1
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Takatori SC, Son S, Lee DSW, Fletcher DA. Engineered molecular sensors for quantifying cell surface crowding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219778120. [PMID: 37186825 PMCID: PMC10214205 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219778120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells mediate interactions with the extracellular environment through a crowded assembly of transmembrane proteins, glycoproteins and glycolipids on their plasma membrane. The extent to which surface crowding modulates the biophysical interactions of ligands, receptors, and other macromolecules is poorly understood due to the lack of methods to quantify surface crowding on native cell membranes. In this work, we demonstrate that physical crowding on reconstituted membranes and live cell surfaces attenuates the effective binding affinity of macromolecules such as IgG antibodies in a surface crowding-dependent manner. We combine experiment and simulation to design a crowding sensor based on this principle that provides a quantitative readout of cell surface crowding. Our measurements reveal that surface crowding decreases IgG antibody binding by 2 to 20 fold in live cells compared to a bare membrane surface. Our sensors show that sialic acid, a negatively charged monosaccharide, contributes disproportionately to red blood cell surface crowding via electrostatic repulsion, despite occupying only ~1% of the total cell membrane by mass. We also observe significant differences in surface crowding for different cell types and find that expression of single oncogenes can both increase and decrease crowding, suggesting that surface crowding may be an indicator of both cell type and state. Our high-throughput, single-cell measurement of cell surface crowding may be combined with functional assays to enable further biophysical dissection of the cell surfaceome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho C. Takatori
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Sungmin Son
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel S. W. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Daniel A. Fletcher
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- University of California, Berkeley/University of California, San Francisco Graduate Group in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA94720
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA94158
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2
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Singh A, Arango JC, Shi A, d’Aliberti JB, Claridge SA. Surface-Templated Glycopolymer Nanopatterns Transferred to Hydrogels for Designed Multivalent Carbohydrate-Lectin Interactions across Length Scales. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1668-1677. [PMID: 36640106 PMCID: PMC9881003 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent interactions between carbohydrates and proteins enable a broad range of selective chemical processes of critical biological importance. Such interactions can extend from the macromolecular scale (1-10 nm) up to much larger scales across a cell or tissue, placing substantial demands on chemically patterned materials aiming to leverage similar interactions in vitro. Here, we show that diyne amphiphiles with carbohydrate headgroups can be assembled on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) to generate nanometer-resolution carbohydrate patterns, with individual linear carbohydrate assemblies up to nearly 1 μm, and microscale geometric patterns. These are then photopolymerized and covalently transferred to the surfaces of hydrogels. This strategy suspends carbohydrate patterns on a relatively rigid polydiacetylene (persistence length ∼ 16 nm), exposed at the top surface of the hydrogel above the bulk pore structure. Transferred patterns of appropriate carbohydrates (e.g., N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, GlcNAc) enable selective, multivalent interactions (KD ∼ 40 nM) with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), a model lectin that exhibits multivalent binding with appropriately spaced GlcNAc moieties. WGA binding affinity can be further improved (KD ∼ 10 nM) using diacetylenes that shift the polymer backbone closer to the displayed carbohydrate, suggesting that this strategy can be used to modulate carbohydrate presentation at interfaces. Conversely, GlcNAc-patterned surfaces do not induce specific binding of concanavalin A, and surfaces patterned with glucuronic acid, or with simple carboxylic acid or hydroxyl groups, do not induce WGA binding. More broadly, this approach may have utility in designing synthetic glycan-mimetic interfaces with features from molecular to mesoscopic scales, including soft scaffolds for cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Juan C. Arango
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Anni Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Joseph B. d’Aliberti
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Shelley A. Claridge
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States,Weldon
School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States,. Phone: 765-494-6070
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3
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Detwiler RE, Kramer JR. Preparation and applications of artificial mucins in biomedicine. CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 2022; 26:101031. [PMID: 37283850 PMCID: PMC10243510 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2022.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Mucus is an essential barrier material that separates organisms from the outside world. This slippery material regulates the transport of nutrients, drugs, gases, and pathogens toward the cell surface. The surface of the cell itself is coated in a mucus-like barrier of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Mucin glycoproteins are the primary component of mucus and the epithelial glycocalyx. Aberrant mucin production is implicated in diverse disease states from cancer and inflammation to pre-term birth and infection. Biological mucins are inherently heterogenous in structure, which has challenged understanding their molecular functions as a barrier and as biochemically active proteins. Therefore, many synthetic materials have been developed as artificial mucins with precisely tunable structures. This review highlights advances in design and synthesis of artificial mucins and their application in biomedical studies of mucin chemistry, biology, and physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Detwiler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch
Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jessica R. Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch
Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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4
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Kohout VR, Wardzala CL, Kramer JR. Synthesis and biomedical applications of mucin mimic materials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114540. [PMID: 36228896 PMCID: PMC10066857 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mucin glycoproteins are the major component of mucus and coat epithelial cell surfaces forming the glycocalyx. The glycocalyx and mucus are involved in the transport of nutrients, drugs, gases, and pathogens toward the cell surface. Mucins are also involved in diverse diseases such as cystic fibrosis and cancer. Due to inherent heterogeneity in native mucin structure, many synthetic materials have been designed to probe mucin chemistry, biology, and physics. Such materials include various glycopolymers, low molecular weight glycopeptides, glycopolypeptides, polysaccharides, and polysaccharide-protein conjugates. This review highlights advances in the area of design and synthesis of mucin mimic materials, and their biomedical applications in glycan binding, epithelial models of infection, therapeutic delivery, vaccine formulation, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Kohout
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Casia L Wardzala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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5
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Wardzala CL, Clauss ZS, Kramer JR. Principles of glycocalyx engineering with hydrophobic-anchored synthetic mucins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:952931. [PMID: 36325363 PMCID: PMC9621330 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.952931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular glycocalyx is involved in diverse biological phenomena in health and disease. Yet, molecular level studies have been challenged by a lack of tools to precisely manipulate this heterogeneous structure. Engineering of the cell surface using insertion of hydrophobic-terminal materials has emerged as a simple and efficient method with great promise for glycocalyx studies. However, there is a dearth of information about how the structure of the material affects membrane insertion efficiency and resulting density, the residence time of the material, or what types of cells can be utilized. Here, we examine a panel of synthetic mucin structures terminated in highly efficient cholesterylamide membrane anchors for their ability to engineer the glycocalyx of five different cell lines. We examined surface density, residence time and half-life, cytotoxicity, and the ability be passed to daughter cells. We report that this method is robust for a variety of polymeric structures, long-lasting, and well-tolerated by a variety of cell lines.
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6
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Purcell SC, Zhang MH, Honigfort DJ, Ng HJC, Michalak AL, Godula K. Cell surface photoengineering enables modeling of glycocalyx shedding dynamics. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6626-6635. [PMID: 35756522 PMCID: PMC9172368 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00524g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular glycocalyx, composed of membrane associated glycoproteins and glycolipids, is a complex and dynamic interface that facilitates interactions between cells and their environment. The glycocalyx composition is continuously changing through biosynthesis of new glycoconjugates and membrane turnover. Various glycocalyx components, such as mucins, can also be rapidly shed from the cell surface in response to acute events, such as pathogenic threat. Mucins, which are large extended glycoproteins, deliver important protective functions against infection by creating a physical barrier at the cell surface and by capturing and clearing pathogens through shedding. Evaluating these mucin functions may provide better understanding of early stages of pathogenesis; however, tools to tailor the composition and dynamics of the glycocalyx with precision are still limited. Here, we report a chemical cell surface engineering strategy to model the shedding behavior of mucins with spatial and temporal control. We generated synthetic mucin mimetic glycopolymers terminated with a photolabile membrane anchor, which could be introduced into the membranes of living cells and, subsequently, released upon exposure to UV light. By tuning the molecular density of the artificial glycocalyx we evaluated lectin crosslinking and its effect on shedding, showing that lectins can stabilize the glycocalyx and limit release of the mucin mimetics from the cell surface. Our findings indicate that endogenous and pathogen-associated lectins, which are known to interact with the host-cell glycocalyx, may alter mucin shedding dynamics and influence the protective properties of the mucosal barrier. More broadly, we present a method which enables photoengineering of the glycocalyx and can be used to facilitate the study of glycocalyx dynamics in other biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Purcell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Michelle H Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Daniel J Honigfort
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Hans Jefferson C Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Austen L Michalak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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7
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Lundstrøm J, Bojar D. Structural insights into host-microbe glycointeractions. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 73:102337. [PMID: 35182928 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Despite their ubiquitous presence in biological systems, glycans have historically received less attention than they deserved. Investigations in recent years have featured important findings about the role of glycans in regulating the human gut microbiota. Here, we present a brief overview of current trends that shape future directions of computational and experimental research approaches and add to our understanding of host-microbe glycointeractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Lundstrøm
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. https://twitter.com/jonlundstrm
| | - Daniel Bojar
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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8
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Spliid CB, Toledo AG, Sanderson P, Mao Y, Gatto F, Gustavsson T, Choudhary S, Saldanha AL, Vogelsang RP, Gögenur I, Theander TG, Leach FE, Amster IJ, Esko JD, Salanti A, Clausen TM. The specificity of the malarial VAR2CSA protein for chondroitin sulfate depends on 4-O-sulfation and ligand accessibility. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101391. [PMID: 34762909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental malaria infection is mediated by the binding of the malarial VAR2CSA protein to the placental glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate. Recombinant sub-fragments of VAR2CSA (rVAR2) have also been shown to bind specifically and with high affinity to cancer cells and tissues, suggesting the presence of a shared type of oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS) in the placenta and in tumors. However, the exact structure of ofCS and what determines the selective tropism of VAR2CSA remains poorly understood. In this study, ofCS was purified by affinity chromatography using rVAR2 and subjected to detailed structural analysis. We found high levels of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-O-sulfation (∼80-85%) in placenta- and tumor-derived ofCS. This level of 4-O-sulfation was also found in other tissues that do not support parasite sequestration, suggesting that VAR2CSA tropism is not exclusively determined by placenta- and tumor-specific sulfation. Here, we show that both placenta and tumors contain significantly more chondroitin sulfate moieties of higher molecular weight than other tissues. In line with this, CHPF and CHPF2, which encode proteins required for chondroitin polymerization, are significantly upregulated in most cancer types. CRISPR/Cas9 targeting of CHPF and CHPF2 in tumor cells reduced the average molecular weight of cell-surface chondroitin sulfate and resulted in a marked reduction of rVAR2 binding. Finally, utilizing a cell-based glycocalyx model, we showed that rVAR2 binding correlates with the length of the chondroitin sulfate chains in the cellular glycocalyx. These data demonstrate that the total amount and cellular accessibility of chondroitin sulfate chains impact rVAR2 binding and thus malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte B Spliid
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Gomez Toledo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Yang Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research, 510990 Guangzhou, China
| | - Francesco Gatto
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 42196 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tobias Gustavsson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Swati Choudhary
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana L Saldanha
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus P Vogelsang
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4600 Koege, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4600 Koege, Denmark
| | - Thor G Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Franklin E Leach
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | | | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mandel Clausen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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9
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Glycocalyx crowding with mucin mimetics strengthens binding of soluble and virus-associated lectins to host cell glycan receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2107896118. [PMID: 34583992 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107896118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-associated mucins protect epithelial cell surfaces against pathogenic threats by serving as nonproductive decoys that capture infectious agents and clear them from the cell surface and by erecting a physical barrier that restricts their access to target receptors on host cells. However, the mechanisms through which mucins function are still poorly defined because of a limited repertoire of tools available for tailoring their structure and composition in living cells with molecular precision. Using synthetic glycopolymer mimetics of mucins, we modeled the mucosal glycocalyx on red blood cells (RBCs) and evaluated its influence on lectin (SNA) and virus (H1N1) adhesion to endogenous sialic acid receptors. The glycocalyx inhibited the rate of SNA and H1N1 adhesion in a size- and density-dependent manner, consistent with the current view of mucins as providing a protective shield against pathogens. Counterintuitively, increasing the density of the mucin mimetics enhanced the retention of bound lectins and viruses. Careful characterization of SNA behavior at the RBC surface using a range of biophysical and imaging techniques revealed lectin-induced crowding and reorganization of the glycocalyx with concomitant enhancement in lectin clustering, presumably through the formation of a more extensive glycan receptor patch at the cell membrane. Our findings indicate that glycan-targeting pathogens may exploit the biophysical and biomechanical properties of mucins to overcome the mucosal glycocalyx barrier.
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10
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Study on Significance of Receptor Targeting in Killing of Intracellular Bacteria with Membrane‐Impermeable Antibiotics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Glycoengineering: scratching the surface. Biochem J 2021; 478:703-719. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
At the surface of many cells is a compendium of glycoconjugates that form an interface between the cell and its surroundings; the glycocalyx. The glycocalyx serves several functions that have captivated the interest of many groups. Given its privileged residence, this meshwork of sugar-rich biomolecules is poised to transmit signals across the cellular membrane, facilitating communication with the extracellular matrix and mediating important signalling cascades. As a product of the glycan biosynthetic machinery, the glycocalyx can serve as a partial mirror that reports on the cell's glycosylation status. The glycocalyx can also serve as an information-rich barrier, withholding the entry of pathogens into the underlying plasma membrane through glycan-rich molecular messages. In this review, we provide an overview of the different approaches devised to engineer glycans at the cell surface, highlighting considerations of each, as well as illuminating the grand challenges that face the next era of ‘glyco-engineers’. While we have learned much from these techniques, it is evident that much is left to be unearthed.
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12
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Glycocalyx disruption enhances motility, proliferation and collagen synthesis in diabetic fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118955. [PMID: 33421533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing represents one of the most debilitating side effects of Diabetes mellitus. Though the role of fibroblasts in wound healing is well-known, the extent to which their function is altered in the context of diabetes remains incompletely understood. Here, we address this question by comparing the phenotypes of healthy dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and diabetic dermal fibroblasts (DDFs). We show that DDFs are more elongated but less motile and less contractile than HDFs. Reduced motility of DDFs is attributed to formation of larger focal adhesions stabilized by a bulky glycocalyx, associated with increased expression of the cell surface glycoprotein mucin 16 (MUC 16). Disruption of the glycocalyx not only restored DDF motility to levels comparable to that of HDFs, but also led to increased proliferation and collagen synthesis. Collectively, our results illustrate the influence of glycocalyx disruption on mechanics of diabetic fibroblasts relevant to cell motility.
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13
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Kwan CS, Cerullo AR, Braunschweig AB. Design and Synthesis of Mucin-Inspired Glycopolymers. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2704-2721. [PMID: 33346954 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are bottlebrush biopolymers that are glycoproteins on the surfaces of cells and as hydrogels secreted inside and outside the body. Mucin function in biology includes cell-cell recognition, signaling, protection, adhesion, and lubrication. Because of their attractive and diverse properties, mucins have recently become the focus of synthetic efforts by researchers who hope to understand and emulate these biomaterials. This review is focused on the development of methodologies for preparing mucin-inspired synthetic oligomers and glycopolymers, including solid-phase synthesis, polymerization of glycosylated monomers, and post-polymerization grafting of glycans to polymer chains. How these synthetic mucins have been used in health applications is discussed. Natural mucins are formed from a conserved set of monomers that are combined into chains of different sequences and lengths to achieve materials with widely diverse properties. Adopting this design paradigm from natural mucins could lead to next-generation bioinspired synthetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak-Shing Kwan
- The Advanced Science Research Center at the, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Antonio R Cerullo
- The Advanced Science Research Center at the, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,The PhD program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Adam B Braunschweig
- The Advanced Science Research Center at the, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,The PhD program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,The PhD program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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14
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Marshall PL, Nagy N, Kaber G, Barlow GL, Ramesh A, Xie BJ, Linde MH, Haddock NL, Lester CA, Tran QL, de Vries CR, Hargil A, Malkovskiy AV, Gurevich I, Martinez HA, Kuipers HF, Yadava K, Zhang X, Evanko SP, Gebe JA, Wang X, Vernon RB, de la Motte C, Wight TN, Engleman EG, Krams SM, Meyer EH, Bollyky PL. Hyaluronan synthesis inhibition impairs antigen presentation and delays transplantation rejection. Matrix Biol 2020; 96:69-86. [PMID: 33290836 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A coat of pericellular hyaluronan surrounds mature dendritic cells (DC) and contributes to cell-cell interactions. We asked whether 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU), an oral inhibitor of HA synthesis, could inhibit antigen presentation. We find that 4MU treatment reduces pericellular hyaluronan, destabilizes interactions between DC and T-cells, and prevents T-cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. These effects were observed only when 4MU was added prior to initial antigen presentation but not later, consistent with 4MU-mediated inhibition of de novo antigenic responses. Building on these findings, we find that 4MU delays rejection of allogeneic pancreatic islet transplant and allogeneic cardiac transplants in mice and suppresses allogeneic T-cell activation in human mixed lymphocyte reactions. We conclude that 4MU, an approved drug, may have benefit as an adjunctive agent to delay transplantation rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payton L Marshall
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Graham L Barlow
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Amrit Ramesh
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Bryan J Xie
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR, 1291 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Miles H Linde
- Division of Hematology, Dept. of Medicine, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, SIM1, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Naomi L Haddock
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Colin A Lester
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Quynh-Lam Tran
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Christiaan R de Vries
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Aviv Hargil
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Andrey V Malkovskiy
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery (BioADD) Laboratory Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, United States
| | - Irina Gurevich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Hunter A Martinez
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Hedwich F Kuipers
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Koshika Yadava
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Xiangyue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, 3373 Hillview Ave, Palo Alto CA 94304, United States
| | - Stephen P Evanko
- Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, United States
| | - John A Gebe
- Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, United States
| | - Xi Wang
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, MSLS P313, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Robert B Vernon
- Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, United States
| | - Carol de la Motte
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 4419, United States
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, United States
| | - Edgar G Engleman
- Division of Hematology, Dept. of Medicine, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, SIM1, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Sheri M Krams
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, MSLS P313, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Everett H Meyer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR, 1291 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
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