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Eweis A, Ahmad MS, El Domany EB, Al-Zharani M, Mubarak M, E Eldin Z, GadelHak Y, Mahmoud R, Hozzein WN. Actinobacterium-Mediated Green Synthesis of CuO/Zn-Al LDH Nanocomposite Using Micromonospora sp. ISP-2 27: A Synergistic Study that Enhances Antimicrobial Activity. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:34507-34529. [PMID: 39157139 PMCID: PMC11325407 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics has created an urgent need to develop enhanced alternatives. Nanocomposites combined with promising antibacterial nanomaterials can show improved antimicrobial activity compared to that of their components. In this work, green synthesized CuO nanoparticles (NPs) supported on an anionic clay with a hydrotalcite-like structure such as Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposite were investigated as antimicrobial agents. This nanocomposite was synthesized using Micromonospora sp. ISP-2 27 cell-free supernatant to form CuO NPs on the surface of previously synthesized LDH. The prepared samples were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, XRD, FTIR, Field emission scanning electron microscopy with EDX, zeta potential, and hydrodynamic particle size. UV-vis spectral analysis of the biosynthesized CuO NPs revealed a maximum peak at 300 nm, indicating their successful synthesis. The synthesized CuO NPs had a flower-like morphology with a size range of 43-78 nm, while the LDH support had a typical hexagonal layered structure. The zeta potentials of the CuO NPs, Zn-Al LDH, and CuO NPs/LDH nanocomposite were -21.4, 22.3, and 30.8 mV, respectively, while the average hydrodynamic sizes were 687, 735, and 528 nm, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the produced samples was tested against several microbes. The results demonstrated that the nanocomposite displayed superior antimicrobial properties compared to those of its components. Among the microbes tested, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 was more sensitive (30 ± 0.34) to the biosynthesized nanocomposite than to CuO NPs (25 ± 0.05) and Zn-Al LDH (22 ± 0.011). In summary, the use of nanocomposites with superior antimicrobial properties has the potential to offer innovative solutions to the global challenge of antibiotic resistance by providing alternative treatments, reducing the reliance on traditional antibiotics, and contributing to the development of more effective and targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah
A. Eweis
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Maged S. Ahmad
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Ehab B. El Domany
- Biotechnology
and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for
Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Al-Zharani
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad
Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mubarak
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad
Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zienab E Eldin
- Department
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies
for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Yasser GadelHak
- Department
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies
for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Rehab Mahmoud
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef
University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Wael N. Hozzein
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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Qadikolaei ZM, Rabiee SM, Gholipour-Kanani A. Synthesis and characterization of mupirocin-LDH/PVA nanofibrous composite as a dual-carrier drug release system. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131378. [PMID: 38580023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanofibrous structures based on organic and inorganic materials are considered a drug delivery system for the controlled release of antibiotics and other antibacterial agents. The main goal of this research is a combination of the special properties of nanofibrous structure and Mupirocin-loaded Layered double hydroxide (LDH) to obtain a dual-carrier drug release system to provide long term antibacterial properties in wound healing process. Regards, unloaded layered double hydroxide (LDH) and Mupirocin-loaded LDH, which were synthesized by co-precipitation method, were added to Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution in different mass ratio and electrospun using different processing conditions. The physico-chemical characterizations were performed using SEM, FTIR and tensile strength tests. The biological properties of the fabricated nanocomposites were evaluated using antibacterial test and in vitro cell culturing followed by MTT assay. The SEM results showed a bead-less and uniform morphology of nanofibrous composite containing Mupirocin(2.3 wt%)-LDH(15 wt%)/PVA with an average fiber diameter of about 270 ± 58 nm. According to the release study, the maximum release of the mupirocin drug was about 54 % in the first 6 h. The antibiogram analysis exhibited good antibacterial activity of mupirocin-loaded nanocomposite against both bacteria, especially gram-positive one. Finally, MTT assay approved the biocompatibility of the mupirocin-loaded nanocomposite. Overall, the produced nanofibrous composites would be a promising dual-carrier system for controlled release of antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Majidi Qadikolaei
- Department of Materials Engineering, Babol University of Technology, P.O. Box: 47148711167, Babol, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahmood Rabiee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Babol University of Technology, P.O. Box: 47148711167, Babol, Iran..
| | - Adeleh Gholipour-Kanani
- Department of Textile Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 1477893855, Tehran, Iran..
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Ritu, Badatya S, Patel MK, Gupta MK. Unveiling a robust and high-temperature-stable two-dimensional ZnAl layered double hydroxide nanosheet based flexible triboelectric nanogenerator. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:4176-4188. [PMID: 38323839 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03894g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators have the ability to harvest low- and mid-frequency vibrational energy from the environment; however, achieving stable performance of the nanogenerator device in high-temperature conditions remains challenging. In this work, a flexible and temperature-stable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/layered double hydroxides (LDH) nanocomposite-based triboelectric nanogenerator was developed to harvest unexploited vibrational energy for the first time. Crystalline ZnAl LDH nanosheets grown by a hydrothermal route are used to fabricate the high-performance flexible nanogenerator. The ZnAl LDH exhibits fire-retardancy and high-temperature stability (∼500 °C). A triboelectric nanogenerator based on the ZnAl LDH-PVA nanocomposite generated a very high output voltage of 60 V even under a low vertical pressure of 1 kgf. Surprisingly, the developed device shows ultra-stable output performance even up to a temperature of 200 °C. In addition, a ZnAl LDH-nanosheet-reinforced PVA nanocomposite film shows very high dielectric constant of about 5 × 105 at the low-frequency side. The tremendous increase in the output voltage and stable performance are discussed in terms of the high dielectric constant and synergistic effect of the LDH nanosheets and PVA. Furthermore, the device was also used to monitor human body movements such as finger and wrist bending to develop self-powered sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu
- Manufacturing Science and Instrumentation Division (MSI), CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, 160030, Chandigarh, India.
- Department of Manufacturing, Materials and Mechatronics (MM&M), School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Simadri Badatya
- Green Engineered Materials and Additive Manufacturing Division (GEM&AM), CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Patel
- Manufacturing Science and Instrumentation Division (MSI), CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, 160030, Chandigarh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Green Engineered Materials and Additive Manufacturing Division (GEM&AM), CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kumari S, Sharma V, Soni S, Sharma A, Thakur A, Kumar S, Dhama K, Sharma AK, Bhatia SK. Layered double hydroxides and their tailored hybrids/composites: Progressive trends for delivery of natural/synthetic-drug/cosmetic biomolecules. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117171. [PMID: 37734578 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are well-known and important class of hydrotalcite-type anionic clays (HTs) materials that are cost-effective with additional advantages of facile synthesis, composition, tenability, and reusability. These convincing characteristics are liable for their applications in various fields related to energy, environment, catalysis, biomedical, and biotechnology. HTs/LDHs are generally synthesized from low cost abundantly available chemical precursors through the aqueous synthetic pathways under mild reaction conditions. These materials can be termed green materials based on their non-toxic nature, availability of precursors, facile and low-cost production using aqueous medium conditions with less hazardous effluents. Diverse and fascinating characteristics have been attributed to HTs/LDHs like anion exchange ability, surface basicity, biocompatibility, controlled release of the anion specific area, porosity, easy surface modification, and pH dependent biodegradability. Hence, HTs/LDHs and their modified and/or functionalized nanohybrids/nanocomposites are reported as the potential drug delivery carriers with a capability to stabilize the susceptible bioactive molecules, may enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs along with controlled drug/bioactive molecule release and delivery. These clay and bioactive hybrid materials have good biocompatibility, less cytotoxicity, and better site-targeting with improved cellular uptake than that of free parent biomolecules. These lamellar solids of micro/nanostructure are compatible, host-guest materials and able to fabricate with drugs/cosmeceutical/bio- or synthetic polymers without any change in their molecular structure and reactivity along with improvement in their stabilities. Other important features are facile synthesis, basicity, high stability with easy storage, and efficient administration with low bio-toxicity. This study enlightens the applications of HTs/LDHs along with their hybrids/composites in the field of drug/cosmeceutical/gene delivery systems of natural/synthetic biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Career Point University, Tikker - Kharwarian, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 176041, India; Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Career Point University, Tikker - Kharwarian, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 176041, India
| | - Varruchi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, 160019, India
| | - Savita Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Career Point University, Tikker - Kharwarian, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 176041, India; Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Career Point University, Tikker - Kharwarian, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 176041, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Career Point University, Tikker - Kharwarian, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 176041, India; Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Career Point University, Tikker - Kharwarian, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 176041, India.
| | - Abhinay Thakur
- Department of Zoology, DAV College, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144008, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 82 A, IT City Rd, Block D, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea; Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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5
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Mohamed H, Mahmoud R, Abdelwahab A, Farghali AA, Abo El-Ela FI, Allah AE. Multifunctional ternary ZnMgFe LDH as an efficient adsorbent for ceftriaxone sodium and antimicrobial agent: sustainability of adsorption waste as a catalyst for methanol electro-oxidation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26069-26088. [PMID: 37664207 PMCID: PMC10472347 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03426g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to achieve sustainable benefits for the adsorption of wastewater pollutants, spent adsorbents need to be recycled and/or valorized. This work studied a two-dimensional (2D) ZnMgFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) for ceftriaxone sodium (CTX) adsorption. This LDH showed a crystallite size of 9.8 nm, a BET surface area of 367.59 m2 g-1, and a micro-sphere-like morphology. The factors investigated in this study were the adsorbent dose, initial concentration, initial pH, and contact time. ZnMgFe LDH showed 99% removal of CTX with a maximum adsorption capacity of 241.75 mg g-1 at pH = 5. The Dubinin-Radushkevich model was found to be the most adequate isotherm model. The spent adsorbent (ZnMgFe LDH/CTX) was reused as an electro-oxidation catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells. ZnMgFe LDH/CTX showed almost a 10-fold increase in electrochemical activity for all scan rates compared to bare ZnMgFe LDH in 1 M KOH. As methanol concentration increases, the maximum current density generated by both the ZnMgFe LDH and ZnMgFe LDH/CTX samples increases. Moreover, the maximum current density for ZnMgFe LDH/CTX was 47 mA cm-2 at a methanol concentration of 3 M. Both samples possess reasonable stability over a 3600 S time window with no significant deterioration of electrochemical performance. Moreover, the antimicrobial studies showed that ZnMgFe LDH had a significant antifungal (especially Aspergillus, Mucor, and Penicillium species) and antibacterial (with greater action against Gram-positive than negative) impact on several severe infectious diseases, including Aspergillus. This study paves the way for the reuse and valorization of selected adsorbents toward circular economy requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Mohamed
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62511 Egypt
| | - Rehab Mahmoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University 62511 Egypt
| | - Abdalla Abdelwahab
- Faculty of Science, Galala University Sokhna 43511 Suez Egypt
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62511 Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Farghali
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62511 Egypt
| | - Fatma I Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University 62511 Egypt
| | - Abeer Enaiet Allah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University 62511 Egypt
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Gomaa I, Emam MH, Wassel AR, Ashraf K, Hussan S, Kalil H, Bayachou M, Ibrahim MA. Microspheres with 2D rGO/Alginate Matrix for Unusual Prolonged Release of Cefotaxime. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1527. [PMID: 37177072 PMCID: PMC10180501 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A synergistic interaction between reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and a biodegradable natural polymer, sodium alginate, was developed to create unique microspheres with protruding spiky features at the surface (spiky microspheres) that act as a super encapsulation and sustained release system for the highly effective antibiotic cefotaxime. Three forms of microspheres, namely alginate (Alg), alginate-cefotaxime (Alg-CTX), and alginate-cefotaxime-reduced graphene (Alg-CTX-rGO) composites, were prepared using calcium chloride as a cross-linking agent. The microspheres were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to investigate their pores, roughness, surface morphology, functional groups, phase formation, purity, and structural properties. The membrane diffusion method was employed to determine the release profile of Cefotaxime from the fabricated microspheres. The antibacterial activities of CTX solution, Alg microspheres, Alg-CTX microspheres, and Alg-CTX-rGO microspheres were investigated against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) using the agar diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar. The prepared samples exhibited excellent results, suggesting their potential for enhanced antibiotic delivery. The results demonstrated the potential of the microsphere 2D rGO/alginate matrix for enhancing cefotaxime delivery with an unusual, prolonged release profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Gomaa
- Nanotechnology Research Centre (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Merna H. Emam
- Nanotechnology Research Centre (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R. Wassel
- Nanotechnology Research Centre (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt
- Electron Microscope and Thin Film Department, Physics Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Kholoud Ashraf
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt
| | - Sara Hussan
- Biophysics Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Haitham Kalil
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Mekki Bayachou
- Chemistry Department, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Medhat A. Ibrahim
- Molecular Spectroscopy and Modeling Unit, Spectroscopy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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7
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Kankala RK. Nanoarchitectured two-dimensional layered double hydroxides-based nanocomposites for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114270. [PMID: 35421521 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the exceptional physicochemical and morphological characteristics, the pristine layered double hydroxides (LDHs), or two-dimensional (2D) hydrotalcite clays, often suffer from various shortcomings in biomedicine, such as deprived thermal and chemical stabilities, acid-prone degradation, as well as lack of targeting ability, hampering their scale-up and subsequent clinical translation. Accordingly, diverse nanocomposites of LDHs have been fabricated by surface coating of organic species, impregnation of inorganic species, and generation of core-shell architectures, resulting in the complex state-of-the-art architectures. In this article, we initially emphasize various bothering limitations and the chemistry of these pristine LDHs, followed by discussions on the engineering strategies of different LDHs-based nanocomposites. Further, we give a detailed note on diverse LDH nanocomposites and their performance efficacy in various biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, tissue engineering and cell patterning, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction, as well as photoluminescence, highlighting the influence of various properties of installed supramolecular assemblies on their performance efficacy. In summary, we conclude with interesting perspectives concerning the lessons learned to date and the strategies to be followed to further advance their scale-up processing and applicability in medicine.
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Khaliq T, Sohail M, Shah SA, Mahmood A, Kousar M, Jabeen N. Bioactive and multifunctional keratin-pullulan based hydrogel membranes facilitate re-epithelization in diabetic model. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1826-1836. [PMID: 35483511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel membrane dressings with multifunctional tunable properties encompassing biocompatibility, anti-bacterial, oxygen permeability, and adequate mechanical strength are highly preferred for wound healing. The present study aimed to develop biopolymer-based hydrogel membranes for the controlled release of therapeutic agent at the wound site. Toward this end we developed Cefotaxime sodium (CTX) loaded keratin (KR)-pullulan (PL) based hydrogel membrane dressings. All membranes show optimized vapor transmission rate (≥1000 g/ m2/day), oxygen permeability >8.2 mg/mL, MTT confirmed good biocompatibility and sufficient tensile strength (17.53 ± 1.9) for being used as a wound dressing. Nonetheless, KR-PL-PVA membranes show controlled CTX release due to enriched hydrophilic moieties which protect the wound from getting infected. In vivo results depict that CTX-KR-PL-PVA membrane group shows a rapid wound closure rate (p < 0.05) with appreciable angiogenesis, accelerated re-epithelization, and excessive collagen deposition at the wound site. These results endorsed that CTX-KR-PL-PVA hydrogel membranes are potential candidates for being used as dressing material in the diabetic wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touba Khaliq
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22010, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22010, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Ahmed Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22010, Pakistan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Mahmood
- Collage of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mubeen Kousar
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22010, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Jabeen
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22010, Pakistan
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Khaliq T, Sohail M, Minhas MU, Ahmed Shah S, Jabeen N, Khan S, Hussain Z, Mahmood A, Kousar M, Rashid H. Self-crosslinked chitosan/κ-carrageenan-based biomimetic membranes to combat diabetic burn wound infections. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 197:157-168. [PMID: 34968540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic wound infection often leads to compromised healing with frequent chances of sepsis, amputation and even death. Traditional patient care emphasized on early debridement and fluid resuscitation followed by intravenous antibiotics therapy. However, compromised vasculature often limit the systemic effect of antibiotics. Current study focused formulation of chitosan HCl, κ- carrageenan and PVA based physical cross-linked hydrogel membrane dressings loaded with cefotaxime sodium (CTX), for potential diabetic burn wound healing by adopting solvent casting method. Results of mechanical strength shows tensile strength and % elongation of 12.63 ± 0.25 and 48 ±3.05 respectively. Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) depicts that despite of formulation KCP3 and KCP6, all hydrogel membranes have WVTR value in range of ideal dressing i.e., 2000-2500 g/m2/day. Whereas, all hydrogel membranes have oxygen permibility values more than 8.2 mg/ml. Bacterial penetration analysis confirms the barrier property of formulated membranes. Drug loaded hydrogel membrane showed control release up to 24 hr which provide protection against bacterial proliferation. Present study aims to constructs diabetic burn rat model which demonstrate that CTX loaded hydrogel membrane shown significantly rapid wound closure higher re-epithelization and numerous granulation tissue formation as compared to positive and negative control group. Conclusively, it is confirmed that formulated hydrogel membranes are beneficial and can be considered as a promising membrane dressing to treat diabetic burn wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touba Khaliq
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22010, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22010, Pakistan.
| | | | - Syed Ahmed Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22010, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Jabeen
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22010, Pakistan
| | - Shahzeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arshad Mahmood
- Collage of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mubeen Kousar
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22010, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Rashid
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Mohamed MBED, Abo El-Ela FI, Mahmoud RK, Farghali AA, Gamil S, Aziz SAAA. Cefotax-magnetic nanoparticles as an alternative approach to control Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from different sources. Sci Rep 2022; 12:624. [PMID: 35022432 PMCID: PMC8755787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of magnetic nanocomposite of cefotax against MRSA. A total of 190 samples were collected from milk, farm personnel and different environmental components from the dairy farm under the study to isolate S. aureus. Cefotax based magnetic nanoparticles was synthetized by the adsorption method and marked using Fourier-transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), then it was characterized using Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscope (SEM and TEM). The obtained results revealed that number of positive samples of S. aureus isolation were 63 (33.1%), mainly from feed manger followed by milk machine swabs (60.0 and 53.3%, respectively) at X2 = 48.83 and P < 0.001. Obtained isolates were identified biochemically and by using molecular assays (PCR), also mec A gene responsible for resistance to cefotax was detected. Testing the sensitivity of 63 isolates of S. aureus showed variable degree of resistance to different tested antibiotics and significant sensitivity to cefotax based magnetic nanoparticles at P < 0.05. It was concluded that dairy environment might act a potential source for transmission of MRSA between human and animal populations. In addition, cefotax based magnetic nanoparticles verified an extreme antimicrobial efficacy against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Bahaa El Din Mohamed
- Department of Hygiene, Zoonoses and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Fatma I Abo El-Ela
- Associate professor of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Rehab K Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Farghali
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Gamil
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sahar Abdel Aleem Abdel Aziz
- Department of Hygiene, Zoonoses and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
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11
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Elkartehi ME, Mahmoud R, Shehata N, Farghali A, Gamil S, Zaher A. LDH Nanocubes Synthesized with Zeolite Templates and Their High Performance as Adsorbents. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3315. [PMID: 34947664 PMCID: PMC8708268 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the efficiency of the adsorptive removal of the organic cationic dye methylene blue (MB) from polluted water was examined using three materials: natural clay (zeolite), Zn-Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH), and zeolite/LDH composite. These materials were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) diffraction (XRF), low-temperature N2 adsorption, pore volume and average pore size distribution and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The properties of the applied nanomaterials regarding the adsorption of MB were investigated by determining various experimental parameters, such as the contact time, initial dye concentration, and solution pH. In addition, the adsorption isotherm model was estimated using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm models. The Langmuir model was the best-fitting for all applied nanomaterials. In addition, the kinetics were analyzed by using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models, and the pseudo-second-order model was an apparent fit for all three applied nanomaterials. The maximum Adsorption capacity toward MB obtained from the materials was in the order zeolite/LDH composite > zeolites > Zn-Fe LDH. Thus, the zeolite/LDH composite is an excellent adsorbent for the removal of MB from polluted water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moftah Essa Elkartehi
- Department of Environmental Science and Industrial Development, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (M.E.E.); (N.S.)
| | - Rehab Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Nabila Shehata
- Department of Environmental Science and Industrial Development, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (M.E.E.); (N.S.)
| | - Ahmed Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (A.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Shimaa Gamil
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (A.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Amal Zaher
- Department of Environmental Science and Industrial Development, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (M.E.E.); (N.S.)
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12
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Hermosilla J, Pastene-Navarrete E, Acevedo F. Electrospun Fibers Loaded with Natural Bioactive Compounds as a Biomedical System for Skin Burn Treatment. A Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2054. [PMID: 34959336 PMCID: PMC8707873 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Burns are a major threat to public health and the economy due to their costly and laborious treatment and high susceptibility to infection. Efforts have been made recently to investigate natural bioactive compounds with potential use in wound healing. The importance lies in the capacities that these compounds could possess both in infection control by common and resistant microorganisms, as well as in the regeneration of the affected tissues, having in both cases low adverse effects. However, some bioactive molecules are chemically unstable, poorly soluble, and susceptible to oxidative degradation or have low bioavailability. Therefore, developing new technologies for an efficient treatment of wound healing poses a real challenge. In this context, electrospun nanofibers have gained increasing research interest because bioactive molecules can be easily loaded within the nanofiber, resulting in optimal burst control and enhanced drug stability. Additionally, the nanofibers can mimic the extracellular collagen matrix, providing a suitable highly porous structural support for growing cells that facilitate and accelerate skin burns healing. This review gives an overview of the current state of electrospun fibers loaded with natural bioactive compounds as a biomedical system for skin burn treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyson Hermosilla
- Doctoral Program in Sciences of Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3800708, Chile;
| | - Edgar Pastene-Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3800708, Chile;
| | - Francisca Acevedo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Center of Excellence in Traslational Medicine (CEMT), Faculty of Medicine, and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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13
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Ibrahium SM, Farghali AA, Mahmoud R, Wahba AA, El-Ashram S, Mahran HA, Aboelhadid SM. New insight on some selected nanoparticles as an effective adsorbent toward diminishing the health risk of deltamethrin contaminated water. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258749. [PMID: 34735469 PMCID: PMC8568195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deltamethrin is a widely used insecticide that kills a wide variety of insects and ticks. Deltamethrin resistance develops as a result of intensive, repeated use, as well as increased environmental contamination and a negative impact on public health. Its negative impact on aquatic ecology and human health necessitated the development of a new technique for environmental remediation and wastewater treatment, such as the use of nanotechnology. The co-precipitation method was used to create Zn-Fe/LDH, Zn-AL-GA/LDH, and Fe-oxide nanoparticles (NPs), which were then characterized using XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, and HR-TEM. The kinetic study of adsorption test revealed that these NPs were effective at removing deltamethrin from wastewater. The larval packet test, which involved applying freshly adsorbed deltamethrin nanocomposites (48 hours after adsorption), and the comet assay test were used to confirm that deltamethrin had lost its acaricidal efficacy. The kinetics of the deltamethrin adsorption process was investigated using several kinetic models at pH 7, initial concentration of deltamethrin 40 ppm and temperature 25°C. Within the first 60 min, the results indicated efficient adsorption performance in deltamethrin removal, the maximum adsorption capacity was 27.56 mg/L, 17.60 mg/L, and 3.06 mg/L with the Zn-Al LDH/GA, Zn-Fe LDH, and Fe Oxide, respectively. On tick larvae, the results of the freshly adsorbed DNC bioassay revealed larval mortality. This suggests that deltamethrin's acaricidal activity is still active. However, applying DNCs to tick larvae 48 hours after adsorption had no lethal effect, indicating that deltamethrin had lost its acaricidal activity. The latter result corroborated the results of the adsorption test's kinetic study. Furthermore, the comet assay revealed that commercial deltamethrin caused 28.51% DNA damage in tick cells, which was significantly higher than any DNC. In conclusion, the NPs used play an important role in deltamethrin decontamination in water, resulting in reduced public health risk. As a result, these NPs could be used as a method of environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed A. Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef, University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Rehab Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Wahba
- Parasitology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Hesham A. Mahran
- Health Informatics Department, College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Hygiene, Zoonoses and Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Shawky M. Aboelhadid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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14
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Huang R, Hu J, Qian W, Chen L, Zhang D. Recent advances in nanotherapeutics for the treatment of burn wounds. BURNS & TRAUMA 2021; 9:tkab026. [PMID: 34778468 PMCID: PMC8579746 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Moderate or severe burns are potentially devastating injuries that can even cause death, and many of them occur every year. Infection prevention, anti-inflammation, pain management and administration of growth factors play key roles in the treatment of burn wounds. Novel therapeutic strategies under development, such as nanotherapeutics, are promising prospects for burn wound treatment. Nanotherapeutics, including metallic and polymeric nanoformulations, have been extensively developed to manage various types of burns. Both human and animal studies have demonstrated that nanotherapeutics are biocompatible and effective in this application. Herein, we provide comprehensive knowledge of and an update on the progress of various nanoformulations for the treatment of burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of plastic surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dinglin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
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15
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Xu H, Xu X, Li S, Song WL, Yu DG, Annie Bligh SW. The Effect of Drug Heterogeneous Distributions within Core-Sheath Nanostructures on Its Sustained Release Profiles. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1330. [PMID: 34572545 PMCID: PMC8469915 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustained release of a water-soluble drug is always a key and important issue in pharmaceutics. In this study, using cellulose acetate (CA) as a biomacromolecular matrix, core-sheath nanofibers were developed for providing a sustained release of a model drug-metformin hydrochloride (MET). The core-sheath nanofibers were fabricated using modified tri-axial electrospinning, in which a detachable homemade spinneret was explored. A process-nanostructure-performance relationship was demonstrated through a series of characterizations. The prepared nanofibers F2 could release 95% of the loaded MET through a time period of 23.4 h and had no initial burst effect. The successful sustained release performances of MET can be attributed to the following factors: (1) the reasonable application of insoluble CA as the filament-forming carrier, which determined that the drug was released through a diffusion manner; (2) the core-sheath nanostructure provided the possibility of both encapsulating the drug completely and realizing the heterogeneous distributions of MET in the nanofibers with a higher drug load core than the sheath; (3) the thickness of the sheath sections were able to be exploited for further manipulating a better drug extended release performance. The mechanisms for manipulating the drug sustained release behaviors are proposed. The present proof-of-concept protocols can pave a new way to develop many novel biomolecule-based nanostructures for extending the release of water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (H.X.); (X.X.); (S.L.); (W.-L.S.)
| | - Xizi Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (H.X.); (X.X.); (S.L.); (W.-L.S.)
| | - Siyu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (H.X.); (X.X.); (S.L.); (W.-L.S.)
| | - Wen-Liang Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (H.X.); (X.X.); (S.L.); (W.-L.S.)
| | - Deng-Guang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (H.X.); (X.X.); (S.L.); (W.-L.S.)
- Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Medical Device Materials, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - S. W. Annie Bligh
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong 999077, China
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16
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Mahgoub SM, Shehata MR, Abo El-Ela FL, Farghali A, Zaher A, Mahmoud RK. Sustainable waste management and recycling of Zn–Al layered double hydroxide after adsorption of levofloxacin as a safe anti-inflammatory nanomaterial. RSC Adv 2020; 10:27633-27651. [PMID: 35516965 PMCID: PMC9055605 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04898d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic nano-layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials are used in the catalytic field, and have demonstrated great applicability in the pharmacological fields. In the current study, we report Zn–Al LDH as an adsorbent for levofloxacin (levo). The physical and chemical properties of the prepared material before and after adsorption were monitored using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurements, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for levo and its protonated species were studied at the B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) level of theory. The removal percentage of levo was 73.5%. The adsorption isotherm was investigated using nine different models at pH 9, where the obtained correlation coefficients (R2) using the Redlich–Peterson and Toth models were 0.977. The thermodynamic parameters ΔS°, ΔG° and ΔH° were estimated and discussed in detail. Also, to support the adsorption research field, the applicability of the formed waste after the adsorption of levo onto Zn–Al LDH was investigated for medical purposes. The toxicity of levo in both normal and nanocomposite form was studied. Neither toxicological symptoms nor harmless effects were exhibited throughout the in vivo study. The oral anti-inflammatory activity, tested using 6% formalin to produce edema in the footpad, was manifested as a significant increase of 37% in the anti-inflammatory effect of the Zn–Al LDH/levo nanocomposite compared to levo in its normal form. Zn-Al LDH was synthesized using the co-precipitation method, characterized and used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of levofloxacin. The safety and toxicity of the administered Zn-AL LDH/levo as a safe anti-inflammatory material.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar M. Mahgoub
- Department of Environmental Science and Industrial Development
- Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences
- Beni-Suef University
- 62511 Beni-Suef
- Egypt
| | | | - Fatma L. Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Beni-Suef University
- Beni-Suef
- Egypt
| | - Ahmed Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department
- Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences
- Beni-Suef University
- Egypt
| | - Amal Zaher
- Department of Environmental Science and Industrial Development
- Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences
- Beni-Suef University
- 62511 Beni-Suef
- Egypt
| | - Rehab K. Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beni-Suef University
- 62511 Beni-Suef
- Egypt
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