation of binary mixtures of chemically different polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNPs) is observed to superficially resemble conventional polymer blends, the presence of a "soft" polymer-grafted layer on the inorganic core of these nanoparticles qualitatively alters the phase separation kinetics of these "nanoblends" from the typical pattern of behavior seen in polymer blends and other simple fluids. We investigate this system using a direct immersion annealing method (DIA) that allows for a facile tuning of the PGNPs phase boundary, phase separation kinetics, and the ultimate scale of phase separation after a sufficient "aging" time. In particular, by switching the DIA solvent composition from a selective one (which increases the interaction parameter according to Timmerman's rule) to an overall good solvent for both PGNP components, we can achieve rapid switchability between phase-separated and homogeneous states. Despite a relatively low and non-classical power-law coarsening exponent, the overall phase separation process is completed on a time scale on the order of a few minutes. Moreover, the roughness of the PGNP blend film saturates at a scale that is proportional to the in-plane phase separation pattern scale, as observed in previous blend and block copolymer film studies. The relatively low magnitude of the coarsening exponent n is attributed to a suppression of hydrodynamic interactions between the PGNPs. The DIA method provides a significant opportunity to control the phase separation morphology of PGNP blends by solution processing, and this method is expected to be quite useful in creating advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Maninderjeet Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Ali Masud
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Xiaoteng Wang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Asritha Nallapaneni
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Zihan Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tanguy Terlier
- SIMS Laboratory, Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Markus Bleuel
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Guangcui Yuan
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sushil K Satija
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alamgir Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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28
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Wessels M, Jayaraman A. Machine Learning Enhanced Computational Reverse Engineering Analysis for Scattering Experiments (CREASE) to Determine Structures in Amphiphilic Polymer Solutions. ACS POLYMERS AU 2021; 1:153-164. [PMID: 36855654 PMCID: PMC9954245 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we present a machine learning enhancement for our recently developed "Computational Reverse Engineering Analysis for Scattering Experiments" (CREASE) method to accelerate analysis of results from small angle scattering (SAS) experiments on polymer materials. We demonstrate this novel artificial neural network (NN) enhanced CREASE approach for analyzing scattering results from amphiphilic polymer solutions that can be easily extended and applied for scattering experiments on other polymer and soft matter systems. We had originally developed CREASE to analyze SAS results [i.e., intensity profiles, I(q) vs q] of amphiphilic polymer solutions exhibiting unconventional assembled structures and/or novel polymer chemistries for which traditional fits using off-the-shelf analytical models would be too approximate/inapplicable. In this paper, we demonstrate that the NN-enhancement to the genetic algorithm (GA) step in the CREASE approach improves the speed and, in some cases, the accuracy of the GA step in determining the dimensions of the complex assembled structures for a given experimental scattering profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel
G. Wessels
- Colburn
Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Colburn
Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States,Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States,
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29
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Lettow JH, Kaplan RY, Nealey PF, Rowan SJ. Enhanced Ion Conductivity through Hydrated, Polyelectrolyte-Grafted Cellulose Nanocrystal Films. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James H. Lettow
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Richard Y. Kaplan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Chemical and Engineering Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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30
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Ushakova AS, Lazutin AA, Vasilevskaya VV. Flowerlike Multipetal Structures of Nanoparticles Decorated by Amphiphilic Homopolymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S. Ushakova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova ul., 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexei A. Lazutin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova ul., 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
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31
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32
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Sattar MA. Interface Structure and Dynamics in Polymer‐Nanoparticle Hybrids: A Review on Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Improved Interfaces. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdul Sattar
- R&D Centre MRF Limited Chennai 600019 India
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
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33
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Li TH, Yadav V, Conrad JC, Robertson ML. Effect of Dispersity on the Conformation of Spherical Polymer Brushes. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:518-524. [PMID: 35570760 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We show that dispersity (D̵) markedly alters the conformation of spherical polymer brushes. The average lengths (lb) of poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) brushes of varying D̵ grafted to nanoparticles were measured using dynamic light scattering. In the semidilute polymer brush (SDPB) regime, the lb of PtBA and polymers from earlier studies of various D̵ could be cleanly collapsed onto a master curve as a function of the scaling variable Nwσ1/3, where Nw is the weight-average degree of polymerization and σ is the grafting density. In the concentrated polymer brush (CPB) regime, however, lb collapsed onto a bifurcated curve as a function of the scaling variable Nwσ1/2, indicating D̵ more strongly affects the average length of brushes with low Nwσ1/2. We propose that the stretching of the stem near the particle surface due to interchain interactions in the CPB regime leads to greater lb in broad dispersity brushes of low but not high Nwσ1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Han Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Vivek Yadav
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Jacinta C. Conrad
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Megan L. Robertson
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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34
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Gun'ko VM. Polymer Adsorbents vs. Functionalized Oxides and Carbons: Particulate Morphology and Textural and SurfaceCharacteristics. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1249. [PMID: 33921494 PMCID: PMC8069040 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Various methods for morphological, textural, and structural characterization of polymeric, carbon, and oxide adsorbents have been developed and well described. However, there are ways to improve the quantitative information extraction from experimental data for describing complex sorbents and polymer fillers. This could be based not only on probe adsorption and electron microscopies (TEM, SEM) but also on small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), cryoporometry, relaxometry, thermoporometry, quasi-elastic light scattering, Raman and infrared spectroscopies, and other methods. To effectively extract information on complex materials, it is important to use appropriate methods to treat the data with adequate physicomathematical models that accurately describe the dependences of these data on pressure, concentration, temperature, and other parameters, and effective computational programs. It is shown that maximum accurate characterization of complex materials is possible if several complemented methods are used in parallel, e.g., adsorption and SAXS with self-consistent regularization procedures (giving pore size (PSD), pore wall thickness (PWTD) or chord length (CLD), and particle size (PaSD) distribution functions, the specific surface area of open and closed pores, etc.), TEM/SEM images with quantitative treatments (giving the PaSD, PSD, and PWTD functions), as well as cryo- and thermoporometry, relaxometry, X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopies (giving information on the behavior of the materials under different conditions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr M Gun'ko
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, 17 General Naumov Street, 03164 Kyiv, Ukraine
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35
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Sgouros AP, Revelas CJ, Lakkas AT, Theodorou DN. Potential of Mean Force between Bare or Grafted Silica/Polystyrene Surfaces from Self-Consistent Field Theory. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1197. [PMID: 33917245 PMCID: PMC8068000 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate single and opposing silica plates, either bare of grafted, in contact with vacuum or melt phases, using self-consistent field theory. Solid-polymer and solid-solid nonbonded interactions are described by means of a Hamaker potential, in conjunction with a ramp potential. The cohesive nonbonded interactions are described by the Sanchez-Lacombe or the Helfand free energy densities. We first build our thermodynamic reference by examining single surfaces, either bare or grafted, under various wetting conditions in terms of the corresponding contact angles, the macroscopic wetting functions (i.e., the work of cohesion, adhesion, spreading and immersion), the interfacial free energies and brush thickness. Subsequently, we derive the potential of mean force (PMF) of two approaching bare plates with melt between them, each time varying the wetting conditions. We then determine the PMF between two grafted silica plates separated by a molten polystyrene film. Allowing the grafting density and the molecular weight of grafted chains to vary between the two plates, we test how asymmetries existing in a real system could affect steric stabilization induced by the grafted chains. Additionally, we derive the PMF between two grafted surfaces in vacuum and determine how the equilibrium distance between the two grafted plates is influenced by their grafting density and the molecular weight of grafted chains. Finally, we provide design rules for the steric stabilization of opposing grafted surfaces (or fine nanoparticles) by taking account of the grafting density, the chain length of the grafted and matrix chains, and the asymmetry among the opposing surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotelis P. Sgouros
- Correspondence: (A.P.S.); (D.N.T.); Tel.: +30-210-772-3216 (A.P.S.); +30-210-772-3157 (D.N.T.)
| | | | | | - Doros N. Theodorou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece; (C.J.R.); (A.T.L.)
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36
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Groult H, Carregal-Romero S, Castejón D, Azkargorta M, Miguel-Coello AB, Pulagam KR, Gómez-Vallejo V, Cousin R, Muñoz-Caffarel M, Lawrie CH, Llop J, Piot JM, Elortza F, Maugard T, Ruiz-Cabello J, Fruitier-Arnaudin I. Heparin length in the coating of extremely small iron oxide nanoparticles regulates in vivo theranostic applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:842-861. [PMID: 33351869 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The positive contrast of extremely small iron oxide nanoparticles (ESIONP) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) rejuvenates this class of metal nanoparticles (NP).Yet, the current synthesis often lacks the possibility of adjusting the core size (while it is a key element for ESIONP-based MRI contrast behaviour), and also involved multiple complex steps before obtaining a ready-to-use probe for medical applications. In this study, we faced these challenges by applying heparin oligosaccharides (HO) of different lengths as coatings for the preparation of HEP-ESIONP with a one-pot microwave method. We demonstrated that the HO length could control the core size during the synthesis to achieve optimal positive MRI contrast, and that HEP-ESIONP were endowed directly with anticoagulant properties and/or a specific antitumor activity, according to the HO used. Relevantly, positron emission tomography (PET)-based in vivo biodistribution study conducted with 68Ga core-doped HEP-ESIONP analogues revealed significant changes in the probe behaviours, the shortening of HO promoting a shift from hepatic to renal clearance. The different conformations of HO coatings and a thorough in vitro characterisation of the probes' protein coronas provided insight into this crucial impact of HO length on opsonization-mediated immune response and elimination. Overall, we were able to identify a precise HO length to get an ESIONP probe showing prolonged vascular lifetime and moderate accumulation in a tumor xenograft, balanced with a low uptake by non-specific organs and favourable urinary clearance. This probe met all prerequisites for advanced theranostic medical applications with a dual MRI/PET hot spot capability and potential antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Groult
- BCBS team (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), LIENSs Laboratory (Littoral environment et Sociétés), UMR CNRS 7266, University of La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France.
| | - Susana Carregal-Romero
- CIC biomaGUNE and Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain. and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Castejón
- Unidad de RMN - CAI Bioimagen Complutense, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Science and Technology, Derio, Spain
| | - Ana-Beatriz Miguel-Coello
- CIC biomaGUNE and Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Krishna Reddy Pulagam
- CIC biomaGUNE and Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Vanessa Gómez-Vallejo
- CIC biomaGUNE and Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Rémi Cousin
- BCBS team (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), LIENSs Laboratory (Littoral environment et Sociétés), UMR CNRS 7266, University of La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France.
| | - María Muñoz-Caffarel
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain and Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Charles H Lawrie
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain and Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC biomaGUNE and Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain. and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Marie Piot
- BCBS team (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), LIENSs Laboratory (Littoral environment et Sociétés), UMR CNRS 7266, University of La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France.
| | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Science and Technology, Derio, Spain
| | - Thierry Maugard
- BCBS team (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), LIENSs Laboratory (Littoral environment et Sociétés), UMR CNRS 7266, University of La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France.
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- CIC biomaGUNE and Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain. and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain and Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain and Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingrid Fruitier-Arnaudin
- BCBS team (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), LIENSs Laboratory (Littoral environment et Sociétés), UMR CNRS 7266, University of La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France.
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37
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Wessels MG, Jayaraman A. Computational Reverse-Engineering Analysis of Scattering Experiments (CREASE) on Amphiphilic Block Polymer Solutions: Cylindrical and Fibrillar Assembly. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel G. Wessels
- Colburn Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Colburn Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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38
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Recent Advances in Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Polyethylene and Polyvinylchloride for Power Cables. MATERIALS 2020; 14:ma14010066. [PMID: 33375660 PMCID: PMC7795037 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites used in underground cables have been of great interest to researchers over the past 10 years. Their preparation and the dispersion of the nanoparticles through the polymer host matrix are the key factors leading to their enhanced dielectric properties. Their important dielectric properties are breakdown strength, permittivity, conductivity, dielectric loss, space charge accumulation, tracking, and erosion, and partial discharge. An overview of recent advances in polymer nanocomposites based on LDPE, HDPE, XLPE, and PVC is presented, focusing on their preparation and electrical properties.
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39
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Kinsey T, Mapesa EU, Wang W, Hong K, Mays J, Kilbey SM, Sangoro J. Effects of Asymmetric Molecular Architecture on Chain Stretching and Dynamics in Miktoarm Star Copolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kinsey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Emmanuel Urandu Mapesa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jimmy Mays
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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40
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Chen Z, Li D, Wan H, Liu M, Liu J. Unsupervised machine learning methods for polymer nanocomposites data via molecular dynamics simulation. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1851028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhudan Chen
- Institute of Automation, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dazi Li
- Institute of Automation, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixiao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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41
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Kato R, Lettow JH, Patel SN, Rowan SJ. Ion-Conducting Thermoresponsive Films Based on Polymer-Grafted Cellulose Nanocrystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:54083-54093. [PMID: 33201676 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically robust, thermoresponsive, ion-conducting nanocomposite films are prepared from poly(2-phenylethyl methacrylate)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (MxG-CNC-g-PPMA). One-component nanocomposite films of the polymer-grafted nanoparticle (PGN) MxG-CNC-g-PPMA are imbibed with 30 wt % imidazolium-based ionic liquid to produce flexible ion-conducting films. These films with 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (MxG-CNC-g-PPMA/[H]) not only display remarkable improvements in toughness (>25 times) and tensile strength (>70 times) relative to the corresponding films consisting of the ionic liquid imbibed in the two-component CNC/PPMA nanocomposite but also show higher ionic conductivity than the corresponding neat PPMA with the same weight percent of ionic liquid. Notably, the one-component film containing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (MxG-CNC-g-PPMA/[E]) exhibits temperature-responsive ionic conduction. The ionic conductivity decreases at around 60 °C as a consequence of the lower critical solution temperature phase transition of the grafted polymer in the ionic liquid, which leads to phase separation. Moreover, holding the MxG-CNC-g-PPMA/[E] film at room temperature for 24 h returns the film to its original homogenous state. These materials exhibit properties relevant to thermal cutoff safety devices (e.g., thermal fuse) where a reduction in conductivity above a critical temperature is needed.
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42
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Liu C, Feng S, Zhu Z, Chen Q, Noh K, Kotaki M, Sue HJ. Manipulation of Fracture Behavior of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanocomposites by Interfacial Design of a Metal-Organic-Framework Nanoparticle Toughener. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:11938-11947. [PMID: 32940475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial region between nanoparticles and polymer matrix plays a critical role in influencing the mechanical behavior of polymer nanocomposites. In this work, a set of model systems based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix containing poly(alkyl glycidyl ether) brushes grafted on 50 nm metal-organic-framework (MOF) nanoparticles were synthesized and investigated. By systematically increasing the polymer brush length and graft density on the MOF nanoparticles, the fracture behavior of PMMA/MOF nanocomposite changes from forming only a few large crazes to generating massive crazing and to undergoing shear banding, which results in significant improvement in fracture toughness. The implication of the present finding for the interfacial design of the nanoparticles for the development of high-performance, multifunctional polymer nanocomposites is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Polymer Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Sinan Feng
- Polymer Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Zewen Zhu
- Polymer Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Qihui Chen
- Polymer Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Kwanghae Noh
- Polymer Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Masaya Kotaki
- Kaneka US Materials Research Center, Fremont, California 94555, United States
| | - Hung-Jue Sue
- Polymer Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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43
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LaNasa JA, Hickey RJ. Surface-Initiated Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: A Method for Synthesizing Polymer-Functionalized Nanoparticles Exhibiting Semicrystalline Properties and Diverse Macromolecular Architectures. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. LaNasa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Robert J. Hickey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
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44
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Muzata TS, L JP, Bose S. Nanoparticles influence miscibility in LCST polymer blends: from fundamental perspective to current applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20167-20188. [PMID: 32966418 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01814g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymer blending is an effective method that can be used to fabricate new versatile materials with enhanced properties. The blending of two polymers can result in either a miscible or an immiscible polymer blend system. This present review provides an in-depth summary of the miscibility of LCST polymer blend systems, an area that has garnered much attention in the past few years. The initial discourse of the present review mainly focuses on process-induced changes in the miscibility of polymer blend systems, and how the preparation of polymer blends affects their final properties. This review further highlights how nanoparticles induce miscibility and describes the various methods that can be implemented to avoid nanoparticle aggregation. The concepts and different state-of-the-art experimental methods which can be used to determine miscibility in polymer blends are also highlighted. Lastly, the importance of studying miscible polymer blends is extensively explored by looking at their importance in barrier materials, EMI shielding, corrosion protection, light-emitting diodes, gas separation, and lithium battery applications. The primary goal of this review is to cover the journey from the fundamental aspects of miscible polymer blends to their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyaradzwa S Muzata
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Jagadeshvaran P L
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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45
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Zhu T, Rahman MA, Benicewicz BC. Synthesis of Well-Defined Polyolefin Grafted SiO 2 Nanoparticles with Molecular Weight and Graft Density Control. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1255-1260. [PMID: 35638619 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in surface-initiated polymerization have given rise to a range of brush nanocomposites and hybrid functional materials. However, the synthesis of pure polyolefin-grafted nanocomposites by surface-initiated ring-opening metathesis polymerization (SI-ROMP) is a significant challenge due to the particle aggregation and irreversible particle coupling. This study presents a synthetic approach toward well-defined poly(cyclooctene)- and polyethylene-grafted nanoparticles by tethering Grubbs third generation catalyst on the particle surface and initiating the polymerization in a rapid manner. This work also serves as a template to prepare other hairy nanoparticles and functions as a basis toward understanding their thermomechanical behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Md Anisur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Brian C. Benicewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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46
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Thompson CB, Korley LTJ. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Engineering Supramolecular Materials for Responsive Applications-Design and Functionality. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1198-1216. [PMID: 35638621 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers allow access to dynamic materials, where noncovalent interactions can be used to offer both enhanced material toughness and stimuli-responsiveness. The versatility of self-assembly has enabled these supramolecular motifs to be incorporated into a wide array of glassy and elastomeric materials; moreover, the interaction of these noncovalent motifs with their environment has shown to be a convenient platform for controlling material properties. In this Viewpoint, supramolecular polymers are examined through their self-assembly chemistries, approaches that can be used to control their self-assembly (e.g., covalent cross-links, nanofillers, etc.), and how the strategic application of supramolecular polymers can be used as a platform for designing the next generation of smart materials. This Viewpoint provides an overview of the aspects that have garnered interest in supramolecular polymer chemistry, while also highlighting challenges faced and innovations developed by researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase B. Thompson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 127 The Green, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - LaShanda T. J. Korley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 127 The Green, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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47
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Kim YG, Thérien-Aubin H. Impact of the Solvent Quality on the Local Dynamics of Soft and Swollen Polymer Nanoparticles Functionalized with Polymer Chains. Macromolecules 2020; 53:7561-7569. [PMID: 32921813 PMCID: PMC7482391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Grafting polymer chains on the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) is a strategy used to control the interaction between the NPs and their environment. The fate of the resulting particles in a given environment is strongly influenced by the solvent-polymer interaction. The solvent quality affects the behavior, conformation, and dynamics of the grafted polymer chains. However, when this polymer grafting strategy is used to functionalized polymer particles, the influence of solvent quality becomes even more complex; when the grafted polymer chains and the polymer nanoparticles are tethered together, the effect of the solvent quality on the behavior and dynamics of the system depends on the solvent interaction with both polymer components. To explore the relationship between the solvent quality and the dynamics of polymer-functionalized soft polymer NPs, we designed a system based on cross-linked polystyrene (PS) NPs grafted with a canopy of poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA). PS and PMA, two immiscible polymers, can be selectively solvated by using binary mixtures of solvents. NMR spectroscopy was used to address the effect of those selective solvents on the local mobility of the PS-PMA core-canopy NPs and revealed an interplay between the local mobility of the core and the local mobility of the canopy. A selective reduction of the solvent quality for the PMA canopy resulted in the expected reduction of the local mobility of the PMA chains, but also in the slower dynamics of the PS core. Similarly, a selective reduction of the solvent quality for the PS core resulted in a slower dynamics for both the PS core and the PMA canopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Gon Kim
- Max Planck Institute for
Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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48
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Kim YG, Wichaita W, Thérien-Aubin H. Influence of the Architecture of Soft Polymer-Functionalized Polymer Nanoparticles on Their Dynamics in Suspension. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1844. [PMID: 32824574 PMCID: PMC7465671 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The behavior of nanogels in suspension can be dramatically affected by the grafting of a canopy of end-tethered polymer chains. The architecture of the interfacial layer, defined by the grafting density and length of the polymer chains, is a crucial parameter in defining the conformation and influencing the dynamics of the grafted chains. However, the influence of this architecture when the core substrate is itself soft and mobile is complex; the dynamics of the core influences the dynamics of the tethered chains, and, conversely, the dynamics of the tethered chains can influence the dynamics of the core. Here, poly(styrene) (PS) particles were functionalized with poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) chains and swollen in a common solvent. NMR relaxation reveals that the confinement influences the mobility of the grafted chain more prominently for densely grafted short chains. The correlation time associated with the relaxation of the PMA increased by more than 20% when the grafting density increased for short chains, but for less than 10% for long chains. This phenomenon is likely due to the steric hindrance created by the close proximity to the rigid core and of the neighboring chains. More interestingly, a thick layer of a densely grafted PMA canopy efficiently increases the local mobility of the PS cores, with a reduction of the correlation time of more than 30%. These results suggest an interplay between the dynamics of the core and the dynamics of the canopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Héloïse Thérien-Aubin
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.-G.K.); (W.W.)
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49
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Prince E, Narayanan P, Chekini M, Pace-Tonna C, Roberts MG, Zhulina E, Kumacheva E. Solvent-Mediated Isolation of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Prince
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Pournima Narayanan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mahshid Chekini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Carleigh Pace-Tonna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Megan G. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Zhulina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 4 Taddle Creek Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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50
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Golkaram M, van Ruymbeke E, Portale G, Loos K. Supramolecular Polymer Brushes: Influence of Molecular Weight and Cross-Linking on Linear Viscoelastic Behavior. Macromolecules 2020; 53:4810-4820. [PMID: 32595235 PMCID: PMC7315638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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The
origin of unique rheological response in supramolecular brush
polymers is investigated using different polymer chemistries (poly(methyl
acrylate) (PmA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)), topologies (linear
or star), and molecular weights. A recently developed hydrogen-bonding
moiety (1-(6-isocyanatohexyl)-3-(7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-urea)
(ODIN) was coupled to PmAs and PEGs to form supramolecular brush polymers,
the backbone of which is formed by the associated moieties. At low
molecular weights of monofunctionalized polymers (both PmA and PEG),
the formed brushes are mostly composed of a thick backbone (with very
short arms) and are surrounded by other similar brush polymers, which
prevent them from diffusing and relaxing. Therefore, the monofunctionalized
PmA with a low Mn does not show terminal
flow even at the highest experimentally studied temperature (or at
longest time scales). By increasing the length of the chains, supramolecular
brushes with longer arms are obtained. Due to their lower density
of thick backbones, these last ones have more space to move and their
relaxation is therefore enhanced. In this work, we show that despite
similarities between covalent and transient brush polymers, the elastic
response in the latter does not originate from the brush entanglements
with a large Me (entanglement molecular
weight), but it rather stems from the impenetrable rigid backbone
and caging effect similar to the one described for hyperstars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Golkaram
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelyne van Ruymbeke
- Bio- and Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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