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Song W, Guo S, Li H. Size-dependent acidity of aqueous nano-aerosols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:23125-23135. [PMID: 39189057 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01752h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the accurate acidity of nano-aerosols is important for the research on atmospheric chemistry. Herein, we propose the contributions from both the aerosol size and multiphase buffer effect to the steady-state acidity of nano-aerosols at a constant aerosol water content (AWC) through molecular simulations. As increasing of the aerosol size, the solvation free energy (SFE, ΔGs) became more negative (decreasing by 3-130 kcal mol-1 for different types of species) and Henry's law constant (H) apparently increased (from e6 to e16 mol m-3 Pa-1) in the nano-aerosols compared to that in bulk solutions. The lower SFE led to lower solute pKa and pKb values; thus, the acidity of HSO4- and HNO3 and the alkalinity of NH3 showed positive relations with the aerosol size. The lower H also increased the pKa of gaseous solutes, leading to a decrease in the acidity of HNO3 and a shift from alkaline to acidic for the NH4+/NH3 buffer pair in the nano-aerosols. The present study revealed the relationship between aerosol acidity and solvent size from a microscopic perspective. Specifically, the acidity of aerosols containing HSO4-/SO42- and HNO3/NO3- decreased with an increase in their radii, whereas aerosols containing NH4+/NH3 exhibited an opposite trend. This phenomenon can be attributed to the disappearance of the interfacial effect with an increase in the size of the aerosols. The above conclusions are of great significance for studying the pH-dependent multi-phase chemical processes in aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanrong Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shaoxun Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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2
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Enami S, Numadate N, Hama T. Atmospheric Intermediates at the Air-Water Interface. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:5419-5434. [PMID: 38968003 PMCID: PMC11264275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The air-water interface (AWI) is a ubiquitous reaction field different from the bulk phase where unexpected reactions and physical processes often occur. The AWI is a region where air contacts cloud droplets, aerosol particles, the ocean surface, and biological surfaces such as fluids that line human epithelia. In Earth's atmosphere, short-lived intermediates are expected to be generated at the AWI during multiphase reactions. Recent experimental developments have enabled the direct detection of atmospherically relevant, short-lived intermediates at the AWI. For example, spray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of water microjets exposed to a gaseous mixture of ozone and water vapor combined with a 266 nm laser flash photolysis system (LFP-SIMS) has been used to directly probe organic peroxyl radicals (RO2·) produced by interfacial hydroxyl radicals (OH·) + organic compound reactions. OH· emitted immediately after the laser flash photolysis of carboxylic acid at the gas-liquid interface have been directly detected by time-resolved, laser-induced florescence techniques that can be used to study atmospheric multiphase photoreactions. In this Featured Article, we show some recent experimental advances in the detection of atmospherically important intermediates at the AWI and the associated reaction mechanisms. We also discuss current challenges and future prospects for atmospheric multiphase chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Naoki Numadate
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hama
- Komaba
Institute for Science and Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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3
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Gen M, Zheng H, Sun Y, Xu W, Ma N, Su H, Cheng Y, Wang S, Xing J, Zhang S, Xue L, Xue C, Mu Y, Tian X, Matsuki A, Song S. Rapid hydrolysis of NO 2 at High Ionic Strengths of Deliquesced Aerosol Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7904-7915. [PMID: 38661303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) hydrolysis in deliquesced aerosol particles forms nitrous acid and nitrate and thus impacts air quality, climate, and the nitrogen cycle. Traditionally, it is considered to proceed far too slowly in the atmosphere. However, the significance of this process is highly uncertain because kinetic studies have only been made in dilute aqueous solutions but not under high ionic strength conditions of the aerosol particles. Here, we use laboratory experiments, air quality models, and field measurements to examine the effect of the ionic strength on the reaction kinetics of NO2 hydrolysis. We find that high ionic strengths (I) enhance the reaction rate constants (kI) by more than an order of magnitude compared to that at infinite dilution (kI=0), yielding log10(kI/kI=0) = 0.04I or rate enhancement factor = 100.04I. A state-of-the-art air quality model shows that the enhanced NO2 hydrolysis reduces the negative bias in the simulated concentrations of nitrous acid by 28% on average when compared to field observations over the North China Plain. Rapid NO2 hydrolysis also enhances the levels of nitrous acid in other polluted regions such as North India and further promotes atmospheric oxidation capacity. This study highlights the need to evaluate various reaction kinetics of atmospheric aerosols with high ionic strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Gen
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Haotian Zheng
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wanyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition and Environmental Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research (ECI), Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Hang Su
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Yafang Cheng
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia Xing
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chaoyang Xue
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), CNRS - Université Orléans - CNES, Orléans Cedex 2 45071, France
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiao Tian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Atsushi Matsuki
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shaojie Song
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Harvard-China on Energy, Economy, and Environment, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Brown EK, Rovelli G, Wilson KR. pH jump kinetics in colliding microdroplets: accelerated synthesis of azamonardine from dopamine and resorcinol. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6430-6442. [PMID: 37325131 PMCID: PMC10266468 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01576a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies report the dramatic acceleration of chemical reactions in micron-sized compartments. In the majority of these studies the exact acceleration mechanism is unknown but the droplet interface is thought to play a significant role. Dopamine reacts with resorcinol to form a fluorescent product azamonardine and is used as a model system to examine how droplet interfaces accelerate reaction kinetics. The reaction is initiated by colliding two droplets levitated in a branched quadrupole trap, which allows the reaction to be observed in individual droplets where the size, concentration, and charge are carefully controlled. The collision of two droplets produces a pH jump and the reaction kinetics are quantified optically and in situ by measuring the formation of azamonardine. The reaction was observed to occur 1.5 to 7.4 times faster in 9-35 micron droplets compared to the same reaction conducted in a macroscale container. A kinetic model of the experimental results suggests that the acceleration mechanism arises from both the more rapid diffusion of oxygen into the droplet, as well as increased reagent concentrations at the air-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA +1 510-495-2474
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Grazia Rovelli
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA +1 510-495-2474
| | - Kevin R Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA +1 510-495-2474
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Li J, Chang Y. Ozone oxidation of cysteine in optically trapped aqueous micro‐droplets. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202300050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Rafferty A, Vennes B, Bain A, Preston TC. Optical trapping and light scattering in atmospheric aerosol science. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7066-7089. [PMID: 36852581 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05301b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol particles are ubiquitous in the atmosphere, and currently contribute a large uncertainty to climate models. Part of the endeavour to reduce this uncertainty takes the form of improving our understanding of aerosol at the microphysical level, thus enabling chemical and physical processes to be more accurately represented in larger scale models. In addition to modeling efforts, there is a need to develop new instruments and methodologies to interrogate the physicochemical properties of aerosol. This perspective presents the development, theory, and application of optical trapping, a powerful tool for single particle investigations of aerosol. After providing an overview of the role of aerosol in Earth's atmosphere and the microphysics of these particles, we present a brief history of optical trapping and a more detailed look at its application to aerosol particles. We also compare optical trapping to other single particle techniques. Understanding the interaction of light with single particles is essential for interpreting experimental measurements. In the final part of this perspective, we provide the relevant formalism for understanding both elastic and inelastic light scattering for single particles. The developments discussed here go beyond Mie theory and include both how particle and beam shape affect spectra. Throughout the entirety of this work, we highlight numerous references and examples, mostly from the last decade, of the application of optical trapping to systems that are relevant to the atmospheric aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Vennes
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Alison Bain
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Thomas C Preston
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Jamal R, Narayan S, Dubey R, Kannaujia R, Rai R, Behera SK, Behera SK, Shirke PA, Pandey V, Barik SK. Response of tropical trees to elevated Ozone: a Free Air Ozone Enrichment study. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:238. [PMID: 36574061 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) has become one of the main urban air pollutants. In the present study, we assessed impact of ambient and future ground-level O3 on nine commonly growing urban tree species under Free Air Ozone Enrichment (FAOE) condition. During the study period, mean ambient and elevated ozone (EO3) concentrations were 48.59 and 69.62 ppb, respectively. Under EO3 treatment, stomatal density (SD) significantly decreased and guard cell length (GCL) increased in Azadirachta indica, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Plumeria rubra, Saraca asoca and Tabernaemontana divaricata, while SD increased and GCL decreased in Ficus benghalensis and Terminalia arjuna. Proline levels increased in all the nine plant species under EO3 condition. EO3 significantly reduced photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rates (E). Only A. indica and N. indicum showed higher gs and E under EO3 treatment. Water use efficiency (WUE) significantly increased in F. benghalensis and decreased in A. indica and T. divaricata. Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) significantly increased in Ficus religiosa and S. asoca whereas it decreased in B. spectabilis and A. indica. Of all the plant species B. spectabilis and A. indica were the most sensitive to EO3 (high gs and less ascorbic acid content) while S. asoca and F. religiosa were the most tolerant (lowgs and more ascorbic acid content). The sensitivity of urban tree species to EO3 is a cause of concern and should be considered for future urban forestry programmes. Our study should guide more such studies to identify tolerant trees for urban air pollution abatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushna Jamal
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Sciences Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Uttar Pradesh, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, India, 201 002
| | - Shiv Narayan
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Sciences Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Uttar Pradesh, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, India, 201 002
| | - Raghvendra Dubey
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Sciences Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Uttar Pradesh, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Rekha Kannaujia
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Sciences Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Uttar Pradesh, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Richa Rai
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Sciences Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Uttar Pradesh, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | | | - Soumit K Behera
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Sciences Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Uttar Pradesh, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, India, 201 002
| | - Pramod A Shirke
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Sciences Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Uttar Pradesh, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, India, 201 002
| | - Vivek Pandey
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Sciences Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Uttar Pradesh, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, India, 201 002.
| | - Saroj K Barik
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Sciences Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Uttar Pradesh, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
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8
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Wilson KR, Prophet AM, Willis MD. A Kinetic Model for Predicting Trace Gas Uptake and Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7291-7308. [PMID: 36170058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A model is developed to describe trace gas uptake and reaction with applications to aerosols and microdroplets. Gas uptake by the liquid is formulated as a coupled equilibria that links gas, surface, and bulk regions of the droplet or solution. Previously, this framework was used in explicit stochastic reaction-diffusion simulations to predict the reactive uptake kinetics of ozone with droplets containing aqueous aconitic acid, maleic acid, and sodium nitrite. With the use of prior data and simulation results, a new equation for the uptake coefficient is derived, which accounts for both surface and bulk reactions. Lambert W functions are used to obtain closed form solutions to the integrated rate laws for the multiphase kinetics; similar to previous expressions that describe Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics. Together these equations couple interface and bulk processes over a wide range of conditions and do not require many of the limiting assumptions needed to apply resistor model formulations to explain trace gas uptake and reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexander M Prophet
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Megan D Willis
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 United States
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Chang YP, Devi Y, Chen CH. Micro-droplet Trapping and Manipulation: Understanding Aerosol Better for a Healthier Environment. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1644-1660. [PMID: 33999498 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the physicochemical properties and heterogeneous processes of aerosols is key not only to elucidate the impacts of aerosols on the atmosphere and humans but also to exploit their further applications, especially for a healthier environment. Experiments that allow for spatially control of single aerosol particles and investigations on the fundamental properties and heterogeneous chemistry at the single-particle level have flourished during the last few decades, and significant breakthroughs in recent years promise better control and novel applications aimed at resolving key issues in aerosol science. Here we propose graphene oxide (GO) aerosols as prototype aerosols containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and GO can behave as two-dimensional surfactants which could modify the interfacial properties of aerosols. We describe the techniques of trapping single particles and furthermore the current status of the optical spectroscopy and chemistry of GO. The current applications of these single-particle trapping techniques are summarized and interesting future applications of GO aerosols are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Pin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.,Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yanita Devi
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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