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Ma W, He J, Han L, Ma C, Cai Y, Guo X, Yang Z. Hydrophilic Fraction of Dissolved Organic Matter Largely Facilitated Microplastics Photoaging: Insights from Redox Properties and Reactive Oxygen Species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11625-11636. [PMID: 38848335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c11111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) exists widely in natural water, which inevitably influences microplastic (MP) photoaging. Nevertheless, the impacts of DOM fractions with diverse molecular structures on MP photoaging remain to be elucidated. This study explored the photoaging mechanisms of polylactic acid (PLA)-MPs and polystyrene (PS)-MPs in the presence of DOM and its subfractions (hydrophobic acid (HPOA), hydrophobic neutral (HPON), and hydrophilic (HPI)). Across DOM fractions, HPI exhibited the highest electron accepting capacity (23 μmol e- (mg C)-1) due to its abundant tannin-like species (36.8%) with carboxylic groups, which facilitated more reactive oxygen species generation (particularly hydroxyl radical), leading to the strongest photoaging rate of two MPs by HPI. However, the sequences of bond cleavage during photoaging of each MPs were not clearly shifted as revealed by two-dimensional infrared correlation spectra. Inconspicuous effects on the extent of PS- and PLA-MPs photoaging were observed for HPOA and HPON, respectively. This was mainly ascribed to the occurrence of inhibitory mechanisms (e.g., light-shielding and quenching effect) counteracting the reactive oxygen species-promoting effects. The findings identified the HPI fraction of DOM for promoting PS- and PLA-MPs photoaging rate and first constructed a link among DOM molecular structures, redox properties, and effects on MP photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Ma
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiehong He
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lanfang Han
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanxin Ma
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanpeng Cai
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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2
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Du R, Wen J, Huang J, Zhang Q, Shi X, Wang B, Deng S, Yu G. Dissolved organic matter isolates obtained by solid phase extraction exhibit higher absorption and lower photo-reactivity: Effect of components. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 256:121604. [PMID: 38640562 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Notable differences in photo-physical and chemical properties were found between bulk water and solid phase extraction (SPE) isolates for dissolved organic matter (DOM). The moieties extracted using modified styrene divinylbenzene cartridges, which predominantly consist of conjugated aromatic molecules like humic acids, contribute mainly to light absorption but exhibit lower quantum yields of fluorescence and photo-produced reactive intermediates (PPRIs). Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) revealed lignin as the moieties displaying most significant variance in abundance. In Van Krevelen-Spearman plot, we observed molecules positively or negatively correlated with DOM's optical and photochemical properties (including SUVA254, steady-state concentrations of ·OH, 1O2 quantum yield, etc.) were confined to specific regions, which can be delineated using a threshold modified aromaticity index (AImod) of 0.3. Based on the relationships between optical properties and PPRI production, it is suggested that the energy gap between ground state and excited singlet state (△ES1→S0), governing the inner conversion rate, serves as a determinant for apparent quantum yield of PPRIs in DOM, with intra-molecular charge transfer (CT) interactions potentially playing a pivotal role. Regarding DOM's photoreactivity with pollutants, this study has revealed, for the first time, that protein/amino sugars/amino acids could act as antioxidant groups in addition to phenols on the photolysis of sulfadiazine. These findings provide valuable insights into DOM photochemistry and are expected to stimulate further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roujia Du
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiaqi Wen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qianxin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shubo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environmental and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
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3
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Buckley S, McKay G, Leresche F, Rosario-Ortiz F. Inferring the Molecular Basis for Dissolved Organic Matter Photochemical and Optical Properties. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9040-9050. [PMID: 38743693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of photochemical and optical properties to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM), a significant gap persists in our understanding of the relationship among these properties. This study infers the molecular basis for the optical and photochemical properties of DOM using a comprehensive framework and known structural moieties within DOM. Utilizing Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA) as a model DOM, carboxylated aromatics, phenols, and quinones were identified as dominant contributors to the absorbance spectra, and phenols, quinones, aldehydes, and ketones were identified as major contributors to radiative energy pathways. It was estimated that chromophores constitute ∼63% w/w of dissolved organic carbon in SRFA and ∼47% w/w of overall SRFA. Notably, estimations indicate the pool of fluorescent compounds and photosensitizing compounds in SRFA are likely distinct from each other at wavelengths below 400 nm. This perspective offers a practical tool to aid in the identification of probable chemical groups when interpreting optical and photochemical data and challenges the current "black box" thinking. Instead, DOM photochemical and optical properties can be closely estimated by assuming the DOM is composed of a mixture of individual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Buckley
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Garrett McKay
- Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Frank Leresche
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Fernando Rosario-Ortiz
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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4
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Korak JA, McKay G. Meta-Analysis of Optical Surrogates for the Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7380-7392. [PMID: 38640357 PMCID: PMC11064222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Optical surrogates, derived from absorbance and fluorescence spectra, are widely used to infer dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition (molecular weight, aromaticity) and genesis (autochthonous vs allochthonous). Despite the broad adoption of optical surrogates, several limitations exist, such as context- and sample-specific factors. These limitations create uncertainty about how compositional interpretations based on optical surrogates are generalized across contexts, specifically if there is duplicative or contradictory information in those interpretations. To explore these limitations, we performed a meta-analysis of optical surrogates for DOM from diverse sources, both from natural systems and after water treatment processes (n = 762). Prior to analysis, data were screened using a newly developed, standardized methodology that applies systematic quality control criteria before reporting surrogates. There was substantial overlap in surrogate values from natural and treated samples, suggesting that the gradients governing the surrogate variability can be generated in both contexts. This overlap provides justification for using optical surrogates originally developed in the context of natural systems to describe DOM changes in engineered systems, although the interpretations may change. Absorbance-based surrogates that describe the amount of spectral tailing (e.g., E2:E3 and S275-295) had a high frequency of strong correlations with one another but not to specific absorbance (SUVA254) or absorbance slope ratio (SR). The fluorescence index (FI) and biological index (β/α) were strongly correlated with one another and to the peak emission wavelength but not to the humification index (HIX). Although SUVA254 and FI have both been correlated to DOM aromaticity in prior research, there was a lack of reciprocity between these optical surrogates across this data set. Additionally, there were patterns of deviations in the wastewater subset, suggesting that effluent organic matter may not follow conventional interpretations, urging caution in the use of optical surrogates to track DOM in water reuse applications. Finally, the meta-analysis highlights that three aspects should be captured when optical spectra are used for DOM interpretation: specific absorbance, absorbance tailing, and the extent of red-shifted fluorescence. We recommend that SUVA254, E2:E3, and FI or β/α be prioritized in future DOM studies to capture these aspects, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Korak
- Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
- Environmental
Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Garrett McKay
- Zachry
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
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5
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Zhu X, Weiser MW, Harringmeyer JP, Kaiser K, Walker BD, Bélanger S, Anderson CH, Fichot CG. The apparent quantum yield matrix (AQY-M) of CDOM photobleaching in estuarine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168670. [PMID: 37996032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical degradation of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) upon solar exposure, known as photobleaching, can significantly alter the optical properties of the surface ocean. By leading to the breakdown of UV- and visible-radiation-absorbing moieties within dissolved organic matter, photobleaching regulates solar heating, the vertical distribution of photochemical processes, and UV exposure and light availability to the biota in surface waters. Despite its biogeochemical and ecological relevance, this sink of CDOM remains poorly quantified. Efforts to quantify photobleaching globally have long been hampered by the inherent challenge of determining representative apparent quantum yields (AQYs) for this process, and by the resulting lack of understanding of their variability in natural waters. Measuring photobleaching AQY is made challenging by the need to determine AQY matrices (AQY-M) that capture the dual spectral dependency of this process (i.e., magnitude varies with both excitation wavelength and response wavelength). A new experimental approach now greatly facilitates the quantification of AQY-M for natural waters, and can help address this problem. Here, we conducted controlled photochemical experiments and applied this new approach to determine the AQY-M of 27 contrasting water samples collected globally along the land-ocean aquatic continuum (i.e., rivers, estuaries, coastal ocean, and open ocean). The experiments and analyses revealed considerable variability in the magnitude and spectral characteristics of the AQY-M among samples, with strong dependencies on CDOM composition/origin (as indicated by the CDOM 275-295-nm spectral slope coefficient, S275-295), solar exposure duration, and water temperature. The experimental data facilitated the development and validation of a statistical model capable of accurately predicting the AQY-M from three simple predictor variables: 1) S275-295, 2) water temperature, and 3) a standardized measure of solar exposure. The model will help constrain the variability of the AQY-M when modeling photobleaching rates on regional and global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Matthew W Weiser
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Karl Kaiser
- Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science, Texas A&M University, Galveston Campus, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Brett D Walker
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Bélanger
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Geography, BOREAS, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Chloe H Anderson
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 8, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Cédric G Fichot
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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6
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Li W, Lu L, Du H. Deciphering DOM-metal binding using EEM-PARAFAC: Mechanisms, challenges, and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:14388-14405. [PMID: 38289550 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a pivotal component of the biogeochemical cycles and can combine with metal ions through chelation or complexation. Understanding this process is crucial for tracing metal solubility, mobility, and bioavailability. Fluorescence excitation emission matrix (EEM) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) has emerged as a popular tool in deciphering DOM-metal interactions. In this review, we primarily discuss the advantages of EEM-PARAFAC compared with other algorithms and its main limitations in studying DOM-metal binding, including restrictions in spectral considerations, mathematical assumptions, and experimental procedures, as well as how to overcome these constraints and shortcomings. We summarize the principles of EEM to uncover DOM-metal association, including why fluorescence gets quenched and some potential mechanisms that affect the accuracy of fluorescence quenching. Lastly, we review some significant and innovative research, including the application of 2D-COS in DOM-metal binding analysis, hoping to provide a fresh perspective for possible future hotspots of study. We argue the expansion of EEM applications to a broader range of areas related to natural organic matter. This extension would facilitate our exploration of the mobility and fate of metals in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410127, China
- Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University Area, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Lei Lu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410127, China
- Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University Area, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Huihui Du
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410127, China.
- Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University Area, Changsha, 410000, China.
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7
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Liao Z, Lu J, Xie K, Wang Y, Yuan Y. Prediction of Photochemical Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter Using Machine Learning. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17971-17980. [PMID: 37029743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Apparent quantum yields (Φ) of photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRIs) formed by dissolved organic matter (DOM) are vital to element cycles and contaminant fates in surface water. Simultaneous determination of ΦPPRI values from numerous water samples through existing experimental methods is time consuming and ineffective. Herein, machine learning models were developed with a systematic data set including 1329 data points to predict the values of three ΦPPRIs (Φ3DOM*, Φ1O2, and Φ·OH) based on DOM spectral parameters, experimental conditions, and calculation parameters. The best predictive performances for Φ3DOM*, Φ1O2, and Φ·OH were achieved using the CatBoost model, which outperformed the traditional linear regression models. The significances of the wavelength range and spectral parameters on the three ΦPPRI predictions were revealed, suggesting that DOM with lower molecular weight, lower aromatic content, and a more autochthonous portion possessed higher ΦPPRIs. Chain models were constructed by adding the predicted Φ3DOM* as a new feature into the Φ1O2 and Φ·OH models, which consequently improved the predictive performance of Φ1O2 but worsened the Φ·OH prediction likely due to the complex formation pathways of ·OH. Overall, this study offered robust ΦPPRI prediction across interlaboratory differences and provided new insights into the relationship between PPRIs formation and DOM properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinrong Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kunting Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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8
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Linam F, Limmer MA, Ebling AM, Seyfferth AL. Rice husk and husk biochar soil amendments store soil carbon while water management controls dissolved organic matter chemistry in well-weathered soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 339:117936. [PMID: 37068400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rice agriculture feeds over half the world's population, and paddy soils impact the carbon cycle through soil organic carbon (SOC) preservation and production of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), which are greenhouse gases (GHG). Rice husk is a nutrient-rich, underutilized byproduct of rice milling that is sometimes pyrolyzed or combusted. It is unresolved how the incorporation of these residues affects C dynamics in paddy soil. In this study, we sought to determine how untreated (Husk), low-temperature pyrolyzed (Biochar), and combusted (CharSil) husk amendments affect SOC levels, GHG emissions, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) chemistry. We amended Ultisol paddy mesocosms and collected SOC and GHG data for three years of rice grown under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) conditions. We also performed a greenhouse pot study that included water management treatments of nonflooded, AWD, and flooded. Husk, Biochar, and CharSil amendments and flooding generally increased SOC storage and CH4 emissions, while nonflooded conditions increased N2O emissions and nonflooded and CharSil treatments increased CO2 emissions. All amendments stored ∼0.15 kg C m-2 y-1 more SOC than CH4 emissions (as CO2 equivalents), but the combustion of husk to produce CharSil resulted in the net release of CO2 which negates any SOC storage. UV-visible absorption/fluorescence spectroscopy from the pot study suggests that nonflooded treatment decreased DOM aromaticity and molecular size. Our data show that flooding and amendment of Husk and Biochar maximized C storage in the highly weathered rice paddy soil under study despite Husk increasing CH4 emissions. Water management affected dissolved organic matter chemistry more strongly than amendments, but this requires further investigation. Return of rice husk that is untreated or pyrolyzed at low temperature shows promise to close nutrient loops and preserve SOC in rice paddy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Linam
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, 531 S. College Avenue, Townsend Hall Rm. 152, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Matt A Limmer
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, 531 S. College Avenue, Townsend Hall Rm. 152, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Alina M Ebling
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Road, Cannon Lab Rm. 204, Lewes, DE, 19958, USA.
| | - Angelia L Seyfferth
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, 531 S. College Avenue, Townsend Hall Rm. 152, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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9
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Berg SM, Wammer KH, Remucal CK. Dissolved Organic Matter Photoreactivity Is Determined by Its Optical Properties, Redox Activity, and Molecular Composition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6703-6711. [PMID: 37039298 PMCID: PMC11095828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the formation of photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRI) during the irradiation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) has remained challenging given the complex nature of this material and differences in PPRI formation mechanisms. We investigate the role of DOM composition in photoreactivity using 48 samples that span the range of DOM in freshwater systems and wastewater. We relate quantum yields for excited triplet-state organic matter (fTMP), singlet oxygen (Φ1O2), and hydroxylating species (Φ•OH) to DOM composition determined using spectroscopy, Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, and electron-donating capacity (EDC). fTMP and Φ1O2 follow similar trends and are correlated with bulk properties derived from UV-vis spectra and EDC. In contrast, no individual bulk property can be used to predict Φ•OH. At the molecular level, the subset of DOM that is positively correlated to both Φ•OH and EDC is distinct from DOM formulas related to Φ1O2, demonstrating that •OH and 1O2 are formed from different DOM fractions. Multiple linear regressions are used to relate quantum yields of each PPRI to DOM composition parameters derived from multiple techniques, demonstrating that complementary methods are ideal for characterizing DOM because each technique only samples a subset of DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Berg
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kristine H. Wammer
- Department of Chemistry, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105
| | - Christina K. Remucal
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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10
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Buckley S, Leresche F, Hanson B, Rosario-Ortiz FL. Decoupling Optical Response and Photochemical Formation of Singlet Oxygen in Size Isolated Fractions of Ozonated Dissolved Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5603-5610. [PMID: 36977057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The complex effects of ozonation on the photophysical and size-based properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were investigated using two DOM isolates, Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA) and Pony Lake Fulvic Acid (PLFA). A size exclusion chromatography system paired with absorbance, fluorescence, and total organic carbon detection was used to determine the fluorescence quantum yield (Φf) as a function of the apparent molecular weight (AMW). Size-based fractions of each isolate were collected and irradiated to measure singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield (Φ1O2). Φf decreased with ozonation in low AMW fractions, while increasing in high AMW fractions. Φ1O2 increased with ozone dose in low AMW fractions from ∼2 to ∼7% and ∼3 to ∼11% for PLFA and SRFA, respectively, indicating that these are the most photoreactive fractions of DOM. Decreases in Φf and concomitant increases in Φ1O2 in low AMW fractions indicated that chemical transformations occurred, likely including the conversion of phenols to quinones, particularly in SRFA. Results further suggest that the photoactive and fluorescent fractions of DOM are likely independent pools of chromophores from different AMW fractions. In PLFA, a linear response in Φ1O2, specific UV absorbance at wavelength 254 nm (SUVA254), and Φf with ozonation indicated the equal distribution of ozone-reactive moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Buckley
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Frank Leresche
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Blair Hanson
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Fernando L Rosario-Ortiz
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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11
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Du R, Zhang Q, Leresche F, Zhong M, Chen P, Huang J, Deng S, Rosario-Ortiz FL, Yu G. The determination and prediction of the apparent reaction rates between excited triplet-state DOM and selected PPCPs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163117. [PMID: 37044337 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
To determine and predict the reaction rate between 3DOM* and PPCPs in various water bodies, this study defines a reaction rate coefficient ( [Formula: see text] ) to describe the reaction between 3DOM* and PPCPs. As the values also included the inhibition effect of DOM's antioxidant moieties, the calculation of [Formula: see text] is inconsistent with that of a bimolecular rate constant via the steady-state kinetic method. The [Formula: see text] values of 12 selected PPCPs were determined in two DOM solutions and ten DOM-containing water samples collected from typical surface water bodies in Beijing. The Pearson coefficients between nine predictors including the absorbance ratio (E2/E3), specific absorption coefficient at 254 nm (SUVA254), fluorescence index (FI), biological index (BIX), humification index (HIX), pH, total organic carbon (TOC), total fluorescence intensity (TFI) and TOC normalized TFI (TFI/TOC) and [Formula: see text] were examined. Correlation patterns for sulfonamides, β-blockers and diclofenac supported the electron transfer pathway, and was distinctly different from those appeared for FQs where quenching effect played a main part. TFI and TFI/TOC were recognized as the most useful surrogates in empirically predicting [Formula: see text] . For PPCPs that went through the electron transfer pathway, [Formula: see text] could be well fit to the Rehm-Weller model assuming a proportional relationship between TFI and △Get. For FQs, [Formula: see text] was found to linearly correlated with TFI/TOC. The [Formula: see text] values determined in this study enrich the database of PPCPs photolysis parameters, and the correlation analysis provides reference for forecasting PPCPs fate in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roujia Du
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qianxin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Frank Leresche
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Mengmeng Zhong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shubo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fernando L Rosario-Ortiz
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environmental and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
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12
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Guo Z, Kodikara D, Albi LS, Hatano Y, Chen G, Yoshimura C, Wang J. Photodegradation of organic micropollutants in aquatic environment: Importance, factors and processes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:118236. [PMID: 36682233 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions widely occur in the aquatic environment and play fundamental roles in aquatic ecosystems. In particular, solar-induced photodegradation is efficient for many organic micropollutants (OMPs), especially those that cannot undergo hydrolysis or biodegradation, and thus can mitigate chemical pollution. Recent reports indicate that photodegradation may play a more important role than biodegradation in many OMP transformations in the aquatic environment. Photodegradation can be influenced by the water matrix such as pH, inorganic ions, and dissolved organic matter (DOM). The effect of the water matrix such as DOM on photodegradation is complex, and new insights concerning the disparate effects of DOM have recently been reported. In addition, the photodegradation process is also influenced by physical factors such as latitude, water depth, and temporal variations in sunlight as these factors determine the light conditions. However, it remains challenging to gain an overview of the importance of photodegradation in the aquatic environment because the reactions involved are diverse and complex. Therefore, this review provides a concise summary of the importance of photodegradation and the major processes related to the photodegradation of OMPs, with particular attention given to recent progress on the major reactions of DOM. In addition, major knowledge gaps in this field of environmental photochemistry are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Dilini Kodikara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Luthfia Shofi Albi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yuta Hatano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
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13
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D’Andrilli J, Silverman V, Buckley S, Rosario-Ortiz FL. Inferring Ecosystem Function from Dissolved Organic Matter Optical Properties: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11146-11161. [PMID: 35917372 PMCID: PMC9387109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, the optical property community has shifted from conducting dissolved organic matter (DOM) measurements on new complex mixtures in natural and engineered systems to furthering ecosystem understanding in the context of past, present, and future carbon (C) cycling regimes. However, the appropriate use of optical properties to understand DOM behavior in complex biogeochemical systems is of recent debate. This critical review provides an extensive survey of DOM optical property literature across atmospheric, marine, and terrestrial biospheres using a categorical approach that probes each biosphere and its subdivisions. Using this approach, a rubric of ecosystem variables, such as productive nature, C cycling rate, C inputs, and water quality, sets the foundation for interpreting commonly used optical property DOM metrics such as fluorescence index (FI), humification index (HIX), and specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254). Case studies and a meta-analysis of each biosphere and subdivision found substantial overlap and characteristic distributions corresponding to ecosystem context for FI, HIX, and SUVA254, signifying chromophores and fluorophores from different ecosystems may be more similar than originally thought. This review challenges researchers to consider ecosystem connectivity when applying optical property results rather than making traditional "if this, then that" results-style conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana D’Andrilli
- Louisiana
Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Highway 56, Chauvin, Louisiana 70344, United States
- . Phone: (985) 851-2876. Fax: (985) 851-2874
| | - Victoria Silverman
- Louisiana
Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Highway 56, Chauvin, Louisiana 70344, United States
- University
of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton Street, San Francisco, California 94117, United States
| | - Shelby Buckley
- Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Environmental
Engineering Program, University of Colorado
Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United
States
| | - Fernando L. Rosario-Ortiz
- Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Environmental
Engineering Program, University of Colorado
Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United
States
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14
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Wang X, Lin X, Qiu H, Xie J, Lu Z, Wang Y, Wu W. Light-mediated CO2-responsiveness of metallopolymer microgels. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Wasswa J, Driscoll CT, Zeng T. Contrasting Impacts of Photochemical and Microbial Processing on the Photoreactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter in an Adirondack Lake Watershed. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1688-1701. [PMID: 35041388 PMCID: PMC8812123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical and microbial processing are the prevailing mechanisms that shape the composition and reactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM); however, prior research has not comparatively evaluated the impacts of these processes on the photoproduction of reactive intermediates (RIs) from freshly sourced terrestrial DOM. We performed controlled irradiation and incubation experiments with leaf and soil samples collected from an acid-impacted lake watershed in the Adirondack Mountain region of New York to examine the effects of DOM processing on the apparent quantum yields of RIs (Φapp,RI), including excited triplet states of DOM (3DOM*), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Photodegradation led to net reductions in Φapp,1O2, Φapp,3DOM*, and Φapp,•OH, whereas (photo-)biodegradation resulted in increases in Φapp,1O2 and Φapp,3DOM*. Photodegradation and (photo-)biodegradation also shifted the energy distribution of 3DOM* in different directions. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed the potential relevance of photo-biodegradation in driving changes in Φapp,1O2 and Φapp,3DOM* and prioritized five bulk DOM optical and redox properties that best explained the variations in Φapp,1O2 and Φapp,3DOM* along the watershed terrestrial-aquatic continuum. Our findings highlight the contrasting impacts of photochemical and microbial processes on the photoreactivity of freshly sourced terrestrial DOM and invite further studies to develop a more holistic understanding of their implications for aquatic photochemistry.
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16
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Leresche F, Vialykh EA, Rosario-Ortiz FL. Computational Calculation of Dissolved Organic Matter Absorption Spectra. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:491-500. [PMID: 34905334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The absorption spectrum of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a topic of interest to environmental scientists and engineers as it can be used to assess both the concentration and physicochemical properties of DOM. In this study, the UV-vis spectra for DOM model compounds were calculated using time-dependent density functional theory. Summing these individual spectra, it was possible to re-create the observed exponential shape of the DOM absorption spectra. Additionally, by predicting the effects of sodium borohydride reduction on the model compounds and then calculating the UV-vis absorbance spectra of the reduced compounds, it was also possible to correctly predict the effects of borohydride reduction on DOM absorbance spectra with a relatively larger decrease in absorbance at longer wavelengths. The contribution of charge-transfer (CT) interactions to DOM absorption was also evaluated, and the calculations showed that intra-molecular CT interactions could take place, while inter-molecular CT interactions were proposed to be less likely to contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Leresche
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Elena A Vialykh
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Fernando L Rosario-Ortiz
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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17
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Song F, Li T, Shi Q, Guo F, Bai Y, Wu F, Xing B. Novel Insights into the Molecular-Level Mechanism Linking the Chemical Diversity and Copper Binding Heterogeneity of Biochar-Derived Dissolved Black Carbon and Dissolved Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11624-11636. [PMID: 34197711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar-derived dissolved black carbon (DBC) varies in chemical composition and significantly affects the environmental fate of metal ions. However, the intrinsic molecular composition of DBC fractions and their molecular interaction mechanisms with metal ions remain unclear. We propose a novel, molecular-level covariant binding mechanism to comparatively interpret the heterogeneities, active sites, and sequential responses of copper binding with molecular compounds in DBC and natural dissolved organic matter (DOM). Relatively large proportions of lipid/aliphatic/peptide-like compounds with low mass distributions and lignin-like compounds with oxidized/unsaturated groups existed in acidic- and alkaline-extracted DBC, respectively. A larger percentage of tannin-like/condensed aromatic compounds and higher average conditional stability constants (logK̅Cu) of visible fluorescent components were found for DOM than for DBC. Overall, 200-320 Da and 320-480 Da molecular components contributed significantly to the logK̅Cu values of UVA and visible fluorescent components, respectively, in DBC/DOM. Nitrogenous groups likely exhibited stronger binding affinities than phenolic/carboxylic groups. The sequential copper-binding responses of molecular compounds in DBC/DOM generally followed the order lipid/aliphatic/peptide-like compounds → tannin-like compounds → condensed aromatic compounds. These insights will improve the prediction of the potential effects of DBC on various contaminants and the risks of biochar application to ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10012, China
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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18
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Yakimov BP, Rubekina AA, Budylin GS, Zherebker AY, Kompanets VO, Chekalin SV, Vainer YG, Fadeev VV, Gorbunov MY, Perminova IV, Shirshin EA. Ultrafast Energy Transfer Determines the Formation of Fluorescence in DOM and Humic Substances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10365-10377. [PMID: 34260209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Humification is a ubiquitous natural process of biomass degradation that creates multicomponent systems of nonliving organic matter, including dissolved organic matter (DOM) and humic substances (HS) in water environments, soils, and organic rocks. Despite significant differences in molecular composition, the optical properties of DOM and HS are remarkably similar, and the reason for this remains largely unknown. Here, we employed fluorescence spectroscopy with (sub)picosecond resolution to elucidate the role of electronic interactions within DOM and HS. We revealed an ultrafast decay component with a characteristic decay lifetime of 0.5-1.5 ps and spectral diffusion originating from excitation energy transfer (EET) in the system. The rate of EET was positively correlated to the fraction of aromatic species and tightness of aromatic species packing. Diminishing the number of EET donor-acceptor pairs by reduction with NaBH4 (decrease of the acceptor number), decrease of pH (decrease of the electron-donating ability), or decrease of the average particle size by filtration (less donor-acceptor pairs within a particle) resulted in a lower impact of the ultrafast component on fluorescence decay. Our results uncover the role of electronic coupling among fluorophores in the formation of DOM and HS optical properties and provide a framework for studying photophysical processes in heterogeneous systems of natural fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris P Yakimov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Street, 8-2, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Rubekina
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb S Budylin
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Street, 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Y Zherebker
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 3 Nobel Street, Skolkovo, 143026 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor O Kompanets
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Street, 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Chekalin
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Street, 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri G Vainer
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Street, 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V Fadeev
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Y Gorbunov
- Environmental Biology and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 57 US Highway 1, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8554, United States
| | - Irina V Perminova
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Shirshin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Street, 8-2, 119048 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Street, 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
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19
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Li H, McKay G. Relationships between the Physicochemical Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter and Its Reaction with Sodium Borohydride. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10843-10851. [PMID: 34291922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of dissolved organic matter (DOM) with sodium borohydride has been used to understand the geographic origin of DOM and investigate the photophysical model underlying DOM's optical properties. However, the physicochemical properties of DOM (e.g., molecular size and charge) that influence the kinetics and ultimate reducibility of DOM by borohydride remain poorly characterized. Herein, we studied the kinetics of DOM-borohydride reactions by recording absorbance and fluorescence spectra at a high temporal frequency (every ∼10 min for 24 h) for a diverse set of DOM isolates of aquatic and soil origin. The reducibility of DOM by sodium borohydride (as judged by relative removal of initial absorbance) varied appreciably among the DOM samples studied, with soil humic substances being less reducible than aquatic humic substances and natural organic matter. While statistically significant correlations were found between the reducibility of DOM and descriptors of molecular size, these descriptors were not able to differentiate the reducibility of soil versus aquatic DOM isolates that had similar bulk properties. Thus, it appears that the extent of absorbance removal by borohydride is largely driven by the origin of the humic substance isolate (aquatic vs soil) instead of molecular size or charge. Borohydride reduction resulted in increased fluorescence emission across UV and visible excitation wavelengths. However, the enhanced emission at visible excitation decreased over a time period of hours to days, suggesting that reduction of an important subset of DOM chromophores is reversible. This reversibility in fluorescence emission is consistent with the small role of quinones in the absorbance of DOM but suggests a more important role for quinone-containing charge-transfer contacts in the fluorescence of DOM, particularly at visible excitation wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Garrett McKay
- Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
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20
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Ossola R, Jönsson OM, Moor K, McNeill K. Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yields in Environmental Waters. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4100-4146. [PMID: 33683861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is a reactive oxygen species produced in sunlit waters via energy transfer from the triplet states of natural sensitizers. There has been an increasing interest in measuring apparent 1O2 quantum yields (ΦΔ) of aquatic and atmospheric organic matter samples, driven in part by the fact that this parameter can be used for environmental fate modeling of organic contaminants and to advance our understanding of dissolved organic matter photophysics. However, the lack of reproducibility across research groups and publications remains a challenge that significantly limits the usability of literature data. In the first part of this review, we critically evaluate the experimental techniques that have been used to determine ΦΔ values of natural organic matter, we identify and quantify sources of errors that potentially explain the large variability in the literature, and we provide general experimental recommendations for future studies. In the second part, we provide a qualitative overview of known ΦΔ trends as a function of organic matter type, isolation and extraction procedures, bulk water chemistry parameters, molecular and spectroscopic organic matter features, chemical treatments, wavelength, season, and location. This review is supplemented with a comprehensive database of ΦΔ values of environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Ossola
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oskar Martin Jönsson
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kyle Moor
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, 84322 Logan, Utah, United States
| | - Kristopher McNeill
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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21
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Wünsch UJ, Murphy K. A simple method to isolate fluorescence spectra from small dissolved organic matter datasets. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116730. [PMID: 33348069 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex pool of compounds with a key role in the global carbon cycle. To understand its role in natural and engineered systems, efficient approaches are necessary for tracking DOM quality and quantity. Fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) is very widely used to identify and quantify different fractions of DOM as proxies of DOM source, concentration and biogeochemical processing. A major limitation of the PARAFAC approach is the requirement for a large data set containing many variable samples in which the fractions vary independently. This severely curtails the possibilities to study fluorescence composition and behavior in small or unique datasets. Herein, we present a simple and inexpensive experimental procedure that makes it possible to mathematically decompose a small dataset containing only highly-correlated fluorescent fractions. The approach, which uses widely-available commercial extraction sorbents and previously established protocols to expand the original dataset and inject the missing chemical variability, can be widely implemented at low cost. A demonstration of the procedure shows how a robust six-component PARAFAC model can be extracted from even a river-water dataset with only five bulk samples. Widespread adoption of the procedure for analyzing small fluorescence datasets is needed to confirm the suspected ubiquity of certain DOM fluorescence fractions and to create a shared inventory of ubiquitous components. Such an inventory could greatly simplify and improve the use of fluorescence as a tool to investigate biogeochemical processing of DOM in diverse water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban J Wünsch
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Sven Hultins Gata 6, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kathleen Murphy
- Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Sven Hultins Gata 6, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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22
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Vialykh EA, McKay G, Rosario-Ortiz FL. Computational Assessment of the Three-Dimensional Configuration of Dissolved Organic Matter Chromophores and Influence on Absorption Spectra. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15904-15913. [PMID: 33269593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional configuration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important factor in determining the role of DOM in natural and engineered systems, yet there is still considerable uncertainty regarding the formation and potential stability of molecular aggregates within DOM. In this paper, we describe a computational assessment of the three-dimensional configuration of DOM. Specifically, we were interested in evaluating the hypothesis that DOM forms thermodynamically stable molecular aggregates that as a result were potentially shielded from water solvent molecules. Molecular dynamics simulations of DOM model compounds carefully selected based on ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry data revealed that, while DOM does indeed form molecular aggregates, the large majority of molecules (especially, O-atom bearing molecules) are solvent accessible. Additionally, these computations revealed that molecular aggregates are weak and dissociate when placed in organic solvents (tetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether). Time-dependent density functional theory calculations demonstrated long-wavelength absorbance for both model DOM chromophores and their molecular aggregates. This study has important implications for determining the origin of DOM optical properties and for enhancing our collective understanding of DOM three-dimensional structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Vialykh
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Garrett McKay
- Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Fernando L Rosario-Ortiz
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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23
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Wasswa J, Driscoll CT, Zeng T. Photochemical Characterization of Surface Waters from Lakes in the Adirondack Region of New York. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10654-10667. [PMID: 32786602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Adirondack Mountain region of New York, a historical hotspot for atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition, features abundant lakes that are experiencing browning associated with recovery from acidification. Yet, much remains unknown about the photoreactivity of Adirondack lake waters. We quantified the apparent quantum yields (Φapp,RI) of photochemically produced reactive intermediates (RIs), such as excited triplet states of dissolved organic matter (3DOM*), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH), for surface waters collected from 16 representative Adirondack lakes. Φapp,3DOM* and Φapp,1O2 for native Adirondack lake waters fell within ranges reported for whole waters and DOM isolates from various sources, while Φapp,•OH were substantially lower than those measured for other aquatic samples. Orthogonal partial least squares and multiple linear regression analyses identified the spectral slope coefficient from 290 to 400 nm (S290-400) as the most effective predictor of Φapp,RI among measured water chemistry parameters and bulk DOM properties. Φapp,RI also exhibited divergent responses to controlled pH adjustment and aluminum or iron addition simulating hypothetical scenarios relevant to past and future water chemistry conditions of Adirondack lakes. This study highlights the need for continued research on changes in photoreactivity of acid-impacted aquatic ecosystems in response to browning and subsequent impacts on photochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wasswa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Charles T Driscoll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Teng Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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