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Dong Z, Jiang Y, Wang S, Xing J, Ding D, Zheng H, Wang H, Huang C, Yin D, Song Q, Zhao B, Hao J. Spatially and Temporally Differentiated NO x and VOCs Emission Abatement Could Effectively Gain O 3-Related Health Benefits. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9570-9581. [PMID: 38781138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The increasing level of O3 pollution in China significantly exacerbates the long-term O3 health damage, and an optimized health-oriented strategy for NOx and VOCs emission abatement is needed. Here, we developed an integrated evaluation and optimization system for the O3 control strategy by merging a response surface model for the O3-related mortality and an optimization module. Applying this system to the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), we evaluated driving factors for mortality changes from 2013 to 2017, quantified spatial and temporal O3-related mortality responses to precursor emission abatement, and optimized a health-oriented control strategy. Results indicate that insufficient NOx emission abatement combined with deficient VOCs control from 2013 to 2017 aggravated O3-related mortality, particularly during spring and autumn. Northern YRD should promote VOCs control due to higher VOC-limited characteristics, whereas fastening NOx emission abatement is more favorable in southern YRD. Moreover, promotion of NOx mitigation in late spring and summer and facilitating VOCs control in spring and autumn could further reduce O3-related mortality by nearly 10% compared to the control strategy without seasonal differences. These findings highlight that a spatially and temporally differentiated NOx and VOCs emission control strategy could gain more O3-related health benefits, offering valuable insights to regions with severe ozone pollution all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Dong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yueqi Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia Xing
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dian Ding
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Haotian Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Dejia Yin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qian Song
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
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Kusumaningtyas SDA, Tonokura K, Muharsyah R, Gunawan D, Sopaheluwakan A, Iriana W, Lestari P, Permadi DA, Rahmawati R, Samputra NAR. Comprehensive analysis of long-term trends, meteorological influences, and ozone formation sensitivity in the Jakarta Greater Area. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9605. [PMID: 38671080 PMCID: PMC11053138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Jakarta Greater Area (JGA) has encountered recurrent challenges of air pollution, notably, high ozone levels. We investigate the trends of surface ozone (O3) changes from the air quality monitoring stations and resolve the contribution of meteorological drivers in urban Jakarta (2010-2019) and rural Bogor sites (2017-2019) using stepwise Multi Linear Regression. During 10 years of measurement, 41% of 1-h O3 concentrations exceeded Indonesia' s national threshold in Jakarta. In Bogor, 0.1% surpassed the threshold during 3 years of available data records. The monthly average of maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) O3 anomalies exhibited a downward trend at Jakarta sites while increasing at the rural site of Bogor. Meteorological and anthropogenic drivers contribute 30% and 70%, respectively, to the interannual O3 anomalies in Jakarta. Ozone formation sensitivity with satellite demonstrates that a slight decrease in NO2 and an increase in HCHO contributed to declining O3 in Jakarta with 10 years average of HCHO to NO2 ratio (FNR) of 3.7. Conversely, O3 increases in rural areas with a higher FNR of 4.4, likely due to the contribution from the natural emission of O3 precursors and the influence of meteorological factors that magnify the concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Dewi Ayu Kusumaningtyas
- Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics of the Republic of Indonesia (BMKG), Jl. Angkasa I, No.2, Kemayoran, Jakarta, 10720, Indonesia.
- Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Tonokura
- Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan.
| | - Robi Muharsyah
- Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics of the Republic of Indonesia (BMKG), Jl. Angkasa I, No.2, Kemayoran, Jakarta, 10720, Indonesia
| | - Dodo Gunawan
- School of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (STMKG), Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics of Republic of Indonesia (BMKG), Pondok Betung, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Ardhasena Sopaheluwakan
- Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics of the Republic of Indonesia (BMKG), Jl. Angkasa I, No.2, Kemayoran, Jakarta, 10720, Indonesia
| | - Windy Iriana
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jl. Ganesa No. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Center for Environmental Studies, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jl. Sangkuriang No.42 A, Bandung, 40135, Indonesia
| | - Puji Lestari
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jl. Ganesa No. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Didin Agustian Permadi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, National Institute of Technology (ITENAS), Jl. PKH. Mustopha No.23, Bandung, 40124, Indonesia
| | - R Rahmawati
- Jakarta Provincial Environmental Agency, Jl. Mandala V No.67, RT.1/RW.2, Cililitan, Jakarta, 13640, Indonesia
| | - Nofi Azzah Rawaani Samputra
- Jakarta Provincial Environmental Agency, Jl. Mandala V No.67, RT.1/RW.2, Cililitan, Jakarta, 13640, Indonesia
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Li Y, Wu Z, Ji Y, Chen T, Li H, Gao R, Xue L, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Yang X. Comparison of the ozone formation mechanisms and VOCs apportionment in different ozone pollution episodes in urban Beijing in 2019 and 2020: Insights for ozone pollution control strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168332. [PMID: 37949143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution has been a tough issue in urban areas of China in the past decade. Clarifying the formation mechanisms of O3 and the sources of its precursors is necessary for the effective prevention of O3 pollution. In this study, a comparative analysis of O3 formation mechanisms and VOCs apportionment for five O3 pollution episodes was carried out at two urban sites (CRAES and CGZ) in Beijing in 2019 and 2020 by applying an observation-based modeling approach in order to obtain insights into O3 pollution control strategies. Results indicated that O3 pollution levels were generally more severe in 2019 than in 2020 during the observation periods. O3 formation at the two sites was both VOCs-limited on O3 polluted days and non-O3 polluted days. Stronger atmospheric oxidation capacity and ROx radicals cycling processes were found on O3 polluted days which could accelerate the local production of O3, and local photochemical production dominated the observed O3 concentrations at the two sites even on non-O3 polluted days. Emission reduction of VOCs should be a priority for mitigating O3 pollution, and alkenes and biogenic VOCs was the priority species at the CRAES and CGZ sites, respectively. Additionally, the reduction of oxygenated VOCs should also be important for the ozone control. Gasoline exhaust at the CRAES site, and solvent utilization and fuel evaporation at the CGZ site were main anthropogenic sources of VOCs. Therefore, local control measures should be further strengthened and differentiated control strategies of VOCs in the aspects of area, time, sources and species should be adopted in urban Beijing in the future. Overall, the findings of this study could provide a scientific understanding of the causes of O3 pollution and significant guidelines for formulating O3 control strategies from the perspective of different ozone pollution episodes in urban Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China
| | - Zhenhai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tianshu Chen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Rui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Guan Y, Shen Y, Wu T, Su W, Li D, Ni S, Zhang T, Han J, Duan E. Urban canopy height ozone distribution in a Chinese inland city: Effects of anthropogenic NO emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167448. [PMID: 37777121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
With the increase of urban building height, people pay more and more attention to the characteristics of pollutants in urban canopy height. This study combined the generalized additive model (GAM) and the observation-based model (OBM) to explore the vertical characteristics and drivers of ozone (O3) based on meteorology tower (200 m) data to quantify the effects of factors and photochemical reactions on O3 formation at different heights. The F values of GAM reflect the importance of each factor, indicating that NO (F is 33.99 in the peak season, 36.72 in the non-peak season) was the dominant driver of O3 and was more important in the lower layer (20-116 m). Temperature (F is 35.42) was the main contributor to O3 pollution in the peak season, especially for O3 in the upper layer (116-200 m). The net O3 production rate in the peak season was 1.47 times that in the non-peak season due to strong photochemical reactions and meteorological conditions. And the net O3 production rate decreased sharply with increasing height in the two seasons. Less net O3 production in the upper layer was accompanied by a higher O3 mixing ratio, which indicated that there was more background O3 in the upper layer. OBM model results showed that the reaction between hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) and NO was the primary contribution pathway, accounting for 54.00 % and 57.50 % in the peak and non-peak seasons, respectively. O3 formation was highly sensitive to VOCs, while NOx reduction could have positive or negative effects on O3 depending on the levels of hydroxyl radical (OH). The understanding of the formation mechanism of O3 and the influence of NO on O3 provides insights into the importance of anthropogenic activities at urban canopy heights in shaping the vertical structure of O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Volatile Organic Compounds and Odorous Pollution Control, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Ying Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Tianyuan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Wenkang Su
- HeBei Provincial Academy of Ecological Environmental Science, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Dong Li
- Shijiazhuang City Environmental Prediction and Forecast Center, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Shuangying Ni
- HeBei Provincial Academy of Ecological Environmental Science, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Shijiazhuang Environmental Monitoring Center, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Jing Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Volatile Organic Compounds and Odorous Pollution Control, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Erhong Duan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Volatile Organic Compounds and Odorous Pollution Control, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
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Zhang Y, Shi J, Ma Y, Yu N, Zheng P, Chen Z, Wang T, Jia G. Association between Air Pollution and Lipid Profiles. TOXICS 2023; 11:894. [PMID: 37999546 PMCID: PMC10675150 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a critical factor in the development of atherosclerosis and consequent cardiovascular disease. Numerous pieces of evidence demonstrate the association between air pollution and abnormal blood lipids. Although the results of epidemiological studies on the link between air pollution and blood lipids are unsettled due to different research methods and conditions, most of them corroborate the harmful effects of air pollution on blood lipids. Mechanism studies have revealed that air pollution may affect blood lipids via oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hypothalamic hormone and epigenetic changes. Moreover, there is a risk of metabolic diseases associated with air pollution, including fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, which are often accompanied by dyslipidemia. Therefore, it is biologically plausible that air pollution affects blood lipids. The overall evidence supports that air pollution has a deleterious effect on blood lipid health. However, further research into susceptibility, indoor air pollution, and gaseous pollutants is required, and the issue of assessing the effects of mixtures of air pollutants remains an obstacle for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (J.S.); (Y.M.); (N.Y.); (P.Z.); (G.J.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (J.S.); (Y.M.); (N.Y.); (P.Z.); (G.J.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (J.S.); (Y.M.); (N.Y.); (P.Z.); (G.J.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nairui Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (J.S.); (Y.M.); (N.Y.); (P.Z.); (G.J.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pai Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (J.S.); (Y.M.); (N.Y.); (P.Z.); (G.J.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhangjian Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (J.S.); (Y.M.); (N.Y.); (P.Z.); (G.J.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Z.); (J.S.); (Y.M.); (N.Y.); (P.Z.); (G.J.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
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Hui L, Feng X, Yuan Q, Chen Y, Xu Y, Zheng P, Lee S, Wang Z. Abundant oxygenated volatile organic compounds and their contribution to photochemical pollution in subtropical Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122287. [PMID: 37562529 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are ubiquitous pollutants in the urban and regional atmosphere, promote the formation of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols, thereby significantly affecting the air quality and human health. The ambient VOCs at a coastal suburban site in Hong Kong were continuously measured using proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) from November 2020 to December 2020. 83 VOC species, including 23 CxHy, 53 CxHyO1-3, and 7 nitrogen-containing species, were measured during the campaign, with a mean concentration of 36.75 ppb. Oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) accounted for most (77.4%) of the measured species, including CxHyO1 (50.7%) and CxHyO2 (25.1%). The measured VOC species exhibited distinct temporal and diurnal variations. High concentrations of isoprene and OVOCs were measured in autumn with more active photochemistry, whereas large evening peaks of aromatics from local and regional primary emissions were prominent in winter. The OH reactivity and O3 formation potential (OFP) of key precursors were quantified. OVOCs contributed about half of the total OH reactivity and OFP, followed by alkenes and aromatics, and the contribution of aromatics increased significantly in winter. The potential source contribution function was used to investigate the potential source regions associated with high VOC concentrations. Through positive matrix factorization analysis, six major sources were identified based on fingerprint molecules. The contributions of biogenic sources and secondary formation to the observed species were notable in late autumn, whereas vehicle emissions and solid fuel combustion had higher contributions in winter. The findings highlight the important role of OVOCs in photochemical pollution and provide valuable insights for the development of effective pollution control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Hui
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Penggang Zheng
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shuncheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
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Wang Y, Sun M, Qiao X, Feng X, Zhang X, Wang J, Zhang J. A WRF-CMAQ modeling of atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate and source apportionment in Central China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165033. [PMID: 37355137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), as an essential constituent in the photochemical smog, is formed from photochemical reactions between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and NOx. However, limited regional studies on distribution, formation and sources of PAN restrict the further understanding of the atmospheric behavior and environmental significance of PAN. In this study, the variation characteristics of PAN and the influencing factors to PAN concentrations were investigated using the WRF-CMAQ model simulation in the central China during July 2019. The results showed that the monthly mean concentration of PAN in the near-surface layer was 0.4 ppbv and increased with the height rising, accompanied by strong intra-day variation. The process analysis suggested that the removal was mainly controlled by dry deposition (57 %), followed by the gas-phase chemistry (43 %) which was mainly attributed to the thermal decomposition. Based on the sensitivity simulation, PAN concentrations decreased effectively in most of the simulated regions when precursors of VOCs and NOx emissions were reduced, and PAN concentrations were more sensitive to VOCs emissions than NOx emissions. The reduction of NOx and VOCs could lead to enhanced atmospheric oxidation in east-central region, which in turn hindered the decrease of PAN concentrations. During the simulation period, we found that emissions from industry and transportation sectors had the greatest impact on PAN concentrations in the central China, with contributions of 39 %-49 % and 33 %-41 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mei Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Ecological Environment Assessment and Complaints Center, Beijing 100161, China
| | - Xueqi Qiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Feng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Xiaole Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland.
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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8
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Guo X, Su W, Wang H, Li N, Song Q, Liang Q, Sun C, Liang M, Zhou Z, Song EJ, Sun Y. Short-term exposure to ambient ozone and cardiovascular mortality in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:958-975. [PMID: 35438585 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2066070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major public health concern in China. Notwithstanding this, there is limited evidence regarding the impact of short-term exposure to ambient ozone on cardiovascular mortality in the Chinese population. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to address this important question. The random-effects model was applied to pool the results from individual studies. Finally, 32 effect estimates extracted from 19 studies were pooled in this meta-analysis. The pooled relative risk for cardiovascular mortality for each 10 µg/m3 increment in ozone concentration was 1.0068 (95% CI: 1.0049, 1.0086). Ths significant positive association between ozone exposure and cardiovascular mortality was also observed in different two-pollutant models. This meta-analysis revealed that exposure to ozone was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in China, and more efforts on controlling the population from ozone are needed to improve cardiovascular health of Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Wanying Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxia Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Qiwei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- Internal Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mingming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Evelyn J Song
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, P.R. China
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9
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Wang Q, Sheng D, Wu C, Zhao J, Li F, Yao S, Ou X, Li W, Chen J. Exploring ozone formation rules and concentration response to the change of precursors based on artificial neural network simulation in a typical industrial park. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20125. [PMID: 37810165 PMCID: PMC10559865 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial parks have more complex O3 formation mechanisms due to a higher concentration and more dense emission of precursors. This study establishes an artificial neural network (ANN) model with good performance by expanding the moment and concentration changes of pollutants into general variables of meteorological factors and concentrations of pollutants. Finally, the O3 formation rules and concentration response to the changes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) was explored. The results showed that the studied area belonged to the NOx-sensitive regime and the sensitivity was strongly affected by relative humidity (RH) and pressure (P). The concentration of O3 tends to decrease with a higher P, lower temperature (Temp), and medium to low RH when nitric oxide (NO) is added. Conversely, at medium P, high Temp, and high RH, the addition of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) leads to a larger decrease capacity in O3 concentration. More importantly, there is a local reachable maximum incremental reactivity (MIRL) at each certain VOCs concentration level which linearly increased with VOCs. The general maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) may lead to a significant overestimation of the attainable O3 concentration in NOx-sensitive regimes. The results can significantly support the local management strategies for O3 and the precursors control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Dongping Sheng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Chengzhi Wu
- Trinity Consultants, Inc. (China Office), Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jingkai Zhao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Feili Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Shengdong Yao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Xiaojie Ou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
- Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
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10
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Ren HH, Cheng Y, Wu F, Gu ZL, Cao JJ, Huang Y, Xue YG, Cui L, Zhang YW, Chow JC, Watson JG, Zhang RJ, Lee SC, Wang YL, Liu S. Spatiotemporal characteristics of ozone and the formation sensitivity over the Fenwei Plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163369. [PMID: 37030366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High surface ozone (O3) levels affect human and environmental health. The Fenwei Plain (FWP), one of the critical regions for China's "Blue Sky Protection Campaign", has reported severe O3 pollution. This study investigates the spatiotemporal properties and the causes of O3 pollution over the FWP using high-resolution data from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) from 2019 to 2021. This study characterizes spatial and temporal variations in O3 concentration by linking O3 columns and surface monitoring using a trained deep forest machine learning model. O3 concentrations in summer were 2-3 times higher than those found in winter due to higher temperatures and greater solar irradiation. The spatial distributions of O3 correlate with the solar radiation showing decreased trends from the northeastern to the southwestern FWP, with the highest O3 values in Shanxi Province and the lowest in Shaanxi Province. For urban areas, croplands and grasslands, the O3 photochemistry in summer is NOx-limited or in the transitional regime, while it is VOC-limited in winter and other seasons. Reducing NOx emissions would be effective for decreasing O3 levels in summer, while VOC reductions are necessary for winter. The annual cycle in vegetated areas included both NOx-limited and transitional regimes, indicating the importance of NOx controls to protect ecosystems. The O3 response to limiting precursors shown here is of importance for optimizing control strategies and is illustrated by emission changes during the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Ren
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y Cheng
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics and State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, China.
| | - F Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics and State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, China
| | - Z L Gu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - J J Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics and State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, China
| | - Y G Xue
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics and State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, China
| | - L Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics and State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, China
| | - Y W Zhang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - J C Chow
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA
| | - J G Watson
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA
| | - R J Zhang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S C Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Research Center for Environmental Technology and Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y L Wang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - S Liu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China; Qingyang Eco-Environment Bureau of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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11
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Liu X, Gao H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yan J, Niu J, Chen F. Driving Forces of Meteorology and Emission Changes on Surface Ozone in the Huaihe River Basin, China. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2023; 234:355. [PMID: 37275321 PMCID: PMC10219803 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-023-06345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface ozone (O3) pollution in China has become a serious environmental problem in recent years. In the present study, we targeted the HRB, a large region located in China's north-south border zone, to assess the driving forces of meteorology and emission changes on surface ozone. A Kolmogorov-Zurbenko (KZ) filter method was performed on the maximum daily average 8-h (MDA8) concentrations of ozone in the HRB during 2015-2020 to decompose the original time series. The findings demonstrated that the short-term (O3ST), seasonal (O3SN), and long-term components (O3LT) of MDA8 O3 variations accounted for 34.2%, 56.1%, and 2.9% of the total variance, respectively. O3SN has the greatest influence on the daily variation in MDA8 O3, followed by O3ST. In coastal cities, the influence of O3ST was enhanced. The influence of O3SN was stronger in the northwestern HRB. Air temperature is the prevailing variable that influences the photochemical formation of ozone. A clear phase lag (7-34 days) of the baseline component between MDA8 O3 and the atmospheric temperature was found in the HRB. Using multiple linear regression, the effect of temperature on ozone was removed. We estimated that the increase in ozone concentration in the HRB was mainly caused by the emission changes (79.4%), and the meteorological conditions made a small contribution (20.6%). This study suggests that reductions in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) will play an important role in further ozone pollution reduction in the HRB. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11270-023-06345-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Liu
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Junhui Yan
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Jiqiang Niu
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Feiyan Chen
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
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12
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Ma X, Yin Z, Cao B, Wang H. Meteorological influences on co-occurrence of O 3 and PM 2.5 pollution and implication for emission reductions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. SCIENCE CHINA. EARTH SCIENCES 2023; 66:1-10. [PMID: 37359777 PMCID: PMC10205161 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-022-1070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Co-occurrence of surface ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution (CP) was frequently observed in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH). More than 50% of CP days occurred during April-May in BTH, and the CP days reached up to 11 in two months of 2018. The PM2.5 or O3 concentration associated with CP was lower than but close to that in O3 and PM2.5 pollution, indicating compound harms during CP days with double-high concentrations of PM2.5 and O3. CP days were significantly facilitated by joint effects of the Rossby wave train that consisted of two centers associated with the Scandinavia pattern and one center over North China as well as a hot, wet, and stagnant environmental condition in BTH. After 2018, the number of CP days decreased sharply while the meteorological conditions did not change significantly. Therefore, changes in meteorological conditions did not really contribute to the decline of CP days in 2019 and 2020. This implies that the reduction of PM2.5 emission has resulted in a reduction of CP days (about 11 days in 2019 and 2020). The differences in atmospheric conditions revealed here were helpful to forecast the types of air pollution on a daily to weekly time scale. The reduction in PM2.5 emission was the main driving factor behind the absence of CP days in 2020, but the control of surface O3 must be stricter and deeper. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11430-022-1070-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044 China
| | - Zhicong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080 China
- Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Bufan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044 China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080 China
- Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
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13
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Zhang F, Li H, Xu W, Song G, Wang Z, Mao X, Wei Y, Dai M, Zhang Y, Shen Q, Fu F, Tan J, Ge L, He X, Yin T, Yang S, Li S, Yang P, Jia P, Zhang Y. Sulfur dioxide may predominate in the adverse effects of ambient air pollutants on semen quality among the general population in Hefei, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161472. [PMID: 36638985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported potential adverse effects of exposure to ambient air pollutants on semen quality in infertile men, but studies on the general population have been limited and inconsistent, and the pollutants that play a major role remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential association between exposure to six air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3 and CO) during different sperm development periods and semen quality among the general population, and to explore the interaction between different air pollutant exposures. We included 1515 semen samples collected from the Human Sperm Bank. We improved individuals' exposure level estimation by combining inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation with satellite remote sensing data. Multivariate linear regression models, restricted cubic spline functions and double-pollutant models were used to assess the relationship between exposure to six air pollutants and sperm volume, concentration, total sperm number and sperm motility. A negative association was found between SO2 exposure and progressive motility and total motility during 0-90 lag days and 70-90 lag days, and SO2 exposure during 10-14 lag days adversely affected sperm concentration and total sperm number. Sensitive analyses for qualified sperm donors and the double-pollutant models obtained similar results. Additionally, there were nonlinear relationships between exposure to PM, NO2, O3, CO and a few semen parameters, with NO2 and O3 exposure above the threshold showing negative correlations with total motility and progressive motility, respectively. Our study suggested that SO2 may play a dominant role in the adverse effects of ambient air pollutants on semen quality in the general population by decreasing sperm motility, sperm concentration and total sperm number. Also, even SO2 exposure lower than the recommended standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) could still cause male reproductive toxicity, which deserves attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hang Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Anhui Provincial Human Sperm Bank, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ge Song
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhanpeng Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohong Mao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Anhui Provincial Human Sperm Bank, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yiqiu Wei
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengyang Dai
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qunshan Shen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Anhui Provincial Human Sperm Bank, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Feifei Fu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Anhui Provincial Human Sperm Bank, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Anhui Provincial Human Sperm Bank, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Ge
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Anhui Provincial Human Sperm Bank, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaojin He
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Anhui Provincial Human Sperm Bank, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tailang Yin
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shujuan Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Siwei Li
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Peng Jia
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China; International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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14
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Huang L, Zhu Y, Liu H, Wang Y, Allen DT, Chel Gee Ooi M, Manomaiphiboon K, Talib Latif M, Chan A, Li L. Assessing the contribution of open crop straw burning to ground-level ozone and associated health impacts in China and the effectiveness of straw burning bans. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107710. [PMID: 36566719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, ozone pollution in China has been shown to increase in frequency and persistence despite the concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) decreasing steadily. Open crop straw burning (OCSB) activities are extensive in China and emit large amounts of trace gases during a short period that could lead to elevated ozone concentrations. This study addresses the impacts of OCSB emissions on ground-level ozone concentration and the associated health impact in China. Total VOCs and NOx emissions from OCSB in 2018 were 798.8 Gg and 80.6 Gg, respectively, with high emissions in Northeast China (31.7%) and North China (23.7%). Based on simulations conducted for 2018, OCSB emissions are estimated to contribute up to 0.95 µg/m3 increase in annual averaged maximum daily 8-hour (MDA8) ozone and up to 1.35 µg/m3 for the ozone season average. The significant impact of OCSB emissions on ozone is mainly characterized by localized and episodic (e.g., daily) changes in ozone concentration, up to 20 µg/m3 in North China and Yangtze River Delta region and even more in Northeast China during the burning season. With the implementation of straw burning bans, VOCs and NOx emissions from OCSB dropped substantially by 46.9%, particularly over YRD (76%) and North China (60%). Consequently, reduced OCSB emissions result in an overall decrease in annual averaged MDA8 ozone, and reductions in monthly MDA8 ozone could be over 10 µg/m3 in North China. The number of avoided premature death due to reduced OCSB emissions (considering both PM2.5 and ozone) is estimated to be 6120 (95% Confidence Interval: 5320-6800), with most health benefits gained over east and central China. Our results illustrate the effectiveness of straw burning bans in reducing ozone concentrations at annual and national scales and the substantial ozone impacts from OCSB events at localized and episodic scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghui Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangjun Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - David T Allen
- Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, TX 78758, United States
| | - Maggie Chel Gee Ooi
- Institute of Climate Change (IPI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kasemsan Manomaiphiboon
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Andy Chan
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Duan C, Liao H, Wang K, Ren Y. The research hotspots and trends of volatile organic compound emissions from anthropogenic and natural sources: A systematic quantitative review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114386. [PMID: 36162470 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions have attracted wide attention due to their impacts on atmospheric quality and public health. However, most studies reviewed certain aspects of natural VOCs (NVOCs) or anthropogenic VOCs (AVOCs) rather than comprehensively quantifying the hotspots and evolution trends of AVOCs and NVOCs. We combined the bibliometric method with the evolution tree and Markov chain to identify research focus and uncover the trends in VOC emission sources. This study found that research mainly focused on VOC emission characteristics, effects on air quality and health, and VOC emissions under climate change. More studies concerned on AVOCs than on NVOCs, and AVOC emissions have shifted with a decreasing proportion of transport emissions and an increasing share of solvent utilization in countries with high emissions and publications (China and the USA). Research on AVOCs is imperative to develop efficient and economical abatement techniques specific to solvent sources or BTEX species to mitigate the detrimental effects. Research on NVOCs originating from human sources risen due to their application in medicine, while studies on sources sensitive to climate change grew slowly, including plants, biomass burning, microbes, soil and oceans. Research on the long-term responses of NVOCs derived from various sources to climate warming is warranted to explore the evolution of emissions and the feedback on global climate. It is worthwhile to establish an emission inventory with all kinds of sources, accurate estimation, high spatial and temporal resolution to capture the emission trends in the synergy of industrialization and climate change as well as to simulate the effects on air quality. We review VOC emissions from both anthropogenic and natural sources under climate change and their effects on atmospheric quality and health to point out the research directions for the comprehensive control of global VOCs and mitigation of O3 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensong Duan
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hu Liao
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Kaide Wang
- Yunnan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Yin Ren
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, China.
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16
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Carbo-Bustinza N, Belmonte M, Jimenez V, Montalban P, Rivera M, Martínez FG, Mohamed MMH, De La Cruz ARH, da Costa K, López-Gonzales JL. A machine learning approach to analyse ozone concentration in metropolitan area of Lima, Peru. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22084. [PMID: 36543811 PMCID: PMC9769486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to model the concentration of ozone in the winter season on air quality through machine learning algorithms, detecting its impact on population health. The study area involves four monitoring stations: Ate, San Borja, Santa Anita and Campo de Marte, all located in Metropolitan Lima during the years 2017, 2018 and 2019. Exploratory, correlational and predictive approaches are presented. The exploratory results showed that ATE is the station with the highest prevalence of ozone pollution. Likewise, in an hourly scale analysis, the pollution peaks were reported at 00:00 and 14:00. Finally, the machine learning models that showed the best predictive capacity for adjusting the ozone concentration were the linear regression and support vector machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalí Carbo-Bustinza
- grid.441843.e0000 0001 0694 2144Doctorado Interdisciplinario en Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marisol Belmonte
- grid.441843.e0000 0001 0694 2144Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Medio Ambiente e Ingeniería (LABMAI), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Avda. Leopoldo Carvallo 270, Valparaíso, Chile ,grid.441843.e0000 0001 0694 2144HUB-Ambiental, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Avda. Leopoldo Carvallo 270, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Vasti Jimenez
- grid.441893.30000 0004 0542 1648Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Paula Montalban
- grid.441893.30000 0004 0542 1648Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Magiory Rivera
- grid.441893.30000 0004 0542 1648Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Fredi Gutiérrez Martínez
- grid.441773.20000 0004 0542 2018Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Peruana Los Andes, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Mohamed Mehdi Hadi Mohamed
- grid.441773.20000 0004 0542 2018Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Peruana Los Andes, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Alex Rubén Huamán De La Cruz
- grid.516460.0E.P. de Ingenieria Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Selva Central Juan Santos Atahualpa, La Merced, Peru
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Chen W, Tang H, He L, Zhang Y, Ma W. Co-effect assessment on regional air quality: A perspective of policies and measures with greenhouse gas reduction potential. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158119. [PMID: 35987248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Clean air policies have achieved remarkable air quality improvement in China for the last decade. However, as more importance was attached to climate issues and further improvement of air quality, policies with greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction potential were supposed to play a significant role. Here, we designed a conventional legislation pathway scenario (CLP) and an enhanced greenhouse gas reduction scenario (EGR), to estimate the co-effects of policies effective in GHG reduction on air pollutant control and air quality improvement in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region from 2014 to 2020, adopting a measure-specific evaluation method and an integrated WRF-CAMx model simulation. Results showed that: 1) With the implementation of enhanced measures with GHG reduction potential, emissions of SO2, NOx, PM2.5, PM10, VOCs and NH3 decreased by 16.4 %, 21.6 %, 18.6 %, 16.5 %, 23.9 % and 15.4 % in EGR scenario respectively, compared with CLP scenario. And the annual mean simulated concentrations of PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 of the YRD decreased by 11.2 %, 15.4 % and 20.6 %, respectively. 2) The average 8-h maxima (MDA8) concentration of O3 presented a slightly increasing trend under the impacts of measures with GHG reduction potential, which might be on account of the unbalanced control of NOx and VOCs, the two major precursors of O3. 3) Based on the source apportionment analysis, major partition of total ozone in the four receptors in YRD was from regional transportation, rather than local formation. And the major sectors contributing to ozone were industry and transportation sector. This study quantitatively assessed the co-benefits of GHG-control-effective policies and specific measures on air quality improvement, which would help to provide implications for future policy-making to achieve air pollution and climate change co-control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqi Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Haoyue Tang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), No. 3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Weichun Ma
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), No. 3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Policy Simulation and Assessment for Ecology and Environment Governance, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Shi Y, Liu C, Zhang B, Simayi M, Xi Z, Ren J, Xie S. Accurate identification of key VOCs sources contributing to O 3 formation along the Liaodong Bay based on emission inventories and ambient observations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:156998. [PMID: 35787908 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve the precise control of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) species with high ozone (O3) formation contribution from key sources in Panjin and Yingkou, two coastal industrial cities with severe O3 pollution along the Liaodong Bay, northeast China, the ambient concentrations of 99 VOCs species were measured online at urban-petrochemical (XLT), suburban-industrial (PP), and rural (XRD) sites in July 2019, contemporary monthly anthropogenic VOCs emission inventories were developed. The source contribution of ambient VOCs resolved by positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was comparable with emission inventories, and the location of VOCs sources were speculated by potential source contribution function (PSCF). 17.5 Gg anthropogenic VOCs was emitted in Panjin and Yingkou in July 2019 with potential to form 54.7 Gg-O3 estimated by emission inventories. The average VOC mixing ratios of 47.1, 26.7, and 16.5 ppbv was observed at XLT, PP, and XRD sites, respectively. Petroleum industry (22 %), organic chemical industry (21 %), and mobile vehicle emission (19 %) were identified to be the main sources contributing to O3 formation at XLT site by PMF, while it is organic chemical industry (33 %) and solvent utilization (28 %) contributed the most at PP site. Taking the subdivided source contributions of emission inventories and source locations speculated by PSCF into full consideration, organic raw chemicals manufacturing, structural steel coating, petroleum refining process, petroleum products storage and transport, off-shore vessels, and passenger cars were identified as the key anthropogenic sources. High O3-formation contribution sources, organic chemical industry and solvent utilization were located in the industrial parks at the junction of the two cities and the southeast of Panjin, and petroleum industry distributed in the whole Panjin and offshore areas. These results identify the key VOCs species and sources and speculate the potential geographical location of sources for precisely controlling ground-level O3 along the Liaodong Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Shi
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Liaoning Ecological and Environmental Service Center, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, PR China
| | - Baosheng Zhang
- Department of Ecology and Environment of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, PR China
| | - Maimaiti Simayi
- College of Resources and Environments, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, PR China
| | - Ziyan Xi
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jie Ren
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Shaodong Xie
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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Tong L, Liu Y, Meng Y, Dai X, Huang L, Luo W, Yang M, Pan Y, Zheng J, Xiao H. Surface ozone changes during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: An insight into the pollution characteristics and formation regimes of ozone in the cold season. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY 2022; 80:103-120. [PMID: 36248311 PMCID: PMC9540070 DOI: 10.1007/s10874-022-09443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The countrywide lockdown in China during the COVID-19 pandemic provided a natural experiment to study the characteristics of surface ozone (O3). Based on statistical analysis of air quality across China before and during the lockdown, the tempo-spatial variations and site-specific formation regimes of wintertime O3 were analyzed. The results showed that the O3 pollution with concentrations higher than air quality standards could occur widely in winter, which had been aggravated by the emission reduction during the lockdown. On the national scale of China, with the significant decrease (54.03%) in NO2 level from pre-lockdown to COVID-19 lockdown, the maximum daily 8-h average concentration of O3 (MDA8h O3) increased by 39.43% from 49.05 to 64.22 μg/m3. This increase was comprehensively contributed by attenuated NOx suppression and favorable meteorological changes on O3 formation during the lockdown. As to the pollution states of different monitoring stations, surface O3 responded oppositely to the consistent decreased NO2 across China. The O3 levels were found to increase in the northern and central regions, but decrease in the southern region, where the changes in both meteorology (e.g. temperature drops) and precursors (reduced emissions) during the lockdown had diminished local O3 production. The spatial differences in NOx levels generally dictate the site-specific O3 formation regimes in winter, with NOx-titration/VOCs-sensitive regimes being dominant in northern and central China, while VOCs-sensitive/transition regimes being dominant in southern China. These findings highlight the influence of NOx saturation levels on winter O3 formation and the necessity of VOCs emission reductions on O3 pollution controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tong
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment & Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021 China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo (Beilun) Zhongke Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center, Ningbo, 315800 China
| | - Yu Liu
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment & Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021 China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo (Beilun) Zhongke Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center, Ningbo, 315800 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yang Meng
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment & Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021 China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo (Beilun) Zhongke Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center, Ningbo, 315800 China
| | - Xiaorong Dai
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment & Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021 China
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100 China
| | - Leijun Huang
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300 China
| | - Wenxian Luo
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300 China
| | - Mengrong Yang
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment & Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021 China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo (Beilun) Zhongke Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center, Ningbo, 315800 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yong Pan
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment & Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021 China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo (Beilun) Zhongke Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center, Ningbo, 315800 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment & Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021 China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo (Beilun) Zhongke Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center, Ningbo, 315800 China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment & Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021 China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo (Beilun) Zhongke Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center, Ningbo, 315800 China
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Luo Y, Zhao T, Yang Y, Zong L, Kumar KR, Wang H, Meng K, Zhang L, Lu S, Xin Y. Seasonal changes in the recent decline of combined high PM 2.5 and O 3 pollution and associated chemical and meteorological drivers in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156312. [PMID: 35636546 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China suffers from combined air pollution (CAP) comprising dual high O3 and PM2.5, particularly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, which is an urban agglomeration in the North China Plain. To characterize the seasonal changes in regional CAP, 82 CAP days were identified during the study period from 2015 to 2019 with the co-occurring pollution of O3 and PM2.5 in the BTH. It is found that CAP seasonality has undergone distinct changes with a declining trend in the interannual variations in CAP over recent years. It is also revealed that the monthly CAP peaks have recently shifted from summer to early spring (March and April), indicating seasonal changes in CAP in the BTH. Furthermore, the of chemical and meteorological roles in CAP changes was investigated using environmental and meteorological observation data. The recent reduction in PM2.5 and O3 concentrations had enhanced O3 production and atmospheric oxidizability, thereby causing increments in secondary PM2.5 proportion. The interaction between O3 and PM2.5 was responsible for changing the CAP of dual high O3 and PM2.5 to the transition/spring season in the context of mitigation of air pollutant emissions. Furthermore, principal component analysis in the T-mode (T-PCA) was applied to identify four synoptic circulation patterns that regulate CAP occurrence. The results show that the CAP occurrence was regulated by the dominant patterns of synoptic circulation in the BTH. Warm temperature and strong downward ultraviolet radiation anomalies were observed in the BTH, indicating the importance of meteorological drivers in O3 photochemical production on the CAP. The frequency of key synoptic circulation patterns during the spring season increased annually, thereby inducing seasonal changes in the atmospheric environment with CAP in the BTH in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianliang Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuanjian Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Lian Zong
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Kanike Raghavendra Kumar
- Department of Engineering Physics, College of Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram 522302, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Meng
- Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment of Hebei Province, Hebei Provincial Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuo Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yushan Xin
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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Li S, Meng Q, Laba C, Guan H, Wang Z, Pan Y, Wei J, Xu H, Zeng C, Wang X, Jiang M, Lu R, Guo B, Zhao X. Associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and renal function in Southwest China: The China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113851. [PMID: 35816844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited studies have examined associations between air pollutants exposure and renal function, especially in China, with the most extensive chronic kidney disease (CKD) disease burden worldwide. OBJECTIVES This study examines associations between long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5, NO2, CO, O3, SO2 and renal function. METHODS We included 80,225 participants aged 30-79 years from the baseline data of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) study. Three-year average concentrations of PM2.5, NO2, CO, O3, and SO2 were estimated using satellite-based spatiotemporal models. Renal function is determined by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. After adjusting for covariates, generalized propensity scores (GPS) weighting regression was used to estimate associations between ambient air pollutants and renal function. RESULTS An increase of 0.1 mg/m3 CO (OR [odds ratio] =1.20 95% CI [confidence interval], 1.05-1.37) was positively associated with CKD. An increase of 1 μg/m3 in SO2 (1.07, 1.00-1.14) concentration was positively associated with CKD. An increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 (1.17, 0.99-1.38), NO2 (1.12, 0.83-1.51) and O3 (1.10, 0.81-1.50) concentration was not associated with CKD. These effects are stronger in those younger than 65, smoking and with low BMI. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that long-term exposure to ambient CO and SO2 were positively associated with CKD. Gaseous pollutants should also arouse the concern of relevant departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiong Meng
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ciren Laba
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention CN, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Han Guan
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhenghong Wang
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Huan Xu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunmei Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Lu
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bing Guo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xing Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Xie X, Hu J, Qin M, Guo S, Hu M, Wang H, Lou S, Li J, Sun J, Li X, Sheng L, Zhu J, Chen G, Yin J, Fu W, Huang C, Zhang Y. Modeling particulate nitrate in China: Current findings and future directions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107369. [PMID: 35772313 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Particulate nitrate (pNO3) is now becoming the principal component of PM2.5 during severe winter haze episodes in many cities of China. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the key factors controlling pNO3 formation and driving its trends, we reviewed the recent pNO3 modeling studies which mainly focused on the formation mechanism and recent trends of pNO3 as well as its responses to emission controls in China. The results indicate that although recent chemical transport models (CTMs) can reasonably capture the spatial-temporal variations of pNO3, model-observation biases still exist due to large uncertainties in the parameterization of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) uptake and ammonia (NH3) emissions, insufficient heterogeneous reaction mechanism, and the predicted low sulfate concentrations in current CTMs. The heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 dominates nocturnal pNO3 formation, however, the contribution to total pNO3 varies among studies, ranging from 21.0% to 51.6%. Moreover, the continuously increasing PM2.5 pNO3 fraction in recent years is mainly due to the decreased sulfur dioxide emissions, the enhanced atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC), and the weakened nitrate deposition. Reducing NH3 emissions is found to be the most effective control strategy for mitigating pNO3 pollution in China. This review suggests that more field measurements are needed to constrain the parameterization of heterogeneous N2O5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) uptake. Future studies are also needed to quantify the relationships of pNO3 to AOC, O3, NOx, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in different regions of China under different meteorological conditions. Research on multiple-pollutant control strategies involving NH3, NOX, and VOCs is required to mitigate pNO3 pollution, especially during severe winter haze events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Momei Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shengrong Lou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jinjin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianlan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ganyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Junjie Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Wenxing Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Chen W, Guenther AB, Shao M, Yuan B, Jia S, Mao J, Yan F, Krishnan P, Wang X. Assessment of background ozone concentrations in China and implications for using region-specific volatile organic compounds emission abatement to mitigate air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119254. [PMID: 35390419 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitigation of ambient ozone (O3) pollution is a great challenge because it depends heavily on the background O3 which has been poorly evaluated in many regions, including in China. By establishing the relationship between O3 and air temperature near the surface, the mean background O3 mixing ratios in the clean and polluted seasons were determined to be 35-40 and 50-55 ppbv in China during 2013-2019, respectively. Simulations using the chemical transport model (i.e., the Weather Research and Forecasting coupled with Chemistry model, WRF/Chem) suggested that biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions were the primary contributor to the increase in the background O3 in the polluted season (BOP) compared to the background O3 in the clean season (BOC), ranging from 8 ppbv to 16 ppbv. More importantly, the BOP continuously increased at a rate of 0.6-8.0 ppbv yr-1 during 2013-2019, while the non-BOP stopped increasing after 2017. Consequently, an additional 2%-16% reduction in anthropogenic VOC emissions is required to reverse the current O3 back to that measured in the period from 2013 to 2017. The results of this study emphasize the importance of the relative contribution of the background O3 to the observed total O3 concentration in the design of anthropogenic precursor emission control strategies for the attainment of O3 standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Chen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Alex B Guenther
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Min Shao
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shiguo Jia
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jingying Mao
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Fenghua Yan
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Padmaja Krishnan
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 17 Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Yu Y, Wang H, Li H, Tao P, Sun T. Influence of water molecule on active sites of manganese oxide-based catalysts for ozone decomposition. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134187. [PMID: 35271905 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing an efficient approach to decompose ground-level O3 in humidity is crucial for preventing O3 pollution in practical application scenes. In this study, MnOx, CuO, and Cu/MnOx were synthesized to investigate the influence of H2O on the variation of active sites during O3 decomposition. The structural characterizations of the as-synthetic catalysts were measured by N2 physisorption, XRD, SEM, O2-TPD, H2-TPR, TG, and FT-IR analyses. In dry conditions, the elimination rate of O3 followed the sequence of MnOx > Cu/MnOx > CuO. The introduction of Cu to MnOx enhanced the surface area and pore volume of Cu/MnOx, accordingly diminishing the amounts of surface defects and the participation of sub-surface lattice oxygen for catalytic cycle, indicating that surface defects and oxygen vacancies (VO) determined the catalytic activity for O3 decomposition. In humid conditions, the elimination rate of O3 changed to the sequence of Cu/MnOx > MnOx > CuO, with a variation rate compared to dry conditions of -62.9% for MnOx, 14.2% for CuO, and 27.7% for Cu/MnOx. The decrease of participant sub-surface lattice oxygen and the accumulation of intermediates in humidity diminished the decomposition of O3 on MnOx, while the active species such as superoxide radicals generating from the reaction of H2O and Cu/MnOx facilitated the participation of VO and the desorption of O2 from the occupied active sites, accelerating the catalytic cycle on Cu/MnOx. This work developed a deeper understanding of the influence of H2O on catalytic activity, promoting the performance of MnOx-based catalysts for practical O3 decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Yu
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Haonan Wang
- Environmental Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Hao Li
- Environmental Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Ping Tao
- Environmental Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Tianjun Sun
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China.
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25
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Wang P, Zhu S, Vrekoussis M, Brasseur GP, Wang S, Zhang H. Is atmospheric oxidation capacity better in indicating tropospheric O 3 formation? FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 16:65. [PMID: 35693985 PMCID: PMC9170499 DOI: 10.1007/s11783-022-1544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration is increasing in China along with dramatic changes in precursor emissions and meteorological conditions, adversely affecting human health and ecosystems. O3 is formed from the complex nonlinear photochemical reactions from nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Although the mechanism of O3 formation is rather clear, describing and analyzing its changes and formation potential at fine spatial and temporal resolution is still a challenge today. In this study, we briefly summarized and evaluated different approaches that indicate O3 formation regimes. We identify that atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) is a better indicator of photochemical reactions leading to the formation of O3 and other secondary pollutants. Results show that AOC has a prominent positive relationship to O3 in the major city clusters in China, with a goodness of fit (R 2) up to 0.6. This outcome provides a novel perspective in characterizing O3 formation and has significant implications for formulating control strategies of secondary pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Shengqiang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Mihalis Vrekoussis
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, D-28359 Germany
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), the Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, 27456 Cyprus
| | - Guy P. Brasseur
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, 20146 Germany
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307 USA
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, 202162 China
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26
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Long-Term Exposure to Essential Oils and Cardiopulmonary Health from a Population-Based Study. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
It is still unknown whether long-term inhalation of indoor air pollutants from ambient essential oil is associated with increased cardiopulmonary events. We recruited 200 healthy homemakers to conduct a prospective observation study in Northern Taiwan. We measured heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and indoor air pollutants four times per year for each participant between 2008 and 2018. Moreover, a questionnaire related to essential oil usage, home characteristics, and health status was filled out with each participant. The association between essential oil usage and cardiopulmonary health was determined using mixed-effects models. The mixed-effects models showed a significant association between essential oil usage and adverse cardiopulmonary effects including increased HR and BP and decreased % predicted PEFR among participants with heavy use of essential oils. No significant association between essential oils usage and adverse cardiopulmonary effects was observed among participants without essential oils usage or participants with mild use of essential oils (less than one hour per day). We concluded that exposure to indoor air pollution related to essential oils was associated with adverse cardiopulmonary effects among participants with essential oil usage more than one hour per day.
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27
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Dhiman V, Trushna T, Raj D, Tiwari RR. Is ambient air pollution a risk factor for Parkinson's disease? A meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022:1-18. [PMID: 35262433 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2047903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence shows inconsistencies about ambient air pollution (AAP) exposure as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). We performed meta-analyses to estimate the pooled risk of PD due to AAP exposure. We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Google Scholar, The Cochrane Library, and J-GATEPLUS databases for peer-reviewed epidemiological studies reporting the risk of PD due to exposure to PM2.5, PM10, O3, CO, NO2, NOX and SO2; from the beginning until October 2021. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for the effect of NO2 (per 1 μg/m3) and O3 (per 1 ppb) on PD was 1.01[95% CI: 1.00,1.02; I2 = 69% (p = .01)] and 1.01 [95% CI: 1.00,1.02; I2 = 66% (p = .03)], respectively. The ORs for the effects of PM2.5 (per 1 µg/m3) and CO (per 1 ppm) on PD were 1.01 [95% CI: .99,1.03; I2 = 40%] and 1.64 [95% CI: .96,2.78; I2 = 75% (p = .01)], respectively. The study showed the adverse roles of NO2, O3, PM2.5, and CO in increasing the risk for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Dhiman
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India
| | - Tanwi Trushna
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India
| | - Dharma Raj
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India
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28
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Spatiotemporal Patterns and Regional Transport of Ground-Level Ozone in Major Urban Agglomerations in China. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution has become a serious environmental issue in major urban agglomerations in China. To investigate the spatiotemporal patterns and regional transports of O3 in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH-UA), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD-UA), the Triangle of Central China (TC-UA), Chengdu–Chongqing (CY-UA), and the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration (PRD-UA), multiple transdisciplinary methods were employed to analyze the O3-concentration data that were collected from national air quality monitoring networks operated by the China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC). It was found that although ozone concentrations have decreased in recent years, ozone pollution is still a serious issue in China. O3 exhibited different spatiotemporal patterns in the five urban agglomerations. In terms of monthly variations, O3 had a unimodal structure in BTH-UA but a bimodal structure in the other urban agglomerations. The maximum O3 concentration was in autumn in PRD-UA, but in summer in the other urban agglomerations. In spatial distribution, the main distribution of O3 concentration was aligned in northeast–southwest direction for BTH-UA and CY-UA, but in northwest–southeast direction for YRD-UA, TC-UA, and PRD-UA. O3 concentrations exhibited positive spatial autocorrelations in BTH-UA, YRD-UA, and TC-UA, but negative spatial autocorrelations in CY-UA and PRD-UA. Variations in O3 concentration were more affected by weather fluctuations in coastal cities while the variations were more affected by seasonal changes in inland cities. O3 transport in the center cities of the five urban agglomerations was examined by backward trajectory and potential source analyses. Local areas mainly contributed to the O3 concentrations in the five cities, but regional transport also played a significant role. Our findings suggest joint efforts across cities and regions will be necessary to reduce O3 pollution in major urban agglomerations in China.
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29
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Ding D, Xing J, Wang S, Dong Z, Zhang F, Liu S, Hao J. Optimization of a NO x and VOC Cooperative Control Strategy Based on Clean Air Benefits. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:739-749. [PMID: 34962805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Serious ambient PM2.5 and O3 pollution is one of the most important environmental challenges of China, necessitating an urgent cost-effective cocontrol strategy. Herein, we introduced a novel integrated assessment system to optimize a NOx and volatile organic compound (VOC) control strategy for the synergistic reduction of ambient PM2.5 and O3 pollution. Focusing on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cities and their surrounding regions, which are experiencing the most serious PM2.5 and O3 pollution in China, we found that NOx emission reduction (64-81%) is essential to attain the air quality standard no matter how much VOC emission is reduced. However, the synergistic VOC control is strongly recommended considering its substantially human health and crop production benefits, which are estimated up to 163 (PM2.5-related) and 101 (O3-related) billion CHY during the reduction of considerable emissions. Notably, such benefits will be greatly reduced if the synergistic VOC reduction is delayed. This study also highlights the necessity of simultaneous VOC and NOx emission control in winter while enhancing the NOx control in the summer, which is contrary to the current control strategy adopted in China. These findings point out the right pathways for future policy making on comitigating PM2.5 and O3 pollution in China and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Ding
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jia Xing
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhaoxin Dong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fenfen Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuchang Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
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30
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Liu X, Guo H, Zeng L, Lyu X, Wang Y, Zeren Y, Yang J, Zhang L, Zhao S, Li J, Zhang G. Photochemical ozone pollution in five Chinese megacities in summer 2018. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149603. [PMID: 34416603 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To investigate photochemical ozone (O3) pollution in urban areas in China, O3 and its precursors and meteorological parameters were simultaneously measured in five megacities in China in summer 2018. Moderate wind speeds, strong solar radiation and high temperature were observed in all cities, indicating favorable meteorological conditions for local O3 formation. However, the unusually frequent precipitation caused by typhoons reaching the eastern coastline resulted in the least severe air pollution in Shanghai. The highest O3 level was found in Beijing, followed by Lanzhou and Wuhan, while relatively lower O3 value was recorded in Chengdu and Shanghai. Photochemical box model simulations revealed that net O3 production rate in Lanzhou was the largest, followed by Beijing, Wuhan and Chengdu, while it was the lowest in Shanghai. Besides, the O3 formation was mainly controlled by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in most cities, but co-limited by VOCs and nitrogen oxides in Lanzhou. Moreover, the dominant VOC groups contributing to O3 formation were oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) in Beijing and Wuhan, alkenes in Lanzhou, and aromatics and OVOCs in Shanghai and Chengdu. Source apportionment analysis identified six sources of O3 precursors in these cities, including liquefied petroleum gas usage, diesel exhaust, gasoline exhaust, industrial emissions, solvent usage, and biogenic emissions. Gasoline exhaust dominated the O3 formation in Beijing, and LPG usage and industrial emissions made comparable contributions in Lanzhou, while LPG usage and solvent usage played a leading role in Wuhan and Chengdu, respectively. The findings are helpful to mitigate O3 pollution in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Liu
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai Guo
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lewei Zeng
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaopu Lyu
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangzong Zeren
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Liu C, Shi K. A review on methodology in O 3-NOx-VOC sensitivity study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118249. [PMID: 34600066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gaining insight into the response of surface ozone (O3) formation to its precursors plays an important role in the policy-making of O3 pollution control. However, the real atmosphere is an open and dissipative system, and its complexity poses a great challenge to the study of nonlinear relations between O3 and its precursors. At present, model-based methods based on reductionism try to restore the real atmospheric photochemical system, by coupling meteorological model and chemical transport model in temporal and spatial resolution completely. Nevertheless, large inconsistencies between predictions and true values still exist, due to the great uncertainty originated from emission inventory, photochemical reaction mechanism and meteorological factors. Recently, based on field observations, some nonlinear methods have successfully revealed the complex emergent properties (long-term persistence, multi-fractal, etc) in coupling correlation between O3 and its precursors at different time scales. The emergent properties are closely associated with the intrinsic dynamics of atmospheric photochemical system. Taking them into account when building O3 prediction model, is helpful to reduce the uncertainty in the results. Nonlinear methods (fractal, chaos, etc) based on holism can give new insights into the nonlinear relations between O3 and its precursors. Changes of thinking models in methodology are expected to improve the precision of forecasting O3 concentration. This paper has reviewed the advances of different methods for studying the sensitivity of O3 formation to its precursors during the past few decades. This review highlights that it is necessary to incorporate the emergent properties obtained by nonlinear methods into the modern models, for assessing O3 formation under combined air pollution environment more accurately. Moreover, the scaling property of coupling correlation detected in the real observations of O3 and its precursors could be used to test and improve the simulation performance of modern models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiong Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China; College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Shi
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China; College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China.
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32
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Huang W, Yao D, Zhao S, Wang Y, Ji D, Zhang R, Wang Y. Parameterized atmospheric oxidation capacity and speciated OH reactivity over a suburban site in the North China Plain: A comparative study between summer and winter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145264. [PMID: 33940722 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) and photochemical reactivity are of increasing concern owing to their roles in photochemical pollution. The AOC and OH reactivity were evaluated based on simultaneous measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), trace gases and photolysis frequency during summer and winter campaigns at a suburban site in Xianghe. The AOC exhibited well-defined seasonal and diurnal patterns, with higher intensities during the summertime and daytime than during the wintertime and nighttime, respectively. The major reductants contributing to the AOC during the summertime were CO (41%) and alkenes (41%), whereas CO (40%) and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) (30%) dominated the AOC during the wintertime. The dominant oxidant contributor to the AOC during the daytime was OH (≥93%), while the contributions of O3 and NO3 (≥75%) to the AOC increased during the nighttime. High values during the wintertime and an increase at night were features of the speciated OH reactivity. Inorganic compounds (NOx and CO) dominated the speciated OH reactivity (76% and 85% during the summer and winter campaigns, respectively). Among VOCs, the dominant contributors were alkenes (12%) and OVOCs (7%) during the summer and winter campaigns, respectively. The ratio of NOx- and VOC-attributed OH reactivity indicated that O3 formation occurred under a VOC-limited regime during the summertime and that aromatics had the largest potential to form O3. Isoprene and m/p-xylene were the most important contributors to the AOC, OH reactivity and O3-forming among VOCs during the summertime, biogenic sources and secondary formation and industrial production were the main sources of these species. During the wintertime, hexanal and ethylene were the key VOC species contributing to the AOC and OH reactivity, and solvent usage and traffic-related emissions were the main contributing sources. We recommend that priority measures for the control of VOC species and sources should be taken when suitable. CAPSULE: This study focused on the similarities and differences in the AOC and speciated OH reactivity during summer and winter campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Physics, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 64, 00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shuman Zhao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinghong Wang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Renjian Zhang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuesi Wang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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33
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Wang X, Fu TM, Zhang L, Cao H, Zhang Q, Ma H, Shen L, Evans MJ, Ivatt PD, Lu X, Chen Y, Zhang L, Feng X, Yang X, Zhu L, Henze DK. Sensitivities of Ozone Air Pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area to Local and Upwind Precursor Emissions Using Adjoint Modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5752-5762. [PMID: 33890767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Effective mitigation of surface ozone pollution entails detailed knowledge of the contributing precursors' sources. We use the GEOS-Chem adjoint model to analyze the precursors contributing to surface ozone in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area (BTH) of China on days of different ozone pollution severities in June 2019. We find that BTH ozone on heavily polluted days is sensitive to local emissions, as well as to precursors emitted from the provinces south of BTH (Shandong, Henan, and Jiangsu, collectively the SHJ area). Heavy ozone pollution in BTH can be mitigated effectively by reducing NOx (from industrial processes and transportation), ≥C3 alkenes (from on-road gasoline vehicles and industrial processes), and xylenes (from paint use) emitted from both BTH and SHJ, as well as by reducing CO (from industrial processes, transportation, and power generation) and ≥C4 alkanes (from industrial processes, paint and solvent use, and on-road gasoline vehicles) emissions from SHJ. In addition, reduction of NOx, xylene, and ≥C3 alkene emissions within BTH would effectively decrease the number of BTH ozone-exceedance days. Our analysis pinpoint the key areas and activities for locally and regionally coordinated emission control efforts to improve surface ozone air quality in BTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tzung-May Fu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hansen Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hanchen Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mathew J Evans
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Peter D Ivatt
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Xiao Lu
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Youfan Chen
- Sichuan Academy of Environmental policy and planning, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Shanghai Central Meteorological Observatory, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Daven K Henze
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Shen H, Liu Y, Zhao M, Li J, Zhang Y, Yang J, Jiang Y, Chen T, Chen M, Huang X, Li C, Guo D, Sun X, Xue L, Wang W. Significance of carbonyl compounds to photochemical ozone formation in a coastal city (Shantou) in eastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:144031. [PMID: 33387762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl compounds are ubiquitous in the troposphere, yet their contributions to ambient ozone (O3) formation have rarely been quantified in China. To better understand their roles in O3 pollution, a field campaign was conducted at an urban site of Shantou, a coastal city in eastern China, during 7th-29th October 2019. Seven carbonyls were quantified (average ± standard deviation: 14.42 ± 3.05 ppbv), among which formaldehyde (4.12 ± 1.02 ppbv), acetaldehyde (1.57 ± 0.30 ppbv), acetone (7.55 ± 2.10 ppbv), and methyl ethyl ketone (0.94 ± 0.28 ppbv) were the most abundant species. Relative incremental reactivity (RIR) analysis indicated that O3 formation in Shantou was VOC-limited, specifically most sensitive to carbonyls, and formaldehyde showed the largest RIR values in terms of individual species. Budgets of O3 and ROx (OH, HO2, and RO2) radicals were elucidated with a chemical box model. Carbonyls played a vital role in both the primary formation and recycling of the ROx; more than 80% of the primary source of HO2 and RO2 came from photolysis of formaldehyde and other oxygenated VOCs. Zero-out sensitivity studies showed that the seven measured carbonyls accounted for 37% of the peak net O3 production rate, mainly by affecting the concentrations of HO2 and RO2. These results highlight the significance of carbonyls, especially formaldehyde, to photochemical O3 formation, and carbonyls should be paid more attention to mitigate the worsening O3 pollution in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengqing Shen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Juan Li
- Shantou Environmental Protection Monitoring Station, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Yingnan Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Tianshu Chen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Shantou Environmental Protection Monitoring Station, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xianbing Huang
- Shantou Environmental Protection Monitoring Station, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Chengliu Li
- Shenzhen OnePoint Environmental Consultant Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Danling Guo
- Shenzhen OnePoint Environmental Consultant Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Jinan Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Ji'nan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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Zhao F, Liu C, Cai Z, Liu X, Bak J, Kim J, Hu Q, Xia C, Zhang C, Sun Y, Wang W, Liu J. Ozone profile retrievals from TROPOMI: Implication for the variation of tropospheric ozone during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142886. [PMID: 33757247 PMCID: PMC7550903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
During the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in January and February 2020, production and living activities were drastically reduced to impede the spread of the virus, which also caused a strong reduction of the emission of primary pollutants. However, as a major species of secondary air pollutant, tropospheric ozone did not reduce synchronously, but instead rose in some region. Furthermore, higher concentrations of ozone may potentially promote the rates of COVID-19 infections, causing extra risk to human health. Thus, the variation of ozone should be evaluated widely. This paper presents ozone profiles and tropospheric ozone columns from ultraviolet radiances detected by TROPOospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard Sentinel 5 Precursor (S5P) satellite based on the principle of optimal estimation method. We compare our TROPOMI retrievals with global ozonesonde observations, Fourier Transform Spectrometry (FTS) observation at Hefei (117.17°E, 31.7°N) and Global Positioning System (GPS) ozonesonde sensor (GPSO3) ozonesonde profiles at Beijing (116.46°E, 39.80°N). The integrated Tropospheric Ozone Column (TOC) and Stratospheric Ozone Column (SOC) show excellent agreement with validation data. We use the retrieved TOC combining with tropospheric vertical column density (TVCD) of NO2 and HCHO from TROPOMI to assess the changes of tropospheric ozone during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Although NO2 TVCD decreased by 63%, the retrieved TOC over east China increase by 10% from the 20-day averaged before the lockdown on January 23, 2020 to 20-day averaged after it. Because the production of ozone in winter is controlled by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) indicated by monitored HCHO, which did not present evident change during the lockdown, the production of ozone did not decrease significantly. Besides, the decrease of NOx emission weakened the titration of ozone, causing an increase of ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Zhaonan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiong Liu
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Juseon Bak
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jae Kim
- Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Qihou Hu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Congzi Xia
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Youwen Sun
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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36
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Zhao F, Liu C, Cai Z, Liu X, Bak J, Kim J, Hu Q, Xia C, Zhang C, Sun Y, Wang W, Liu J. Ozone profile retrievals from TROPOMI: Implication for the variation of tropospheric ozone during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 720:137628. [PMID: 33757247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
During the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in January and February 2020, production and living activities were drastically reduced to impede the spread of the virus, which also caused a strong reduction of the emission of primary pollutants. However, as a major species of secondary air pollutant, tropospheric ozone did not reduce synchronously, but instead rose in some region. Furthermore, higher concentrations of ozone may potentially promote the rates of COVID-19 infections, causing extra risk to human health. Thus, the variation of ozone should be evaluated widely. This paper presents ozone profiles and tropospheric ozone columns from ultraviolet radiances detected by TROPOospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard Sentinel 5 Precursor (S5P) satellite based on the principle of optimal estimation method. We compare our TROPOMI retrievals with global ozonesonde observations, Fourier Transform Spectrometry (FTS) observation at Hefei (117.17°E, 31.7°N) and Global Positioning System (GPS) ozonesonde sensor (GPSO3) ozonesonde profiles at Beijing (116.46°E, 39.80°N). The integrated Tropospheric Ozone Column (TOC) and Stratospheric Ozone Column (SOC) show excellent agreement with validation data. We use the retrieved TOC combining with tropospheric vertical column density (TVCD) of NO2 and HCHO from TROPOMI to assess the changes of tropospheric ozone during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Although NO2 TVCD decreased by 63%, the retrieved TOC over east China increase by 10% from the 20-day averaged before the lockdown on January 23, 2020 to 20-day averaged after it. Because the production of ozone in winter is controlled by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) indicated by monitored HCHO, which did not present evident change during the lockdown, the production of ozone did not decrease significantly. Besides, the decrease of NOx emission weakened the titration of ozone, causing an increase of ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Zhaonan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiong Liu
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Juseon Bak
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jae Kim
- Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Qihou Hu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Congzi Xia
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Youwen Sun
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Zhao K, Luo H, Yuan Z, Xu D, Du Y, Zhang S, Hao Y, Wu Y, Huang J, Wang Y, Jiang R. Identification of close relationship between atmospheric oxidation and ozone formation regimes in a photochemically active region. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 102:373-383. [PMID: 33637263 PMCID: PMC7575429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding ozone (O3) formation regime is a prerequisite in formulating an effective O3 pollution control strategy. Photochemical indicator is a simple and direct method in identifying O3 formation regimes. Most used indicators are derived from observations, whereas the role of atmospheric oxidation is not in consideration, which is the core driver of O3 formation. Thus, it may impact accuracy in signaling O3 formation regimes. In this study, an advanced three-dimensional numerical modeling system was used to investigate the relationship between atmospheric oxidation and O3 formation regimes during a long-lasting O3 exceedance event in September 2017 over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China. We discovered a clear relationship between atmospheric oxidative capacity and O3 formation regime. Over eastern PRD, O3 formation was mainly in a NOx-limited regime when HO2/OH ratio was higher than 11, while in a VOC-limited regime when the ratio was lower than 9.5. Over central and western PRD, an HO2/OH ratio higher than 5 and lower than 2 was indicative of NOx-limited and VOC-limited regime, respectively. Physical contribution, including horizontal transport and vertical transport, may pose uncertainties on the indication of O3 formation regime by HO2/OH ratio. In comparison with other commonly used photochemical indicators, HO2/OH ratio had the best performance in differentiating O3 formation regimes. This study highlighted the necessities in using an atmospheric oxidative capacity-based indicator to infer O3 formation regime, and underscored the importance of characterizing behaviors of radicals to gain insight in atmospheric processes leading to O3 pollution over a photochemically active region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihui Zhao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huihong Luo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zibing Yuan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Danni Xu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Du
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuqi Hao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yonghua Wu
- The City College of New York (CCNY), New York, NY 10031, USA; NOAA-Cooperative Science Center for Earth System Sciences and Remote Sensing Technologies, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Jianping Huang
- NOAA-NCEP Environmental Modeling Center and IM System Group Inc., College Park, MD 720740, USA; Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Xianyang Meteorological Bureau, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Rongsheng Jiang
- Climate, Environment and Sustainability Center, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Liu X, Wang N, Lyu X, Zeren Y, Jiang F, Wang X, Zou S, Ling Z, Guo H. Photochemistry of ozone pollution in autumn in Pearl River Estuary, South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:141812. [PMID: 32906035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To explore the photochemical O3 pollution over the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), intensive measurements of O3 and its precursors, including trace gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), were simultaneously conducted at a suburban site on the east bank of PRE (Tung Chung, TC) in Hong Kong and a rural site on the west bank (Qi'ao, QA) in Zhuhai, Guangdong in autumn 2016. Throughout the sampling period, 3 days with high O3 levels (maximum hourly O3 > 100 ppbv) were captured at both sites (pattern 1) and 13 days with O3 episodes occurred only at QA (pattern 2). It was found that O3 formation at TC was VOC-limited in both patterns because of the large local NOx emissions. However, the O3 formation at QA was co-limited by VOCs and NOx in pattern 1, but VOC-limited in pattern 2. In both patterns, isoprene, formaldehyde, xylenes and trimethylbenzenes were the top 4 VOCs that modulated local O3 formation at QA, while they were isoprene, formaldehyde, xylenes and toluene at TC. In pattern 1, the net O3 production rate at QA (13.1 ± 1.6 ppbv h-1) was high, and comparable (p = 0.40) to that at TC (12.1 ± 1.5 ppbv h-1), so was the hydroxyl radical (i.e., OH), implying high atmospheric oxidative capacity over PRE. In contrast, the net O3 production rate was significantly higher (p < 0.05) at QA (16.3 ± 0.4 ppbv h-1) than that at TC (4.7 ± 0.2 ppbv h-1) in pattern 2, and the OH concentration and cycling rate were also higher, indicating much stronger photochemical reactions at QA. These findings enhanced our understanding of O3 photochemistry in the Pearl River estuary, which could be extended to other estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction, China Meteorological Administration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopu Lyu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yangzong Zeren
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chines Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shichun Zou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhenhao Ling
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hai Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone (O3), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), meteorological parameters, and total non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) were analyzed from simultaneous measurements at the MSU-IAP (Moscow State University—Institute of Atmospheric Physics) observational site in Moscow from 2011–2013. Seasonal and diurnal variability of the compounds was studied. The highest O3 concentration in Moscow was observed in the summer daytime periods in anticyclonic meteorological conditions under poor ventilation of the atmospheric boundary layer and high temperatures (up to 105 ppbv or 210 μg/m3). In contrast, NOx, CO, and benzene decreased from 8 a.m. to 5–6 p.m. local time (LT). The high positive correlation of daytime O3 with secondary VOCs affirmed an important role of photochemical O3 production in Moscow during the summers of 2011–2013. The summertime average concentrations of the biogenic VOCs isoprene and monoterpenes were observed to be 0.73 ppbv and 0.53 ppbv, respectively. The principal source of anthropogenic VOCs in Moscow was established to be local vehicle emissions. Yet, only about 5% of the observed isoprene was safely attributed to anthropogenic sources, suggesting significant contribution of biogenic sources into the total levels of ozone precursors. The non-linear O3–NOx dependence shows a decrease in ground-level O3 with an increase in NOx during the summers of 2011–2013, which is typical for the VOC-sensitive photochemical regime of O3 formation. Nevertheless, during the elevated ozone episodes in July 2011, the photochemical regime of ozone production was either transitional or NOx-sensitive. Contribution of various anthropogenic and biogenic VOCs into the measured ozone values was evaluated. The ozone-forming potential (OFP) of total VOCs was 31–67 μg/m3 on average and exceeded 100 μg/m3 in the top 10% of high ozone events, reaching 136 μg/m3. Acetaldehyde, 1.3-butadiene, and isoprene have the highest ozone production potential in Moscow compared to that of other measured VOCs.
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Ambient Non-Methane Hydrocarbons (NMHCs) Measurements in Baoding, China: Sources and Roles in Ozone Formation. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11111205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ambient non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) are important precursors of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Online and offline measurements of NMHCs were conducted during September 2015 in Baoding, Hebei province of China, in order to investigate their sources and roles in ozone formation. Average levels of total NMHCs online measured at the urban site were 44.5 ± 26.7 ppb. Aromatics was the largest contributor to NMHCs levels and OH reactivity, with fraction of 27.1% and 35.9%, respectively. Based on offline measurements at eight sites, we found that toluene, ethylbenzene, and m,p-xylene displayed the highest level at the site close to automobile manufacturing factories, followed by downwind receptor sites and other sites. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was then used to analyze NMHCs sources. Four factors were identified, including traffic-related emission, automobile manufacturing coating, biogenic emission, and NG/LPG usage and background. Average relative contribution of automobile manufacturing coating to NMHCs levels during the entire online measurement period was 33.4%, and this value increased to 42% during two O3 pollution days. Sensitivity of O3 formation to NMHCs and NOX during an O3 pollution episode were analyzed using a box model based on observations. Relative incremental reactivity (RIR) results suggested that O3 formation was in NOx-titration regime (i.e., highly NMHCs-limited regime). Further scenario analyses on relationship of O3 formation with reduction of NOx and anthropogenic NMHCs (AHC) indicated that AHC and NOx should be reduced by a ratio greater than two and three to achieve 5% and 10% O3 control objectives, respectively. The largest RIR value for anthropogenic NMHC species was from xylenes, which were also an important contributor to SOA formation and dominantly from sources related to automobile manufacturing coating and traffic emission. This means reducing NMHCs emission from automobile manufacturing coating and traffic emission should be given priority for synergetic control of O3 and PM2.5.
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Maji KJ, Sarkar C. Spatio-temporal variations and trends of major air pollutants in China during 2015-2018. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:33792-33808. [PMID: 32535826 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese government, as a policy response, has continued to invest efforts and resources to implement cost-effective air pollution control technologies and stringent regulation to reduce emissions from the most contributing sectors to protect the environment and public health. The higher density of monitoring stations (> 1600) distributed across China provides a timely opportunity to use them to study in detail the national pollution trends in light of more stringent air pollution control policies. In the present study, air quality datasets comprising hourly concentrations of PM2.5, O3, NO2, and SO2 collected across 1309, 1341, 1289, and 1347 monitoring stations respectively were obtained from the National Environmental Monitoring Centre over 4 years (2015-2018) and trend analysis was performed. Results indicate that the overall annual trends for PM2.5 and SO2 were - 2.9 ± 2.7 and - 3.2 ± 3.2 μg/m3/year, while the winter trends were - 4.8 ± 5.8 and - 6.9 ± 8.4 μg/m3/year respectively across China. The daily maximum 8-h average (DMA8) ozone concentration showed a significant positive trend of 2.4 ± 4.6 μg/m3/year, which was comparatively higher in summer at 4.4 ± 9.0 μg/m3/year. On the other side, NO2 trend is not great in number (- 0.45 ± 2.0 μg/m3/year). Overall, 62.2%, 61.8%, and 20.9% of PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 monitoring stations were associated with a negative trend of ≥ - 2 μg/m3/year. For O3 DMA8 concentrations, 50.7% of the monitoring stations showed a significant positive trend of ≥ 2 μg/m3/year. In light of the Chinese government's increasing impetus on combating air pollution and climate change via new policy regulations, it is important to understand the spatio-temporal distributions and relative contributions of the spectrum of gaseous pollutants to the pollution loads as well as identify changing emission loads across sectors. The results of this study will facilitate the formulation of evidence-based air pollution reduction strategies and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Jyoti Maji
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Chinmoy Sarkar
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Huang XF, Zhang B, Xia SY, Han Y, Wang C, Yu GH, Feng N. Sources of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) in urban atmospheres in North and South China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114152. [PMID: 32066058 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) are critical precursors of atmospheric ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Although China is experiencing increasing O3 pollution from north to south, understanding the major sources of OVOCs in this region is still limited due to their active photochemical behaviors. In this study, five critical OVOCs at a northern urban site (Beijing) and a southern urban site (Shenzhen) were monitored in summer using proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). The mean total concentration of VOCs measured in Beijing (39.4 ppb) was much higher than that measured in Shenzhen (16.7 ppb), with methanol and formaldehyde being the most abundant in concentration at both sites. The source apportionment of daytime OVOCs was conducted effectively using a photochemical age-based parameterization method. Biogenic and anthropogenic secondary sources were the main sources of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone at both sites, with a total contribution of 46-82%; acetone also had a large regional-scale background contribution (36-38%); methanol and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) were mainly derived from anthropogenic primary sources (35-55%) at both sites. In addition, the regional background levels of OVOCs measured in North China were shown to be much higher than those measured in South China. The calculation of the total O3 formation potential (OFP) of OVOCs highlights the comparable contributions from anthropogenic and biogenic sources in both Beijing and Shenzhen, indicating the important role of biogenic OVOC sources even in polluted environments. Since biogenic sources are already important but uncontrollable, anthropogenic emissions in China need to be restricted even more critically in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Science and Technology Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Science and Technology Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shi-Yong Xia
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Science and Technology Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu Han
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Science and Technology Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Science and Technology Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Environmental Laboratory, PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution, Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Guang-He Yu
- Environmental Laboratory, PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution, Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| | - Ning Feng
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Science and Technology Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Characteristics of Ozone Pollution, Regional Distribution and Causes during 2014–2018 in Shandong Province, East China. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10090501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The summer ozone pollution of Shandong province has become a severe problem in the period 2014–2018. Affected by the monsoon climate, the monthly average ozone concentrations in most areas were unimodal, with peaks in June, whereas in coastal areas the concentrations were bimodal, with the highest peak in May and the second highest peak in September. Using the empirical orthogonal function method, three main spatial distribution patterns were found. The most important pattern proved the influences of solar radiation, temperature, and industrial structure on ozone. Spatial clustering analysis of the ozone concentration showed Shandong divided into five units, including Peninsula Coastal area (PC), Lunan inland area (LN), Western Bohai area (WB), Luxi plain area (LX), and Luzhong mountain area (LZ). Influenced by air temperature and local circulation, coastal cities had lower daytime and higher nighttime ozone concentrations than inland. Correlation analysis suggested that ozone concentrations were significantly positively correlated with solar radiation. The VOCs from industries or other sources (e.g., traffic emission, petroleum processing, and chemical industries) had high positive correlations with ozone concentrations, whereas NOx emissions had significantly negatively correlation. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of ozone pollution and theoretical reference for regional management of ozone pollution in Shandong province.
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