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Li Z, Zhang H, Li C, Tian X, Liu S, Qin G, Yang J, Chen Q. Extreme condition-tolerant stretchable flexible supercapacitor and triboelectric nanogenerator based on carrageenan-enhanced gel for energy storage, energy collection and self-powered sensing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132994. [PMID: 38862050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
As flexible electronics devices for energy storage, mechanical energy collection and self-powered sensing, stretchable flexible supercapacitor and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) have attracted extensive attention. However, it is difficult to satisfy the requirements of high safety and resistance to extreme conditions. Dual roles of mechanical and electrical enhancement of inorganic salt are put forward, and a carrageenan (CG) enhanced poly (N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide)/CG/lithium chloride/glycerol (PCLG) conductive gel is prepared by designing hydrogen bonding self-crosslinking and chain entanglement. A high concentration and rapid deposition strategy is proposed to prepare a PCLG gel-based stretchable flexible all-in-one supercapacitor for energy storage, and a single electrode PCLG gel-based TENG is designed for mechanical energy collection, self-powered strain and tactile sensing. The supercapacitor has high capacitance, excellent cycling stability. The TENG possesses efficient energy harvesting with high and stable output voltage and power density, and sensitive and stable self-powered strain and tactile sensing without external power supply. Even under extreme conditions such as low temperatures, self-healing after damage, prolonged placement, deformation, post-deformation, multiple continuous work, pinprick and burning, the supercapacitor and TENG still have excellent properties. Therefore, we provide novel ideas to design flexible supercapacitor and TENG used under extreme conditions for future wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, PR China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, PR China
| | - Chenyu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, PR China
| | - Xiyu Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, PR China
| | - Shuzheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, PR China
| | - Gang Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, PR China
| | - Jia Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, PR China; Aeolus Tyre Co., Ltd., Jiaozuo 454003, PR China.
| | - Qiang Chen
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, PR China.
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Tan MWM, Wang H, Gao D, Huang P, Lee PS. Towards high performance and durable soft tactile actuators. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3485-3535. [PMID: 38411597 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Soft actuators are gaining significant attention due to their ability to provide realistic tactile sensations in various applications. However, their soft nature makes them vulnerable to damage from external factors, limiting actuation stability and device lifespan. The susceptibility to damage becomes higher with these actuators often in direct contact with their surroundings to generate tactile feedback. Upon onset of damage, the stability or repeatability of the device will be undermined. Eventually, when complete failure occurs, these actuators are disposed of, accumulating waste and driving the consumption of natural resources. This emphasizes the need to enhance the durability of soft tactile actuators for continued operation. This review presents the principles of tactile feedback of actuators, followed by a discussion of the mechanisms, advancements, and challenges faced by soft tactile actuators to realize high actuation performance, categorized by their driving stimuli. Diverse approaches to achieve durability are evaluated, including self-healing, damage resistance, self-cleaning, and temperature stability for soft actuators. In these sections, current challenges and potential material designs are identified, paving the way for developing durable soft tactile actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wei Ming Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Smart Grippers for Soft Robotics (SGSR), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Dace Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Peiwen Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Smart Grippers for Soft Robotics (SGSR), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, 138602, Singapore
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3
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Choi SG, Kang SH, Lee JY, Park JH, Kang SK. Recent advances in wearable iontronic sensors for healthcare applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1335188. [PMID: 38162187 PMCID: PMC10757853 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1335188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Iontronic sensors have garnered significant attention as wearable sensors due to their exceptional mechanical performance and the ability to maintain electrical performance under various mechanical stimuli. Iontronic sensors can respond to stimuli like mechanical stimuli, humidity, and temperature, which has led to exploration of their potential as versatile sensors. Here, a comprehensive review of the recent researches and developments on several types of iontronic sensors (e.g., pressure, strain, humidity, temperature, and multi-modal sensors), in terms of their sensing principles, constituent materials, and their healthcare-related applications is provided. The strategies for improving the sensing performance and environmental stability of iontronic sensors through various innovative ionic materials and structural designs are reviewed. This review also provides the healthcare applications of iontronic sensors that have gained increased feasibility and broader applicability due to the improved sensing performance. Lastly, outlook section discusses the current challenges and the future direction in terms of the applicability of the iontronic sensors to the healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Geun Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyeon Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Nano Systems Institute SOFT Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Li X, Yan M, Xiao J, Lian H. Ultrafast fabrication of deep eutectic solvent flexible ionic gel with high-transmittance, freeze-resistant and conductivity by frontal polymerization. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1382-1392. [PMID: 37480653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
As a common flexible sensing device, gels are widely used in electronic skin, personalized health monitoring, and smart manufacturing. However, gel suffers from temperature sensitivity, long polymerization times or thickness limitations. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have abundant hydrogen bond networks and low saturated vapor pressure, which can accelerate the frontal polymerization of ionic gels, and overcome the temperature sensitivity problem. Here, we showed how choline chloride (ChCl)-glycerol (Gly) DES can be used to create ionic gels with different properties and functions by combining them with different monomers (acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA) and itaconic acid (IA)). Subsequently, we revealed the rapid gelation mechanism of PAM-ChCl-Gly ionic gel from multiple perspectives by density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulation, which was then applied to flexible sensing. The experimental results showed that the PAM-ChCl-Gly ionic gel had excellent tensile properties, high transparency, self-adhesion and stability. In addition, its gelation time was only 90 s without heating. ChCl-Gly DES offered a plentiful and stable hydrogen bonding network. PAM-ChCl-Gly ionic gels can detect tiny pressure and strain changes, making them suitable for flexible sensing. This greatly enriched the theoretical research foundation of DES-based ionic gels and broadened their application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Mingkai Yan
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Hailan Lian
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
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Wang J, Wang T, Liu H, Wang K, Moses K, Feng Z, Li P, Huang W. Flexible Electrodes for Brain-Computer Interface System. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211012. [PMID: 37143288 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain-computer interface (BCI) has been the subject of extensive research recently. Governments and companies have substantially invested in relevant research and applications. The restoration of communication and motor function, the treatment of psychological disorders, gaming, and other daily and therapeutic applications all benefit from BCI. The electrodes hold the key to the essential, fundamental BCI precondition of electrical brain activity detection and delivery. However, the traditional rigid electrodes are limited due to their mismatch in Young's modulus, potential damages to the human body, and a decline in signal quality with time. These factors make the development of flexible electrodes vital and urgent. Flexible electrodes made of soft materials have grown in popularity in recent years as an alternative to conventional rigid electrodes because they offer greater conformance, the potential for higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) signals, and a wider range of applications. Therefore, the latest classifications and future developmental directions of fabricating these flexible electrodes are explored in this paper to further encourage the speedy advent of flexible electrodes for BCI. In summary, the perspectives and future outlook for this developing discipline are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Tengjiao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Haoyan Liu
- Department of Computer Science & Computer Engineering (CSCE), University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Kun Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Kumi Moses
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoya Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
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Hou LX, Ju H, Hao XP, Zhang H, Zhang L, He Z, Wang J, Zheng Q, Wu ZL. Intrinsic Anti-Freezing and Unique Phosphorescence of Glassy Hydrogels with Ultrahigh Stiffness and Toughness at Low Temperatures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300244. [PMID: 36821869 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Most hydrogels become frozen at subzero temperatures, leading to degraded properties and limited applications. Cryoprotectants are massively employed to improve anti-freezing property of hydrogels; however, there are accompanied disadvantages, such as varied networks, reduced mechanical properties, and the risk of cryoprotectant leakage in aqueous conditions. Reported here is the glassy hydrogel having intrinsic anti-freezing capacity and excellent optical and mechanical properties at ultra-low temperatures. Supramolecular hydrogel of poly(acrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) with moderate water content (≈50 wt.%) and dense hydrogen-bond associations is in a glassy state at room temperature. Since hydrogen bonds become strengthened as the temperature decreases, this gel becomes stronger and stiffer, yet still ductile, with Young's modulus of 900 MPa, tensile strength of 30 MPa, and breaking strain of 35% at -45 °C. This gel retains high transparency even in liquid nitrogen. It also exhibits unique phosphorescence due to presence of carbonyl clusters, which is further enhanced at subzero temperatures. Further investigations elucidate that the intrinsic anti-freezing property is related to a fact that most water molecules are tightly bound and confined in the glassy matrix and become non-freezable. This correlation, as validated in several systems, provides a roadmap to develop intrinsic anti-freezing hydrogels for widespread applications at extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xin Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Huaqiang Ju
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xing Peng Hao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zi Liang Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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Yang M, Wan X, Liu M, Wang Z, Jia L, Zhang F, Wang S. Wetting-Enabled Three-Dimensional Interfacial Polymerization (WET-DIP) for Bioinspired Anti-Dehydration Hydrogels. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2208157. [PMID: 36808873 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Anti-dehydration hydrogels have attracted considerable attention due to their promising applications in stretchable sensors, flexible electronics, and soft robots. However, anti-dehydration hydrogels prepared by conventional strategies inevitably depend on additional chemicals or suffer from cumbersome preparation processes. Here, inspired by the succulent Fenestraria aurantiaca a one-step wetting-enabled three-dimensional interfacial polymerization (WET-DIP) strategy for constructing organogel-sealed anti-dehydration hydrogels is developed. By virtue of the preferential wetting on the hydrophobic-oleophilic substrate surfaces, the organogel precursor solution can spread on the three-dimensional (3D) surface and encapsulate the hydrogel precursor solution, forming anti-dehydration hydrogel with 3D shape after in situ interfacial polymerization. The WET-DIP strategy is simple and ingenious, and accessible to discretionary 3D-shaped anti-dehydration hydrogels with a controllable thickness of the organogel outer layer. Strain sensors based on this anti-dehydration hydrogel also exhibit long-term stability in signal monitoring. This WET-DIP strategy shows great potentialities for constructing hydrogel-based devices with long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xizi Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Mingqian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lanxin Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Feilong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Zhan W, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Yang Z, Peng N, Jiang Z, Liu M, Zhang X. Carboxymethylcellulose reinforced, double-network hydrogel-based strain sensor with superior sensing stability for long-term monitoring. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124536. [PMID: 37085065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based strain sensors have garnered significant attention for their potential for human health monitoring. However, its practical application has been hindered by water loss, freezing, and structural impairment during long-term motion monitoring. Here, a strain sensor based on double-network (DN) hydrogel of polyacrylamide (PAAm)/carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was developed in a ternary solvent system of lithium chloride (LiCl)/ethylene glycol (EG)/H2O through a facile one-pot radical polymerization strategy. The incorporation of EG effectively mitigated the hydration of lithium salts by generating stable ion clusters with Li+ and stronger hydrogen bonds within the polymer matrix. The sensor demonstrated excellent mechanical properties, including a stretchability of 1858 %, toughness of 1.80 MJ/m3, and recoverability of 102 %. Furthermore, the LiCl/EG/H2O ternary system resulted in high conductivity, excellent anti-freezing performance, and superior sensing stability. In addition, the sensor exhibited remarkable sensitivity, enabling the monitoring of human movements ranging from subtle to significant deformations, including throat motion and bending of the elbow, wrist, finger, and lower limb. This study presents a viable approach for constructing hydrogel-based strain sensors with exceptional sensing stability for long-term tracking of human motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Zihao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Niancai Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 7100049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 7100049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ming Liu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 7100049, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, PR China.
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9
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Yang Y, Sun H, Shi C, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Song Y. Self-healing hydrogel with multiple adhesion as sensors for winter sports. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 629:1021-1031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Hou W, Yu X, Li Y, Wei Y, Ren J. Ultrafast Self-Healing, Highly Stretchable, Adhesive, and Transparent Hydrogel by Polymer Cluster Enhanced Double Networks for Both Strain Sensors and Environmental Remediation Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:57387-57398. [PMID: 36512607 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable, healable, biocompatible, and conductive hydrogels are one of the promising candidates for both wearable electronics and environmental remediation applications. To date, the design of hydrogels that integrate ultrafast self-healing with high efficiency (seconds), high stretchability, and biocompatibility and reversibility into one system is not an easy task. Herein, we demonstrate a general oxidation approach to accelerate the hydrogelation of hPEI-based double network gels via the generation of fluorescent polymer clusters at room temperature or triggered by the heating-cooling process. The resulting ohPEI hydrogel has the merit of biocompatibility over most reported hPEI hydrogels for strain sensors. It shows a high conductivity (1.3 S/m), an ultrafast self-healing ability (<3 s, 98% healing efficiency within 60 s), a high stretchability (∼1850 and ∼7000% in deformation), and reversible adhesivity on various material surfaces. The excellent performance of the hydrogel is ascribed to the cooperative and hierarchical interactions of four types of dynamic combinations, including the reversible borate bond, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, and polymer cluster interactions. The reversible fabrication process by the one-spot method (just by simple mixing of the components) and superior properties of the hydrogel make it an ideal candidate for a wearable strain sensor to monitor human motions and physiological activities. Moreover, it is also a good hydrogel absorbent for phase separation absorption of volatile organic compounds with a high capacity (for acetone: 4.75 g g-1), reusability, and an easy handling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuo Hou
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, and College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua Road 70, Shijiazhuang 050080, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Yu
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, and College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua Road 70, Shijiazhuang 050080, P. R. China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, and College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua Road 70, Shijiazhuang 050080, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wei
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, and College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua Road 70, Shijiazhuang 050080, P. R. China
| | - Jujie Ren
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, and College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua Road 70, Shijiazhuang 050080, P. R. China
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11
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Xin F, Lyu Q. A Review on Thermal Properties of Hydrogels for Electronic Devices Applications. Gels 2022; 9:gels9010007. [PMID: 36661775 PMCID: PMC9858193 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels, as a series of three-dimensional, crosslinked, hydrophilic network polymers, exhibit extraordinary properties in softness, mechanical robustness and biocompatibility, which have been extensively utilized in various fields, especially for electronic devices. However, since hydrogels contain plenty of water, the mechanical and electrochemical properties are susceptible to temperature. The thermal characteristics of hydrogels can significantly affect the performance of flexible electronic devices. In this review, recent research on the thermal characteristics of hydrogels and their applications in electronic devices is summarized. The focus of future work is also proposed. The thermal stability, thermoresponsiveness and thermal conductivity of hydrogels are discussed in detail. Anti-freezing and anti-drying properties are the critical points for the thermal stability of hydrogels. Methods such as introducing soluble ions and organic solvents into hydrogels, forming ionogels, modifying polymer chains and incorporating nanomaterials can improve the thermal stability of hydrogels under extreme environments. In addition, the critical solution temperature is crucial for thermoresponsive hydrogels. The thermoresponsive capacity of hydrogels is usually affected by the composition, concentration, crosslinking degree and hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristics of copolymers. In addition, the thermal conductivity of hydrogels plays a vital role in the electronics applications. Adding nanocomposites into hydrogels is an effective way to enhance the thermal conductivity of hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Qiang Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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12
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Zhang P, Wang K, Zuo Y, Wei M, Wang H, Chen Z, Shang N, Pei P. Enhanced Copolymer Gel Modified by Dual Surfactants for Flexible Zinc-Air Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:49109-49118. [PMID: 36272149 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Zinc-air batteries using gels as carriers for electrolyte absorption have attracted extensive attention due to their flexibility, deformability, and high specific capacity. However, traditional mono-polymer gel electrolytes display poor mechanical properties and low ionic conductivity at wide-window temperatures. Here, the enhanced gel polymer (PAM-F/G) modified by dual surfactants is present by way of pluronic F127 and layered graphene oxide introduced into the polyacrylamide (PAM) matrix. The gel electrolyte procured by absorbing 6 M KOH exhibits improved mechanical characteristics, temperature adaptability, and a satisfactory ionic conductivity (276 mS cm-1). The results demonstrate that a flexible zinc-air battery assembled by PAM-F/G electrolyte outputs a high power density (155 mW cm-2) and can even operate reliably (>40 h) at -20 °C. These findings are available for promoting the research and popularization of flexible zinc-air batteries with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Keliang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Lab. of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yayu Zuo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Manhui Wei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hengwei Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nuo Shang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Pucheng Pei
- State Key Lab. of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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13
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Wang Z, Valenzuela C, Wu J, Chen Y, Wang L, Feng W. Bioinspired Freeze-Tolerant Soft Materials: Design, Properties, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201597. [PMID: 35971186 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In nature, many biological organisms have developed the exceptional antifreezing ability to survive in extremely cold environments. Inspired by the freeze resistance of these organisms, researchers have devoted extensive efforts to develop advanced freeze-tolerant soft materials and explore their potential applications in diverse areas such as electronic skin, soft robotics, flexible energy, and biological science. Herein, a comprehensive overview on the recent advancement of freeze-tolerant soft materials and their emerging applications from the perspective of bioinspiration and advanced material engineering is provided. First, the mechanisms underlying the freeze tolerance of cold-enduring biological organisms are introduced. Then, engineering strategies for developing antifreezing soft materials are summarized. Thereafter, recent advances in freeze-tolerant soft materials for different technological applications such as smart sensors and actuators, energy harvesting and storage, and cryogenic medical applications are presented. Finally, future challenges and opportunities for the rapid development of bioinspired freeze-tolerant soft materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Cristian Valenzuela
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yuanhao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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14
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Peng K, Zhang J, Yang J, Lin L, Gan Q, Yang Z, Chen Y, Feng C. Green Conductive Hydrogel Electrolyte with Self-Healing Ability and Temperature Adaptability for Flexible Supercapacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39404-39419. [PMID: 35981091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels (CHs) are ideal electrolyte materials for the preparation of flexible supercapacitors (FSCs) due to their excellent electrochemical properties, mechanical properties, and deformation restorability. However, most of the reported CHs are prepared by the chemical crosslinking of synthetic polymers and thus usually display the disadvantages of poor self-healing abilities and nonadaptability at environmental temperatures, which greatly limits their application. To overcome these problems, in the present work, we constructed a sodium alginate-borax/gelatin double-network conductive hydrogel (CH) by a dynamic crosslinking between sodium alginate (SA) and borax via borate bonds and hydrogen bonding between amino acids in gelatin and SA chains. The CH displays an excellent elongation of 305.7% and fast self-healing behavior in 60 s. Furthermore, a phase-change material (PCM), Na2SO4·10H2O, was introduced into the CH, which, combined with the nucleation effect of borax, improved the ionic conductivity and temperature adaptability of the CH. The flexible supercapacitor (FSC) assembled with the obtained CH as the electrolyte exhibits a high specific capacitance of 185.3 F·g-1 at a current density of 0.25 A·g-1 and good stability with 84% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles and excellent temperature tolerance with a resistance variation of 2.11 Ω in the temperature range of -20-60 °C. This green CH shows great application potential as an electrolyte for FSCs, and the preparation method can be potentially expanded to the fabrication of self-repairing FSCs with good temperature adaptabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelin Peng
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jueying Yang
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Lin
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Gan
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ziming Yang
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, P. R. China
| | - Changgen Feng
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, P. R. China
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15
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Dai J, Qin H, Dong WX, Cong HP, Yu SH. Autonomous Self-Healing of Highly Stretchable Supercapacitors at All Climates. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6444-6453. [PMID: 35748657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Realizing autonomous self-healing and high stretchability of flexible supercapacitors over a wide temperature range remains a big challenge because of simultaneous incorporation of self-healing, stretchable and temperature-tolerant elements into a device as well as unfavorable electrochemical kinetics in harsh conditions. Here, we demonstrate for the first time an autonomous self-healing and intrinsically stretchable supercapacitor that can work at all-climate environments assembled by universally self-healing and highly stretchable organohydrogel electrodes with record-high temperature-invariant conductivity of ∼965 S/cm. Benefiting from multiple hydrogen bonding and dynamic metal coordination combined with electrochemistry-favorable components and integrated device configuration, the supercapacitor exhibits outstanding long-term stability, high stretchability, instantaneous and complete capacitive self-healability, and real-time mechanical healing at harsh temperatures from -35 to 80 °C. The superiorities in stretchability, self-healability, and all-climate tolerance enable the supercapacitor presented here as the best performer among the flexible supercapacitors reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Haili Qin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Dong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Huai-Ping Cong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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16
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Gong X, Zhao C, Wang Y, Luo Y, Zhang C. Antifreezing, Ionically Conductive, Transparent, and Antidrying Carboxymethyl Chitosan Self-Healing Hydrogels as Multifunctional Sensors. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3633-3643. [PMID: 35876253 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Through a simple strategy of immersion in a mixed solution of water/ethylene glycol (EG)/lithium chloride (LiCl), self-healing carboxymethyl chitosan (CA) hydrogels, that is, CA/N-vinylpyrrolidone-EG-Li+ hydrogels (CEH) with an ultra-low-temperature freezing resistance below -70 °C were fabricated. The introduction of electrolyte ions and small-molecule polyol also made these hydrogels highly conductive (0.8 S m-1) and imparted antidrying property to them, showing stable and reversible sensitivity to finger-wrist bending as well as 150 cycles of stretching. Such hydrogels also presented highly efficient self-healing ability, with a stress-strain healing efficiency of over 90%. Furthermore, the CEH-based sensors maintained a stable sensing performance over a wide range of temperatures below the freezing point (from -10 to -70 °C) and exhibited stable sensitivity to temperatures with fast response and no significant hysteresis. The present work is expected to provide a simple and sustainable route for the preparation of multifunctional antifreezing conductive hydrogels based on CA, leading to a wide range of potential applications in soft sensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhu Gong
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Caimei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
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17
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Environment-adaptable PAM/PVA Semi-IPN hydrogels reinforced by GO for high electromagnetic shielding performance. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Tao K, Chen Z, Yu J, Zeng H, Wu J, Wu Z, Jia Q, Li P, Fu Y, Chang H, Yuan W. Ultra-Sensitive, Deformable, and Transparent Triboelectric Tactile Sensor Based on Micro-Pyramid Patterned Ionic Hydrogel for Interactive Human-Machine Interfaces. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104168. [PMID: 35098703 PMCID: PMC8981453 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid advances in wearable electronics and mechno-sensational human-machine interfaces impose great challenges in developing flexible and deformable tactile sensors with high efficiency, ultra-sensitivity, environment-tolerance, and self-sustainability. Herein, a tactile hydrogel sensor (THS) based on micro-pyramid-patterned double-network (DN) ionic organohydrogels to detect subtle pressure changes by measuring the variations of triboelectric output signal without an external power supply is reported. By the first time of pyramidal-patterned hydrogel fabrication method and laminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) encapsulation process, the self-powered THS shows the advantages of remarkable flexibility, good transparency (≈85%), and excellent sensing performance, including extraordinary sensitivity (45.97 mV Pa-1 ), fast response (≈20 ms), very low limit of detection (50 Pa) as well as good stability (36 000 cycles). Moreover, with the LiBr immersion treatment method, the THS possesses excellent long-term hyper anti-freezing and anti-dehydrating properties, broad environmental tolerance (-20 to 60 °C), and instantaneous peak power density of 20 µW cm-2 , providing reliable contact outputs with different materials and detecting very slight human motions. By integrating the signal acquisition/process circuit, the THS with excellent self-power sensing ability is utilized as a switching button to control electric appliances and robotic hands by simulating human finger gestures, offering its great potentials for wearable and multi-functional electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
| | - Zhensheng Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
| | - Haozhe Zeng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Qingyan Jia
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE)Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME)Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE)Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME)Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE1 8STUK
| | - Honglong Chang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
| | - Weizheng Yuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
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19
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Liu Y, Wang P, Su X, Xu L, Tian Z, Wang H, Ji G, Huang J. Electrically Programmable Interfacial Adhesion for Ultrastrong Hydrogel Bonding. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108820. [PMID: 35102625 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adjustable interfacial adhesion is of great significance in smart-hydrogel-related engineering fields. This study presents an electroadhesion strategy for universal and ultrastrong hydrogel bonding with electrically programmable strength. An ionic hydrogel containing lithium ions is designed to achieve hydrated-ion-diffusion-mediated interfacial adhesion, where external electric fields are employed to precisely control spatiotemporal dynamics of the ion diffusion across ionic adhesion region (IAR). The hydrogel can realize a universal, ultrastrong, efficient, tough, reversible, and environmentally tolerant electroadhesion to diverse hydrogels, whose peak adhesion strength and interfacial adhesion toughness are as high as 1.2 MPa and 3750 J m-2 , respectively. With a mechanoelectric coupling model, the dominant role of the hydrated ions in IAR played in the interfacial electroadhesion is further quantitatively revealed. The proposed strategy opens a door for developing high-performance adhesion hydrogels with electrically programmable functions, which are indispensable for various emerging fields like flexible electronics and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Liu
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, China
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Pudi Wang
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xing Su
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Liang Xu
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhuoling Tian
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guojun Ji
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, China
| | - Jianyong Huang
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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20
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PVA/gelatin/β-CD-based rapid self-healing supramolecular dual-network conductive hydrogel as bidirectional strain sensor. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Liu S, Tian X, Zhang X, Xu C, Wang L, Xia Y. A green MXene-based organohydrogel with tunable mechanics and freezing tolerance for wearable strain sensors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Liu S, Zhang R, Mao J, Zhao Y, Cai Q, Guo Z. From room temperature to harsh temperature applications: Fundamentals and perspectives on electrolytes in zinc metal batteries. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn5097. [PMID: 35319992 PMCID: PMC8942368 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most competitive candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems, the emerging rechargeable zinc metal battery (ZMB) is inevitably influenced by beyond-room-temperature conditions, resulting in inferior performances. Although much attention has been paid to evaluating the performance of ZMBs under extreme temperatures in recent years, most academic electrolyte research has not provided adequate information about physical properties or practical testing protocols of their electrolytes, making it difficult to assess their true performance. The growing interest in ZMBs is calling for in-depth research on electrolyte behavior under harsh practical conditions, which has not been systematically reviewed yet. Hence, in this review, we first showcase the fundamentals behind the failure of ZMBs in terms of temperature influence and then present a comprehensive understanding of the current electrolyte strategies to improve battery performance at harsh temperatures. Last, we offer perspectives on the advance of ZMB electrolytes toward industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ruizhi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
- The Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, The Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Jianfeng Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Qiong Cai
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
- Corresponding author. (Z.G.); (Q.C.)
| | - Zaiping Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- The Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, The Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Corresponding author. (Z.G.); (Q.C.)
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23
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Li G, Li C, Li G, Yu D, Song Z, Wang H, Liu X, Liu H, Liu W. Development of Conductive Hydrogels for Fabricating Flexible Strain Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2101518. [PMID: 34658130 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels can be prepared by incorporating various conductive materials into polymeric network hydrogels. In recent years, conductive hydrogels have been developed and applied in the field of strain sensors owing to their unique properties, such as electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, self-healing, and anti-freezing properties. These remarkable properties allow conductive hydrogel-based strain sensors to show excellent performance for identifying external stimuli and detecting human body movement, even at subzero temperatures. This review summarizes the properties of conductive hydrogels and their application in the fabrication of strain sensors working in different modes. Finally, a brief prospectus for the development of conductive hydrogels in the future is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Guodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Zhaoping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Huili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan (iAIR), Jinan, 250022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Wenxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
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24
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Shi Q, Mao J, Cai Y, Gao H, Li S, Cheng D. Bioinspired ionic hydrogel materials with excellent antifouling properties and high conductivity in dry and cold environments. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00750a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bioinspired ionic hydrogel-based antifouling material with excellent adaptability has been constructed, featured with ultralow adhesion to various solid/viscous liquid deposition, high ionic conductivity, and excellent mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048, China
| | - Jiale Mao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048, China
| | - Yudong Cai
- Synthetic Resin Laboratory, Petrochemical Research Institute, Petrochina, 102206, China
| | - Hainan Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048, China
| | - Shuhong Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048, China
| | - Donghao Cheng
- China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology & Engineering and Technical Research Centre of Civil Aviation Safety Analysis and Prevention of Beijing, Beijing 100028, China
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25
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Jiang D, Wang H, Wu S, Sun X, Li J. Flexible Zinc-Air Battery with High Energy Efficiency and Freezing Tolerance Enabled by DMSO-Based Organohydrogel Electrolyte. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101043. [PMID: 35041284 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of various flexible electronics, the flexible zinc-air battery (ZAB) is considered a promising energy source with low cost, high energy density, and safety. However, gel electrolytes that improve the freezing tolerance and energy efficiency of ZABs are rarely explored. Herein, an organohydrogel electrolyte (OHE) is fabricated by soaking poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid)/polyacrylamide (PAMPS/PAAm) double-network hydrogel in aqueous KOH electrolyte with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) additive. The prepared OHE exhibits high mechanical strength and excellent ionic conductivity. In addition, the introduction of DMSO effectively improves freezing tolerance and electrochemical performance especially in energy efficiency of ZABs due to that DMSO can break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules and alter the path of the conventional oxygen evolution reaction in ZAB simultaneously. Compared with the control hydrogel electrolyte, the optimized OHE enables flexible ZABs to not only exhibit an exceptionally low charge voltage of 1.63 V, high energy efficiency of 74.2%, and long cycling life of 177 cycles, but also to operate with an excellent specific capacity of 562 mAh g-1 and energy density of 523.4 Wh kg-1 at -40 °C. Moreover, the obtained flexible ZABs keep a stable output under deformations and extreme low temperature, manifesting a great potential for functional wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingqing Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Juan Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
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Lin Q, Ke C. Conductive and anti-freezing hydrogels constructed by pseudo-slide-ring networks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:250-253. [PMID: 34878453 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05527e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable, tough, and anti-freezing hydrogels were prepared using partially carboxymethylated polyrotaxanes and polyacrylamides. The carboxylic acid groups of α-cyclodextrins in the polyrotaxane and the amide groups in polyacrylamide are hydrogen-bonded, affording a pseudo-slide-ring network, greatly enhancing the hydrogels' macroscale mechanical properties, anti-freezing features, and electrical conductivity for the fabrication of a cold-temperature strain sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - Chenfeng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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27
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An Electret/Hydrogel-Based Tactile Sensor Boosted by Micro-Patterned and Electrostatic Promoting Methods with Flexibility and Wide-Temperature Tolerance. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12121462. [PMID: 34945313 PMCID: PMC8703319 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With the rising demand for wearable, multifunctional, and flexible electronics, plenty of efforts aiming at wearable devices have been devoted to designing sensors with greater efficiency, wide environment tolerance, and good sustainability. Herein, a thin film of double-network ionic hydrogel with a solution replacement treatment method is fabricated, which not only possesses excellent stretchability (>1100%) and good transparency (>80%), but also maintains a wide application temperature range (-10~40 °C). Moreover, the hydrogel membrane further acts as both the flexible electrode and a triboelectric layer, with a larger friction area achieved through a micro-structure pattern method. Combining this with a corona-charged fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film, an electret/hydrogel-based tactile sensor (EHTS) is designed and fabricated. The output performance of the EHTS is effectively boosted by 156.3% through the hybrid of triboelectric and electrostatic effects, which achieves the open-circuit peak voltage of 12.5 V, short-circuit current of 0.5 μA, and considerable power of 4.3 μW respectively, with a mentionable size of 10 mm × 10 mm × 0.9 mm. The EHTS also demonstrates a stable output characteristic within a wide range of temperature tolerance from -10 to approximately 40 °C and can be further integrated into a mask for human breath monitoring, which could provide for a reliable healthcare service during the COVID-19 pandemic. In general, the EHTS shows excellent potential in the fields of healthcare devices and wearable electronics.
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28
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Yin S, Su G, Chen J, Peng X, Zhou T. Ultra-Stretchable and Self-Healing Anti-Freezing Strain Sensors Based on Hydrophobic Associated Polyacrylic Acid Hydrogels. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6165. [PMID: 34683757 PMCID: PMC8538095 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Water-rich conductive hydrogels with excellent stretchability are promising in strain sensors due to their potential application in flexible electronics. However, the features of being water-rich also limit their working environment. Hydrogels must be frozen at subzero temperatures and dried out under ambient conditions, leading to a loss of mechanical and electric properties. Herein, we prepare HAGx hydrogels (a polyacrylic acid (HAPAA) hydrogel in a binary water-glycerol solution, where x is the mass ratio of water to glycerol), in which the water is replaced with water-glycerol mixed solutions. The as-prepared HAGx hydrogels show great anti-freezing properties at a range of -70 to 25 °C, as well as excellent moisture stability (the weight retention rate was as high as 93% after 14 days). With the increase of glycerol, HAGx hydrogels demonstrate a superior stretchable and self-healing ability, which could even be stretched to more than 6000% without breaking, and had a 100% self-healing efficiency. The HAGx hydrogels had good self-healing ability at subzero temperatures. In addition, HAGx hydrogels also had eye-catching adhesive properties and transparency, which is helpful when used as strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (S.Y.); (G.S.); (J.C.); (X.P.)
| | - Gehong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (S.Y.); (G.S.); (J.C.); (X.P.)
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (S.Y.); (G.S.); (J.C.); (X.P.)
| | - Xiaoyan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (S.Y.); (G.S.); (J.C.); (X.P.)
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (S.Y.); (G.S.); (J.C.); (X.P.)
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29
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Surjadi JU, Zhou Y, Wang T, Yang Y, Kai JJ, Lu Y, Wang Z. 3D architected temperature-tolerant organohydrogels with ultra-tunable energy absorption. iScience 2021; 24:102789. [PMID: 34278275 PMCID: PMC8271157 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of mechanical metamaterials such as strength and energy absorption are often “locked” upon being manufactured. While there have been attempts to achieve tunable mechanical properties, state-of-the-art approaches still cannot achieve high strength/energy absorption with versatile tunability simultaneously. Herein, we fabricate for the first time, 3D architected organohydrogels with specific energy absorption that is readily tunable in an unprecedented range up to 5 × 103 (from 0.0035 to 18.5 J g−1) by leveraging on the energy dissipation induced by the synergistic combination of hydrogen bonding and metal coordination. The 3D architected organohydrogels also possess anti-freezing and non-drying properties facilitated by the hydrogen bonding between ethylene glycol and water. In a broader perspective, this work demonstrates a new type of architected metamaterials with the ability to produce a large range of mechanical properties using only a single material system, pushing forward the applications of mechanical metamaterials to broader possibilities. The first fabrication of 3D architected organohydrogels by Digital Light Processing Two-step toughening effect of organohydrogels by metal coordination and hydrogen bonding 3D structures achieved ultra-tunable range of specific energy absorption up to 5000 x 3D architected organohydrogels were demonstrated as tunable impact attenuators
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Affiliation(s)
- James Utama Surjadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yongsen Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ji-Jung Kai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Nano-Manufacturing Laboratory (NML), Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhang Z, Hao J. Bioinspired organohydrogels with heterostructures: Fabrications, performances, and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 292:102408. [PMID: 33932827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since emerging in 1960, the artificial hydrogels have garnered enormous attentions in scientific community due to their high level of similarities to biological soft tissues in both structures and properties. With the proceeding of research, the concern of hydrogels is gradually shifted from fundamental investigation to abundant functionalization. In contrast to the natural soft tissues, the current artificial hydrogels still possess relatively simple structures and unsatisfactory environmental adaptability, extremely limiting their practical applications in complex environments. Enlightened by the prominent adaptability of biological organisms, the binary cooperative complementary principle is utilized to develop bioinspired organohydrogels by combining two components with opposite but cooperative physiochemical features. The present review provides the advanced progresses of bioinspired organohydrogels with sophisticated heterogeneous networks and desirably environmental adaptabilities. We clearly summarize the synthesizing strategies in regard to both corresponding mechanisms and typical examples, including macroscopic organohydrogels, organohydrogels with binary solvent, organohydrogels with heteronetworks, and emulsion-based organohydrogels. Meanwhile, the intriguing features of the reported organohydrogels, such as temperature resistance, switchable mechanics, adaptive wettability, and opposite components compatibility, are also clearly highlighted with a short overview of their promising applications. Ultimately, the current challenges and perspectives on the future development of bioinspired organohydrogels are also discussed.
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31
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Shin W, Kim JS, Choi HJ, Kim H, Park S, Lee HJ, Choi MK, Chung K. 3D Antidrying Antifreezing Artificial Skin Device with Self-Healing and Touch Sensing Capability. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100011. [PMID: 33690960 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are attractive, active materials for various e-skin devices based on their unique functionalities such as flexibility and biocompatibility. Still, e-skin devices are generally limited to simple structures, and the realization of optimal-shaped 3D e-skin devices for target applications is an intriguing issue of interest. Furthermore, hydrogels intrinsically suffer from drying and freezing issues in operational capability for practical applications. Herein, 3D artificial skin devices are demonstrated with highly improved device stability. The devices are fabricated in a target-oriented 3D structure by extrusion-based 3D printing, spontaneously heal mechanical damage, and enable stable device operation over time and under freezing conditions. Based on the material design to improve drying and freezing resistance, an organohydrogel, prepared by solvent displacement of hydrogel with ethylene glycol for 3 h, exhibits excellent drying resistance over 1000 h and improved freezing resistance by showing no phase transition down to -60 °C while maintaining its self-healing functionality. Based on the improved drying and freezing resistance, artificial skin devices in target-oriented optimal 3D structures are presented, which enable accurate positioning of touchpoints even on a complicated 3D structure stably over time and excellent operation at temperatures below 0 °C without losing their flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woohyeon Shin
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science(KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jun Seop Kim
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science(KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Hui Ju Choi
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science(KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Heesung Kim
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science(KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Sulbin Park
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science(KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Lee
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science(KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea.,Center for Multidimensional Programmable Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Kyeongwoon Chung
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science(KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea
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32
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Wang Z, Chen L, Chen Y, Liu P, Duan H, Cheng P. 3D Printed Ultrastretchable, Hyper-Antifreezing Conductive Hydrogel for Sensitive Motion and Electrophysiological Signal Monitoring. RESEARCH 2021; 2020:1426078. [PMID: 33623900 PMCID: PMC7877384 DOI: 10.34133/2020/1426078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels with high stretchability can extend their applications as a flexible electrode in electronics, biomedicine, human-machine interfaces, and sensors. However, their time-consuming fabrication and narrow ranges of working temperature and working voltage severely limit their further potential applications. Herein, a conductive nanocomposite network hydrogel fabricated by projection microstereolithography (PμSL) based 3D printing is proposed, enabling fast fabrication ability with high precision. The 3D printed hydrogels exhibit ultra-stretchability (2500%), hyper-antifreezing (-125°C), extremely low working voltage (<100 μV), and super cyclic tensile stability (1 million cycles). The hydrogel-based strain sensor can probe both large-scale and tiny human motions, even with ultralow voltage of 100 μV at extremely low temperature around −115°C. It is demonstrated that the present hydrogels can be used as a flexible electrode for capturing human electrophysiological signals (EOG and EEG), where the alpha and beta waves from the brain can be recorded precisely. Therefore, the present hydrogels will pave the way for the development of next-generation intelligent electronics, especially for those working under extremely low-temperature environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Wang
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lei Chen
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Peng Liu
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Huigao Duan
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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33
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Wang J, Ma Z, Wang Y, Shao J, Yan L. Ultra‐Stretchable, Self‐Healing, Conductive, and Transparent PAA/DES Ionic Gel. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000445. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiake Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Zhongzheng Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Jingwen Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Lifeng Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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34
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Li C, Deng X, Zhou X. Synthesis Antifreezing and Antidehydration Organohydrogels: One-Step In-Situ Gelling versus Two-Step Solvent Displacement. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2670. [PMID: 33198210 PMCID: PMC7696091 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organohydrogels with distinct antifreezing and antidehydration properties have aroused great interest among researchers, and various organohydrogels and organohydrogel-based applications have emerged recently. There are two popular synthesis strategies to prepare these antifreezing and antidehydration organohydrogels: the in-situ gelling and the solvent displacement strategies. Although both strategies have been widely applied, there is a lack of comparative study of these two strategies. In this work, to elucidate the comparative advantages of the two synthesis strategies, we studied and compared the mechanical and environmental tolerant properties of the organohydrogels synthesized from both strategies. The glycerol-based and ethylene glycol-based chemical polyacrylamide (PAAm) organohydrogel and the glycerol-based physical gelatin organohydrogel were synthesized and studied. Through the comparative study, we have found that the organohydrogels from different strategies with the same dispersion medium showed similar antifreezing and antidehydration properties but different mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of these organohydrogels are influenced by two opposite factors for each strategy: the enhanced physical interactions induced strengthening and solvent effect or swelling induced weakening. We hope this study may provide a better understanding of the synthesis strategies of organohydrogels and provide a valuable guide to choose the suitable synthesis strategy for each application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaohu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.L.); (X.D.)
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35
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Su X, Wang H, Tian Z, Duan X, Chai Z, Feng Y, Wang Y, Fan Y, Huang J. A Solvent Co-cross-linked Organogel with Fast Self-Healing Capability and Reversible Adhesiveness at Extreme Temperatures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:29757-29766. [PMID: 32515578 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antifreezing gels are promising in diverse engineering applications such as structural soft matters, sensors, and wearable devices. However, the capability of fast self-healing and reversible adhesiveness still remain a huge challenge for gels at extreme temperatures. Here, we proposed a solvent-involved cross-linking system composed of polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, borax, ethylene glycol, and water, capable of antifreezing below -90 °C. It was not only antifreezing, anticrystalline, and abundant in dynamic bonds but also highly transparent, stretchable (over 800%), and conductive over the scope of temperature from -60 to 60 °C. Moreover, this gel could self-heal within 1 min and repeatedly adhere to multiple substrates including glass, metal, and rubber with an adhesive strength greater than 18 kPa. These key functions of the gel could be mostly preserved after 5 days of storage at 70% relative humidity. It is anticipated that our research opens a new scope for high-performance extreme environment-tolerant adhesives or wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Su
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Environmental Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 101601, China
| | - Zhuoling Tian
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaocen Duan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihua Chai
- College of Environmental Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 101601, China
| | - Yuting Feng
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- College of Environmental Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 101601, China
| | - Yi Fan
- College of Environmental Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 101601, China
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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36
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Zhang JW, Dong DD, Guan XY, Zhang EM, Chen YM, Yang K, Zhang YX, Khan MMB, Arfat Y, Aziz Y. Physical Organohydrogels With Extreme Strength and Temperature Tolerance. Front Chem 2020; 8:102. [PMID: 32211372 PMCID: PMC7076117 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tough gel with extreme temperature tolerance is a class of soft materials having potential applications in the specific fields that require excellent integrated properties under subzero temperature. Herein, physically crosslinked Europium (Eu)-alginate/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) organohydrogels that do not freeze at far below 0°C, while retention of high stress and stretchability is demonstrated. These organohydrogels are synthesized through displacement of water swollen in polymer networks of hydrogel to cryoprotectants (e.g., ethylene glycol, glycerol, and d-sorbitol). The organohydrogels swollen water-cryoprotectant binary systems can be recovered to their original shapes when be bent, folded and even twisted after being cooled down to a temperature as low as -20 and -45°C, due to lower vapor pressure and ice-inhibition of cryoprotectants. The physical organohydrogels exhibit the maximum stress (5.62 ± 0.41 MPa) and strain (7.63 ± 0.02), which is about 10 and 2 times of their original hydrogel, due to the synergistic effect of multiple hydrogen bonds, coordination bonds and dense polymer networks. Based on these features, such physically crosslinked organohydrogels with extreme toughness and wide temperature tolerance is a promising soft material expanding the applications of gels in more specific and harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education (Shaanxi University of Science & Technology), Xi'an, China
| | - Dian Dian Dong
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education (Shaanxi University of Science & Technology), Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Yu Guan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education (Shaanxi University of Science & Technology), Xi'an, China
| | - En Mian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, International Center for Applied Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Mei Chen
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education (Shaanxi University of Science & Technology), Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, International Center for Applied Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education (Shaanxi University of Science & Technology), Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Xia Zhang
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Malik Muhammad Bilal Khan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education (Shaanxi University of Science & Technology), Xi'an, China
| | - Yasir Arfat
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education (Shaanxi University of Science & Technology), Xi'an, China
| | - Yasir Aziz
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education (Shaanxi University of Science & Technology), Xi'an, China
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Xu J, Wu C, Qiu Y, Tang X, Zeng D. Novel Elastically Stretchable Metal-Organic Framework Laden Hydrogel with Pearl-Net Microstructure and Freezing Resistance through Post-Synthetic Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900573. [PMID: 32022971 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite hydrogels (NCs) with mechanical properties suitable for a diverse range of applications can be made by combining polymer hydrogel networks with various inorganic nanoparticles. However, the mechanical properties and functions of conventional NCs are seriously limited by the poor structural or functional tunability of common nanofillers and by the low amounts of such fillers that can be added. Here, the fabrication of novel elastically stretchable and compressible nanocomposite hydrogels (MIL-101-MAAm/PAAm) with a distinctive pearl-net microstructure and a metal-organic framework (MOF) content in the range of 20-60 wt% through post-synthetic polymerization (PSP) is reported. The MOFs, which are compatible with polymers and have a high degree of modifiability in structure and functions, are used as nanofillers. Such MOF-laden hydrogels can withstand 500% tensile strain or 90% compressive strain without fracture and recover quickly upon unloading. They are also resistant to freezing at -25 °C. In addition, the problems associated with poor flexibility and processability of MOFs are overcome by the hybridization of hydrogel polymer matrices with MOFs. The results of this work not only provide a new perspective on preparing NCs but also indicate a promising path for applying MOFs in flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Street, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Congyi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Street, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yue Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Street, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xing Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Street, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Dawen Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Street, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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Zhou X, Li C, Zhu L, Zhou X. Engineering hydrogels by soaking: from mechanical strengthening to environmental adaptation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13731-13747. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05130f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The soaking strategy could not only strengthen hydrogels with superior mechanical properties but also provide the hydrogels with environmentally adapting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Chun Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Lifei Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Xuechang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
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Li S, Xu J, Yao G, Liu H. Self-Adhesive, Self-Healable, and Triple-Responsive Hydrogel Doped with Polydopamine as an Adsorbent toward Methylene Blue. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Guohong Yao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
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