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Simonsen MB, Kappel SS, Aunsholt L, Möller S, Sangild PT, Zachariassen G. Mineral supplementation for very preterm infants fed fortified human milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:1389-1397. [PMID: 38587119 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The safety and feasibility of human milk fortification with bovine colostrum (BC) were investigated in very preterm infants (FortiColos trial, NCT03537365). The BC product contained lower calcium, phosphate, and iron levels compared to the conventional fortifier (CF). We tested whether fortification with BC plus extra phosphate was sufficient to support the infants' mineral status assessed by blood biochemistry. METHODS In a randomised controlled trial (FortiColos, NCT03537365), mineral status was compared after fortification with BC versus CF. Blood calcium, phosphate, and haemoglobin were determined before and up to 3 weeks after the start of fortification (at the mean age of 8-9 days). The maximum supplemental doses of calcium, phosphate, and iron given were retrieved from patient medical records. Results were adjusted for gestational age, birth weight, and enteral nutrition with the mother's own milk and/or donor human milk. RESULTS Blood values of calcium, phosphate, and haemoglobin were similar between groups. Infants in both groups required supplementation with calcium and phosphate, but infants fed BC required higher maximum doses of phosphate and calcium (p < 0.05) to maintain acceptable blood values. Regardless of fortification groups, the most immature (<29 weeks of gestation) and small for gestational age infants showed a higher risk for requiring additional phosphate (odds ratio [OR]: 3.9, p < 0.001; OR: 2.14, p = 0.07, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The use of BC as a fortifier for human milk requires additional phosphate and calcium relative to a CF. Regardless of the fortification product, the most immature and small infants require additional mineral supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bendix Simonsen
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Open Patient Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susanne Soendergaard Kappel
- Section of Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Aunsholt
- Section of Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sören Möller
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Open Patient Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Section of Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Zachariassen
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Open Patient Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Sangild PT. Science and Faith to Understand Milk Bioactivity for Infants. Nutrients 2024; 16:1676. [PMID: 38892610 PMCID: PMC11174769 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk bioactivity refers to the specific health effects of milk components beyond nutrition. The science of milk bioactivity involves the systematic study of these components and their health effects, as verified by empirical data, controlled experiments, and logical arguments. Conversely, 'faith in milk bioactivity' can be defined as personal opinion, meaning, value, trust, and hope for health effects that are beyond investigation by natural, social, or human sciences. Faith can be strictly secular, but also influenced by spirituality or religion. The aim of this paper is to show that scientific knowledge is frequently supplemented with faith convictions to establish personal and public understanding of milk bioactivity. Mammalian milk is an immensely complex fluid containing myriad proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and micronutrients with multiple functions across species, genetics, ages, environments, and cultures. Human health includes not only physical health, but also social, mental, and spiritual health, requiring widely different fields of science to prove the relevance, safety, and efficacy of milk interventions. These complex relationships between milk feeding and health outcomes prevent firm conclusions based on science and logic alone. Current beliefs in and understanding of the value of breast milk, colostrum, infant formula, or isolated milk proteins (e.g., immunoglobulins, α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, and growth factors) show that both science and faith contribute to understand, stimulate, or restrict the use of milk bioactivity. The benefits of breastfeeding for infants are beyond doubt, but the strong beliefs in its health effects rely not only on science, and mechanisms are unclear. Likewise, fear of, or trust in, infant formula may rely on both science and faith. Knowledge from science safeguards individuals and society against 'milk bioactivity superstition'. Conversely, wisdom from faith-based convictions may protect science from unrealistic 'milk bioactivity scientism'. Honesty and transparency about the potentials and limitations of both scientific knowledge and faith convictions are important when informing individuals and society about the nutritious and bioactive qualities of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per T. Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Hans Christian Andersen Children’s Hospital, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Cross-Faculty Center for Science and Faith, Faculty of Theology, University of Copenhagen, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Holgersen K, Rasmussen MB, Zamir I, Aunsholt L, Zachariassen G, Sangild PT. Glucose-regulatory hormones and growth in very preterm infants fed fortified human milk. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03166-8. [PMID: 38580842 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine colostrum (BC) contains a range of milk bioactive components, and it is unknown how human milk fortification with BC affects glucose-regulatory hormones in very preterm infants (VPIs). This study aimed to investigate the associations between hormone concentrations and fortification type, birth weight (appropriate/small for gestational age, AGA/SGA), milk intake, postnatal age, and body growth. METHODS 225 VPIs were randomized to fortification with BC or conventional fortifier (CF). Plasma hormones were measured before, one and two weeks after start of fortification. ΔZ-scores from birth to 35 weeks postmenstrual age were calculated. RESULTS Compared with CF, infants fortified with BC had higher plasma GLP-1, GIP, glucagon, and leptin concentrations after start of fortification. Prior to fortification, leptin concentrations were negatively associated with growth, while IGF-1 concentrations associated positively with growth during fortification. In AGA infants, hormone concentrations generally increased after one week of fortification. Relative to AGA infants, SGA infants showed reduced IGF-1 and leptin concentrations. CONCLUSION Fortification with BC increased the plasma concentrations of several glucose-regulatory hormones. Concentrations of IGF-1 were positively, and leptin negatively, associated with growth. Glucose-regulatory hormone levels were affected by birth weight, milk intake and postnatal age, but not closely associated with growth in VPIs. IMPACT Little is known about the variation in glucose-regulatory hormones in the early life of very preterm infants (VPIs). This study shows that the levels of glucose-regulatory hormones in plasma of VPIs are highly variable and modified by birth weight (appropriate or small for gestational age, AGA or SGA), the type of fortifier, enteral nutritional intake, and advancing postnatal age. The results confirm that IGF-1 levels are positively associated with early postnatal growth in VPIs, yet the levels of both IGF-1 and other glucose-regulatory hormones appeared to explain only a small part of the overall variation in growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Holgersen
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Bo Rasmussen
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Itay Zamir
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lise Aunsholt
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Zachariassen
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Open Patient data Explorative Network, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Costa A, Sneddon NW, Goi A, Visentin G, Mammi LME, Savarino EV, Zingone F, Formigoni A, Penasa M, De Marchi M. Invited review: Bovine colostrum, a promising ingredient for humans and animals-Properties, processing technologies, and uses. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:5197-5217. [PMID: 37268582 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian colostrum, known as "liquid gold," is considered a valuable source of essential nutrients, growth factors, probiotics, prebiotics, antibodies, and other bioactive compounds. Precisely for this reason, bovine colostrum (BC) is an emerging ingredient for the feed, food, and pharmaceutical industries, being nowadays commercially available in a variety of forms in several countries. Moreover, quite a large number of functional foods and supplements for athletes, human medicines, pet nutrition plans, and complementary feed for some livestock categories, such as piglets and calves, contain BC. The amount of BC yielded by a cow after calving represents approximately 0.5% of the yearly output in dairy breeds. For its nutritional properties and low availability, BC is characterized by a greater market value and an increasing demand compared with other by-products of the dairy sector. However, information regarding the market size of BC for the food and pharmaceutical industries, as well as future developments and perspectives, is scarcely available in the scientific literature. This lack can be attributed to industrial secrecy as well as to the relatively small scale of the BC business when compared with other dairy products, which makes the BC market limited, specific, and intended for a restricted audience. From a legal perspective, regulations assign BC to the large family of milk-derived powders; thus, collecting specific production data, as well as import-export trend information, is not straightforward and can result in unprecise estimates. Given that the interest in BC is increasing in different fields, it is important to have an overview of the production steps and of pros and cons of this emerging ingredient. The present narrative review discloses why BC has started to be considered a product rather than a by-product of the dairy industry. Moreover, the present document aims to summarize the existing methodologies used to assess BC quality in terms of immunoglobulin concentration, the different applications of BC in the industry, and the BC processing technologies. Finally, a panoramic view of the current international market is provided for the first time for this dairy product.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 43, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - N W Sneddon
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - A Goi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - G Visentin
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 43, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - L M E Mammi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 43, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - E V Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova (PD), Italy; Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova (PD), Italy
| | - F Zingone
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova (PD), Italy; Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova (PD), Italy
| | - A Formigoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 43, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - M Penasa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Yan X, Pan X, Ding L, Dai Y, Chen J, Yang Y, Li Y, Hao H, Qiu H, Ye Z, Shen RL, Li Y, Ritz C, Peng Y, Zhou P, Gao F, Jiang PP, Lin HC, Zachariassen G, Sangild PT, Wu B. Bovine colostrum to supplement the first feeding of very preterm infants: The PreColos randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1408-1417. [PMID: 37437359 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gut immaturity leads to feeding difficulties in very preterm infants (<32 weeks gestation at birth). Maternal milk (MM) is the optimal diet but often absent or insufficient. We hypothesized that bovine colostrum (BC), rich in protein and bioactive components, improves enteral feeding progression, relative to preterm formula (PF), when supplemented to MM. Aim of the study is to determine whether BC supplementation to MM during the first 14 days of life shortens the time to full enteral feeding (120 mL/kg/d, TFF120). METHODS This was a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial at seven hospitals in South China without access to human donor milk and with slow feeding progression. Infants were randomly assigned to receive BC or PF when MM was insufficient. Volume of BC was restricted by recommended protein intake (4-4.5 g/kg/d). Primary outcome was TFF120. Feeding intolerance, growth, morbidities and blood parameters were recorded to assess safety. RESULTS A total of 350 infants were recruited. BC supplementation had no effect on TFF120 in intention-to-treat analysis [n (BC) = 171, n (PF) = 179; adjusted hazard ratio, aHR: 0.82 (95% CI: 0.64, 1.06); P = 0.13]. Body growth and morbidities did not differ, but more cases of periventricular leukomalacia were detected in the infants fed BC (5/155 vs. 0/181, P = 0.06). Blood chemistry and hematology data were similar between the intervention groups. CONCLUSIONS BC supplementation during the first two weeks of life did not reduce TFF120 and had only marginal effects on clinical variables. Clinical effects of BC supplementation on very preterm infants in the first weeks of life may depend on feeding regimen and remaining milk diet. TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov: NCT03085277.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yan
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Ji'nan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Ji'nan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiheng Dai
- Department of Neonatology, Foshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Nanshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguang, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Luohu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hu Hao
- Department of Neonatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixian Qiu
- Department of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenzhi Ye
- Department of Neonatology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - René Liang Shen
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yanqi Li
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; NBCD A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christian Ritz
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yueming Peng
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Ji'nan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Bao'an Women and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; NEOMICS Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping-Ping Jiang
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hung-Chih Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gitte Zachariassen
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Benqing Wu
- Department of Neonatology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Lotito D, Pacifico E, Matuozzo S, Musco N, Iommelli P, Zicarelli F, Tudisco R, Infascelli F, Lombardi P. Colostrum Composition, Characteristics and Management for Buffalo Calves: A Review. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050358. [PMID: 37235441 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the composition, characteristics, and management of dairy buffalo calves were examined and compared with bovines. The neonatal period is critical for buffalo calves and is characterized by a high mortality rate (more than 40%). The early intake of high-quality colostrum (IgG > 50 mg/mL) is the one way to improve the immune system of calves (serum IgG > 10 mg/mL after 12 h), thus increasing their chances of survival. Mainly in intensive farms, the availability of high-quality colostrum is necessary; thus, good quality colostrum is often stored to provide newborn calves which cannot be fed by their mothers. Also, the manipulation of the immunological status of animals through vaccination has been depicted since the quality of colostrum tended to be influenced by vaccination against pathogens. Buffalo breeding is constantly expanding in Italy, mainly thanks to the Mozzarella cheese production that represents the excellence of the "Made in Italy" and is exported worldwide. Indeed, high calf mortality rates directly affect the profitability of the business. For these reasons, the aim of this review was to examine specific research on buffalo colostrum that, compared with other species, are scarce. Improving the knowledge of buffalo colostrum, in terms of characteristics and management, is critical to guarantee buffalo newborns' health in order to reduce their mortality rate. Importantly, considering the knowledge on cattle valid also for buffalo is a widespread, and often erroneous, habit in several fields, including colostrum feeding. Therefore, the two species were compared in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Lotito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pacifico
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Matuozzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - Piera Iommelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Zicarelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tudisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - Federico Infascelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Napoli, Italy
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Linehan K, Ross RP, Stanton C. Bovine Colostrum for Veterinary and Human Health Applications: A Critical Review. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2023; 14:387-410. [PMID: 36972163 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-060721-014650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Bovine colostrum harbors a diverse array of bioactive components suitable for the development of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals with veterinary and human health applications. Bovine colostrum has a strong safety profile with applications across all age groups for health promotion and the amelioration of a variety of disease states. Increased worldwide milk production and novel processing technologies have resulted in substantial growth of the market for colostrum-based products. This review provides a synopsis of the bioactive components in bovine colostrum, the processing techniques used to produce high-value colostrum-based products, and recent studies utilizing bovine colostrum for veterinary and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Linehan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland;
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland;
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, County Cork, Ireland
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8
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Effects of Spray Drying, Freeze Drying and Gamma Irradiation on the Antioxidant Activities of Camel and Cow Milk Fractions. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to establish an integrated approach to investigate the total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of dried skim camel and cow milk and their fractions. The milk fractions were obtained by acid or enzymatic coagulation followed by spray drying (inlet temperature/outlet temperature: 125 ± 2 °C/90 ± 2 °C) or freeze drying (−50 °C, 0.05 mbar) coupled or not to gamma irradiation (at 5, 11, 22 kGy). The results showed that the total phenolic content (measured in gallic acid equivalent, GAE) varied depending on the drying technique. The freeze-drying process corresponded to the highest values of total phenolic compounds, with 247.23 ± 2.08 mg GAE/100 g powder for the β-casein fraction of camel milk (βC CaM) and 621.13 ± 4.16 mg GAE/100 g powder for the β-casein fraction of cow milk (βC CoM). Compared to spray-dried fractions, freeze-dried fractions showed generally higher ferric reducing antioxidant power for both camel milk and cow milk. The highest values of free radical scavenging activity were seen in the spray-dried β-casein fractions of camel milk (βC CaM) and cow milk (βC CoM) and in the freeze-dried acid whey of cow and camel milk (AW CaM and AW CaM). Freeze-dried acid whey (AW CaM and AW CoM) appeared to be less sensitive to gamma irradiation at 5 and 11 kGy.
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9
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Determination of native lactoferrin and other whey proteins at different pH conditions after UHT using reverse phase HPLC. Int Dairy J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2023.105621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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10
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Mehra R, Kumar S, Singh R, Kumar N, Rathore D, Nayik GA, Alabdallah NM, Monteiro A, Guiné RF, Kumar H. Biochemical, dielectric and surface characteristics of freeze-dried bovine colostrum whey powder. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100364. [PMID: 35761882 PMCID: PMC9233230 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Whey powder prepared by freeze-drying of bovine colostrum obtained from high altitude cow breed Himachali Pahari. Freeze-dried BCWP contained a considerable amount of amino acids, minerals and IgG. BCWP has a resistance of ∼57 M-ohm (Ω) which decreases with frequency and temperature. BCWP can find utilization as a functional food ingredient in health and infants’ formula.
Colostrum samples of recently registered cow breed “Himachali Pahari” were assorted from high altitude zone (901–2200 m). Prepared bovine colostrum whey powder (BCWP) was analysed for chemical composition, amino acids, minerals, surface morphology (SEM-EDS), FTIR and dielectric properties. Results showed that freeze-dried BCWP contained a considerable amount of nutritional parameters viz IgG (18.55 g/100 g), protein (71.72 g/100 g) and total amino acids (69.64 g/100 g). Additionally, the concentration of essential minerals was found to be adequate, and there was no presence of heavy metals. The BCWP exhibits good dielectric properties (resistance ∼57 M-Ω). SEM-EDS showed the broken up-wards layer structure with the uniform distribution of minerals on the surface. The FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of a higher proportion of β-sheets and β-turn structures in BCWP. Thus, on account of good functional and nutritive properties, BCWP could be foreseen as the future of functional food.
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Colostrum ingredients, its nutritional and health benefits - an overview. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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12
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Abdul Wazed M, Farid M. Denaturation kinetics and storage stability of Osteopontin in reconstituted infant milk formula. Food Chem 2022; 379:132138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ceniti C, Costanzo N, Morittu VM, Tilocca B, Roncada P, Britti D. Review: Colostrum as an Emerging food: Nutraceutical Properties and Food Supplement. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2034165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Ceniti
- Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Costanzo
- Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Maria Morittu
- Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Tilocca
- Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
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Insights into the Research Trends on Bovine Colostrum: Beneficial Health Perspectives with Special Reference to Manufacturing of Functional Foods and Feed Supplements. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030659. [PMID: 35277018 PMCID: PMC8840100 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine colostrum (BC) is the initial mammary secretion after parturition, which is nature’s bountiful source consisting of nutritional and bioactive components present in a highly concentrated low-volume format. All mammalian newborns require colostrum to enhance physiological processes such as lifelong immunity, gastrointestinal development, and resistance to microbial infections. The genetic, environmental, and processing methods can all have an impact on the biochemical contents of BC and its supplements. BC and its derivatives have been intensively researched for their potential use in functional foods, medicines, and animal feed. Evidence from clinical studies suggests that BC products are well-tolerated, nontoxic, and safe for human ingestion. Functional foods, feed, and pharmaceutical formulations based on bovine colostrum are playing noteworthy roles in the development of innovative products for promoting health and the prevention of chronic illnesses. This systematic review sheds light on recent research on (a) the effects of processing techniques on BC components, (b) emerging techniques used in the isolation and identification of novel components, (c) BC-based functional foods for human consumption and animal feed supplements, and (d) the role of BC in current drug delivery, as well as future recommendations.
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15
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Zhang L, Zhou R, Zhang J, Zhou P. Heat-induced denaturation and bioactivity changes of whey proteins. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gomes RD, Anaya K, Galdino AB, Oliveira JP, Gama MA, Medeiros CA, Gavioli EC, Porto ALF, Rangel AH. Bovine colostrum: A source of bioactive compounds for prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. NFS JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Effect of hurdle technology of gentle pasteurisation and drying process on bioactive proteins, antioxidant activity and microbial quality of cow and buffalo colostrum. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Arshad MA, Hassan FU, Rehman MS, Huws SA, Cheng Y, Din AU. Gut microbiome colonization and development in neonatal ruminants: Strategies, prospects, and opportunities. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:883-895. [PMID: 34632119 PMCID: PMC8484983 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colonization and development of the gut microbiome is a crucial consideration for optimizing the health and performance of livestock animals. This is mainly attributed to the fact that dietary and management practices greatly influence the gut microbiota, subsequently leading to changes in nutrient utilization and immune response. A favorable microbiome can be implanted through dietary or management interventions of livestock animals, especially during early life. In this review, we explore all the possible factors (for example gestation, colostrum, and milk feeding, drinking water, starter feed, inoculation from healthy animals, prebiotics/probiotics, weaning time, essential oil and transgenesis), which can influence rumen microbiome colonization and development. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of potential strategies used to manipulate gut development and microbial colonization to improve the production and health of newborn calves at an early age when they are most susceptible to enteric disease. Moreover, we provide insights into possible interventions and their potential effects on rumen development and microbiota establishment. Prospects of latest techniques like transgenesis and host genetics have also been discussed regarding their potential role in modulation of rumen microbiome and subsequent effects on gut development and performance in neonatal ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Arshad
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Muhammad S Rehman
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Sharon A Huws
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, GB-NIR, UK
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ahmad U Din
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
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Sangild PT, Vonderohe C, Melendez Hebib V, Burrin DG. Potential Benefits of Bovine Colostrum in Pediatric Nutrition and Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082551. [PMID: 34444709 PMCID: PMC8402036 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine colostrum (BC), the first milk produced from cows after parturition, is increasingly used as a nutritional supplement to promote gut function and health in other species, including humans. The high levels of whey and casein proteins, immunoglobulins (Igs), and other milk bioactives in BC are adapted to meet the needs of newborn calves. However, BC supplementation may improve health outcomes across other species, especially when immune and gut functions are immature in early life. We provide a review of BC composition and its effects in infants and children in health and selected diseases (diarrhea, infection, growth-failure, preterm birth, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), short-bowel syndrome, and mucositis). Human trials and animal studies (mainly in piglets) are reviewed to assess the scientific evidence of whether BC is a safe and effective antimicrobial and immunomodulatory nutritional supplement that reduces clinical complications related to preterm birth, infections, and gut disorders. Studies in infants and animals suggest that BC should be supplemented at an optimal age, time, and level to be both safe and effective. Exclusive BC feeding is not recommended for infants because of nutritional imbalances relative to human milk. On the other hand, adverse effects, including allergies and intolerance, appear unlikely when BC is provided as a supplement within normal nutrition guidelines for infants and children. Larger clinical trials in infant populations are needed to provide more evidence of health benefits when patients are supplemented with BC in addition to human milk or formula. Igs and other bioactive factors in BC may work in synergy, making it critical to preserve bioactivity with gentle processing and pasteurization methods. BC has the potential to become a safe and effective nutritional supplement for several pediatric subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Torp Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics & Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, DK-1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Caitlin Vonderohe
- USDA-ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Pediatrics, Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.V.); (V.M.H.)
| | - Valeria Melendez Hebib
- USDA-ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Pediatrics, Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.V.); (V.M.H.)
| | - Douglas G. Burrin
- USDA-ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Pediatrics, Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.V.); (V.M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-798-7049
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20
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Mehra R, Kumar S, Verma N, Kumar N, Singh R, Bhardwaj A, Nayan V, Kumar H. Chemometric approaches to analyze the colostrum physicochemical and immunological (IgG) properties in the recently registered Himachali Pahari cow breed in India. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Jiang PP, Muk T, Krych L, Nielsen DS, Khakimov B, Li Y, Juhl SM, Greisen G, Sangild PT. Gut colonization in preterm infants supplemented with bovine colostrum in the first week of life: An explorative pilot study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 46:592-599. [PMID: 33988859 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the first weeks after birth, enteral feeding and bacterial colonization interact to influence gut maturation in preterm infants. Bovine colostrum (BC) has been suggested as a relevant supplementary diet when own mother's milk (MM) is insufficient or absent. This pilot trial tests whether the supplement type, BC or donor human milk (DM), affects gut colonization in preterm infants during the first week of life. METHODS On day 7, fecal samples were collected from preterm infants (n = 24) fed BC or DM as a supplement to MM. The gut microbiome (GM) was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing. Correlations between the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa and blood chemistry variables, including amino acids, were explored. RESULTS BC-supplemented infants showed a lower relative abundance of the families Lactobacillaceae and Enterococcaceae than DM infants. Planococcaceae were more abundant in infants delivered by cesarean birth vs vaginally. The relative abundance of bacterial families, specifically Enterobacteriaceae, correlated negatively with plasma levels of multiple essential and nonessential amino acids (valine, isoleucine, lysine, histidine, and arginine). CONCLUSION The nature of nutrition supplements (BC or DM) just after birth may affect GM development and nutrient metabolism in the neonatal period of preterm infants. The exploratory nature of our study calls for confirmation of these results and their possible long-term clinical implications for preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Jiang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tik Muk
- Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lukasz Krych
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Yanqi Li
- Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Gorm Greisen
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Paediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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22
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Playford RJ, Weiser MJ. Bovine Colostrum: Its Constituents and Uses. Nutrients 2021; 13:265. [PMID: 33477653 PMCID: PMC7831509 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colostrum is the milk produced during the first few days after birth and contains high levels of immunoglobulins, antimicrobial peptides, and growth factors. Colostrum is important for supporting the growth, development, and immunologic defence of neonates. Colostrum is naturally packaged in a combination that helps prevent its destruction and maintain bioactivity until it reaches more distal gut regions and enables synergistic responses between protective and reparative agents present within it. Bovine colostrum been used for hundreds of years as a traditional or complementary therapy for a wide variety of ailments and in veterinary practice. Partly due to concerns about the side effects of standard Western medicines, there is interest in the use of natural-based products of which colostrum is a prime example. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated therapeutic benefits of bovine colostrum for a wide range of indications, including maintenance of wellbeing, treatment of medical conditions and for animal husbandry. Articles within this Special Issue of Nutrients cover the effects and use bovine colostrum and in this introductory article, we describe the main constituents, quality control and an overview of the use of bovine colostrum in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond John Playford
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK
- Department of R&D, PanTheryx Inc., Boulder, CO 80301, USA;
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