1
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Han Y, Fan G, Han Y, Huang X, Wang W, Luo X, Zhang Y, Han L. Suppression of coffee rings by controllable nanoparticle enrichment through superhydrophobicity-enabled dynamic evaporation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 673:735-745. [PMID: 38901363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Coffee rings formed by evaporation of analyte-containing droplets are widely observed in micropatterning, bio-arrays, and trace detection. The coffee-ring effect caused by contact line pinning significantly affects the detection uniformity and sensitivity. Here, we propose a simple and operable method to effectively suppress coffee rings through controllable nanoparticles aggregation by superhydrophobicity-enabled dynamic evaporation. The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) deposition footprint formed after dynamic evaporation on an integrated superhydrophobic surface was reduced by ∼3 orders of magnitude compared to that of non-interventional evaporation. Detailed experiments, numerical simulations, and theoretical studies have revealed that substrate wettability, temperature and droplet motion behaviors play significant roles in suppressing coffee-ring effect. More critically, based on the force mechanism of AuNPs at the interface/contact line, universal mathematical models and regime maps were established to classify the different deposition modes for AuNPs under different evaporation conditions by introducing dimensionless parameter G, revealing the enrichment mechanism of AuNPs in droplets under superhydrophobicity-enabled dynamic evaporation. The accuracy of the theoretical model and enrichment mechanism was demonstrated through the single-molecule detection of rhodamine 6G with excellent sensitivity (10-17 M, enhancement factor ∼1013) and perfect uniformity (relative standard deviation ∼5.57 %), which provides a valuable guide for research and applications of nanoparticle aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunrui Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Guangpeng Fan
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yingkuan Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Xiaoming Luo
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, No. 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao Shandong 266580, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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2
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Xiao H, Yu Z, Liang J, Ding L, Zhu J, Wang Y, Chen S, Xin JH. Wetting Behavior-Induced Interfacial transmission of Energy and Signal: Materials, Mechanisms, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2407856. [PMID: 39032113 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Wetting behaviors can significantly affect the transport of energy and signal (E&S) through vapor, solid, and liquid interfaces, which has prompted increased interest in interfacial science and technology. E&S transmission can be achieved using electricity, light, and heat, which often accompany and interact with each other. Over the past decade, their distinctive transport phenomena during wetting processes have made significant contributions to various domains. However, few studies have analyzed the intricate relationship between wetting behavior and E&S transport. This review summarizes and discusses the mechanisms of electrical, light, and heat transmission at wetting interfaces to elucidate their respective scientific issues, technical characteristics, challenges, commonalities, and potential for technological convergence. The materials, structures, and devices involved in E&S transportation are also analyzed. Particularly, harnessing synergistic advantages in practical applications and constructing advanced, multifunctional, and highly efficient smart systems based on wetted interfaces is the aim to provide strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zilin Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiechang Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lei Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jingshuai Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yuanfeng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - John H Xin
- Research Centre of Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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3
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Chen KT, Wu YP, Huang YF, Hsu CC, Shieh J. Repulsion, Acceleration, and Coalescence between Water Droplets on Superhydrophobic Glass by Triboelectrification. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13219-13226. [PMID: 38865155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Manipulating the motion of water droplets on surfaces, which is crucial for various applications, such as microfluidics and heat transfer, presents considerable challenges, primarily due to the significant influence of capillary forces. This effect becomes more pronounced when droplets are in close proximity, often resulting in undesired coalescence. Triboelectrification, which involves charging pure water droplets, is a promising approach to enhance the ability to manipulate water droplets. For effective triboelectrification, charges must accumulate within the droplets; this ensures efficient and sustained droplet manipulation while minimizing dissipation. Low-friction, superhydrophobic, insulating surfaces are ideal for this purpose. However, few studies have explored the application of insulating superhydrophobic surfaces to manipulate droplet motion. In this study, we investigated the behavior of water droplets on insulating superhydrophobic quartz surfaces after triboelectrification. The droplets acquired significant charge when dripped onto a superhydrophobic glass surface. Consequently, these charged droplets exhibited behaviors such as repulsion and acceleration from one another, uphill movement, and rapid long-distance transport to specific positions. These advancements in droplet manipulation techniques hold promise for diverse fields such as microfluidics and heat exchangers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Ting Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
| | - Yu Ping Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
| | - Yu Fang Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
| | - Chin Chi Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
| | - Jiann Shieh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
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4
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Barrio-Zhang H, Ruiz-Gutiérrez É, Orejon D, Wells GG, Ledesma-Aguilar R. Droplet motion driven by humidity gradients during evaporation and condensation. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2024; 47:32. [PMID: 38735905 PMCID: PMC11089009 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-024-00426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The motion of droplets on solid surfaces in response to an external gradient is a fundamental problem with a broad range of applications, including water harvesting, heat exchange, mixing and printing. Here we study the motion of droplets driven by a humidity gradient, i.e. a variation in concentration of their own vapour in the surrounding gas phase. Using lattice-Boltzmann simulations of a diffuse-interface hydrodynamic model to account for the liquid and gas phases, we demonstrate that the droplet migrates towards the region of higher vapour concentration. This effect holds in situations where the ambient gradient drives either the evaporation or the condensation of the droplet, or both simultaneously. We identify two main mechanisms responsible for the observed motion: a difference in surface wettability, which we measure in terms of the Young stress, and a variation in surface tension, which drives a Marangoni flow. Our results are relevant in advancing our knowledge of the interplay between gas and liquid phases out of thermodynamic equilibrium, as well as for applications involving the control of droplet motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Barrio-Zhang
- Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK.
| | - Élfego Ruiz-Gutiérrez
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Daniel Orejon
- Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Gary G Wells
- Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Aguilar
- Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK
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5
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Han X, Jin R, Sun Y, Han K, Che P, Wang X, Guo P, Tan S, Sun X, Dai H, Dong Z, Heng L, Jiang L. Infinite Self-Propulsion of Circularly On/Discharged Droplets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311729. [PMID: 38282097 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Self-propulsion of droplets in a controlled and long path at a high-speed is crucial for organic synthesis, pathological diagnosis and programable lab-on-a-chip. To date, extensive efforts have been made to achieve droplet self-propulsion by asymmetric gradient, yet, existing structural, chemical, or charge density gradients can only last for a while (<50 mm). Here, this work designs a symmetrical waved alternating potential (WAP) on a superhydrophobic surface to charge or discharge the droplets during the transport process. By deeply studying the motion mechanisms for neutral droplets and charged droplets, the circularly on/discharged droplets achieve the infinite self-propulsion (>1000 mm) with an ultrahigh velocity of meters per second. In addition, after permutation and combination of two motion styles of the droplets, it can be competent for more interesting work, such as liquid diode and liquid logic gate. Being assembled into a microfluidic chip, the strategy would be applied in chemical synthesis, cell culture, and diagnostic kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Rongyu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Keyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Pengda Che
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Pu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shengda Tan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Haoyu Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhichao Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liping Heng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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6
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Liu M, Hua J, Du X. Smart materials for light control of droplets. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38624048 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05593k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Droplet manipulation plays a critical role in both fundamental research and practical applications, especially when combined with smart materials and external fields to achieve multifunctional droplet manipulation. Light control of droplets has emerged as a significant and widely used strategy, driven primarily by photochemistry, photomechanics, light-induced Marangoni effects, and light-induced electric effects. This approach allowing for droplet manipulation with high spatial and temporal resolution, all while maintaining a remote and non-contact mode of operation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying light control of droplets, the design of smart materials for this purpose, and the diverse range of applications enabled by this technique. These applications include merging, splitting, releasing, forwarding, backward movement, and rotation of droplets, as well as chemical reactions, droplet robots, and microfluidics. By presenting this information, we aim to establish a unified framework that guides the sustainable development of light control of droplets. Additionally, this review addresses the challenges associated with light control of droplets and suggests potential directions for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijin Liu
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jiachuan Hua
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xuemin Du
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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7
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Zhong L, Chen H, Zhu L, Zhou M, Zhang L, Yu D, Wang S, Han X, Hou Y, Zheng Y. Gradient-Janus Wires for Simultaneous Fogwater Harvesting and Electricity Generation. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10279-10287. [PMID: 38557047 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A Gradient-Janus wire (GJW) with a diameter of 0.3 mm has been fabricated on a large scale through liquid confined modification, enabling the opposite conical wetting phenomenon along the same orientation of the GJW, characterized by an increasing superhydrophilic region and a decreasing hydrophobic region. This property allows the GJW to exhibit controllable water hovering, transport, and pinning during fog harvesting, i.e., at a large tilting angle α of 60° (mass increased with decreased α), the GJW can hover 0.6 mg of harvested fogwater in 30 s, can transport 3 mg of fogwater along the gradient in 30 s at α = 4° (with maximal mass reaching up to 4.3 mg at α = -10°), and finally, pin the water droplet at the end of the GJW. Such ability generates an effective torque that serves as the driving force for rotation. We designed a GJWs-wheel by radially arranging 60 GJWs together, resulting in an extremely lightweight structure weighing only 1.9 g. The cumulative torque generated during fog harvesting activates the rotation of the GJWs-wheel. When loaded with a coil within a magnetic field, electricity is generated as output power peaks at around 0.25 μW while maintaining a high water harvesting efficiency averaging approximately 38 ± 2.12 mg/min. This finding is significant as it provides valuable insights into designing materials capable of efficiently harnessing both energy and water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieshuang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lingmei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Maolin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yongping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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8
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Wang X, Zhuang Z, Li X, Yao X. Droplet Manipulation on Bioinspired Slippery Surfaces: From Design Principle to Biomedical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300253. [PMID: 37246251 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Droplet manipulation with high efficiency, high flexibility, and programmability, is essential for various applications in biomedical sciences and engineering. Bioinspired liquid-infused slippery surfaces (LIS), with exceptional interfacial properties, have led to expanding research for droplet manipulation. In this review, an overview of actuation principles is presented to illustrate how materials or systems can be designed for droplet manipulation on LIS. Recent progress on new manipulation methods on LIS is also summarized and their prospective applications in anti-biofouling and pathogen control, biosensing, and the development of digital microfluidics are presented. Finally, an outlook is made on the key challenges and opportunities for droplet manipulation on LIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Zhuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518075, P. R. China
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9
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Norikane Y, Ohnuma M, Kwaria D, Kikkawa Y, Ohzono T, Mizokuro T, Abe K, Manabe K, Saito K. Photo-controllable azobenzene microdroplets on an open surface and their application as transporters. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1495-1501. [PMID: 38226904 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01774e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The control of droplet motion is a significant challenge, as there has been no simple method for effective manipulation. Utilizing light for the control of droplets offers a promising solution due to its non-contact nature and high degree of controllability. In this study, we present our findings on the translational motion of pre-photomelted droplets composed of azobenzene derivatives on a glass surface when exposed to UV and visible light sources from different directions. These droplets exhibited directional and continuous motion upon light irradiation and this motion was size-dependent. Only droplets with diameters less than 10 μm moved with a maximum velocity of 300 μm min-1. In addition, the direction of the movement was controllable by the direction of the light. The motion is driven by a change in contact angle, where UV or visible light switched the contact angle to approximately 50° or 35°, respectively. In addition, these droplets were also found to be capable carriers for fluorescent quantum dots. As such, droplets composed of photoresponsive molecules offer unique opportunities for designing novel light-driven open-surface microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Norikane
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Mio Ohnuma
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Dennis Kwaria
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Takuya Ohzono
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Toshiko Mizokuro
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Koji Abe
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Kengo Manabe
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Saito
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
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10
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Nomoto T, Kimura H, Chiari L, Toyota T, Fujinami M. Flow-Driven Self-Propulsion of Oil Droplet on a Surfactant Solution Surface, as Observed by Time-Resolved Interfacial Tension and Surface Flow Speed Measurements. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4468-4474. [PMID: 38363648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The imbalanced force of the interfacial tension applied to an object has often been taken into account in the analysis of the motion mechanism of self-propelled systems. However, heterogeneous distributions of the interfacial tension also cause Marangoni flows, and these flows also contribute to the self-propulsion through the viscous force. The contribution of such flows has not been observed directly, while the interfacial tension difference has been measured in some systems. In this study, simultaneous measurements of the interfacial tension and surface flow speed of the unidirectional self-propelled motion of a butyl salicylate (BS) droplet in a circular channel on a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) aqueous solution were achieved by the quasi-elastic laser scattering method. The droplet position was also recorded by observing its fluorescence excited by a UV light. The BS droplet speed dependence of the interfacial tension and surface flow speed were measured by varying the initial BS concentration codissolved in the SDS aqueous solution. As a result, a periodic decrease of the interfacial tension and a periodic increase of the speed of both forward and backward flows were observed when the droplet passed the sampling position of the time-resolved measurements. When they were converted to the distribution in space of the droplet position, no droplet speed dependence of the interfacial tension difference between the front and rear of the droplet was observed. On the other hand, the speed of both forward and backward flows increased as the droplet speed increased. By analysis of the above results with a simplified model, it was clarified that the forward flow driven by the interfacial tension gradient at the droplet front is actually important in the mechanism of the unidirectional self-propelled motion of a droplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Nomoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Haruki Kimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Luca Chiari
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Taro Toyota
- Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Masanori Fujinami
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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11
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Cheng G, Kuan CY, Lou KW, Ho YP. Light-Responsive Materials in Droplet Manipulation for Biochemical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2313935. [PMID: 38379512 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Miniaturized droplets, characterized by well-controlled microenvironments and capability for parallel processing, have significantly advanced the studies on enzymatic evolution, molecular diagnostics, and single-cell analysis. However, manipulation of small-sized droplets, including moving, merging, and trapping of the targeted droplets for complex biochemical assays and subsequent analysis, is not trivial and remains technically demanding. Among various techniques, light-driven methods stand out as a promising candidate for droplet manipulation in a facile and flexible manner, given the features of contactless interaction, high spatiotemporal resolution, and biocompatibility. This review therefore compiles an in-depth discussion of the governing mechanisms underpinning light-driven droplet manipulation. Besides, light-responsive materials, representing the core of light-matter interaction and the key character converting light into different forms of energy, are particularly assessed in this review. Recent advancements in light-responsive materials and the most notable applications are comprehensively archived and evaluated. Continuous innovations and rational engineering of light-responsive materials are expected to propel the development of light-driven droplet manipulation, equip droplets with enhanced functionality, and broaden the applications of droplets for biochemical studies and routine biochemical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Chit Yau Kuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Kuan Wen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Centre for Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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12
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Cui Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Liu B, Chen Y, Wu H, Zhang Y, Cheng Z, Li G, Yong J, Li J, Wu D, Chu J, Hu Y. Durable Janus membrane with on-demand mode switching fabricated by femtosecond laser. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1443. [PMID: 38365791 PMCID: PMC10873403 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite their notable unidirectional water transport capabilities, Janus membranes are commonly challenged by the fragility of their chemical coatings and the clogging of open microchannels. Here, an on-demand mode-switching strategy is presented to consider the Janus functionality and mechanical durability separately and implement them by simply stretching and releasing the membrane. The stretching Janus mode facilitates unidirectional liquid flow through the hydrophilic micropores-microgrooves channels (PG channels) fabricated by femtosecond laser. The releasing protection mode is designed for the in-situ closure of the PG channels upon encountering external abrasion and impact. The protection mode imparts the Janus membrane robustness to reserve water unidirectional penetration under harsh conditions, such as 2000 cycles mechanical abrasion, 10 days exposure in air and other rigorous tests (sandpaper abrasion, finger rubbing, sand impact and tape peeling). The underlying mechanism of gridded grooves in protecting and enhancing water flow is unveiled. The Janus membrane serves as a fog collector to demonstrate its unwavering mechanical durability in harsh real-world conditions. The presented design strategy could open up new possibilities of Janus membrane in a multitude of applications ranging from multiphase separation devices to fog harvesting and wearable health-monitoring patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehang Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Yachao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Bingrui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yiyu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Hao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Zilong Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Jiale Yong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Dong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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13
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Cremaschini S, Cattelan A, Ferraro D, Filippi D, Marinello F, Meggiolaro A, Pierno M, Sada C, Zaltron A, Umari P, Mistura G. Trifurcated Splitting of Water Droplets on Engineered Lithium Niobate Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:4271-4282. [PMID: 38194671 PMCID: PMC10811617 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Controlled splitting of liquid droplets is a key function in many microfluidic applications. In recent years, various methodologies have been used to accomplish this task. Here, we present an optofluidic technique based on an engineered surface formed by coating a z-cut iron-doped lithium niobate crystal with a lubricant-infused layer, which provides a very slippery surface. Illuminating the crystal with a light spot induces surface charges of opposite signs on the two crystal faces because of the photovoltaic effect. If the light spot is sufficiently intense, millimetric water droplets placed near the illuminated spot split into two charged fragments, one fragment being trapped by the bright spot and the other moving away from it. The latter fragment does not move randomly but rather follows one of three well-defined trajectories separated by 120°, which reflect the anisotropic crystalline structure of Fe:LiNbO3. Numerical simulations explain the behavior of water droplets in the framework of the forces induced by the interplay of pyroelectric, piezoelectric, and photovoltaic effects, which originate simultaneously inside the illuminated crystal. Such a synergetic effect can provide a valuable feature in applications that require splitting and coalescence of droplets, such as chemical microreactors and biological encapsulation and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Cremaschini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e
Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università
di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Cattelan
- Dipartimento di Fisica e
Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università
di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Ferraro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e
Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università
di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Filippi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e
Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università
di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Marinello
- Dipartimento di Fisica e
Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università
di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Meggiolaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e
Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università
di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Pierno
- Dipartimento di Fisica e
Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università
di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cinzia Sada
- Dipartimento di Fisica e
Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università
di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Annamaria Zaltron
- Dipartimento di Fisica e
Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università
di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Umari
- Dipartimento di Fisica e
Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università
di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Mistura
- Dipartimento di Fisica e
Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università
di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
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14
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Lu JY, Guo Z, Huang WT, Bao M, He B, Li G, Lei J, Li Y. Peptide-graphene logic sensing system for dual-mode detection of exosomes, molecular information processing and protection. Talanta 2024; 267:125261. [PMID: 37801930 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Peptides with highly sequence-dependent recognition, assembly, and encoding abilities can perform functions similar to DNA or even better, such as biosensing, molecular information processing, coding, or storage. However, the combination of versatile peptides and 2D materials are rarely used for multipurpose integrated applications, including biosensing, information processing and security. Herein, peptide-graphene sensing system was comprehensively used for dual-signal sensing of tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs), logic computing, and information protection. The system used fluorescent-labeled CD63-binding peptide CP05 and graphene oxide (GO) to selectively detect CD63 and TDEs by fluorescence and resonance light scattering. From three levels such as matter, energy, and information analysis, the matter and energy changes in GO-CP05 peptide sensing system were transformed into valuable information, which achieve the dual-mode quantitative detection of TDEs and its marker CD63, and the actual serum analysis. This matter-energy interaction network was also informationized, and utilized for parallel and batch logic computing, two kinds of molecular crypto-steganography (based on peptide sequence and Boolean logic relationships), which facilitates development of intelligent sensing and advanced information technology. This work not only provides a new method for sensitive detection of important disease markers, but also provides ideas for integrating molecular sensing and informatization to open molecular digitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yang Lu
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, "the 14th Five-Year Plan" Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Clinical Medicine), Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, PR China; Wuzhou Medical College, Wuzhou, 543100, PR China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, "the 14th Five-Year Plan" Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Clinical Medicine), Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, PR China
| | - Wei Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Meihua Bao
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, "the 14th Five-Year Plan" Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Clinical Medicine), Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, PR China
| | - Binsheng He
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, "the 14th Five-Year Plan" Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Clinical Medicine), Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, PR China
| | - Guangyi Li
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, "the 14th Five-Year Plan" Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Clinical Medicine), Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, PR China
| | - Jieni Lei
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, "the 14th Five-Year Plan" Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Clinical Medicine), Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, PR China
| | - Yaqian Li
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, "the 14th Five-Year Plan" Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Clinical Medicine), Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, PR China.
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15
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Liao J, Lin X, Chen B, Yang M, Liu W, Cao Y, Zhou J, Zhong J. Engineering an Almost All-Waterborne System for Transparent yet Superhydrophobic Surfaces with High Liquid Impalement Resistance. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:187-194. [PMID: 38088862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Realistically, green manufacturing of transparent superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) and high liquid impalement resistance for outdoor engineering are very necessary but pretty challenging. To address this, an almost all-waterborne system composed of synthesized partially open-cage fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane bearing a pair of -OH (poc-FPOSS-2OH), silica sol, and resin precursor is engineered. The transparent SHSs facilely formed by this system are featured with the exclusive presence of wrapped silica nanoparticle (SiNP) dendritic networks at solid-gas interfaces. The wrapped SiNP dendritic networks have a small aggregation size and low distribution depth, making SHSs highly transparent. The Si-O polymeric wrappers render mechanical flexibility to SiNP dendritic networks and thus enable transparent SHSs to resist high-speed water jet impinging with a Weber number of ≥19 800 in conjunction with the extremely low-surface-energy poc-FPOSS-2OH, which is the highest liquid impalement resistance so far among waterborne SHSs, and can rival the state-of-the-art solventborne SHSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liao
- Interdisciplinary Plasma Engineering Centre, Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xilin Lin
- Interdisciplinary Plasma Engineering Centre, Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Boxu Chen
- Interdisciplinary Plasma Engineering Centre, Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Mingjin Yang
- Interdisciplinary Plasma Engineering Centre, Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yingfan Cao
- Interdisciplinary Plasma Engineering Centre, Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Junli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institution, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinyi Zhong
- Interdisciplinary Plasma Engineering Centre, Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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16
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Wang J, Du L, Han Y, Zhang D, Jing D. Advancing in situ single-cell microbiological analysis through a microwell droplet array with a gradual open sidewall. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:5165-5172. [PMID: 37960941 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00590a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of microfluidic analysis technology has resulted in the advancement of fast pathogenic bacteria detection, which can accurately provide information on biochemical reactions in a single cell and enhance detection efficiency. Nevertheless, the achievement of rapid and effective in situ detection of single-bacteria arrays remains a challenge due to the complexity of bacterial populations and low Reynolds coefficient fluid, resulting in insufficient diffusion. We develop microwell droplet array chips from the lateral hydrodynamic wetting approach to address this issue. The sidewall of the microwell gradually opens which aids in advancing the liquid-air interface and facilitates the impregnation of the solid microwells, preserving the Wenzel state and assisting in resisting the liquid force to separation from the drop. The feasibility of preparing cell arrays and identifying them inside the microwells was demonstrated through the simulated streamlined distribution of gradual and traditional microwells with different sizes. The water-based ink diffusion experiment examined the relationship between diffusion efficiency and flow velocity, as well as the position of the microwell relative to the channel. It showed that the smaller gradual microwell still has a good diffusion efficiency rate at a flow velocity of 2.1 μL min-1 and that the infiltration state is easier to adjust. With this platform, we successfully isolated a mixed population containing E. coli and S. aureus, obtained single-bacteria arrays, and performed Gram assays after in situ propagation. After 20 hours of culture, single bacteria reproduced demonstrating the capability of this platform to isolate, cultivate, and detect pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, 200093.
| | - Lin Du
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, 200093.
| | - Yuwei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, 200093.
| | - Dalei Jing
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, 200093.
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17
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Hou L, Liu X, Ge X, Hu R, Cui Z, Wang N, Zhao Y. Designing of anisotropic gradient surfaces for directional liquid transport: Fundamentals, construction, and applications. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100508. [PMID: 37753526 PMCID: PMC10518492 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many biological surfaces are capable of transporting liquids in a directional manner without energy consumption. Inspired by nature, constructing asymmetric gradient surfaces to achieve desired droplet transport, such as a liquid diode, brings an incredibly valuable and promising area of research with a wide range of applications. Enabled by advances in nanotechnology and manufacturing techniques, biomimetics has emerged as a promising avenue for engineering various types of anisotropic material system. Over the past few decades, this approach has yielded significant progress in both fundamental understanding and practical applications. Theoretical studies revealed that the heterogeneous composition and topography mainly govern the wetting mechanisms and dynamics behavior of droplets, including the interdisciplinary aspects of materials, chemistry, and physics. In this review, we provide a concise overview of various biological surfaces that exhibit anisotropic droplet transport. We discussed the theoretical foundations and mechanisms of droplet motion on designed surfaces and reviewed recent research advances in droplet directional transport on designed plane surfaces and Janus membranes. Such liquid-diode materials yield diverse promising applications, involving droplet collection, liquid separation and delivery, functional textiles, and biomedical applications. We also discuss the recent challenges and ongoing approaches to enhance the functionality and application performance of anisotropic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineer, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinran Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rongjun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Zhimin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nü Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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18
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Frank B, Antonietti M, Giusto P, Zeininger L. Photocharging of Carbon Nitride Thin Films for Controllable Manipulation of Droplet Force Gradient Sensors. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145. [PMID: 37934048 PMCID: PMC10655103 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Intentional generation, amplification, and discharging of chemical gradients is central to many nano- and micromanipulative technologies. We describe a straightforward strategy to direct chemical gradients inside a solution via local photoelectric surface charging of organic semiconducting thin films. We observed that the irradiation of carbon nitride thin films with ultraviolet light generates local and sustained surface charges in illuminated regions, inducing chemical gradients in adjacent solutions via charge-selective immobilization of surfactants onto the substrate. We studied these gradients using droplet force gradient sensors, complex emulsions with simultaneous and independent responsive modalities to transduce information on transient gradients in temperature, chemistry, and concentration via tilting, morphological reconfiguration, and chemotaxis. Fine control over the interaction between local, photoelectrically patterned, semiconducting carbon nitride thin films and their environment yields a new method to design chemomechanically responsive materials, potentially applicable to micromanipulative technologies including microfluidics, lab-on-a-chip devices, soft robotics, biochemical assays, and the sorting of colloids and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley
D. Frank
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paolo Giusto
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lukas Zeininger
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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19
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Zhang K, Xiang W, Liu J, Xie Z. Flexible droplet transportation and coalescence via controllable thermal fields. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1277:341669. [PMID: 37604623 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Flexible droplet transportation and coalescence are significant for lots of applications such as material synthesis and analytical detection. Herein, we present an effective method for controllable droplet transportation and coalescence via thermal fields. The device used for droplet manipulation is composed of a glass substrate with indium tin oxide-made microheaers and a microchannel with two transport branches and a central chamber, and it's manipulated by sequentially powering the microheaters located at the bottom of microchannel. The fluid will be unevenly heated when the microheater is actuated, leading to the formation of thermal buoyancy convection and the decrease of interfacial tension of fluids. Subsequently, the microdroplets can be transported from the inlets of microchannel to the target position by the buoyancy flow-induced Stokes drag. And the droplet migration velocity can be flexibly adjusted by changing the voltage applied on the microheater. After being transported to the center of central chamber, the coalescence behaviors of microdroplets can be triggered if the microheater located at the bottom of central chamber is continuously actuated. The droplet coalescence is the combined effect of decreased fluid interfacial tension, the shortened droplet distance by buoyancy flow and the increased instability of droplet under the elevated temperature. The droplet coalescence efficiency is also related to the voltage of microheater, by increasing the voltage from 3.5 V to 7 V, the needed time for droplet coalescence dramatically decrease from 220s to 1.4 s. Finally, by the droplet coalescence-triggered calcium hydroxide precipitation reaction, we demonstrate the applicability of the droplet manipulation method on specific sample detection. Therefore, this approach used for droplet transportation and coalescence can be attractive for many droplet-based applications such as analytical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailiang Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Wei Xiang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Jiuqing Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Zhijie Xie
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150001, PR China.
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20
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Li W, Li D, Zhu X, Ye D, Yang Y, Wang H, Chen R, Liao Q. Light-manipulated binary droplet transport on a high-energy surface. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4287-4301. [PMID: 37682034 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00582h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and precise manipulation of droplet transport is of significance for scientific and engineering applications, but real-time and on-demand droplet manipulation remains a challenge. Herein, we report a strategy using light for the outstanding manipulation of binary droplet motion on a high-energy surface and reveal the underlying mechanism. Upon irradiation to a substrate by a focused light beam, the substrate can provide a localized heating source via photothermal conversion, and a binary droplet can be flexibly transported on a high-energy surface with free contact-line pinning, exhibiting light-propelled droplet transport. We theoretically showed that the surface tension gradient across the droplet interface resulting from the localized photothermal effect is responsible for actuating droplet transport. Remarkably, the high reconfigurability and flexibility of light allowed for binary droplet transport with dynamically tunable velocity and direction as well as arbitrary trajectory assisted by 2D channels on a high-energy surface. Complex droplet transportation, controllable droplet coalescence, and anti-gravity motion were realized. The promising applicability of this light-fueled droplet platform was also demonstrated by directional transport of biosample droplets containing DNA molecules and cells, as well as successional microreactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Dingding Ye
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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21
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Liu Y, Liu X, Zhang Z, Lu J, Wang Y, Xu K, Zhu H, Wang B, Lin L, Xue W. Experimental and fluid flow simulation studies of laser-electrochemical hybrid manufacturing of micro-nano symbiotic superamphiphobic surfaces. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114702. [PMID: 37712795 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro-nano symbiotic superamphiphobic surfaces can prevent liquids from adhering to metal surfaces and, as a result, improve their corrosion resistance, self-cleaning performance, pollution resistance, and ice resistance. However, the fabrication of stable and controllable micro-nano symbiotic superamphiphobic structures on metal surfaces commonly used in industry remains a significant challenge. In this study, a laser-electrochemical hybrid subtractive-additive manufacturing method was proposed and developed for preparing copper superamphiphobic surfaces. Both experimental and fluid simulation studies were carried out. Utilizing this novel hybrid method, the controllable preparation of superamphiphobic micro-nano symbiotic structures was realized. The experimental results showed that the prepared surfaces had excellent superamphiphobic properties following subsequent modification with low surface energy substances. The contact angles of water droplets and oil droplets on the surface following electrodeposition treatment reached values of 161 ± 4° and 151 ± 4°, respectively, which showed that the prepared surface possessed perfect superamphiphobicity. Both the fabrication method and the test results provided useful insights for the preparation of stable and controllable superamphiphobic structures on metal surfaces in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jinzhong Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Kun Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Saarbrucken 66123, German
| | - Liqu Lin
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Intelligent Manufacturing, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Intelligent Manufacturing, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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22
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Li W, Li D, Wang Y, Zhu X, Ye D, Yang Y, Wang H, Chen R, Liao Q. Light Fueled High-Throughput Binary Droplet Splitting and Transport on High-Energy Substrate. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7313-7322. [PMID: 37561049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput droplet splitting and controllable transport of generated microdroplets on open surfaces are crucial in a broad spectrum of applications. Herein, a light strategy for controlling high-throughput splitting of binary droplets and transport of generated microdroplets on a high-energy substrate endowed by a localized photothermal effect is reported. Strong Marangoni flow as a result of the surface tension gradient and limited inward flow at the droplet bottom as a result of the significant viscous effect are together responsible for binary droplet splitting. The temperature gradients across the generated microdroplets established at the core heating zone are responsible for their transport away from the laser-acted zone. Remarkably, assisted by hydrophobic stripes on a high-energy substrate, high-throughput binary droplet splitting and controllable transport of generated microdroplets can be realized. Successful applications in biosample droplets and parallelized microreactions highlight the promising potential of this light strategy in open droplet microfluidics, biological assays and diagnosis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Dingding Ye
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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23
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Rey M, Volpe G, Volpe G. Light, Matter, Action: Shining Light on Active Matter. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:1188-1201. [PMID: 37215318 PMCID: PMC10197137 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Light carries energy and momentum. It can therefore alter the motion of objects on the atomic to astronomical scales. Being widely available, readily controllable, and broadly biocompatible, light is also an ideal tool to propel microscopic particles, drive them out of thermodynamic equilibrium, and make them active. Thus, light-driven particles have become a recent focus of research in the field of soft active matter. In this Perspective, we discuss recent advances in the control of soft active matter with light, which has mainly been achieved using light intensity. We also highlight some first attempts to utilize light's additional properties, such as its wavelength, polarization, and momentum. We then argue that fully exploiting light with all of its properties will play a critical role in increasing the level of control over the actuation of active matter as well as the flow of light itself through it. This enabling step will advance the design of soft active matter systems, their functionalities, and their transfer toward technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Rey
- Physics
Department, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Volpe
- Physics
Department, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giorgio Volpe
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ London, United Kingdom
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24
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Jiao L, Wu Y, Hu Y, Guo Q, Wu H, Yu H, Deng L, Li D, Li L. Mosaic Patterned Surfaces toward Generating Hardly-Volatile Capsular Droplet Arrays for High-Precision Droplet-Based Storage and Detection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206274. [PMID: 36617523 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Precise detection involving droplets based on functional surfaces is promising for the parallelization and miniaturization of platforms and is significant in epidemic investigation, analyte recognition, environmental simulation, combinatorial chemistry, etc. However, a challenging and considerable task is obtaining mutually independent droplet arrays without cross-contamination and simultaneously avoiding droplet evaporation-caused quick reagent loss, inaccuracy, and failure. Herein, a strategy to generate mutually independent and hardly-volatile capsular droplet arrays using innovative mosaic patterned surfaces is developed. The evaporation suppression of the capsular droplet arrays is 1712 times higher than the naked droplet. The high evaporation suppression of the capsular droplet arrays on the surfaces is attributed to synergistic blocking of the upper oil and bottom mosaic gasproof layer. The scale-up of the capsular droplet arrays, the flexibility in shape, size, component (including aqueous, colloidal, acid, and alkali solutions), liquid volume, and the high-precision hazardous substance testing proves the concept's high compatibility and practicability. The mutually independent capsular droplet arrays with amazingly high evaporation suppression are essential for the new generation of high-performance open-surface microfluidic chips used in COVID-19 diagnosis and investigation, primary screening, in vitro enzyme reactions, environmental monitoring, nanomaterial synthesis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jiao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Yixiao Wu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Hu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Huaping Wu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Huiyao Yu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Longqiang Deng
- Zhejiang Tuff Development Company Ltd., Jiaxing, 314400, P. R. China
| | - Dongliang Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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25
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Han X, Tan S, Jin R, Jiang L, Heng L. Noncontact Charge Shielding Knife for Liquid Microfluidics. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6420-6427. [PMID: 36898132 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Multibehavioral droplet manipulation in a precise and programmed manner is crucial for stoichiometry, biological virus detection, and intelligent lab-on-a-chip. Apart from fundamental navigation, merging, splitting, and dispensing of the droplets are required for being combined in a microfluidic chip as well. Yet, existing active manipulations including strategies from light to magnetism are arduous to use to split liquids on superwetting surfaces without mass loss and contamination, because of the high cohesion and Coanda effect. Here, we demonstrate a charge shielding mechanism (CSM) for platforms to integrate with a series of functions. In response to attachment of shielding layers from the bottom, the instantaneous and repeatable change of local potential on our platform achieves the desired loss-free manipulation of droplets, with a wide-ranging surface tension from 25.7 mN m-1 to 87.6 mN m-1, functioning as a noncontact air knife to cleave, guide, rotate, and collect reactive monomers on demand. With further refinement of the surface circuit, the droplets, just as the electron, can be programmed to be transported directionally at extremely high speeds of 100 mm s-1. This new generation of microfluidics is expected to be applied in the field of bioanalysis, chemical synthesis, and diagnostic kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Department, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shengda Tan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Department, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rongyu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Department, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Department, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Liping Heng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Department, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
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26
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Nomoto T, Marumo M, Chiari L, Toyota T, Fujinami M. Time-Resolved Measurements of Interfacial Tension and Flow Speed of the Inclined Water Surface around a Self-propelled Camphor Boat by the Quasi-elastic Laser Scattering Method. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2863-2871. [PMID: 36921258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
An inclined liquid surface, such as a meniscus, plays an important role in advection and transport phenomena at a liquid's surface. However, there is no time-resolved measurement method for the interfacial tension of an inclined liquid-air interface. Here, a noninvasive method for simultaneous measurements of the interfacial tension and surface flow speed for an inclined water surface is described. This is an upgrade of the quasi-elastic laser scattering method with a closed-loop control system that introduces the dynamically tracked scattered and referential light into the detector. For the evaluation of the tilt compensation by dynamic tracking, the relationship between the apparent interfacial tension and surface inclination was examined for a water meniscus at 0-5° inclinations. It was also demonstrated that simultaneous measurements of the interfacial tension and surface flow speed around a self-propelled camphor boat on a pure water surface inclined by >3° at the back end of the boat are difficult to conduct accurately without dynamic tracking. Both the interfacial tension difference and the backward flow speed increased as the boat speed increased to 0.1 m/s; that had not been evaluated to date because of the high velocity of the boat and the surface inclination of the water around it. The direct experimental evaluation of the interfacial tension and the flow speed supported the model that the driving force of the camphor boat is the interfacial tension difference and the resistance force proportional to the boat velocity reduces its acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Nomoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Mizuki Marumo
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Luca Chiari
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Taro Toyota
- Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Masanori Fujinami
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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27
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Berli CLA, Bellino MG. Toward droplets displaying life-like interaction behaviors. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:021302. [PMID: 37056636 PMCID: PMC10089683 DOI: 10.1063/5.0142115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Developments in synthetic biology usually bring the conception of individual artificial cells. A key feature of living systems is, however, the interaction between individuals, in which living units can interact autonomously and display a role differentiation such as the case of entities chasing each other. On the other hand, droplets have become a very useful and exciting medium for modern microengineering and biomedical technologies. In this Perspective, we show a brief discussion-outlook of different approaches to recreate predator-prey interactions in both swimmer and crawling droplet systems toward a new generation of synthetic life with impact in both fundamental insights and relevant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio L. A. Berli
- INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET) Predio CCT CONICET Santa Fe, RN 168, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Martín G. Bellino
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CNEA-CONICET), Av. Gral. Paz 1499, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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28
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Hao S, Xie Z, Yang W, Zhang L, Wang W, Kou J, Wu F, Fan J. Wetting-State-Induced Turning of Water Droplet Moving Direction on the Surface. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2182-2189. [PMID: 36728518 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous directional movement of water droplets on a wedge-shaped groove has gained extensive attention due to the advantage of not requiring energy input and its potential wide applications. However, manipulating the direction of movement of water droplets on a wedge-shaped groove has been not fully achieved, and the fundamental understanding of its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical analyses are combined to reveal the mechanism of movement in opposite directions of a water droplet at the same position on the wedge-shaped groove interface. It is shown that the moving direction of the water droplet is related to its wetting state on the surface, i.e., the Wenzel and the Cassie states. A water droplet initially in the Wenzel and Cassie states will move toward the diverging and the converging ends, respectively. This phenomenon is attributed to the opposite roles played by the groove substrate and the upper layers in the two wetting states. Moreover, it is found that the water droplet is likely to move faster on a surface with a higher groove, larger opening angle and stronger hydrophobicity. These findings are expected to be of benefit for fully understanding droplet movement and shedding light on the regulation of the direction of movement of the droplets on the groove surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqian Hao
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devicces, and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua321004, China
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan030006, China
| | - Zhang Xie
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devicces, and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua321004, China
| | - Wenxin Yang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China and
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China and
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devicces, and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua321004, China
| | - Jianlong Kou
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devicces, and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua321004, China
| | - Fengmin Wu
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devicces, and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua321004, China
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan030006, China
| | - Jintu Fan
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853-4401, United States
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29
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Kiani MJ, Dehghan A, Saadatbakhsh M, Jamali Asl S, Nouri NM, Pishbin E. Robotic digital microfluidics: a droplet-based total analysis system. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:748-760. [PMID: 36606624 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing automated platforms for point-of-need testing is a crucial global demand. Digital microfluidics is a promising solution for expanding integrated testing devices featuring ultimate control over the chemical and biological reactions in micro/nanoliter droplets. In this study, robotic digital microfluidics (RDMF) is introduced for the mechanical manipulation of the droplets precisely and inexpensively. A controllable and multifunctional arm equipped with several actuators is responsible for dispensing and manipulating droplets on a disposable superhydrophobic cartridge. The platform has been demonstrated with diverse functions, including droplet dispensing, transport, mixing, aliquoting, and splitting. Moreover, incorporating magnetic and heating modules into the system can realize particle manipulation and droplet heating. The liquid handling operations are investigated from both experimental and modeling perspectives. Handling a wide range of droplet sizes without needing high-voltage electric sources, integrability with different detection techniques, and ease of manufacturing are the main advantages of the RDMF platform compared to conventional digital microfluidic systems. The availability of a complete fluidic toolbox and multiple detection choices make RDMF promising for droplet-based total analysis technology. The system was applied for a urinalysis test to show its versatility in handling complex biochemical assays. The results entirely matched those obtained based on laboratory gold standard techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Kiani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Dehghan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahin Jamali Asl
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Norouz Mohammad Nouri
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmail Pishbin
- Bio-microfluidics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
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30
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A strategy for fabricating multi-level micro-nano superamphiphobic surfaces by laser-electrochemistry subtractive-additive hybrid manufacturing method. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.130946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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31
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Xu Y, Yao Y, Deng W, Fang JC, Dupont RL, Zhang M, Čopar S, Tkalec U, Wang X. Magnetocontrollable droplet mobility on liquid crystal-infused porous surfaces. NANO RESEARCH 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36570861 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Magnetocontrollable droplet mobility on surfaces of both solids and simple fluids have been widely used in a wide range of applications. However, little is understood about the effect of the magnetic field on the wettability and mobility of droplets on structured fluids. Here, we report the manipulation of the dynamic behaviors of water droplets on a film of thermotropic liquid crystals (LCs). We find that the static wetting behavior and static friction of water droplets on a 4'-octyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (8CB) film strongly depend on the LC mesophases, and that a magnetic field caused no measurable change to these properties. However, we find that the droplet dynamics can be affected by a magnetic field as it slides on a nematic 8CB film, but not on isotropic 8CB, and is dependent on both the direction and strength of the magnetic field. By measuring the dynamic friction of a droplet sliding on a nematic 8CB film, we find that a magnetic field alters the internal orientational ordering of the 8CB which in turn affects its viscosity. We support this interpretation with a scaling argument using the LC magnetic coherence length that includes (i) the elastic energy from the long-range orientational ordering of 8CB and (ii) the free energy from the interaction between 8CB and a magnetic field. Overall, these results advance our understanding of droplet mobility on LC films and enable new designs for responsive surfaces that can manipulate the mobility of water droplets. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (further details of the stability of LCIPS against water-induced dewetting, the interfacial tension and contact angle measurement using a goniometer, the estimation of the thickness of LC wrapping layer at air-water interface on droplets, SEM measurements, the average sliding velocity of a water droplet on 5CB, E7, silicone oil, and mineral oil films with and without a magnetic field, representative force diagram (F d versus time) of a 3-µL water droplet moving at a speed of 0.1 mm/s on a nematic 8CB film, F dynamic acting on 3 µL water droplets moving at speeds of 0.1-1 mm/s on an isotropic 8CB film, the calculated magnetic coherence length as a function of the magnitude of the magnetic field applied to the nematic LCIPS, and the apparent advancing and receding contact angles of a moving water droplet on nematic LCIPS as a function of time, and polarized light micrographs (top view) of a nematic 8CB film between two DMOAP-functionalized glass slides before and after applying a horizontal magnetic field) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-5318-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Yuxing Yao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - Weichen Deng
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jen-Chun Fang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Robert L Dupont
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Simon Čopar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Tkalec
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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32
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Xu Y, Yao Y, Deng W, Fang JC, Dupont RL, Zhang M, Čopar S, Tkalec U, Wang X. Magnetocontrollable droplet mobility on liquid crystal-infused porous surfaces. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 16:5098-5107. [PMID: 36570861 PMCID: PMC9768411 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnetocontrollable droplet mobility on surfaces of both solids and simple fluids have been widely used in a wide range of applications. However, little is understood about the effect of the magnetic field on the wettability and mobility of droplets on structured fluids. Here, we report the manipulation of the dynamic behaviors of water droplets on a film of thermotropic liquid crystals (LCs). We find that the static wetting behavior and static friction of water droplets on a 4'-octyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (8CB) film strongly depend on the LC mesophases, and that a magnetic field caused no measurable change to these properties. However, we find that the droplet dynamics can be affected by a magnetic field as it slides on a nematic 8CB film, but not on isotropic 8CB, and is dependent on both the direction and strength of the magnetic field. By measuring the dynamic friction of a droplet sliding on a nematic 8CB film, we find that a magnetic field alters the internal orientational ordering of the 8CB which in turn affects its viscosity. We support this interpretation with a scaling argument using the LC magnetic coherence length that includes (i) the elastic energy from the long-range orientational ordering of 8CB and (ii) the free energy from the interaction between 8CB and a magnetic field. Overall, these results advance our understanding of droplet mobility on LC films and enable new designs for responsive surfaces that can manipulate the mobility of water droplets. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material (further details of the stability of LCIPS against water-induced dewetting, the interfacial tension and contact angle measurement using a goniometer, the estimation of the thickness of LC wrapping layer at air-water interface on droplets, SEM measurements, the average sliding velocity of a water droplet on 5CB, E7, silicone oil, and mineral oil films with and without a magnetic field, representative force diagram (Fd versus time) of a 3-µL water droplet moving at a speed of 0.1 mm/s on a nematic 8CB film, Fdynamic acting on 3 µL water droplets moving at speeds of 0.1-1 mm/s on an isotropic 8CB film, the calculated magnetic coherence length as a function of the magnitude of the magnetic field applied to the nematic LCIPS, and the apparent advancing and receding contact angles of a moving water droplet on nematic LCIPS as a function of time, and polarized light micrographs (top view) of a nematic 8CB film between two DMOAP-functionalized glass slides before and after applying a horizontal magnetic field) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-5318-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Yuxing Yao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - Weichen Deng
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jen-Chun Fang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Robert L. Dupont
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Simon Čopar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Tkalec
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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Sinha Mahapatra P, Ganguly R, Ghosh A, Chatterjee S, Lowrey S, Sommers AD, Megaridis CM. Patterning Wettability for Open-Surface Fluidic Manipulation: Fundamentals and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16752-16801. [PMID: 36195098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Effective manipulation of liquids on open surfaces without external energy input is indispensable for the advancement of point-of-care diagnostic devices. Open-surface microfluidics has the potential to benefit health care, especially in the developing world. This review highlights the prospects for harnessing capillary forces on surface-microfluidic platforms, chiefly by inducing smooth gradients or sharp steps of wettability on substrates, to elicit passive liquid transport and higher-order fluidic manipulations without off-the-chip energy sources. A broad spectrum of the recent progress in the emerging field of passive surface microfluidics is highlighted, and its promise for developing facile, low-cost, easy-to-operate microfluidic devices is discussed in light of recent applications, not only in the domain of biomedical microfluidics but also in the general areas of energy and water conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Sinha Mahapatra
- Micro Nano Bio-Fluidics group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai600036, India
| | - Ranjan Ganguly
- Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata700098, India
| | - Aritra Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607, United States
| | - Souvick Chatterjee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607, United States
| | - Sam Lowrey
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin9016, New Zealand
| | - Andrew D Sommers
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio45056, United States
| | - Constantine M Megaridis
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607, United States
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Wang F, Guo F, Wang Z, He H, Sun Y, Liang W, Yang B. Surface Charge Density Gradient Printing To Drive Droplet Transport: A Numerical Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13697-13706. [PMID: 36317786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Traditional strategies, such as morphological or chemical gradients, struggle to realize the high-velocity and long-distance transport for droplets on a solid surface because of the pinning hydrodynamic equilibrium. Thus, there is a continuing challenge for practical technology to drive droplet transport over the last decades. The surface charge density (SCD) gradient printing method overcame the theoretical limit of traditional strategies and tackled this challenge [Nat. Mater. 2019, 18: 936], which utilized the asymmetric electric force to realize the high-velocity and long-distance droplet transport along a preprinted SCD gradient pathway. In the present work, by coupling the electrostatics and the hydrodynamics, we developed an unexplored numerical model for the water droplet transporting along the charged superhydrophobic surface. Subsequently, the effects of SCD gradients on the droplet transport were systematically discussed, and an optimized method for SCD gradient printing was proposed according to the numerical results. The present approach can provide early guidance for the SCD gradient printing to drive droplet transport on a solid surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxin Wang
- College of Architectural Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou225127, P.R. China
- College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin150001, P.R. China
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- College of Architectural Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou225127, P.R. China
| | - Zhenqing Wang
- College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin150001, P.R. China
| | - Hailing He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, P.R. China
| | - Yun Sun
- College of Architectural Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou225127, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Liang
- College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin150001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, P.R. China
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Sun Q, Hu X, Xu B, Lin S, Deng X, Zhou S. Janus Charged Droplet Manipulation Mediated by Invisible Charge Walls. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204382. [PMID: 36202749 PMCID: PMC9685436 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the mobility and function of droplets is fundamental to developing open surface microfluidics. Despite notable progress in the manipulation of droplets, the existing strategies are still limited in functionalizing droplets. Herein, the coupling of droplet motion and functionalization elicited by an invisible charge wall is reported. The charged superamphiphobic surface is overlapped with a conductor to induce free charge, creating the invisible charge wall at the overlapping boundary. The charge wall can trap droplets and polarize them into Janus charged state. It is found that the trapping degree and the charge distribution in the Janus charged droplet depend on the original surface charge on the superamphiphobic surface. The invisible charge wall can also be established at diverse boundary curvatures, allowing to design pathways for droplet manipulations. Furthermore, the enrichment of protein and nanomaterial in the manipulated Janus charged droplet is demonstrated. The strategy provides a potential microfluidic platform with orthogonal functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China
| | - Xuanming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China
| | - Boran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China
| | - Shiji Lin
- School of PhysicsUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China
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36
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Wang W, Sun J, Vallabhuneni S, Pawlowski B, Vahabi H, Nellenbach K, Brown AC, Scholle F, Zhao J, Kota AK. On-demand, remote and lossless manipulation of biofluid droplets. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2863-2871. [PMID: 36070425 PMCID: PMC9634865 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00695b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent global outbreaks of epidemics and pandemics have shown us that we are severely under-prepared to cope with infectious agents. Exposure to infectious agents present in biofluids (e.g., blood, saliva, urine etc.) poses a severe risk to clinical laboratory personnel and healthcare workers, resulting in hundreds of millions of hospital-acquired and laboratory-acquired infections annually. Novel technologies that can minimize human exposure through remote and automated handling of infectious biofluids will mitigate such risk. In this work, we present biofluid manipulators, which allow on-demand, remote and lossless manipulation of virtually any liquid droplet. Our manipulators are designed by integrating thermo-responsive soft actuators with superomniphobic surfaces. Utilizing our manipulators, we demonstrate on-demand, remote and lossless manipulation of biofluid droplets. We envision that our biofluid manipulators will not only reduce manual operations and minimize exposure to infectious agents, but also pave the way for developing inexpensive, simple and portable robotic systems, which can allow point-of-care operations, particularly in developing nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jiefeng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Sravanthi Vallabhuneni
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Benjamin Pawlowski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Hamed Vahabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Kimberly Nellenbach
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ashley C Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Frank Scholle
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Arun K Kota
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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37
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Manabe K, Saito K, Nakano M, Ohzono T, Norikane Y. Light-Driven Liquid Conveyors: Manipulating Liquid Mobility and Transporting Solids on Demand. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16353-16362. [PMID: 36222696 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The intelligent transport of materials at interfaces is essential for a wide range of processes, including chemical microreactions, bioanalysis, and microfabrication. Both passive and active methods have been used to transport droplets, among which light-based techniques have attracted much attention because they are noncontact, safe, reversible, and controllable. However, conventional light-driven systems also involve challenges related to low transport ability and instability. Because of these shortcomings, technologies that can transport and manipulate droplets and microsolids on the same surface have yet to be realized. The present work demonstrates a light-driven system referred to as a liquid conveyor that enables the transport of both water droplets and microsolids. After the incorporation of an azobenzene-based molecular motor capable of undergoing photoisomerization into the surface liquid layer of this system, an isomerization gradient was induced by exposure to ultraviolet light emitting diodes that induced flow in this layer. Various parameters were optimized, including the concentration of the molecular motor compound, the light intensity, the viscosity of the liquid layer, and the droplet volume. This process eventually achieved the horizontal transport of droplets in any direction at varied rates. As a consequence of the limited heat buildup, the lack of droplet deformation, and extremely small contact angle hysteresis in this system, microsolids on droplets were also transported. This liquid conveyor is a promising platform for high-throughput omni-liquid/solid manipulation in the fields of biotechnology, chemistry, and mechanical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Manabe
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8565, Japan
| | - Koichiro Saito
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8565, Japan
| | - Miki Nakano
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute (AMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8564, Japan
| | - Takuya Ohzono
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8565, Japan
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38
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Umlandt M, Kopyshev A, Pasechnik SV, Zakharov AV, Lomadze N, Santer S. Light-Triggered Manipulations of Droplets All in One: Reversible Wetting, Transport, Splitting, and Merging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41412-41420. [PMID: 36006795 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, we establish different ways of light-triggered droplet manipulation such as reversible wetting, splitting, merging, and transport. The unique features of our approach are that the changes in the wetting properties of microscopic droplets of isotropic (oil) or anisotropic (liquid crystalline) liquids adsorbed on photoswitchable films can be triggered just by application of soft optical stimuli, which lead to dynamical, reversible changes in the local morphology of the structured surfaces. The adaptive films consist of an azobenzene-containing surfactant ionically attached to oppositely charged polymer chains. Under exposure to irradiation with light, the azobenzene photoisomerizes between two states, nonpolar trans-isomer and polar cis-isomer, resulting in the corresponding changes in the surface energy and orientation of the surfactant tails at the interface. Additionally, the local increase in the surface temperature due to absorption of light by the azobenzene groups enables diverse processes of manipulation of the adsorbed small droplets, such as the reversible increase of the droplet basal area up to 5 times, anisotropic wetting during irradiation with modulated light, and precise partition of the droplet into many small pieces, which can then be merged on demand to the desired number of larger droplets. Moreover, using a moving focused light spot, we experimentally demonstrate and theoretically explain the locomotion of the droplet over macroscopic distances with a velocity of up to 150 μm·s-1. Our findings could lead to the ultimate application of a programmable workbench for manipulating and operating an ensemble of droplets, just using simple and gentle optical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Umlandt
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam14476, Germany
| | - Alexey Kopyshev
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam14476, Germany
| | - Sergey V Pasechnik
- Laboratory of Molecular Acoustics, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Moscow119454, Russia
| | - Alexandre V Zakharov
- Saint Petersburg Institute for Machine Sciences, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg199178, Russia
| | - Nino Lomadze
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam14476, Germany
| | - Svetlana Santer
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam14476, Germany
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39
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Wang F, Liu M, Liu C, Huang C, Zhang L, Cui A, Hu Z, Du X. Light control of droplets on photo-induced charged surfaces. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 10:nwac164. [PMID: 36684525 PMCID: PMC9843135 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The manipulation of droplets plays a vital role in fundamental research and practical applications, from chemical reactions to bioanalysis. As an intriguing and active format, light control of droplets, typically induced by photochemistry, photomechanics, light-induced Marangoni effects or light-induced electric fields, enables remote and contactless control with remarkable spatial and temporal accuracy. However, current light control of droplets suffers from poor performance and limited reliability. Here we develop a new superamphiphobic material that integrates the dual merits of light and electric field by rationally preparing liquid metal particles/poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) polymer composites with photo-induced charge generation capability in real time, enabling light control of droplets on the basis of photo-induced dielectrophoretic force. We demonstrate that this photo-induced charged surface (PICS) imparts a new paradigm for controllable droplet motion, including high average velocity (∼35.9 mm s-1), unlimited distance, multimode motions (e.g. forward, backward and rotation) and single-to-multiple droplet manipulation, which are otherwise unachievable in conventional strategies. We further extend light control of droplets to robotic and bio-applications, including transporting a solid cargo in a closed tube, crossing a tiny tunnel, avoiding obstacles, sensing the changing environment via naked-eye color shift, preparing hydrogel beads, transporting living cells and reliable biosensing. Our PICS not only provides insight into the development of new smart interface materials and microfluidics, but also brings new possibilities for chemical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chao Huang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lidong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Anyang Cui
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhigao Hu
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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40
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Krantz J, Caiado A, Piccolo L, Gao P, Sorgato M, Lucchetta G, Masato D. Dynamic wetting characteristics of submicron‐structured injection molded parts. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Krantz
- Department of Plastics Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - Ashley Caiado
- Department of Plastics Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - Leonardo Piccolo
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Plastics Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - Marco Sorgato
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova Padova Italy
| | | | - Davide Masato
- Department of Plastics Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
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41
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Yang C, Zeng Q, Huang J, Guo Z. Droplet manipulation on superhydrophobic surfaces based on external stimulation: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 306:102724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Xu Y, Chang Y, Yao Y, Zhang M, Dupont RL, Rather AM, Bao X, Wang X. Modularizable Liquid-Crystal-Based Open Surfaces Enable Programmable Chemical Transport and Feeding using Liquid Droplets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108788. [PMID: 35333418 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Droplet-based miniature reactors have attracted interest in both fundamental studies, for the unique reaction kinetics they enable, and applications in bio-diagnosis and material synthesis. However, the precise and automatic feeding of chemicals, important for the delicate reactions in these miniaturized chemical reactors, either requires complex, high-cost microfluidic devices or lacks the capability to maintain a pinning-free droplet movement. Here, the design and synthesis of a new class of liquid crystal (LC)-based open surfaces, which enable a controlled chemical release via a programmable LC phase transition without sacrificing the free transport of the droplets, are reported. It is demonstrated that their intrinsic slipperiness and self-healing properties enable a modularizable assembly of LC surfaces that can be loaded with different chemicals to achieve a wide range of chemical reactions carried out within the droplets, including sequential and parallel chemical reactions, crystal growth, and polymer synthesis. Finally, an LC-based chemical feeding device is developed that can automatically control the release of chemicals to direct the simultaneous differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into endothelial progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes. Overall, these LC surfaces exhibit desirable levels of automation, responsiveness, and controllability for use in miniature droplet carriers and reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yun Chang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yuxing Yao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Robert L Dupont
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Adil M Rather
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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43
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Determination of the Dielectrophoretic Force Induced by the Photovoltaic Effect on Lithium Niobate. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020316. [PMID: 35208440 PMCID: PMC8875925 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The actuation of droplets on a surface is extremely relevant for microfluidic applications. In recent years, various methodologies have been used. A promising solution relies on iron-doped lithium niobate crystals that, when illuminated, generate an evanescent electric field in the surrounding space due to the photovoltaic effect. This field can be successfully exploited to control the motion of water droplets. Here, we present an experimental method to determine the attractive force exerted by the evanescent field. It consists of the analysis of the elongation of a pendant droplet and its detachment from the suspending syringe needle, caused by the illumination of an iron-doped lithium niobate crystal. We show that this interaction resembles that obtained by applying a voltage between the needle and a metallic substrate, and a quantitative investigation of these two types of actuation yields similar results. Pendant droplet tensiometry is then demonstrated to offer a simple solution for quickly mapping out the force at different distances from the crystal, generated by the photovoltaic effect and its temporal evolution, providing important quantitative data for the design and characterization of optofluidic devices based on lithium niobate crystals.
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44
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Wang F, Sun Y, Zong G, Liang W, Yang B, Guo F, Yangou C, Wang Y, Zhang Z. Electrothermally Assisted Surface Charge Density Gradient Printing to Drive Droplet Transport. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3526-3535. [PMID: 34990109 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface 2019, surface charge density (SCD) gradient printing-driven droplet transport, has attracted considerable attention as a novel and effective approach, which adopts the water droplet impacting a nonwetting surface to create a reprintable SCD gradient pathway conveniently and realizes the high-velocity and long-distance transport of droplets. In the present work, we further investigated the effects of electrothermal behavior on SCD gradient printing on hydrophobic surfaces by considering the droplet impact dynamics. After the electrothermal function was activated, the wettability of the hydrophobic surface improved in terms of the spreading factor history and the infiltration depth, which increased the probability of solid/liquid contact electrification to generate a more favorable SCD gradient. Since the hydrophobic surface was negatively charged by droplet impact, polarized droplets rolled forward along the preprinted SCD gradient pathway due to opposite charge attraction. Based on these results, we designed a SCD gradient printer with an electrothermal function for hydrophobic surfaces. Subsequently, the kinematic parameters of rolling droplets on hydrophobic surfaces were observed and quantified to evaluate the improvements resulting from the electrothermal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxin Wang
- College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Yongyang Sun
- College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Guanggong Zong
- College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Wenyan Liang
- College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Chenyan Yangou
- College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Yubo Wang
- College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
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45
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Jin Y, Xu W, Zhang H, Li R, Sun J, Yang S, Liu M, Mao H, Wang Z. Electrostatic tweezer for droplet manipulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2105459119. [PMID: 34992136 PMCID: PMC8764671 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105459119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Various physical tweezers for manipulating liquid droplets based on optical, electrical, magnetic, acoustic, or other external fields have emerged and revolutionized research and application in medical, biological, and environmental fields. Despite notable progress, the existing modalities for droplet control and manipulation are still limited by the extra responsive additives and relatively poor controllability in terms of droplet motion behaviors, such as distance, velocity, and direction. Herein, we report a versatile droplet electrostatic tweezer (DEST) for remotely and programmatically trapping or guiding the liquid droplets under diverse conditions, such as in open and closed spaces and on flat and tilted surfaces as well as in oil medium. DEST, leveraging on the coulomb attraction force resulting from its electrostatic induction to a droplet, could manipulate droplets of various compositions, volumes, and arrays on various substrates, offering a potential platform for a series of applications, such as high-throughput surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection with single measuring time less than 20 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanghuai Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Li
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Mao
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, People's Republic of China;
- Research Center for Nature-Inspired Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, People's Republic of China
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46
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Lv F, Zhao F, Cheng D, Dong Z, Jia H, Xiao X, Orejon D. Bioinspired functional SLIPSs and wettability gradient surfaces and their synergistic cooperation and opportunities for enhanced condensate and fluid transport. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 299:102564. [PMID: 34861513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired smart functional surfaces have received increasing attention in recent years owed to their tunable wettability and enhanced droplet transport suggesting them as excellent candidates for industrial and nanotechnology-related applications. More specifically, bioinspired slippery lubricant infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs) have been proposed for their low adhesion enabling continuous dropwise condensation (DWC) even of low-surface tension fluids. In addition, functional surfaces with chemical and/or structural wettability gradients have also been exploited empowering spontaneous droplet transport in a controlled manner. Current research has focused on the better understanding of the mechanisms and intimate interactions taking place between liquid droplets and functional surfaces or on the forces imposed by differences in surface wettability and/or by Laplace pressure owed to chemical or structural gradients. Nonetheless, less attention has been paid to the synergistic cooperation of efficiently driving droplet transport via chemical and/or structural patterns/gradients on a low surface energy/adhesion background imposed by SLIPSs, with the consequent promising potential for microfluidics and condensation heat transfer applications amongst others. This review provides a detailed and timely overview and summary on recent advances and developments on bioinspired SLIPSs and on wettability gradient surfaces with focus on their synergistic cooperation for condensation and fluid transport related applications. Firstly, the fundamental theory and mechanisms governing complex droplet transport on homogeneous, on wettability gradient surfaces and on inclined SLIPSs are introduced. Secondly, recent advances on the fabrication and characterization of SLIPSs and functional surfaces are presented. Then, the condensation performance on such functional surfaces comprising chemical or structural wettability gradients is reviewed and their applications on condensation heat transfer are summarized. Last a summary outlook highlighting the opportunities and challenges on the synergistic cooperation of SLIPSs and wettability gradient surfaces for heat transfer as well as future perspective in modern applications are presented.
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Chen F, Wang Y, Tian Y, Zhang D, Song J, Crick CR, Carmalt CJ, Parkin IP, Lu Y. Robust and durable liquid-repellent surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8476-8583. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01033b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive summary of characterization, design, fabrication, and application of robust and durable liquid-repellent surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faze Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yaquan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Yanling Tian
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jinlong Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Colin R. Crick
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Claire J. Carmalt
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
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48
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Grawitter J, Stark H. Droplets on substrates with oscillating wettability. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9469-9479. [PMID: 34614053 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01113h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades novel solid substrates have been designed which change their wettability in response to light or an electrostatic field. Here, we investigate a droplet on substrates with oscillating uniform wettability by varying minimum and maximum contact angles and frequency. To simulate this situation, we use our previous work [Grawitter and Stark, Soft Matter, 2021, 17, 2454], where we implemented the boundary element method in combination with the Cox-Voinov law for the contact-line velocity, to determine the fluid flow inside a droplet. After a transient regime the droplet performs steady oscillations, the amplitude of which decreases with increasing frequency. For slow oscillations our numerical results agree well with the linearized spherical-cap model. They collapse on a master curve when we rescale frequency by a characteristic relaxation time. In contrast, for fast oscillations we observe significant deviations from the master curve. The decay of the susceptibility is weaker and the phase shift between oscillations in wettability and contact angle stays below the predicted π/2. The reason becomes obvious when studying the combined dynamics of droplet height and contact angle. It reveals non-reciprocal shape changes during one oscillation period even at low frequencies due to the induced fluid flow inside the droplet, which are not captured by the spherical-cap model. Similar periodic non-reciprocal shape changes occur at low frequencies when the droplet is placed on an oscillating nonuniform wettability profile with six-fold symmetry. Such profiles are inspired by the light intensity pattern of Laguerre-Gauss laser modes. Since the non-reciprocal shape changes induce fluid circulation, which is controllable from the outside, our findings envisage the design of targeted microfluidic transport of solutes inside the droplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josua Grawitter
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Holger Stark
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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Hao S, Xie Z, Li Z, Kou J, Wu F. Initial-position-driven opposite directional transport of a water droplet on a wedge-shaped groove. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15963-15972. [PMID: 34523632 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03467g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The transport direction of water droplets on a functionalized surface is of great significance due to its wide applications in microfluidics technology. The prevailing view is that a water droplet on a wedge-shaped groove always moves towards the wider end. In this paper, however, molecular dynamics simulations show that a water droplet can move towards the narrower end if placed at specific positions. It is found that the direction of water droplet transport on a grooved surface is related to its initial position. The water droplet moves towards the wider end only when it is placed near the wider end initially. If the water droplet is placed near the narrower end, it will move in the opposite direction. The novel phenomenon is attributed to the opposite interactions of the groove substrate and the groove upper layers with water droplets. Two effective models are proposed to exploit the physical origin of different transport directions of water droplets on a wedge-shaped groove surface. The study provides an insight into the design of nanostructured surfaces to effectively control the droplet motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqian Hao
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhang Xie
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jianlong Kou
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Fengmin Wu
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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50
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Liu C, Sun Y, Huanng J, Guo Z, Liu W. External-field-induced directional droplet transport: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 295:102502. [PMID: 34390884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Directional transport of fluids is crucial for vital activities of organisms and numerous industrial applications. This process has garnered widespread research attention due to the wide breadth of flexible applications such as medical diagnostics, drug delivery, and digital microfluidics. The rational design of functional surfaces that can achieve the subtle control of liquid behavior. Previous studies were mainly dependent on the special asymmetric structures, which inevitably have the problem of slow transport speed and short distance. To improve controllability, researchers have attempted to use external fields, such as thermal, light, electric fields, and magnetic fields, to achieve controllable droplet transport. On the fundamental side, much of their widespread applicably is due to the degree of control over droplet transport. This review provides an overview of recent progress in the last three years toward the transport of droplets with different mechanisms induced by various external stimuli, including light, electric, thermal, and magnetic field. First, the relevant basic theory and typical induced gradient for directional liquid transport are illustrated. We will then review the latest advances in the external-field-induced directional transport. Moreover, the most emerging applications such as digital microfluidics, harvesting of energy and water, heat transfer, and oil/water separation are also presented. Finally, we will outline possible future perspectives to attract more researchers interest and promote the development of this field.
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