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El Hamzaoui A, Lamtai M, El Brouzi MY, Azirar S, Rezqaoui A, Zghari O, El Aoufi M, Nouar R, El-Hessni A, Mesfioui A. Melatonin attenuates affective disorders and cognitive deficits induced by perinatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide via antioxidant pathway in adult male and female rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39224983 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The massive use of herbicides, particularly glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), raises several worries, notably their neurotoxic effects. Several studies have explored the consequences of developmental exposure. Our work aims to determine the impact of maternal exposure to GBH on behavioral disorders and memory deficits, as well as the involvement of oxidative stress in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In addition, our study explores the neuroprotective properties of melatonin in male and female offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were injected with GBH 75 mg/kg during gestation and lactation. After weaning, the offspring were treated with melatonin (4 mg/kg) from postnatal days 30-58. Our results show that GBH increases anxiety-like behavior levels in offspring, as well as depression-like behavior. GBH also impairs working memory in progeny. While markers of oxidative stress show a disturbance in lipid peroxidation and catalase activity, with a more pronounced effect in females, on the other hand, melatonin considerably attenuated the neurotoxic impact observed in the offspring, with higher efficacy in females. The oxidative stress results confirm the antioxidant power of melatonin to counteract the damaging effects of exposure to environmental contaminants such as glyphosate-based pesticides. It will then be interesting to further our work to fully understand the sex-dependent effect of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelghafour El Hamzaoui
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Mouloud Lamtai
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Yassine El Brouzi
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Sofia Azirar
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Rezqaoui
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Oussama Zghari
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Mustapha El Aoufi
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Rihab Nouar
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Aboubaker El-Hessni
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Abdelhalem Mesfioui
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
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Abdelrahman RE, Hassan MS, Morgan AM, Ibrahim MA, Hassanen EI. Acetamiprid induces cardiotoxicity in rats by dysregulating α7 nAChR and its downstream targets: The ameliorative role of resveratrol. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 191:114892. [PMID: 39067744 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Acetamiprid (ACP) is a novel neonicotinoid insecticide used for controlling insect pests. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol that possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions. The current research explores the mechanism of ACP-induced cardiotoxicity and the alleviative effects of RSV. Male rats were allocated to four groups of ten each. Rats were treated daily for 90 days via oral route. Control rats received distilled water, ACP rats received 25 mg acetamiprid/kg, RSV rats received 20 mg resveratrol/kg and ACP + RSV rats received both ACP and RSV. ACP exposure increased serum creatine phosphokinase activity and cardiac troponin level. It also induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by the glutathione reduction, and malondialdehyde elevation, as well as the detrimental histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in the myocardium. Gene expression analysis revealed down-regulation in the mRNA expression of the survival-related genes α7 nAChR, Erk and Bcl-2, and up-regulation in the apoptosis-related genes Jnk, Bax and Caspase-3. Conversely, the concomitant administration of ACP with RSV alleviated most of the aforementioned toxic impacts. It can be concluded that ACP induces cardiotoxicity by dysregulating the mRNA expression of α7 nAChR and its downstream targets. Additionally, RSV is proved to be a promising ameliorative agent against ACP-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab E Abdelrahman
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Hassan
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M Morgan
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman I Hassanen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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3
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Abdelrahman RE, Hassan MS, Ibrahim MA, Morgan AM. Mechanistic insights into acetamiprid-induced genotoxicity on the myocardium and potential ameliorative role of resveratrol. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 110:104526. [PMID: 39111560 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the genotoxic impacts of the insecticide acetamiprid (ACP) on the myocardium and assess the ameliorative role of resveratrol (RSV). Male rats (10/group) were treated via oral route for 90 days: control; ACP (25 mg/kg); RSV (20 mg/kg); ACP+RSV. Peripheral blood micronucleus test, oxidative stress analysis, comet assay, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and gene expression assessment were performed. The findings revealed that ACP has myocardial genotoxic effects, as demonstrated by increased micronucleus and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation and increased all comet parameters. Oxidative stress analysis demonstrated that ACP elevated H2O2 and NO levels while decreasing catalase and GST activities. Acetamiprid dysregulated the expression of genes related to oxidative stress and DNA damage response. However, RSV co-treatment resulted in significant protection against these genotoxic impacts. Resveratrol reduced DNA damage and restored the oxidative balance in the myocardium. Moreover, RSV modulated the Nrf2/HO-1 and Atm/P53 pathways, potentiating antioxidant defense and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab E Abdelrahman
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Hassan
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M Morgan
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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4
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Mathias F, Anthony E, Christelle R, Gaëlle L, Benoît P, Marine C, Pascal F, Joëlle D. Chronic dietary exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide alters ovarian functions in young female broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103767. [PMID: 38718536 PMCID: PMC11097068 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY)-based herbicide (GBH) formulations are widely used pesticides in agriculture. The European Union recently decided to extend the use of GLY in Europe until 2034. Previously, we showed that chronic dietary GBH exposure in adult hens resulted in a reversible increase in early mortality in chicken embryos. In this present study, we investigated the GBH effects on metabolism and ovarian functions by using a transcriptomic approach in vivo in young female broilers and in vitro in ovarian explant cultures. We exposed 11-day-old female broilers to 13 mg GLY equivalent/kg body weight/d (GBH13, n = 20), 34 mg GLY equivalent/kg body weight/d (GBH34, n = 20), or a standard diet (control [CT], n = 20) for 25 d. These 2 GBH concentrations correspond to approximatively one-eighth and one-third of the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) as defined by European Food Safety Authority in birds. During this period, we evaluated body weight, fattening, food intake, and the weight of organs (including the ovaries). Chronic dietary GBH exposure dose dependently reduced food intake, body weight, and fattening, but increased oxidative stress and relative ovary weight. We analyzed the ovarian gene expression profile in CT, GBH13, and GBH34 broilers with RNA sequencing and showed that differentially expressed genes are mainly enriched in pathways related to cholesterol metabolism, steroidogenesis, and RNA processing. With quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, we confirmed that GBH decreased ovarian STAR and CYP19A1 messenger RNA and protein expression, respectively. Furthermore, we confirmed that GBH altered steroid production in ovarian explants. We have identified potential regulatory networks associated with GBH. These data provide valuable support for understanding the ovarian transcriptional regulatory mechanism of GBH in growing broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freville Mathias
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Estienne Anthony
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Ramé Christelle
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Lefort Gaëlle
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Piégu Benoît
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Chahnamian Marine
- Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT 1295, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Froment Pascal
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Dupont Joëlle
- Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT 1295, Nouzilly F-37380, France.
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Mohammadi S, Moghadam MD, Nasiriasl M, Akhzari M, Barazesh M. Insights into the Therapeutic and Pharmacological Properties of Resveratrol as a Nutraceutical Antioxidant Polyphenol in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2024; 19:327-354. [PMID: 38192151 DOI: 10.2174/0127724328268507231218051058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3, 5, 4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic derivative with herbal origin. It has attracted considerable attention in recent decades. Many studies have revealed the benefits of Resveratrol over several human disease models, including heart and neurological diseases, nephroprotective, immune regulation, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, age-related diseases, antiviral, and anticancer in experimental and clinical conditions. Recently, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Resveratrol have been observed, and it has been shown that Resveratrol reduces inflammatory biomarkers, such as tissue degradation factor, cyclooxygenase 2, nitric oxide synthase, and interleukins. All of these activities appear to be dependent on its structural properties, such as the number and position of the hydroxyl group, which regulates oxidative stress, cell death, and inflammation. Resveratrol is well tolerated and safe even at higher pharmacological doses and desirably affects cardiovascular, neurological, and diabetic diseases. Consequently, it is plausible that Resveratrol can be regarded as a beneficial nutritional additive and a complementary drug, particularly for therapeutic applications. The present review provides an overview of currently available investigations on preventive and therapeutic characteristics and the main molecular mechanisms of Resveratrol and its potent derivatives in various diseases. Thus, this review would enhance knowledge and information about Resveratrol and encourage researchers worldwide to consider it as a pharmaceutical drug to struggle with future health crises against different human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Dalaei Moghadam
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Nasiriasl
- Radiology Department, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Morteza Akhzari
- School of Nursing, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Barazesh
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
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6
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Salama MA, Alabiad MA, Saleh AA. Impact of resveratrol and zinc on biomarkers of oxidative stress induced by Trichinella spiralis infection. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e100. [PMID: 38099459 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a re-emerging worldwide foodborne zoonosis. Oxidative stress is one of the most common detrimental effects caused by trichinellosis. In addition, Trichinella infection poses an infinite and major challenge to the host's immune system. Resistance and side effects limit the efficiency of the existing anti-trichinella medication. Given that concern, this work aimed to investigate the anti-helminthic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of resveratrol and zinc during both phases of Trichinella spiralis infection. Sixty-four Swiss albino mice were divided into four equal groups: non-infected control, infected control, infected and treated with resveratrol, and infected and treated with zinc. Animals were sacrificed on the 7th and 35th days post-infection for intestinal and muscular phase assessments. Drug efficacy was assessed by biochemical, parasitological, histopathological, immunological, and immunohistochemical assays. Resveratrol and zinc can be promising antiparasitic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory agents, as evidenced by the significant decrease in parasite burden, the significant improvement of liver and kidney function parameters, the increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) level, the increase in nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like-2 factor expression, and the improvement in histopathological findings. Moreover, both drugs enhanced the immune system and restored the disturbed immune balance by increasing the interleukin 12 (IL-12) level. In conclusion, resveratrol and zinc provide protection for the host against oxidative harm and the detrimental effects produced by the host's defense response during Trichinella spiralis infection, making them promising natural alternatives for the treatment of trichinellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Salama
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - M A Alabiad
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - A A Saleh
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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7
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Rana I, Nguyen PK, Rigutto G, Louie A, Lee J, Smith MT, Zhang L. Mapping the key characteristics of carcinogens for glyphosate and its formulations: A systematic review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139572. [PMID: 37474029 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate was classified as a probable human carcinogen (Group 2A) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) partially due to strong mechanistic evidence in 2015. Since then, numerous studies of glyphosate and its formulations (GBF) have emerged. These studies can be evaluated for cancer hazard identification with the newly described ten key characteristics (KC) of carcinogens approach. Our objective was to assess all in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro mechanistic studies of human and experimental animals (mammals) that compared exposure to glyphosate/GBF with low/no exposure counterparts for evidence of the ten KCs. A protocol with our methods adhering to PRISMA guidelines was registered a priori (INPLASY202180045). Two blinded reviewers screened all in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies of glyphosate/GBF exposure in humans/mammals reporting any KC-related outcome available in PubMed before August 2021. Studies that met inclusion criteria underwent data extraction conducted in duplicate for each KC outcome reported along with key aspects of internal/external validity, results, and reference information. These data were used to construct a matrix that was subsequently analyzed in the program R to conduct strength of evidence and quality assessments. Of the 2537 articles screened, 175 articles met inclusion criteria, from which we extracted >50,000 data points related to KC outcomes. Data analysis revealed strong evidence for KC2, KC4, KC5, KC6, KC8, limited evidence for KC1 and KC3, and inadequate evidence for KC7, KC9, and KC10. Notably, our in-depth quality analyses of genotoxicity (KC2) and endocrine disruption (KC8) revealed strong and consistent positive findings. For KC2, we found: 1) studies conducted in humans and human cells provided stronger positive evidence than counterpart animal models; 2) GBF elicited a stronger effect in both human and animal systems when compared to glyphosate alone; and 3) the highest quality studies in humans and human cells consistently revealed strong evidence of genotoxicity. Our analysis of KC8 indicated that glyphosate's ability to modulate hormone levels and estrogen receptor activity is sensitive to both exposure concentration and formulation. The modulations observed provide clear evidence that glyphosate interacts with receptors, alters receptor activation, and modulates the levels and effects of endogenous ligands (including hormones). Our findings strengthen the mechanistic evidence that glyphosate is a probable human carcinogen and provide biological plausibility for previously reported cancer associations in humans, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We identified potential molecular interactions and subsequent key events that were used to generate a probable pathway to lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iemaan Rana
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Patton K Nguyen
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Gabrielle Rigutto
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Allen Louie
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jane Lee
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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Nechalioti PM, Karampatzakis T, Mesnage R, Antoniou MN, Ibragim M, Tsatsakis A, Docea AO, Nepka C, Kouretas D. Evaluation of perinatal exposure of glyphosate and its mixture with 2,4-D and dicamba οn liver redox status in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115906. [PMID: 37062480 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Wide-scale emergence of glyphosate-resistant weeds has led to an increase in the simultaneous application of herbicide mixtures exacerbated by the introduction of crops tolerant to glyphosate plus dicamba or glyphosate plus 2,4-D. This raises serious concerns regarding the environmental and health risks resulting from increased exposure to a mixture of herbicide active ingredients. We evaluated hepatotoxic effects following perinatal exposure to glyphosate alone or in combination with 2,4-D and dicamba from gestational day-6 until adulthood in Wistar rats. Animals were administered with glyphosate at the European Union (EU) acceptable daily intake (ADI; 0.5 mg/kg bw/day) and no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL; 50 mg/kg bw/day). A mixture of glyphosate with 2,4-D (0.3 mg/kg bw/day) and dicamba (0.02 mg/kg bw/day) with each at their EU ADI was evaluated. Redox status was determined by measuring levels of reduced glutathione, decomposition rate of Η2Ο2, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, thiobarbituric reactive substances, and protein carbonyls. Gene expression analysis of Nr1d1, Nr1d2, Clec2g, Ier3, and Gadd45g associated with oxidative damage to DNA, was also performed. Analysis of liver samples showed that exposure to the mixture of the three herbicides induced a marked increase in the concentration of glutathione and malondialdehyde indicative of a disturbance in redox balance. Nevertheless, the effect of increased lipid peroxidation was not discernible following a 3-month recuperation period where animals were withdrawn from pesticide exposure post-weaning. Interestingly, toxic effects caused by prenatal exposure to the glyphosate NOAEL were present after the same 3-month recovery period. No statistically significant changes in the expression of genes linked with genotoxicity were observed. Our findings reinforce the importance of assessing the combined effects of chemical pollutants at doses that are asserted by regulatory agencies to be safe individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi-Maria Nechalioti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Thomas Karampatzakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Robin Mesnage
- King's College London, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- King's College London, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mariam Ibragim
- King's College London, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Charitini Nepka
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
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de Batista DG, de Batista EG, Miragem AA, Ludwig MS, Heck TG. Disturbance of cellular calcium homeostasis plays a pivotal role in glyphosate-based herbicide-induced oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:9082-9102. [PMID: 36441326 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most worldwide used pesticides. The wide application of GBHs contaminates the soil and, consequently, water and food resources reaching human consumption. GBHs induce oxidative stress in non-target organisms, leading to a pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic cellular status, promoting tissue dysfunction and, thus, metabolic and neurobehavioral changes. This review presents evidence of oxidative damage induced by GBHs and the mechanism of cell damage and health consequences. To summarize, exposure to GBHs may induce disorders in calcium homeostasis related to the activation of ion channels. Also, alterations in pathways related to redox state regulation must have a primordial role in oxidative stress caused by GBHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diovana Gelati de Batista
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Ijuí, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Ijuí, Brazil.
- Research Group in Cell Stress Response, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Farroupilha, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Santa Rosa, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Ijuí, Brazil.
| | - Edivania Gelati de Batista
- Research Group in Cell Stress Response, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Farroupilha, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Santa Rosa, Brazil
| | - Antônio Azambuja Miragem
- Research Group in Cell Stress Response, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Farroupilha, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Santa Rosa, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Ijuí, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Ijuí, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Ijuí, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Ijuí, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Ijuí, Brazil
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10
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Zemheri-Navruz F, Ince S, Arslan-Acaroz D, Acaroz U, Demirel HH, Demirkapi EN. Resveratrol alleviates pyraclostrobin-induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:6414-6423. [PMID: 35996050 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyraclostrobin (Pyra) is a fungicide in the strobilurin class and has proven to be very toxic to organisms primarily aquatic species. Resveratrol (Res) is a phytoalexin that exhibits multiple bioactivities as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular protective, and anti-aging and is found in plant species such as mulberry, peanut, and grape. This study aimed to determine the protective effect of Res against Pyra-induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in rats. For this purpose, a total of 48 male rats divided into 6 groups - 8 in each group - were exposed to 30 mg/kg Pyra by oral gavage once a day for 30 days and to three different concentrations of Res (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) together with Pyra. Pyra administration increased liver enzyme parameters and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels whereas decreased glutathione (GSH) levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Also, Pyra treatment increased pro-apoptotic (Bax), apoptotic (Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9), pro-inflammatory (NFκB), cancer (CYP2E1), and cell regulatory (p53) gene expressions and decreased anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) gene expression in the liver. Furthermore, DNA damage in blood and histopathological changes in the liver and kidney were observed with Pyra administration. In contrast, Res administrations in a dose-dependent manner improved Pyra-induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative and DNA damages, expression levels of these genes in the liver, and histopathological changes in the liver and kidney. Consequently, the treatment of Res, known for its anti-oxidant and protective properties, exhibited a protective effect on Pyra-induced lipid peroxidation, oxidant/anti-oxidant status, gene expressions, and DNA damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahriye Zemheri-Navruz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bartın University, 07400, Bartın, Turkey.
| | - Sinan Ince
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Damla Arslan-Acaroz
- Bayat Vocational School, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ulas Acaroz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Hasan Huseyin Demirel
- Department of Laboratory and Veterinary Health, Bayat Vocational School, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03780, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Nur Demirkapi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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11
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Comparison of the effect of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicide on hippocampal neurogenesis after developmental exposure in rats. Toxicology 2023; 483:153369. [PMID: 36332718 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that glyphosate (GlyP)-based herbicides (GBHs) induce developmental neurotoxicity. The present study investigated the developmental exposure effect of GlyP and GBH on hippocampal neurogenesis in rats. Dams were treated from gestational day 6 to day 21 post-delivery on weaning with a diet containing 1.5% or 3.0% GlyP or drinking water with 1.0% GBH (containing 0.36% GlyP). Dams in the 1.5%-GlyP, 3.0%-GlyP, and GBH groups received 1.04, 2.16, and 0.25 g GlyP/kg body weight (BW)/day during gestation, and 2.27, 4.65, and 0.58 g GlyP/kg BW/day during lactation, respectively. On weaning, 3.0% GlyP- and GBH-exposed offspring decreased the BW, and the latter also decreased the brain weight. Both compounds suppressed neural progenitor cell proliferation in the neurogenic niche, and GlyP-exposed offspring showed a decreased number of TUBB3+ immature granule cells. In contrast, both compounds increased the number of ARC+ granule cells, suggesting increased synaptic plasticity. Both compounds downregulated antioxidant genes (Cat and Sod2) in the dentate gyrus, suggestive of increased sensitivity to oxidative stress, which might be related to the suppression of neurogenesis. At the adult age, GBH alone sustained decreases in body and brain weights. Both compounds increased hippocampal malondialdehyde levels and upregulated Cat in the dentate gyrus, suggesting induction of oxidative stress. Both compounds upregulated Casp9, and GBH increased neural progenitor cell apoptosis, suggesting disruption of neurogenesis related to oxidative stress. GBH increased the number of COX2+ granule cells, and both compounds upregulated Arc, suggesting increased synaptic plasticity. These results suggest that GlyP and GBH might cause similar effects on disruption of neurogenesis accompanying compensatory responses and induction of oxidative stress responses through the adult age in the hippocampus. However, effects on adult age were more evident with GBH, suggesting that the surfactants contained in GBH might have contributed to the enhanced neurotoxicity of GlyP, similar to the enhanced general toxicity.
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Ünlü Endirlik B, Bakır E, Ökçesiz A, Güler A, Hamurcu Z, Eken A, Dreij K, Gürbay A. Investigation of the toxicity of a glyphosate-based herbicide in a human liver cell line: Assessing the involvement of Nrf2 pathway and protective effects of vitamin E and α-lipoic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:103999. [PMID: 36252731 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most widely used herbicides all over the world and has gained more attention in recent years because of health safety concerns. In this study, Roundup, one of the most popular glyphosate formulations, was used to evaluate cytotoxic, oxidative stress and apoptosis inducing effects of GBHs in a human hepatocellular cell line (HepG2). Roundup was shown to significantly increase cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which lead to activation of the nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant defense pathway including reduced levels of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Furthermore, Roundup was found to induce apoptosis and further analysis confirmed involvement of a mitochondrial-dependent pathway verified by increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratios. Investigation of the protective effects of antioxidants vitamin E (Vit E) and α-lipoic acid (LA) against Roundup toxicity showed that both antioxidants significantly reduced the cytotoxicity, ROS formation, HO-1 downregulation, and apoptosis and that Vit E did so more efficiently than LA. In conclusion, our findings highlight the ROS producing and apoptosis inducing effects associated with GBHs, the activation of Nrf2 pathway as a defense mechanism and the protective effects of Vit E and LA against GBH toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Ünlü Endirlik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Elçin Bakır
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aysun Ökçesiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahsen Güler
- Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Hamurcu
- Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Eken
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kristian Dreij
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aylin Gürbay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Duque-Díaz E, Hurtado Giraldo H, Rocha-Muñoz LP, Coveñas R. Glyphosate, AMPA and glyphosate-based herbicide exposure leads to GFAP, PCNA and caspase-3 increased immunoreactive area on male offspring rat hypothalamus. Eur J Histochem 2022; 66:3428. [PMID: 36226530 PMCID: PMC9614696 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2022.3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and glyphosate-based herbicides altered the neuroendocrine axis, the content of brain neurotransmitters, and behavior in experimental animal models. Glyphosate alone, AMPA or Roundup® Active were administered to postpartum female rats, from P0 to P10, and their water consumption was measured daily. The immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase-3 was measured in the anterior, medial preoptic, periventricular, supraoptic and lateroanterior hypothalamic nuclei of P0-P10 male pups after exposure, via lactation, to these xenobiotics. Puppies exposed to glyphosate had a moderate level of GFAP with no overlapping astrocyte processes, but this overlapping was observed after Roundup® Active or AMPA exposure. After being exposed to Roundup® Active or AMPA, PCNA-positive cells with strong immunoreactivity were found in some hypothalamic nuclei. Cells containing caspase-3 were found in all hypothalamic nuclei studied, but the labeling was stronger after Roundup® Active or AMPA exposure. Xenobiotics significantly increased the immunoreactivity area for all of the markers studied in the majority of cases (p<0.05). AMPA or Roundup® Active treated animals had a greater area of PCNA immunoreactivity than control or glyphosate alone treated animals (p<0.05). The effects observed after xenobiotic exposure were not due to increased water intake. The increased immunoreactivity areas observed for the markers studied suggest that xenobiotics induced a neuro-inflammatory response, implying increased cell proliferation, glial activation, and induction of apoptotic pathways. The findings also show that glyphosate metabolites/adjuvants and/or surfactants present in glyphosate commercial formulations had a greater effect than glyphosate alone. In summary, glyphosate, AMPA, and glyphosate-based herbicides altered GFAP, caspase-3, and PCNA expression in the rat hypothalamus, altering the neuroendocrine axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewing Duque-Díaz
- Faculty of Medical Science and Health, MASIRA Institute, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga.
| | - Hernán Hurtado Giraldo
- Faculty of Medical Science and Health, MASIRA Institute, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga.
| | - Linda P Rocha-Muñoz
- Faculty of Exact, Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga.
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (Lab. 14), University of Salamanca; Group GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), Salamanca.
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14
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Fréville M, Estienne A, Ramé C, Lefort G, Chahnamian M, Staub C, Venturi E, Lemarchand J, Maximin E, Hondelatte A, Zemb O, Canlet C, Guabiraba R, Froment P, Dupont J. Chronic dietary exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide results in total or partial reversibility of plasma oxidative stress, cecal microbiota abundance and short-chain fatty acid composition in broiler hens. Front Physiol 2022; 13:974688. [PMID: 36171975 PMCID: PMC9511142 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.974688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are massively used in agriculture. However, few studies have investigated the effects of glyphosate-based herbicides on avian species although they are largely exposed via their food. Here, we investigated the potential reversibility of the effects of chronic dietary exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides in broiler hens. For 42 days, we exposed 32-week-old hens to glyphosate-based herbicides via their food (47 mg/kg/day glyphosate equivalent, glyphosate-based herbicides, n = 75) corresponding to half glyphosate’s no-observed-adverse-effect-level in birds. We compared their performance to that of 75 control animals (CT). Both groups (glyphosate-based herbicides and control animals) were then fed for 28 additional days without glyphosate-based herbicides exposure (Ex-glyphosate-based herbicides and Ex-control animals). Glyphosate-based herbicides temporarily increased the plasma glyphosate and AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid) concentrations. Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid mostly accumulated in the liver and to a lesser extent in the leg muscle and abdominal adipose tissue. Glyphosate-based herbicides also temporarily increased the gizzard weight and plasma oxidative stress monitored by TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). Glyphosate-based herbicides temporarily decreased the cecal concentrations of propionate, isobutyrate and propionate but acetate and valerate were durably reduced. The cecal microbiome was also durably affected since glyphosate-based herbicides inhibited Barnesiella and favored Alloprevotella. Body weight, fattening, food intake and feeding behavior as well as plasma lipid and uric acid were unaffected by glyphosate-based herbicides. Taken together, our results show possible disturbances of the cecal microbiota associated with plasma oxidative stress and accumulation of glyphosate in metabolic tissues in response to dietary glyphosate-based herbicides exposure in broiler hens. Luckily, glyphosate-based herbicides at this concentration does not hamper growth and most of the effects on the phenotypes are reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Fréville
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Gaëlle Lefort
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Marine Chahnamian
- INRAE—Unité Expérimentale Pôle D’expérimentation Avicole de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christophe Staub
- INRAE—Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de L’Orfrasière (UEPAO), Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Venturi
- INRAE—Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de L’Orfrasière (UEPAO), Nouzilly, France
| | - Julie Lemarchand
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Elise Maximin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alice Hondelatte
- INRAE-—Elevage Alternatif et Santé des Monogastriques (EASM), Surgères, France
| | - Olivier Zemb
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Cécile Canlet
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Pascal Froment
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Joëlle Dupont,
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Alvarez-Moya C, Sámano-León AG, Reynoso-Silva M, Ramírez-Velasco R, Ruiz-López MA, Villalobos-Arámbula AR. Antigenotoxic Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Resveratrol in Erythrocytes of Ambystoma mexicanum, Oreochromis niloticus and Human Lymphocytes Exposed to Glyphosate. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2230-2242. [PMID: 35678680 PMCID: PMC9164025 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a controversial herbicide. Its genotoxicity and presence in various ecosystems have been reported. The use of ascorbic acid and resveratrol could protect different organisms from glyphosate-induced genetic damage. In the present study, specific genetic damage induced by glyphosate was evaluated in erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus, Ambystoma mexicanum and human lymphocytes. Simultaneously, the antigenotoxic capacity of various concentrations of ascorbic acid and resveratrol was evaluated by means of pretreatment and simultaneous treatment protocols. The 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07 mM concentrations of glyphosate induced significant genotoxic activity (p < 0.05) in human lymphocytes and in erythrocytes of the species studied, and could cause genomic instability in these populations. The reduction in genetic damage observed in human lymphocytes exposed to high concentrations of glyphosate is only apparent: excessive genetic damage was associated with undetectable excessive tail migration length. A significant (p < 0.05) antigenotoxic effect of ascorbic acid and resveratrol was observed in all concentrations, organisms and protocols used. Both ascorbic acid and resveratrol play an important role in maintaining the integrity of DNA. Ascorbic acid in Oreochromis niloticus, Ambystoma mexicanum reduced glyphosate-induced genetic damage to a basal level. Therefore, our data indicate that these antioxidants could help preserve the integrity of the DNA of organisms exposed to glyphosate. The consumption of antioxidants is a useful tool against the genotoxicity of glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alvarez-Moya
- Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.S.-L.); (R.R.-V.)
- Correspondence: (C.A.-M.); (M.R.-S.); Tel.: +52-377-77-1121 (C.A.-M.); +52-333-777-1121 (M.R.-S.)
| | - Alexis Gerardo Sámano-León
- Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.S.-L.); (R.R.-V.)
| | - Mónica Reynoso-Silva
- Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.S.-L.); (R.R.-V.)
- Correspondence: (C.A.-M.); (M.R.-S.); Tel.: +52-377-77-1121 (C.A.-M.); +52-333-777-1121 (M.R.-S.)
| | - Rafael Ramírez-Velasco
- Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.S.-L.); (R.R.-V.)
| | - Mario Alberto Ruiz-López
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Alma Rosa Villalobos-Arámbula
- Molecular and Functional Genetics and Ecosystems Laboratory of Biomarkers and Molecular Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Departament, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico;
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16
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Wang X, Lu Q, Guo J, Ares I, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Oxidative Stress and Metabolism: A Mechanistic Insight for Glyphosate Toxicology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 62:617-639. [PMID: 34990202 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-020821-111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLYP) is a widely used pesticide; it is considered to be a safe herbicide for animals and humans because it targets 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase. However, there has been increasing evidence that GLYP causes varying degrees of toxicity. Moreover, oxidative stress and metabolism are highly correlated with toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to the toxicity of GLYP and, for the first time, systematically summarizes the toxicity mechanism of GLYP from the perspective of oxidative stress, including GLYP-mediated oxidative damage, changes in antioxidant status, altered signaling pathways, and the regulation of oxidative stress by exogenous substances. In addition, the metabolism of GLYP is discussed, including metabolites,metabolic pathways, metabolic enzymes, and the toxicity of metabolites. This review provides new ideas for the toxicity mechanism of GLYP and proposes effective strategies for reducing its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
| | - Qirong Lu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
| | - Jingchao Guo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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17
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Qiu S, Liu Y, Gao Y, Fu H, Shi B. Response of the nuclear xenobiotic receptors to alleviate glyphosate-based herbicide-induced nephrotoxicity in weaned piglets. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:2707-2717. [PMID: 34378135 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are widely used worldwide. Glyphosate (GLP) is the main active component of GBHs. The presence of GBH residues in the environment has led to the exposure of animals to GBHs, but the mechanisms of GBH-induced nephrotoxicity are not clear. This study investigated the effects of GBHs on piglet kidneys. Twenty-eight healthy female hybrid weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an average weight of 12.24 ± 0.61 kg were randomly divided into four treatment groups (n=7 piglets/group) that were supplemented with Roundup® (equivalent to GLP concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) for a 35-day feeding trial. The results showed that the kidneys in the 40-mg/kg GLP group suffered slight damage. Roundup® significantly decreased the activity of catalase (CAT) (P=0.005) and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P=0.029). Roundup® increased the level of cystatin-C (Cys-C) in the plasma (linear, P=0.002 and quadratic, P=0.015). The levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in plasma increased linearly (P=0.007) and quadratically (P=0.003) as the dose of GLP increased. The mRNA expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the 20-mg/kg GLP group was increased significantly (P<0.05). There was a significant increase in the mRNA levels of pregnenolone X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A3 (UGT1A3) (P<0.05). Our findings found that kidney nuclear xenobiotic receptors (NXRs) may play an important role in defense against GBHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Qiu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyang Fu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Hashim AR, Bashir DW, Yasin NAE, Galal MK, M EGS. Ameliorative effect of N-acetylcysteine against glyphosate-induced hepatotoxicity in adult male albino rats: histopathological, biochemical, and molecular studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42275-42289. [PMID: 33797725 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLP) is the most commonly used herbicide that presents many hazards to the environment and living organisms. The present study aimed to explore hepatotoxic properties of GLP on adult albino rats, and the ability of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to ameliorate these toxic effects. Thirty mature male albino rats were distributed into 3 groups (10 rats/group): Group I (C) a negative control, Group II (GLP) orally administered Roundup 0.8503 ml/kg/day which contain GLP (375 mg/kg) (1/10 of LD50) by gavage needle, and Group III (NAC+ GLP) received NAC (160 mg/kg, 1h before Roundup) by gavage needle and Roundup (0.8503 ml/kg) orally for 6 weeks. Blood and liver samples were collected and processed for biochemical, histopathological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical investigations. Group II displayed a significant elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as overexpression of apoptotic markers. The total antioxidant capacity "TAC" and mRNA expression of NRF2 were significantly decreased. Concerning the histopathological findings, there were various degenerative changes as the hepatocytes showed hydropic swelling with nuclear pyknosis. These alterations were confirmed ultrastructurally as most of the cytoplasmic organelles were lost and the mitochondria appeared to deteriorate. Immunohistochemical results showed intense immunoreactivity against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase-3. NAC administration before GLP partially ameliorates these alterations. ALT, AST, and MDA levels as well as expression of apoptotic markers were significantly reduced. TAC and mRNA expression of NRF2 were significantly increased. Histopathological alterations were partially improved as the hepatocytes returned normal and ultrastructurally they showed nearly normal cytoplasmic organelles. Additionally, the intense expression of PCNA and caspase-3 was significantly reduced. We concluded that NAC can ameliorate most of the adverse effects of GLP exposure through its antioxidant property and free radicals scavenging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa R Hashim
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dina W Bashir
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Noha A E Yasin
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona K Galal
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - El-Gharbawy S M
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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19
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Silver MK, Fernandez J, Tang J, McDade A, Sabino J, Rosario Z, Vélez Vega C, Alshawabkeh A, Cordero JF, Meeker JD. Prenatal Exposure to Glyphosate and Its Environmental Degradate, Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA), and Preterm Birth: A Nested Case-Control Study in the PROTECT Cohort (Puerto Rico). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:57011. [PMID: 34009015 PMCID: PMC8132611 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate (GLY) is the most heavily used herbicide in the world. Despite nearly ubiquitous exposure, few studies have examined prenatal GLY exposure and potentially adverse pregnancy outcomes. Preterm birth (PTB) is a risk factor for neonatal mortality and adverse health effects in childhood. OBJECTIVES We examined prenatal exposure to GLY and a highly persistent environmental degradate of GLY, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and odds of PTB in a nested case-control study within the ongoing Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT) pregnancy cohort in northern Puerto Rico. METHODS GLY and AMPA in urine samples collected at 18 ± 2 (Visit 1) and 26 ± 2 (Visit 3) wk gestation (53 cases/194 randomly selected controls) were measured using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate associations with PTB (delivery < 37 wk completed gestation). RESULTS Detection rates in controls were 77.4% and 77.5% for GLY and 52.8% and 47.7% for AMPA, and geometric means (geometric standard deviations) were 0.44 (2.50) and 0.41 ( 2.56 ) μ g / L for GLY and 0.25 (3.06) and 0.20 ( 2.87 ) μ g / L for AMPA, for Visits 1 and 3, respectively. PTB was significantly associated with specific gravity-corrected urinary GLY and AMPA at Visit 3, whereas associations with levels at Visit 1 and the Visits 1-3 average were largely null or inconsistent. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for an interquartile range increase in exposure at Visit 3 were 1.35 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.83) and 1.67 (95% CI: 1.26, 2.20) for GLY and AMPA, respectively. ORs for Visit 1 and the visit average were closer to the null. DISCUSSION Urine GLY and AMPA levels in samples collected near the 26th week of pregnancy were associated with increased odds of PTB in this modestly sized nested case-control study. Given the widespread use of GLY, multiple potential sources of AMPA, and AMPA's persistence in the environment, as well as the potential for long-term adverse health effects in preterm infants, further investigation in other populations is warranted. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7295.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica K. Silver
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer Fernandez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason Tang
- NSF International, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Zaira Rosario
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Carmen Vélez Vega
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Akram Alshawabkeh
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - José F. Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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20
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Gorga A, Rindone GM, Centola CL, Sobarzo CM, Pellizzari EH, Camberos MDC, Marín-Briggiler CI, Cohen DJ, Riera MF, Galardo MN, Meroni SB. Low Doses of Glyphosate/Roundup Alter Blood-Testis Barrier Integrity in Juvenile Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:615678. [PMID: 33776912 PMCID: PMC7992013 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.615678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been postulated that glyphosate (G) or its commercial formulation Roundup (R) might lead to male fertility impairment. In this study, we investigated the possible effects of G or R treatment of juvenile male rats on blood-testis barrier function and on adult male sperm production. Pups were randomly assigned to the following groups: control group (C), receiving water; G2 and G50 groups, receiving 2 and 50 mg/kg/day G respectively; and R2 and R50 groups receiving 2 and 50 mg/kg/day R respectively. Treatments were performed orally from postnatal day (PND) 14 to 30, period of life that is essential to complete a functional blood-testis barrier. Evaluation was done on PND 31. No differences in body and testis weight were observed between groups. Testis histological analysis showed disorganized seminiferous epithelium, with apparent low cellular adhesion in treated animals. Blood-testis barrier permeability to a biotin tracer was examined. A significant increase in permeable tubules was observed in treated groups. To evaluate possible mechanisms that could explain the effects on blood-testis barrier permeability, intratesticular testosterone levels, androgen receptor expression, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the expression of intercellular junction proteins (claudin11, occludin, ZO-1, connexin43, 46, and 50 which are components of the blood-testis barrier) were examined. No modifications in the above-mentioned parameters were detected. To evaluate whether juvenile exposure to G and R could have consequences during adulthood, a set of animals of the R50 group was allowed to grow up until PND 90. Histological analysis showed that control and R50 groups had normal cellular associations and complete spermatogenesis. Also, blood-testis barrier function was recovered and testicular weight, daily sperm production, and epididymal sperm motility and morphology did not seem to be modified by juvenile treatment. In conclusion, the results presented herein show that continuous exposure to low doses of G or R alters blood-testis barrier permeability in juvenile rats. However, considering that adult animals treated during the juvenile stage showed no differences in daily sperm production compared with control animals, it is feasible to think that blood-testis barrier impairment is a reversible phenomenon. More studies are needed to determine possible damage in the reproductive function of human juvenile populations exposed to low doses of G or R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina Gorga
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” (CEDIE) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Fundación Endocrinológica Infantil (FEI) – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Marcelo Rindone
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” (CEDIE) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Fundación Endocrinológica Infantil (FEI) – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Lucía Centola
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” (CEDIE) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Fundación Endocrinológica Infantil (FEI) – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian M. Sobarzo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Herminia Pellizzari
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” (CEDIE) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Fundación Endocrinológica Infantil (FEI) – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María del Carmen Camberos
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” (CEDIE) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Fundación Endocrinológica Infantil (FEI) – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara Isabel Marín-Briggiler
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Debora J. Cohen
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Fernanda Riera
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” (CEDIE) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Fundación Endocrinológica Infantil (FEI) – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Noel Galardo
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” (CEDIE) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Fundación Endocrinológica Infantil (FEI) – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Beatriz Meroni
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” (CEDIE) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Fundación Endocrinológica Infantil (FEI) – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Fan T, Xie Y, Ma W. Research progress on the protection and detoxification of phytochemicals against aflatoxin B 1-Induced liver toxicity. Toxicon 2021; 195:58-68. [PMID: 33716068 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent hepatotoxic toxin, which can cause hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver immunological damage. It has been involved in the etiology of human hepatocellular carcinoma. AFB1 can cause oxidative stress in the body's metabolism process, and then cause cytotoxicity, such as apoptosis and DNA damage. Scientific research has discovered that phytochemicals can induce the detoxification pathway of AFB1 through its biotransformation, thereby reducing the damage of AFB1 to the human body. In clinical treatment, certain phytochemicals have been effectively used in the treatment of liver injury due to the advantages of multiple targets, multiple pathways, low toxicity and side effects. Therefore, the article summarizes the toxic mechanism of AFB1-induced hepatoxicity, and the related research progress of phytochemicals for preventing and treating its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. We also look forward to the existing problems and application prospects of phytochemicals in the pharmaceutical industry, in order to provide theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of AFB1 poisoning in future research work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weibin Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
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22
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Khan A, Kumar V, Srivastava A, Saxena G, Verma PC. Biomarker-based evaluation of cytogenotoxic potential of glyphosate in Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper genotypes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:73. [PMID: 33469782 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides have proven to be a boon for agricultural fields. Their inherent property to kill weeds and unwanted vegetation makes them an essential biological tool for farmers and agricultural systems. Besides being capable of destroying weeds, they also exhibit certain effects on non-target crop plants. In the present study, a laboratory experiment was performed to assess the effect of glyphosate on Vigna mungo root meristem cells. Seeds of five different genotypes of V. mungo were treated with a series of concentrations of glyphosate ranging from 1 to 10 mM, and their effects on mitotic cell division were studied. Healthy and uniform-sized seeds were selected and were allowed to grow in Petri plates for 3 days, and all the doses were maintained in triplicates. Roots were fixed at day 3 after treatment (DAT) for cytological microscopic slide preparation. The results obtained indicate the dose-dependent reduction in the mitotic index in all the genotypes and an increase in the percentage of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and relative abnormality rate (RAR). Most commonly observed chromosome aberrations at lower doses (< 6 mM) were fragments, stickiness, and disoriented metaphase, while at higher doses (6 to 10 mM) bridges, laggards, spindle disorientation, and clumping were obvious. The increase in the percentage of CAs and RAR indicates the inhibitory effect of glyphosate on cell cycle progression at various stages in root tip cells. The present study is a fine example of a biomarker-based genotoxic assessment of mitotic damage caused by glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiba Khan
- In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, UP, 226007, India
| | - Vaibhav Kumar
- In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, UP, 226007, India
| | - Alka Srivastava
- In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, UP, 226007, India
| | - Gauri Saxena
- In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, UP, 226007, India.
| | - Praveen C Verma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, 226001, India
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Shalaby AM, Alabiad MA, El Shaer DF. Resveratrol Ameliorates the Seminiferous Tubules Damages Induced by Finasteride in Adult Male Rats. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:1176-1186. [PMID: 33012303 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620024514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Finasteride is commonly used in the management of alopecia and nodular prostatic hyperplasia. It was reported to have a harmful effect on spermatogenesis with subsequent infertility. Thus, this research was to determine the ameliorative effect of resveratrol against testicular damage caused by finasteride. Forty adult male rats were randomly divided into four main groups: group I acted as the control, group II was administrated resveratrol 20 mg/kg/day, group III was administrated finasteride 5 mg/kg/day, and group IV was administrated finasteride and resveratrol as in the previous groups. Finasteride induced a significant decrement in the testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels. The level of malondialdehyde significantly increased, while the levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase significantly decreased in the finasteride-administrated rats. Variable histopathological alterations in the testes were revealed in the form of irregular seminiferous tubules. Some seminiferous tubules appeared with degenerated germinal epithelium. Others showed detachment of their germinal epithelium. Congested blood vessels and homogeneous acidophilic substance in-between tubules were also detected. A significant decrement in PCNA positive cells and a significant increment in Bax expression were demonstrated. Ultrastructural examination showed Sertoli cells with rarefied cytoplasm. Vacuolated cytoplasm, shrunken nuclei, and dilated perinuclear spaces were also revealed in the spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and early spermatids. On the contrary, few changes were noticed in rats received resveratrol concomitant with finasteride. This study indicated that resveratrol exerted a potent ameliorative effect against testicular injury caused by finasteride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Mohamed Shalaby
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ali Alabiad
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig44519, Egypt
- College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina Fouad El Shaer
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta31527, Egypt
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24
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Evaluation of Toxic Effects of Novel Platinum (IV) Complexes in Female Rat Liver: Potential Protective Role of Resveratrol. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 79:141-152. [PMID: 33094405 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of cisplatin in chemotherapy may provoke a deteriorating impact in many vital organs, suggesting the need for more selective derivatives and effective protective cotreatments. This study assesses the effects of three novel Pt(IV) complexes containing ethyl-, propyl- and butyl-esters of the ethylenediamine-N, N'-di-S, S- (2,2'-dibenzyl) acetic acid on liver injury markers, redox parameters, and cell morphology of female rat liver tissue in comparison to cisplatin. In addition, the study evaluates the possible protective effects of resveratrol as well. The rats were divided into ten groups and were administered intraperitoneally with a single dose of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg) or Pt(IV) complexes (10 mg/kg) and/or resveratrol (25 mg/kg). All treatments caused changes in body weight, food intake, and liver/bw ratio. Acute treatment with novel complexes decreased the levels of TB and TP while elevated the activity of ALT, AST, GGT, ALP which subsequently indicated on the liver damage. All three complexes significantly reduced the levels of LPO, O2.-, NO2- and activity of CAT, while increasing the activity of SOD, GSH-Px, GR, GST, and level of GSH, implying that these compounds could provoke redox balance disruption in liver cells. Moreover, according to the histopathological observations, the novel Pt(IV) complexes exerted stronger hepatotoxicity than cisplatin. Possible protective effects of resveratrol were not detected and even combined with examined compounds it abolished the activity of the antioxidative system of the liver cells causing more intense toxicity. Further investigation is required to elucidate the effects of Pt-based drugs and resveratrol in the estradiol-rich environment of female rats as well their influence on male rats' tissues.
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Tizhe EV, Ibrahim NDG, Fatihu MY, Ambali SF, Igbokwe IO, Tizhe UD. Effect of zinc supplementation on chronic hepatorenal toxicity following oral exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide (Bushfire®) in rats. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520925343. [PMID: 32865084 PMCID: PMC7469744 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520925343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of zinc pretreatment on hepatorenal toxicity following chronic exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides in male rats. METHODS Following zinc pretreatment (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg), 14.4 to 750 mg/kg of oral glyphosate (Bushfire® herbicide) was administered daily for 36 weeks. Thereafter, serum samples were obtained following jugular venipuncture. Liver and kidney samples were processed for histopathological examination. RESULTS Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activity as well as levels of bicarbonate, calcium, creatinine were significantly increased following chronic exposure to Bushfire®. Serum levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, total protein, albumin, globulin and urea were unchanged. Moderate to severe coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes as well as glomerular and renal tubular necrosis were observed in herbicide-treated rats. Zinc pretreatment reduced the elevation of serum enzymes associated with hepatobiliary lesions, abrogated hypercalcemia and metabolic alkalosis, and mitigated serum accumulation of creatinine following Bushfire® exposure, but was ineffective in completely preventing histological lesions. CONCLUSION Chronic Bushfire® exposure in rats caused hepatorenal toxicity. The effects of exposure on serum parameters were ameliorated by zinc pretreatment, but the histopathological changes associated with toxicity persisted in milder forms in zinc-pretreated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Vandi Tizhe
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Najume Dogon-Giginya Ibrahim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Yakasai Fatihu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Suleiman Folorunsho Ambali
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu Onyebuchi Igbokwe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Ussa Delia Tizhe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
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Turkmen R, Dogan I. Determination of acute oral toxicity of glyphosate isopropylamine salt in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19298-19303. [PMID: 31960240 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aim to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of glyphosate isopropylamine salt (GI), which is commonly used in the world and especially in Turkey against to weeds, in male and female rats by using the probit or logit analysis method. A total of 140 Wistar rats were used, including 70 females and 70 males. To determine LD50, the male and female rats were randomized into 7 groups made up of 10 animals in each group. At doses of 6000, 6500, 7000, 7500, 8000, 8500, and 9000 mg / kg, GI was administered to the male and female rats by oral gavage. After dosing, the animals were periodically monitored for 14 days. No deaths were observed after 48 h of herbicide application. In this study, only logit analysis was used for the LD50 value to be calculated in the male rats within 24 h, while other analyses were carried out with the probit method. In the female and male rats, the LD50 levels of GI between 24 and 48 h were determined as 7444.26-7878.50 mg/kg and 7203.58-7397.25 mg/kg, respectively. According to these results, it was concluded that female rats are more sensitive to GI than male rats. We believe that the findings that were obtained will guide researchers, clinicians, and toxicologists through preventive and curative studies against acute poisoning that may occur with GI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhi Turkmen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Ilkay Dogan
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Resveratrol reduces oxidative damage and inflammation in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis. J Helminthol 2020; 94:e140. [PMID: 32238206 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x20000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a serious food-borne zoonotic infection of cosmopolitan distribution. Currently, treatment for trichinellosis is far from ideal. Given the important role of oxidative stress and immune-mediated inflammation in the pathogenesis of trichinellosis, this study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effects of resveratrol (RSV) during the intestinal and muscular phases of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice. The oral administration of RSV at a dose of 20 mg/kg once daily for two weeks resulted in significant reductions in both adult and larval counts; significant improvements in the redox status of the small intestine and muscles; a significant reduction in interleukin 4, pentraxin 3 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression; and the mitigation of intestinal and muscular inflammation. In conclusion, this study identifies RSV as a promising agent for the treatment of experimental trichinellosis, and more studies in experimental animals and humans are worth consideration.
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Portier CJ. A comprehensive analysis of the animal carcinogenicity data for glyphosate from chronic exposure rodent carcinogenicity studies. Environ Health 2020; 19:18. [PMID: 32050978 PMCID: PMC7014589 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of glyphosate-tolerant genetically-modified plants, the global use of glyphosate has increased dramatically making it the most widely used pesticide on the planet. There is considerable controversy concerning the carcinogenicity of glyphosate with scientists and regulatory authorities involved in the review of glyphosate having markedly different opinions. One key aspect of these opinions is the degree to which glyphosate causes cancer in laboratory animals after lifetime exposure. In this review, twenty-one chronic exposure animal carcinogenicity studies of glyphosate are identified from regulatory documents and reviews; 13 studies are of sufficient quality and detail to be reanalyzed in this review using trend tests, historical control tests and pooled analyses. The analyses identify 37 significant tumor findings in these studies and demonstrate consistency across studies in the same sex/species/strain for many of these tumors. Considering analyses of the individual studies, the consistency of the data across studies, the pooled analyses, the historical control data, non-neoplastic lesions, mechanistic evidence and the associated scientific literature, the tumor increases seen in this review are categorized as to the strength of the evidence that glyphosate causes these cancers. The strongest evidence shows that glyphosate causes hemangiosarcomas, kidney tumors and malignant lymphomas in male CD-1 mice, hemangiomas and malignant lymphomas in female CD-1 mice, hemangiomas in female Swiss albino mice, kidney adenomas, liver adenomas, skin keratoacanthomas and skin basal cell tumors in male Sprague-Dawley rats, adrenal cortical carcinomas in female Sprague-Dawley rats and hepatocellular adenomas and skin keratocanthomas in male Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Portier
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
- CJP Consulting, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Winiarska-Mieczan A, Baranowska-Wójcik E, Kwiecień M, Grela ER, Szwajgier D, Kwiatkowska K, Kiczorowska B. The Role of Dietary Antioxidants in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Their Impact on Cerebral Oxidoreductive Balance. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020435. [PMID: 32046360 PMCID: PMC7071337 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are progressive diseases of the nervous system that lead to neuron loss or functional disorders. Neurodegenerative diseases require long-term, sometimes life-long pharmacological treatment, which increases the risk of adverse effects and a negative impact of pharmaceuticals on the patients’ general condition. One of the main problems related to the treatment of this type of condition is the limited ability to deliver drugs to the brain due to their poor solubility, low bioavailability, and the effects of the blood-brain barrier. Given the above, one of the main objectives of contemporary scientific research focuses on the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. As disorders related to the competence of the antioxidative system are a marker in all diseases of this type, the primary prophylactics should entail the use of exogenous antioxidants, particularly ones that can be used over extended periods, regardless of the patient’s age, and that are easily available, e.g., as part of a diet or as diet supplements. The paper analyzes the significance of the oxidoreductive balance in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Based on information published globally in the last 10 years, an analysis is also provided with regard to the impact of exogenous antioxidants on brain functions with respect to the prevention of this type of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.G.); (K.K.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-445-67-44; Fax: +48-81-53-335-49
| | - Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (E.B.-W.); (D.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.G.); (K.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Eugeniusz R. Grela
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.G.); (K.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Dominik Szwajgier
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (E.B.-W.); (D.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.G.); (K.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Bożena Kiczorowska
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.G.); (K.K.); (B.K.)
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Mercado SAS, Caleño JDQ. Cytotoxic evaluation of glyphosate, using Allium cepa L. as bioindicator. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 700:134452. [PMID: 31629268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a chemical compound used mainly as a broad spectrum herbicide, it is recognized for its proven effectiveness and easy handling. It represents more than 60% of the world market of non-selective herbicides and is used in both agricultural fields and family gardens. The present study was designed to test the cytogenotoxic potential of glyphosate using the Allium cepa test as toxicity bioindicator. Consequently, bulbs of A. cepa were exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate (5, 10, 15, 25 and 30 mgL-1) and a control (deionized water), for 72 h; root development was also studied in this period of time. The cytogenotoxic potential of glyphosate was determined by calculating the mitotic index (MI), cellular anomalies (CA) and registering the roots longitudinal growth at 24, 48 and 72 h. Regarding root development, a greater growth was observed in the control treatment in the three measurement times. The mitotic phases analysis, determined that the higher the concentration, the lower the mitotic index, in addition the inhibition of the telophase Mitotic Index (TMI) was observed in any of the concentrations. The results indicate that the exposure to glyphosate of A. cepa meristematic cells induces diverse types of chromosomal anomalies, such as micronuclei (MN), chromosome breaking (CB), nuclear notch (Nn), among others. Therefore, in demonstrates that glyphosate has a highly cytogenotoxic effect for any of the concentrations used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seir Antonio Salazar Mercado
- Department of Biology, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Avenida Gran Colombia No. 12E-96B Colsag, San José de Cúcuta, Colombia.
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Hamdaoui L, Naifar M, Rahmouni F, Ayadi F, Rebai T. Sub-chronic exposure to Kalach 360 SL-induced damage in rats' liver and hematological system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:36634-36646. [PMID: 31732955 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of sub-chronic exposure to Kalach 360 SL (KL), glyphosate-based herbicide used in Tunisia, on liver and hematological system in different groups of female rats. Group 1 was used as a control, while animals of groups 2 and 3 received orally 0.07 mL and 0.175 mL of KL, respectively (126 and 315 mg of glyphosate/kg), for 60 days. As a result, the KL-exposed groups exhibited hypochromic microcytic anemia, systemic inflammation, cytolysis, decrease in hepatic enzyme activity, and cholestasis. Exposure to different doses of KL could induce erythrocyte destruction (hemolysis) in hematopoietic organs (bones). Moreover, lipid peroxidation contents and protein oxidation markers significantly increased in exposed groups, while enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities decreased considerably, in both erythrocytes and liver tissues, compared with those in controls. Liver histological studies confirmed the presence of inflammatory reaction with pathology involving the damage or necrosis of hepatocytes, however, without fibrosis remodulation. Thus, KL sub-chronic exposure caused hepatonecrosis, systemic inflammation, and hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Hamdaoui
- Histology-Embryology Laboratory, UR 12ES15 Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Street Majida Boulila, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Manel Naifar
- Biochemistry Laboratory, UR 12ES17 Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Rahmouni
- Histology-Embryology Laboratory, UR 12ES15 Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Street Majida Boulila, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, UR 12ES17 Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Rebai
- Histology-Embryology Laboratory, UR 12ES15 Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Street Majida Boulila, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
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Al-Yahya AA, Asad M, Sadaby A, Alhussaini MS. Repeat oral dose safety study of standardized methanolic extract of Boswellia sacra oleo gum resin in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 27:117-123. [PMID: 31889825 PMCID: PMC6933286 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The oleo gum resin of Boswellia sacra Fleuck. (Burseraceae) is widely consumed for treatment of several diseases and disorders. To determine the effect of repeated administration of this resin on liver and kidney functions, three different doses of standardized methanolic extract were administered orally to rats for 28 days. Apart from histological studies and determination of biomarkers of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, other parameters of sub-chronic toxicity such as behavioral change, food consumption and change in body weight were assessed. The extract contained about 36.91% of total boswellic acids; of which 11-keto beta boswellic acid, acetyl-11-keto beta boswellic acid, boswellic acids (α and β) and acetyl boswellic acid (α and β) were found to be 5.81%, 1.91%, 21.92% and 7.27% respectively. Oral administration of the extract for 28 consecutive days did not show any sign of behavioral toxicity and did not affect food consumption or weight gain significantly. Determination of biomarkers of hepatic and nephrotoxicity revealed that extract was safe at the tested doses as it did not produce any significant change in the studied biomarkers except producing a dose dependent increase in serum total protein levels. The histological examination supported biochemical findings. To conclude, methanolic extract of Boswellia sacra doen not produce any significant toxicity to liver and kidney up to doses of 100 mg/kg body weight. The results contradict earlier reports that members of boswellia species produce organ toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohammed Sanad Alhussaini
- Corresponding author at: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, P O Box 1383, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia.
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