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Yoon SY, Kim SW, Hyun TK. The influence of spatial distribution and transcriptional regulation of secondary metabolites on the bioactivities of Adenophora triphylla (Japanese lady bell). Heliyon 2024; 10:e37898. [PMID: 39323821 PMCID: PMC11422053 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The distribution of secondary metabolites in plant tissues plays a crucial role in determining their pharmacological properties. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of the bioactive compounds in Adenophora triphylla, a medicinal herb with diverse therapeutic applications. The anti-inflammatory properties of the EtOAc fraction from the aerial part extract (A_ EtF) exhibited an IC50 value of 27.2 ± 2.3 μg/mL, significantly surpassing that of the EtOAc fraction from the root extract (R_EtF) with an IC50 of 38.9 ± 2.9 μg/mL. Similarly, the anti-melanogenic activity of A_EtF (IC50 = 68.9 ± 2.3 μg/mL) outperformed that of R_EtF (IC50 = 90.0 ± 5.5 μg/mL). Analysis of the distinct chemical profiles of these tissues using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS revealed that the distribution of secondary metabolites contributes to the observed variations in pharmacological properties between the aerial parts and roots. Transcriptome analysis further elucidated spatially regulated genes associated with secondary metabolism, highlighting the role of AbtYABBYs as potential regulators of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. To validate their function, these genes were transiently expressed in tobacco leaves via agro-infiltration, confirming their role in modulating polyphenolic compound biosynthesis. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding spatial gene expression patterns for harnessing the complete pharmacological potential of medicinal plants. This study provides valuable insights into the spatial regulation of secondary metabolism and lays the groundwork for targeted manipulation of plant bioactivity for therapeutic and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Young Yoon
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Woong Kim
- Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Hyun
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
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Narimisa N, Razavi S, Khoshbayan A, Gharaghani S, Jazi FM. Targeting lon protease to inhibit persister cell formation in Salmonella Typhimurium: a drug repositioning approach. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1427312. [PMID: 39301287 PMCID: PMC11410781 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1427312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Persister cells are a specific subset of bacteria capable of surviving exposure to lethal doses of antibiotics, leading to antibiotic therapy failures and infection relapses. This research explores the utilization of drug repositioning to target the Lon protease in Salmonella Typhimurium. Method In this study, FDA-approved drugs sourced from the Drug Bank database were screened to identify existing pharmaceuticals with the potential to combat the Lon protease. The formation of persister cells in the presence of antibiotics, as well as the combination of antibiotics with potential Lon protease inhibitors, was examined. Furthermore, the expression of type II toxin-antitoxin system genes was analyzed to enhance our comprehension of the inhibitors' effects. Result Molecular docking analysis revealed that Diosmin and Nafcillin exhibited strong binding affinity to the Lon protease. Molecular dynamics simulation trajectories analysis demonstrated that the interaction of these ligands with the enzyme did not induce instability; rather, the enzyme's structure remained stable. Combinations of ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin with either Nafcillin or Diosmin led to significant reductions in bacterial cell counts. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these combinations, when compared to antibiotics alone, highlighted the substantial impact of Nafcillin and Diosmin in reducing type II TA system gene expression. Conclusion These findings suggest promising prospects for developing novel therapeutic approaches targeting persister cells to mitigate treatment failures in Salmonella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Narimisa
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Razavi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Khoshbayan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Gharaghani
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Drug Design (LBD), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faramarz Masjedian Jazi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang Y, Ye X, Su W, Yan C, Pan H, Wang X, Shao S. Diosmin ameliorates inflammation, apoptosis and activates PI3K/AKT pathway in Alzheimer's disease rats. Metab Brain Dis 2024:10.1007/s11011-024-01388-7. [PMID: 39105973 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prevalent cognitive disorder among the elderly, is frequently linked to the abnormal accumulation of myloid-β (Aβ), which is mainly as a result of neuronal death and inflammation. Diosmin, a flavonoid, is considered a potential drug for the treatment of AD. Our study aimed to uncover the molecular mechanism of diosmin in AD therapy. Here, rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, Aβ25-35, and Aβ25-35 + diosmin groups. AD model rats were induced by Aβ25-35 intraventricular injection, meanwhile 50 mg/kg diosmin was orally administered for 6-week intervention. Morris water maze test assessed learning and memory abilities. Hippocampal neuronal damage was determined by HE, Nissl, and TUNEL staining. These assays indicate that diosmin improves cognitive dysfunction and reduces hippocampal neuronal loss and apoptosis. Western blot showed that diosmin reduced Bax (1.21 ± 0.12) and cleaved caspase-3 (1.27 ± 0.12) expression, and increased Bcl-2 (0.70 ± 0.06), p-PI3K (0.71 ± 0.08), and p-AKT (0.96 ± 0.10) in the hippocampus. ELISA indicated diosmin reduces IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, suggesting anti-inflammation effect. These results suggest that diosmin inhibits neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammatory responses to improve cognitive dysfunction in AD rats, possibly related to upregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, providing a scientific basis for its use in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Xiaojun Ye
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Wenwen Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, CiXi Seventh People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Ci Yan
- Departments of Psychiatry, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Haiyan Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Sen Shao
- Department of Neurology, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 2, Hengbu Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310023, China.
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Cui HJ, Wu YF. The Effects of Different Dosages on Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction's Treatment of Lower Limb Chronic Venous Disease: A Meta-Analysis. J Endovasc Ther 2024:15266028241262700. [PMID: 39066519 DOI: 10.1177/15266028241262700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) is a widely prescribed and extensively investigated venoactive drug (VAD). The standard dosage for MPFF is 500 mg administered twice daily. However, a new daily dose of 1000 mg has just been introduced. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether a daily dose of 1000 mg MPFF could be implemented and embraced by the public and still has the same therapeutic effects as conventional pharmaceuticals. METHODS For this meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, Science of Web, Cochrane, and PubMed databases and forward and backward citations for studies published between database inception and March 2023. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of comparison of different dosages of MPFF to evaluate whether there is a significant difference between them were included, without language or date restrictions. Due to the small sample size of the study included, we conducted a simple sensitivity test using a one-by-one exclusion method, and the results showed that the study did not affect the final consolidation conclusion. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. RESULTS Out of 232 studies, 99 were eligible and 39 RCTs had data, all with low to moderate bias. Overall, 1924 patients (experimental group: 967, control group: 957) in 3 RCTs met the criteria. There is no significant difference in patient compliance, efficacy, clinical adverse events, and quality of life scores between MPFF 1000 mg once daily and MPFF 500 mg twice daily (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.049 [0.048, 0.145], p=0.321, risk ratio [RR]: 0.981 [0.855, 1.125], p=0.904, and SMD: 0.063 [0.034, 0.160], p=0.203). INTERPRETATION In symptomatic chronic venous disease patients, MPFF 1000 mg once daily and MPFF 500 mg twice daily improve patient compliance, lower limb discomfort, clinical adverse events, and quality of life scores similarly. Regular medical care should recommend MPFF 1000 mg daily more often. CLINICAL IMPACT Micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) is a popular venoactive medication (VAD) in modern medicine.MPFF is effective in treating lower extremity venous problems.Currently, besides conventional 500 mg tablets, there exist alternative dosage forms such as solutions, chewable tablets, and other novel formulations for MPFF.The excessive frequency and amount of medication may have a negative impact on patient adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Cui
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Feng Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Zhang M, Liu X, Zhang X, Pan P, Tan R, Jiang H. Quality assessment and Q-markers discovery in Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by integrating serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:1017-1035. [PMID: 38369680 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus (CSF), a common fruit and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been hindered in its further development and research owing to the lack of comprehensive and specific quality evaluation standards. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to establish clear TCM quality standards related to the therapeutic mechanisms of CSF and to provide a basis for subsequent research and development. METHODS Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-orbitrap HRMS) technology was used to comprehensively identify CSF components and explore their absorbance levels in rat serum. Network pharmacology research methods were employed to investigate the potential mechanisms of action of the identified components in the treatment of major clinical diseases. Subsequently, a combination of HPLC chromatographic fingerprinting for qualitative analysis and multi-index content determination was used to evaluate the detectability of the identified quality markers (Q-markers). RESULTS Twenty-six prototype components were tentatively characterized in rat serum. Network pharmacology analysis showed six effective components, namely 7-hydroxycoumarin, isoscopoletin, diosmin, hesperidin, 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, and bergapten, which played important roles in the treatment of chronic gastritis, functional dyspepsia, peptic ulcer, and depression and were preliminarily identified as Q-markers. The results of content determination in 15 batches of CSF indicated significant differences in the content of medicinal materials from different origins. However, compared with the preliminarily determined Q-markers, all six components could be measured and were determined as Q-markers of CSF. CONCLUSION The chemical Q-markers obtained in this study could be used for effective quality control of CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Irradiation Preservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy, Chengdu, China
| | - Pingchuan Pan
- Irradiation Preservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Tan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hezhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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Xuan F, Jin R, Zhou W, Ye Y, Ren Y, Lu J, Chen A. LncRNA SNHG12 promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of granulosa cells in polycystic ovarian syndrome by sponging miR-129 and miR-125b. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:72. [PMID: 38566229 PMCID: PMC10986130 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disease in women of childbearing age which is often associated with abnormal proliferation or apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs). Studies proved that long non-coding RNA SNHG12 (lncRNA SNHG12) is significantly increased in ovarian cancer and cervical cancer patients and cells. The inhibition of lncRNA SNHG12 restrains the proliferation, migration, and invasion in tumor cells. OBJECTIVE This study explores the role of lncRNA SNHG12 in the apoptosis of GCs in PCOS and the underlying regulated mechanism. METHODS In this study, the injection of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) successfully induced the PCOS model in SD rats. The human granulosa-like tumor cell line KGN was incubated with insulin to assess the effects of lncRNA SNHG12 on GC proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS Overexpression of lncRNA SNHG12 influenced the body weight, ovary weight, gonadal hormone, and pathological changes, restrained the expressions of microRNA (miR)-129 and miR-125b, while downregulation of lncRNA SNHG12 exerted the opposite effects in PCOS rats. After silencing lncRNA SNHG12 in cells, the cell viability and proliferation were lessened whereas apoptosis of cells was increased. A loss-of-functions test was implemented by co-transfecting miR-129 and miR-125b inhibitors into lncRNA SNHG12-knocking down cells to analyze the effects on cell viability and apoptosis. Next, the existence of binding sites of SNHG12 and miR-129/miR-125b was proved based on the pull-down assay. CONCLUSION lncRNA SNHG12 might be a potential regulatory factor for the development of PCOS by sponging miR-129 and miR-125b in GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilan Xuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China
| | - Ruiying Jin
- Department of Gynecology, Jiaojiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Weimei Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiaojiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Yongju Ye
- Department of Gynecology, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China
| | - Yuefang Ren
- Department of Gynecology, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Jiali Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Aixue Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Changxing People's Hospital of Chongming District, No.1008 Fengfu Road, Changxing Town, Chongming District, Shanghai, 201913, China.
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Lashgari NA, Khayatan D, Roudsari NM, Momtaz S, Dehpour AR, Abdolghaffari AH. Therapeutic approaches for cholestatic liver diseases: the role of nitric oxide pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1433-1454. [PMID: 37736835 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis describes bile secretion or flow impairment, which is clinically manifested with fatigue, pruritus, and jaundice. Neutrophils play a crucial role in many diseases such as cholestasis liver diseases through mediating several oxidative and inflammatory pathways. Data have been collected from clinical, in vitro, and in vivo studies published between 2000 and December 2021 in English and obtained from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane libraries. Although nitric oxide plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver diseases, excessive levels of NO in serum and affected tissues, mainly synthesized by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme, can exacerbate inflammation. NO induces the inflammatory and oxidative processes, which finally leads to cell damage. We found that natural products such as baicalin, curcumin, resveratrol, and lycopene, as well as chemical likes ursodeoxycholic acid, dexamethasone, rosuvastatin, melatonin, and sildenafil, are able to markedly attenuate the NO production and iNOS expression, mainly through inducing the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), and toll like receptor-4 (TLR4) signaling pathways. This study summarizes the latest scientific data about the bile acid signaling pathway, the neutrophil chemotaxis recruitment process during cholestasis, and the role of NO in cholestasis liver diseases. Literature review directed us to propose that suppression of NO and its related pathways could be a therapeutic option for preventing or treating cholestatic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser-Aldin Lashgari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran, Iran, P. O. Box: 19419-33111
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Khayatan
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran, Iran, P. O. Box: 19419-33111
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran, Iran, P. O. Box: 19419-33111
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran, Iran, P. O. Box: 19419-33111.
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Zhao WM, Li XL, Zhu Y, Shi R, Wang ZJ, Xiao JP, Wang DG. Diosmin ameliorates renal fibrosis through inhibition of inflammation by regulating SIRT3-mediated NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:29. [PMID: 38195573 PMCID: PMC10777592 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is considered an irreversible pathological process and the ultimate common pathway for the development of all types of chronic kidney diseases and renal failure. Diosmin is a natural flavonoid glycoside that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activities. However, whether Diosmin protects kidneys by inhibiting renal fibrosis is unknown. We aimed to investigate the role of Diosmin in renal interstitial fibrosis and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The UUO mouse model was established and gavaged with Diosmin (50 mg/kg·d and 100 mg/kg·d) for 14 days. HE staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and PCR were used to assess renal tissue injury and fibrosis. Elisa kits were used to detect the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the activity of SIRT3 in renal tissues. In addition, enrichment maps of RNA sequencing analyzed changes in signaling pathways. In vitro, human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were stimulated with TGF-β1 and then treated with diosmin (75 μM). The protein and mRNA expression levels of SIRT3 were detected in the cells. In addition, 3-TYP (selective inhibitor of SIRT3) and SIRT3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to reduce SIRT3 levels in HK-2. RESULTS Diosmin attenuated UUO-induced renal fibrosis and TGF-β1-induced HK-2 fibrosis. In addition, Diosmin reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in kidney tissues and supernatants of HK-2 medium. Interestingly, Diosmin administration increased the enzymatic activity of SIRT3 in UUO kidneys. In addition, Diosmin significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of SIRT3 in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of SIRT3 expression using 3-TYP or SIRT3 siRNA abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of diosmin in HK-2 cells. Enrichment map analysis by RNA sequencing indicates that the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway was inhibited in the Diosmin intervention group. Furthermore, we found that TGF-β1 increased the nuclear expression of nuclear NF-κB p65 but had little significant effect on the total intracellular expression of NF-κB p65. Additionally, Diosmin reduced TGF-β1-caused NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Knockdown of SIRT3 expression by SIRT3 siRNA increased the nuclear expression of NF-κB p65 and abolished the inhibition effect of Diosmin in NF-κB p65 expression. CONCLUSIONS Diosmin reduces renal inflammation and fibrosis, which is contributed by inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65 through activating SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Man Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xun-Liang Li
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Juan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian-Ping Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Guang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Yuan D, Guo Y, Pu F, Yang C, Xiao X, Du H, He J, Lu S. Opportunities and challenges in enhancing the bioavailability and bioactivity of dietary flavonoids: A novel delivery system perspective. Food Chem 2024; 430:137115. [PMID: 37566979 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids have multiple favorable bioactivities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor. Currently, flavonoid-containing dietary supplements are widely tested in clinical trials for the prevention and/or treatment of multiple diseases. However, the clinical application of flavonoids is largely compromised by their low bioavailability and bioactivity, probably due to their poor aqueous solubility, intensive metabolism, and low systemic absorption. Therefore, formulating flavonoids into novel delivery systems is a promising approach for overcoming these drawbacks. In this review, we highlight the opportunities and challenges in the clinical use of dietary flavonoids from the perspective of novel delivery systems. First, the classification, sources, and bioactivity of dietary flavonoids are described. Second, the progress of clinical research on flavonoid-based dietary supplements is systematically summarized. Finally, novel delivery systems developed to improve the bioavailability and bioactivity of flavonoids are discussed in detail to broaden the clinical application of dietary flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yujie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Feiyan Pu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Can Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Xuecheng Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Du
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Jianhua He
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Shan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
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Barrera-Vázquez OS, Escobar-Ramírez JL, Santiago-Mejía J, Carrasco-Ortega OF, Magos-Guerrero GA. Discovering Potential Compounds for Venous Disease Treatment through Virtual Screening and Network Pharmacology Approach. Molecules 2023; 28:7937. [PMID: 38138427 PMCID: PMC10745828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral venous hypertension has emerged as a prominent characteristic of venous disease (VD). This disease causes lower limb edema due to impaired blood transport in the veins. The phlebotonic drugs in use showed moderate evidence for reducing edema slightly in the lower legs and little or no difference in the quality of life. To enhance the probability of favorable experimental results, a virtual screening procedure was employed to identify molecules with potential therapeutic activity in VD. Compounds obtained from multiple databases, namely AC Discovery, NuBBE, BIOFACQUIM, and InflamNat, were compared with reference compounds. The examination of structural similarity, targets, and signaling pathways in venous diseases allows for the identification of compounds with potential usefulness in VD. The computational tools employed were rcdk and chemminer from R-Studio and Cytoscape. An extended fingerprint analysis allowed us to obtain 1846 from 41,655 compounds compiled. Only 229 compounds showed pharmacological targets in the PubChem server, of which 84 molecules interacted with the VD network. Because of their descriptors and multi-target capacity, only 18 molecules of 84 were identified as potential candidates for experimental evaluation. We opted to evaluate the berberine compound because of its affordability, and extensive literature support. The experiment showed the proposed activity in an acute venous hypertension model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gil Alfonso Magos-Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University National Autonomous of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (O.S.B.-V.); (J.L.E.-R.); (J.S.-M.); (O.F.C.-O.)
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11
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Cao X, Shi K, Xu Y, Zhang P, Zhang H, Pan S. Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology to reveal antioxidant mechanisms and potential pharmacological ingredients of citrus herbs. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113514. [PMID: 37986422 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of citrus herbs are strongly associated with their secondary metabolites. In the study, we conducted widely-targeted metabolomics and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) to compare the variability of ingredients in four citrus herbs. In total, we discovered 1126 secondary metabolites, primarily comprising flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and coumarins, and alkaloids. Differential metabolites of citrus herbs were searched by multivariate statistical analysis. Notably, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium contained higher levels of flavonoids, while Zhique and Huajuhong demonstrated a greater abundance of coumarins. Among the flavonoids determined by UPLC, Guangchenpi demonstrated significantly elevated levels of polymethoxyflavones (tangeretin and nobiletin) compared to other citrus herbs. Additionally, we determined their antioxidant capacity (Chenpi > Guangchenpi > Huajuhong > Zhique) using in vitro assays. Finally, we utilized network pharmacology to explore the antioxidant mechanisms and potential pharmacological ingredients, providing a basis for future preventive and therapeutic applications of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Kaixin Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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12
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Tanaka T, Aoki R, Terasaki M. Potential Chemopreventive Effects of Dietary Combination of Phytochemicals against Cancer Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1591. [PMID: 38004456 PMCID: PMC10674766 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Over 70% of epithelial malignancies are sporadic and are related to lifestyle. Epidemiological studies suggest an inverse correlation between cancer incidence and fruit and vegetable intake. Numerous preclinical studies using in vitro (cell lines) and in vivo animal models of oncogenesis have reported the chemopreventive effects of dietary phytochemical agents through alterations in different biomarkers and signaling pathways. However, there is contrasting evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials. To date, the most studied compounds include curcumin, resveratrol, isoflavones, green tea extract (epigallocatechin gallate), black raspberry powder (anthocyanins and ellagitannins), bilberry extract (anthocyanins), ginger extract (gingerol derivatives), and pomegranate extract (ellagitannins and ellagic acid). Overall, the clinical evidence of the preventive effects of dietary phytochemicals against cancer development is still weak, and the amount of these phytochemicals needed to exert chemopreventive effects largely exceeds the common dietary doses. Therefore, we propose a combination treatment of natural compounds that are used clinically for another purpose in order to obtain excess inhibitory efficacy via low-dose administration and discuss the possible reasons behind the gap between preclinical research and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, 7-1 Kashima-cho, Gifu 500-8513, Japan;
| | - Ryogo Aoki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, 7-1 Kashima-cho, Gifu 500-8513, Japan;
| | - Masaru Terasaki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan;
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
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13
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Rong J, Fu F, Han C, Wu Y, Xia Q, Du D. Tectorigenin: A Review of Its Sources, Pharmacology, Toxicity, and Pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2023; 28:5904. [PMID: 37570873 PMCID: PMC10421414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tectorigenin is a well-known natural flavonoid aglycone and an active component that exists in numerous plants. Growing evidence suggests that tectorigenin has multiple pharmacological effects, such as anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective. These pharmacological properties provide the basis for the treatment of many kinds of illnesses, including several types of cancer, diabetes, hepatic fibrosis, osteoarthritis, Alzheimer's disease, etc. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive summary and review of the sources, extraction and synthesis, pharmacological effects, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and delivery strategy aspects of tectorigenin. Tectorigenin may exert certain cytotoxicity, which is related to the administration time and concentration. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that the main metabolic pathways in rats for tectorigenin are glucuronidation, sulfation, demethylation and methoxylation, but that it exhibits poor bioavailability. From our perspective, further research on tectorigenin should cover: exploring the pharmacological targets and mechanisms of action; finding an appropriate concentration to balance pharmacological effects and toxicity; attempting diversified delivery strategies to improve the bioavailability; and structural modification to obtain tectorigenin derivatives with higher pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rong
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.R.); (C.H.)
| | - Fei Fu
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (F.F.); (Y.W.)
| | - Chenxia Han
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.R.); (C.H.)
| | - Yaling Wu
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (F.F.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qing Xia
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.R.); (C.H.)
| | - Dan Du
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.R.); (C.H.)
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (F.F.); (Y.W.)
- Proteomics-Metabolomics Platform, Research Core Facility, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Centre, Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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14
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Lu Q, Xie Y, Luo J, Gong Q, Li C. Natural flavones from edible and medicinal plants exhibit enormous potential to treat ulcerative colitis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1168990. [PMID: 37324477 PMCID: PMC10268007 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1168990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic aspecific gut inflammatory disorder that primarily involves the recta and colons. It mostly presents as a long course of repeated attacks. This disease, characterized by intermittent diarrhoea, fecal blood, stomachache, and tenesmus, severely decreases the living quality of sick persons. UC is difficult to heal, has a high recurrence rate, and is tightly related to the incidence of colon cancer. Although there are a number of drugs available for the suppression of colitis, the conventional therapy possesses certain limitations and severe adverse reactions. Thus, it is extremely required for safe and effective medicines for colitis, and naturally derived flavones exhibited huge prospects. This study focused on the advancement of naturally derived flavones from edible and pharmaceutical plants for treating colitis. The underlying mechanisms of natural-derived flavones in treating UC were closely linked to the regulation of enteric barrier function, immune-inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, gut microflora, and SCFAs production. The prominent effects and safety of natural-derived flavones make them promising candidate drugs for colitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yuhong Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jingbin Luo
- China Traditional Chinese Medicine Holdings Company Limited, Foshan, China
| | - Qihai Gong
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Cailan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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15
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Gutiérrez-Reinoso MA, Uquilla JB, Guamaní JL, Caiza ÁE, Carrera RP, Garcia-Herreros M. Intramammary Infusion of Micronised Purified Flavonoid Fraction (MPFF) in Mastitis-Diagnosed Dairy Cows Naturally Infected by Staphylococcus spp. in the Late Lactation. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050335. [PMID: 37235418 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious mastitis is the most prevalent health problem in dairy cattle that can result in permanent economic losses on dairy farms. The micronised purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) is a biocompatible active polyphenolic compound derived from flavonoid glycosides which exhibits several antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and phlebotonic properties. The goal was to assess the effects of an alternative therapy for mastitis based on MPFF intramammary infusions in late lactation in dairy cows naturally infected by Staphylococcus spp. The California Mastitis Test (CMT scores) was performed to detect mastitis-positive quarters in twelve dairy farms. All cows were screened for immune response by measuring somatic cell counts (SCCs; cells/mL) in milk samples from each quarter. In addition, bacteriological identification, pathogenic bacterial isolates, and total bacterial counts (TBCs; CFU/mL) were assessed before (day 0, last milking day) and after (day 3 post-calving) MPFF application. Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of the pathogenic isolated bacteria were evaluated. Finally, cure rates (%) were determined for each MPFF treatment. Around 15 mastitis-related genera were isolated. Staphylococcus aureus (25.2%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS; 22.4%) were the most prevalent pathogens. No statistical differences were observed in SCCs and TBCs after low, medium, and high MPFF dose administration in S. aureus-positive mastitis cases (p > 0.05). However, differences were observed in SCCs and TBCs after medium and high MPFF dose administration in CNS-positive quarters (p < 0.05). The pathogenic bacteria isolate reduction after MPFF applications showed a dose-response fashion (p < 0.01) while isolates obtained from controls and low MPFF-treated quarters remained similar, irrespective of the pathogen (p > 0.05). Sensitivity patterns were variable, although S. aureus remained resistant, irrespective of the MPFF dose. However, CNS showed a dose-response sensitivity pattern. Finally, the cure rate (%) on day 3 post-partum improved significantly using medium and higher MPFF doses in CNS-positive quarters (p < 0.05). In conclusion, MPFF treatment was found to be more effective for CNS-positive cases in the late lactation due to noticeable dose-specific responses regarding somatic cells, bacterial counts, sensitivity patterns, and cure rates in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Gutiérrez-Reinoso
- Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 0501491 Latacunga, Ecuador
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán (UdeC) 3780000, Chile
| | - José B Uquilla
- Departamento de Asesoría Ganadera, La Holandesa SAS, Quito 170179, Ecuador
| | - Jorge L Guamaní
- Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 0501491 Latacunga, Ecuador
| | - Ángel E Caiza
- Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 0501491 Latacunga, Ecuador
| | - Rocío P Carrera
- Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 0501491 Latacunga, Ecuador
| | - Manuel Garcia-Herreros
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV, I.P.), Polo de Santarém, Quinta da Fonte Boa, 2005-048 Santarém, Portugal
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16
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Diosmin and Bromelain Stimulate Glutathione and Total Thiols Production in Red Blood Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052291. [PMID: 36903535 PMCID: PMC10005239 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diosmin and bromelain are bioactive compounds of plant origin with proven beneficial effects on the human cardiovascular system. We found that diosmin and bromelain slightly reduced total carbonyls levels and had no effect on TBARS levels, as well as slightly increased the total non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity in the RBCs at concentrations of 30 and 60 µg/mL. Diosmin and bromelain induced a significant increase in total thiols and glutathione in the RBCs. Examining the rheological properties of RBCs, we found that both compounds slightly reduce the internal viscosity of the RBCs. Using the MSL (maleimide spin label), we revealed that higher concentrations of bromelain led to a significant decrease in the mobility of this spin label attached to cytosolic thiols in the RBCs, as well as attached to hemoglobin at a higher concentration of diosmin, and for both concentrations of bromelain. Both compounds tended to decrease the cell membrane fluidity in the subsurface area, but not in the deeper regions. An increase in the glutathione concentration and the total level of thiol compounds promotes the protection of the RBCs against oxidative stress, suggesting that both compounds have a stabilizing effect on the cell membrane and improve the rheological properties of the RBCs.
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17
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Tao H, Zhao Y, Li L, He Y, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Hong G. Comparative metabolomics of flavonoids in twenty vegetables reveal their nutritional diversity and potential health benefits. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112384. [PMID: 36737968 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vegetables are rich in flavonoids and are widely consumed in our daily life. However, comprehensive information on flavonoids components in vegetable varieties and the distribution of flavonoids with health-promoting effects in different vegetables are rarely investigated. Here, we analyzed the constitution of flavonoids among 20 vegetables by widely-targeted metabolome analysis. A total of 403 flavonoids were detected and classified as flavonoid, flavonols, anthocyanins, isoflavones, flavonoid carbonoside, dihydroflavone, chalcones, flavanols, dihydroflavonol, tannin, proanthocyanidins, and other flavonoids. Interestingly, we found that the content and types of flavonoids in bean sprouts and hot pepper were relatively abundant, whereas those were lower in carrot, lettuce, and Zizania latifolia. Then, we characterized the representative flavonoids including flavonoid, flavonols, chalcones, and isoflavones, and related them to the health-promoting effects of vegetables. Finally, we examined the relevance of the flavonoids to antioxidant capacity. Both bean sprouts and hot pepper possessed higher antioxidant enzyme activity, which were responsible for their great antioxidant capacity. Our study established a database of major flavonoids components in vegetables and further provides a new hint for the selection and breeding of vegetables based on their health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Linying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yuqing He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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18
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Alfredo MG, Maribel PM, Eloy PR, Susana GE, Luis LGS, Carmen GM. Depigmenting topical therapy based on a synergistic combination of compounds targeting the key pathways involved in melasma pathophysiology. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:611-619. [PMID: 36682042 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Melasma has a complex pathophysiology with different cell types and signalling pathways involved. Paracrine factors secreted by keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells act on melanocytes and stimulate melanogenesis. These paracrine factors are involved in the oxidative stress, inflammatory, vascular and hormonal pathways, among others. Damage of the dermoepidermal barrier also occurs and facilitates melanin deposition in the dermis, also known as dermal or mixed melasma. We used artificial intelligence tools to define the best combination of compounds for skin pigmentation inhibition. Mathematical models suggested the combination of retinol, diosmin and ferulic acid to be the most effective one. In vitro cellular tyrosinase activity assay proved that this combination had a synergistic depigmenting effect. Further assays proved that the combination could inhibit key pathways involved in melasma by downregulating ET-1 and COX-2 gene expression and IBMX-induced dendricity in human melanocytes, and upregulated the gene expression of IL-1b, TIMP3 and several endogenous antioxidant enzymes. The combination also reduced melanin levels in a phototype VI 3D epidermis model. These results indicate that the combination of retinol, diosmin and ferulic acid is an effective synergistic complex for the treatment of melasma by regulating the key molecular pathways involved in skin hyperpigmentation pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luis G S Luis
- Medical Unit, Mesoestetic Pharma Group, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Liu F, Xu J, Yang R, Liu S, Hu S, Yan M, Han F. New light on treatment of cervical cancer: Chinese medicine monomers can be effective for cervical cancer by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114084. [PMID: 36481407 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC), as the most common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, is infamous for its high morbidity and mortality rates. Its development and metastasis are intricate because numerous signaling pathways are involved. Since the cancer and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway are closely intertwined, direct inhibition of either the PI3K/Akt pathway or its target genes and molecules may be remarkably constructive for treatment. Albeit remarkable advances in the treatment of CC, existing common anti-cancer medications are not without problems. These problems include myelotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, genotoxicity, and vasospasm, which are the most common and well-recognized toxicities associated with these medications. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to develop novel, potent, secure, and more reasonably priced anticancer medications that are void of the above problems. Against this backdrop, Chinese medicine monomers have received more attention in recent years owing to their safety, low toxicity, few side effects, and anti-tumor properties. By regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, Chinese medicine monomers are effective not only in inhibiting CC growth, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and reversing drug resistance but also in a variety of targets. Most previous earlier studies focused on the use of a single traditional Chinese medicine monomer to treat CC by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway rather than a combination of several such monomers. More importantly, to our knowledge, there has hardly been any study providing an exhaustive and comprehensive review of all the Chinese medicine monomers at CC. In response to this scarcity, we attempt in this paper to provide a comprehensive review of all the literature to date on traditional Chinese medicine monomers at cervical cancer, highlight the mechanisms and future prospects for their use in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiayue Xu
- Xi'an Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shaoxuan Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Siya Hu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mengyu Yan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Fengjuan Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
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20
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Nadeem RI, Aboutaleb AS, Younis NS, Ahmed HI. Diosmin Mitigates Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats: Insights on miR-21 and -155 Expression, Nrf2/HO-1 and p38-MAPK/NF-κB Pathways. TOXICS 2023; 11:48. [PMID: 36668774 PMCID: PMC9865818 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gentamicin (GNT) is the most frequently used aminoglycoside. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited due to nephrotoxicity. Thus, the potential anticipatory effect of Diosmin (DIOS) against GNT-prompted kidney damage in rats together with the putative nephroprotective pathways were scrutinized. Four groups of rats were used: (1) control; (2) GNT only; (3) GNT plus DIOS; and (4) DIOS only. Nephrotoxicity was elucidated, and the microRNA-21 (miR-21) and microRNA-155 (miR-155) expression and Nrf2/HO-1 and p38-MAPK/NF-κB pathways were assessed. GNT provoked an upsurge in the relative kidney weight and serum level of urea, creatinine, and KIM-1. The MDA level was markedly boosted, with a decline in the level of TAC, SOD, HO-1, and Nrf2 expression in the renal tissue. Additionally, GNT exhibited a notable amplification in TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB p65, and p38-MAPK kidney levels. Moreover, caspase-3 and BAX expression were elevated, whereas the Bcl-2 level was reduced. Furthermore, GNT resulted in the down-regulation of miR-21 expression along with an up-regulation of the miR-155 expression. Histological examination revealed inflammation, degradation, and necrosis. GNT-provoked pathological abnormalities were reversed by DIOS treatment, which restored normal kidney architecture. Hence, regulating miR-21 and -155 expression and modulating Nrf2/HO-1 and p38-MAPK/NF-κB pathways could take a vital part in mediating the reno-protective effect of DIOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania I. Nadeem
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Amany S. Aboutaleb
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt
| | - Nancy S. Younis
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Al-Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hebatalla I. Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt
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Jiménez-Castilla L, Opazo-Ríos L, Marin-Royo G, Orejudo M, Rodrigues-Diez R, Ballesteros-Martínez C, Soto-Catalán M, Caro-Ordieres T, Artaiz I, Suarez-Cortés T, Zazpe A, Hernández G, Cortés M, Tuñón J, Briones AM, Egido J, Gómez-Guerrero C. The Synthetic Flavonoid Hidrosmin Improves Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerotic Lesions in Diabetic Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122499. [PMID: 36552707 PMCID: PMC9774734 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to the progression of macro/microvascular complications. Recently, benefits of the use of flavonoids in these conditions have been established. This study investigates, in two different mouse models of diabetes, the vasculoprotective effects of the synthetic flavonoid hidrosmin on endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. In a type 2 diabetes model of leptin-receptor-deficient (db/db) mice, orally administered hidrosmin (600 mg/kg/day) for 16 weeks markedly improved vascular function in aorta and mesenteric arteries without affecting vascular structural properties, as assessed by wire and pressure myography. In streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, hidrosmin treatment for 7 weeks reduced atherosclerotic plaque size and lipid content; increased markers of plaque stability; and decreased markers of inflammation, senescence and oxidative stress in aorta. Hidrosmin showed cardiovascular safety, as neither functional nor structural abnormalities were noted in diabetic hearts. Ex vivo, hidrosmin induced vascular relaxation that was blocked by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition. In vitro, hidrosmin stimulated endothelial NOS activity and NO production and downregulated hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory and oxidant genes in vascular smooth muscle cells. Our results highlight hidrosmin as a potential add-on therapy in the treatment of macrovascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Jiménez-Castilla
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Opazo-Ríos
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Concepción-Talcahuano 4301099, Chile
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (R.R.-D.); (C.G.-G.); Tel.: +56-920463280 (L.O.-R.); +34-686826139 (R.R.-D.); +34-915504800 (ext. 3126) (C.G.-G.)
| | - Gema Marin-Royo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Rodrigues-Diez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (R.R.-D.); (C.G.-G.); Tel.: +56-920463280 (L.O.-R.); +34-686826139 (R.R.-D.); +34-915504800 (ext. 3126) (C.G.-G.)
| | - Constanza Ballesteros-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Soto-Catalán
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Caro-Ordieres
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation, FAES Farma, 48940 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Inés Artaiz
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation, FAES Farma, 48940 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Tatiana Suarez-Cortés
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation, FAES Farma, 48940 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Arturo Zazpe
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation, FAES Farma, 48940 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Hernández
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation, FAES Farma, 48940 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marcelino Cortés
- Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Tuñón
- Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Briones
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez-Guerrero
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (R.R.-D.); (C.G.-G.); Tel.: +56-920463280 (L.O.-R.); +34-686826139 (R.R.-D.); +34-915504800 (ext. 3126) (C.G.-G.)
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22
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Abou-Elghait AT, Elgamal DA, Abd el-Rady NM, Hosny A, Abd El-Samie EZAA, Ali FE. Novel protective effect of diosmin against cisplatin-induced prostate and seminal vesicle damage: Role of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101961. [PMID: 36327569 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Optimization of Lipid Nanoparticles by Response Surface Methodology to Improve the Ocular Delivery of Diosmin: Characterization and In-Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Assessment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091961. [PMID: 36145708 PMCID: PMC9506089 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosmin is a flavonoid with a great variety of biological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ones. Its cytoprotective effect in retinal pigment epithelium cells under high glucose conditions makes it a potential support in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Despite its benefits, poor solubility in water reduces its potential for therapeutic use, making it the biggest biopharmaceutical challenge. The design of diosmin-loaded nanocarriers for topical ophthalmic application represents a novelty that has not been yet explored. For this purpose, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), compatible for ocular administration, to encapsulate diosmin and improve its physicochemical issues. NLCs were prepared by a simple and scalable technique: a melt emulsification method followed by ultrasonication. The experimental design was composed of four independent variables (solid lipid concentration, liquid lipid concentration, surfactant concentration and type of solid lipid). The effect of the factors was assessed on NLC size and PDI (responses) by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimized formulation was selected according to the desirability function (0.993). Diosmin at two different concentrations (80 and 160 µM) was encapsulated into NLCs. Drug-loaded nanocarriers (D-NLCs) were subjected to a physicochemical and technological investigation revealing a mean particle size of 83.58 ± 0.77 nm and 82.21 ± 1.12 nm, respectively for the D-NLC formulation prepared with diosmin at the concentration of 80 µM or 160 µM, and a net negative surface charge (−18.5 ± 0.60 and −18.0 ± 1.18, respectively for the two batches). The formulations were analyzed in terms of pH (6.5), viscosity, and adjusted for osmolarity, making them more compatible with the ocular environment. Subsequently, stability studies were carried out to assess D-NLC behavior under different storage conditions up to 60 days, indicating a good stability of NLC samples at room temperature. In-vitro studies on ARPE-19 cells confirmed the cytocompatibility of NLCs with retinal epithelium. The effect of D-NLCs was also evaluated in-vitro on a model of retinal inflammation, demonstrating the cytoprotective effect of D-NLCs at various concentrations. RSM was found to be a reliable model to optimize NLCs for diosmin encapsulation.
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24
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Ahmed SS, Al-Mamun A, Hossain SI, Akter F, Ahammad I, Chowdhury ZM, Salimullah M. Virtual screening reveals liquiritigenin as a broad-spectrum inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: an in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-19. [PMID: 35971968 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2111361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 has severely impacted the lives of people worldwide. Global concern is on the rise due to a large number of unexpected mutations in the viral genome, resulting in new variants. Nature-based bioactive phytochemicals hold great promise as inhibitors against pathogenic viruses. The current study was aimed at evaluating some bioactive antiviral phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. A total of 46 phytochemicals were screened against the pathogenic spike protein of Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma, and Omicron variants. In addition to molecular docking, screening for favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity was undertaken. For each of the aforementioned five SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation was run to assess the stability of the complexes between their respective spike protein receptor-binding domain and the best-selected compound. From our current investigation, the natural compound liquiritigenin turned out to be the most promising potential lead compound against almost all the variants. These findings could pave the way for the development of effective medications against SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, in vivo trials in future studies are necessary for further validation of our results.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah Al-Mamun
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Imran Hossain
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Akter
- Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ishtiaque Ahammad
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zeshan Mahmud Chowdhury
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salimullah
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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25
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Guo X, Cao X, Fang X, Guo A, Li E. Involvement of phase II enzymes and efflux transporters in the metabolism and absorption of naringin, hesperidin and their aglycones in rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:480-490. [PMID: 34974785 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.2012562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of phase II metabolism and efflux transportation on the bioavailability of naringin, hesperidin, and their aglycones (naringenin and hesperetin) in rats. Results indicated naringin and hesperidin have a lower oral bioavailability than their aglycones. Of all the phase II enzymes tested, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1, UGT1A2, UGT1A3, UGT1A7 and SULT sulfotransferase (SULT) 1B1 were of minor importance regarding the phase II metabolism of naringenin and hesperetin in the small intestine. Naringin, hesperidin, and their aglycones were all extensively metabolised in the liver. Naringin and hesperidin were more extensively transported by efflux transporters compared to their aglycones. Significant correlations between phase II enzymes and efflux transporters were detected. In conclusion, more extensive metabolism of naringin and hesperidin than their aglycones in the small intestine, and the interplay of phase II enzymes and efflux transporters in the small intestine explain the lower relative oral bioavailability of naringin and hesperidin than their aglycones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuedan Cao
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiugui Fang
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Ailing Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Erhu Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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26
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Lai MC, Liu WY, Liou SS, Liu IM. Diosmetin Targeted at Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Alleviates Advanced Glycation End Products Induced Neuronal Injury. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112248. [PMID: 35684047 PMCID: PMC9183070 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the role of diosmetin in alleviating advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like pathology and to clarify the action mechanisms. Before stimulation with AGEs (200 μg/mL), SH-SY5Y cells were treated with diosmetin (10 μmol/L), increasing cell viability. The induction of AGEs on the reactive oxygen species overproduction and downregulation of antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, were ameliorated by diosmetin. Amyloid precursor protein upregulation, accompanied by increased production of amyloid-β, caused by AGEs, was reversed by diosmetin. In the presence of diosmetin, not only β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme1 expression was lowered, but the protein levels of insulin-degrading enzyme and neprilysin were elevated. Diosmetin protects SH-SY5Y cells from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response to AGEs by suppressing ER stress-induced glucose regulated protein 78, thereby downregulating protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α, activating transcription factor 4, and C/EBP homologous protein. Diosmetin-pretreated cells had a lower degree of apoptotic DNA fragmentation; this effect may be associated with B-cell lymphoma (Bcl) 2 protein upregulation, Bcl-2-associated X protein downregulation, and decreased activities of caspase-12/-9/-3. The reversion of diosmetin on the AGEs-induced harmful effects was similar to that produced by pioglitazone. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ antagonist T0070907 (5 μmol/L) abolished the beneficial effects of diosmetin on AGEs-treated SH-SY5Y cells, indicating the involvement of PPARγ. We conclude that diosmetin protects neuroblastoma cells against AGEs-induced ER injury via multiple mechanisms and may be a potential option for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chou Lai
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Collage of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan; (M.C.L.); (S.-S.L.)
| | - Wayne Young Liu
- Department of Urology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung 41265, Taiwan;
- Center for Basic Medical Science, Collage of Health Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406053, Taiwan
| | - Shorong-Shii Liou
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Collage of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan; (M.C.L.); (S.-S.L.)
| | - I-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Collage of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan; (M.C.L.); (S.-S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-8-7624002
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27
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The Signaling Pathways and Targets of Natural Compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Ischemic Stroke. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103099. [PMID: 35630576 PMCID: PMC9148018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a common neurological disorder associated with high disability rates and mortality rates. At present, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) is the only US(FDA)-approved drug for IS. However, due to the narrow therapeutic window and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage, r-tPA is currently used in less than 5% of stroke patients. Natural compounds have been widely used in the treatment of IS in China and have a wide range of therapeutic effects on IS by regulating multiple targets and signaling pathways. The keywords "ischemia stroke, traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese herbal medicine, natural compounds" were used to search the relevant literature in PubMed and other databases over the past five years. The results showed that JAK/STAT, NF-κB, MAPK, Notch, Nrf2, and PI3K/Akt are the key pathways, and SIRT1, MMP9, TLR4, HIF-α are the key targets for the natural compounds from traditional Chinese medicine in treating IS. This study aims to update and summarize the signaling pathways and targets of natural compounds in the treatment of IS, and provide a base of information for the future development of effective treatments for IS.
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28
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Zhang J, Liu Z, Luo Y, Li X, Huang G, Chen H, Li A, Qin S. The Role of Flavonoids in the Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:849513. [PMID: 35462886 PMCID: PMC9019748 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.849513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in developing bone tissue engineered constructs due to their osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential. MSC-based tissue engineered constructs are generally considered a safe procedure, however, the long-term results obtained up to now are far from satisfactory. The main causes of these therapeutic limitations are inefficient homing, engraftment, and directional differentiation. Flavonoids are a secondary metabolite, widely existed in nature and have many biological activities. For a long time, researchers have confirmed the anti-osteoporosis effect of flavonoids through in vitro cell experiments, animal studies. In recent years the regulatory effects of flavonoids on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation have been received increasingly attention. Recent studies revealed flavonoids possess the ability to modulate self-renewal and differentiation potential of MSCs. In order to facilitate further research on MSCs osteogenic differentiation of flavonoids, we surveyed the literature published on the use of flavonoids in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, and summarized their pharmacological activities as well as the underlying mechanisms, aimed to explore their promising therapeutic application in bone disorders and bone tissue engineered constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihe Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Luo
- School of Physical Education, Southwest University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiguo Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Qin
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Zaragozá C, Álvarez-Mon MÁ, Zaragozá F, Villaescusa L. Flavonoids: Antiplatelet Effect as Inhibitors of COX-1. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27031146. [PMID: 35164411 PMCID: PMC8839657 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are compounds with a benzopyranic structure that exhibits multiple pharmacological activities. They are known for their venotonic activity, but their mechanism of action remains unclear. It is thought that, as this mechanism is mediated by prostaglandins, these compounds may interfere with the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade. These assays are designed to measure the antiplatelet aggregation capacity of quercetin, rutin, diosmetin, diosmin, and hidrosmin, as well as to evaluate a potential structure−activity ratio. In this paper, several studies on platelet aggregation at different concentrations (from 0.33 mM to 1.5 mM) of different flavone compounds are conducted, measuring platelet aggregation by impedance aggregometry, and the cyclooxygenase (COX) activity by metabolites generated, including the activity of the pure recombinant enzyme in the presence of these polyphenols. The results obtained showed that quercetin and diosmetin aglycones have a greater antiplatelet effect and inhibit the COX enzyme activity to a greater extent than their heterosides; however, the fact that greater inhibition of the pure recombinant enzyme was achieved by heterosides suggests that these compounds may have difficulty in crossing biological membranes. In any case, in view of the results obtained, it can be concluded that flavonoids could be useful as coadjuvants in the treatment of cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zaragozá
- Pharmacology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (F.Z.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain;
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University Hospital Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Zaragozá
- Pharmacology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (F.Z.); (L.V.)
| | - Lucinda Villaescusa
- Pharmacology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (F.Z.); (L.V.)
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30
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Brendler T, Abdel-Tawab M. Buchu (Agathosma betulina and A. crenulata): Rightfully Forgotten or Underutilized? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:813142. [PMID: 35197854 PMCID: PMC8859318 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.813142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, the term buchu refers to the two species in commerce, Agathosma betulina (P.J.Bergius) Pillans and Agathosma crenulata (L.) Pillans (Rutaceae). Its traditional use in urinary tract infections and related ailments made it a popular remedy, specifically in the US, in 19th century, but with the advent of antibiotics it became largely obsolete. Recent focus is on technological use and on the essential oil for use in the perfume and food-flavouring industry. A review of the scarce pharmacological research revealed moderate antimicrobial activity for a leaf extract but not the essential oil of both species in the MIC assay. In the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) assay the essential oil of both species revealed IC50 values of 50.37 ± 1.87 μg/ml and 59.15 ± 7.44 μg/ml, respectively. In another study 98% inhibitory activity was determined for 250 μg/ml of an ethanolic extract of A. betulina on cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and a 25% inhibitory activity on COX-2. Analgesic activity of an ethanolic extract of A. betulina was shown in mice. Moderate antioxidant activity was determined for methanol:dichlormethane extracts of A. betulina and A. crenulata and an aqueous extract of A. betulina showed a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of 11.8 µM Trolox. Recent in vitro studies with a commercial aqueous extract of buchu revealed increased uptake of glucose added to 3T3-L1 cell line, significant inhibition of the respiratory burst of neutrophils and monocytes, reduction in the expression of adhesion molecules and inhibition of the release of IL-6 and TNF-α. In diabetic rats the ingestion of aqueous buchu extract completely normalized the glucose level and in rats receiving a high fat diet the consumption of aqueous buchu extract resulted in less weight gain and less intraperitoneal fat gain as well as reduction of elevated blood pressure to normal associated with cardioprotective effects. Limitations in the hitherto conducted research lie in the undisclosed composition of the buchu extracts used and the difficulty in extrapolating data from animal studies to humans. Health claims for buchu products need to be substantiated by randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled studies. Only then can they be promoted for their true therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brendler
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Plantaphile, Collingswood, NJ, United States
- Traditional Medicinals Inc., Rohnert Park, CA, United States
| | - Mona Abdel-Tawab
- Central Laboratory of German Pharmacists, Eschborn, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Sharma S, Porwal K, Kulkarni C, Pal S, Kumar S, Sihota P, Tiwari MC, Katekar R, Kumar A, Rajput S, Singh P, Guha R, Kumar N, Gayen JR, Chattopadhyay N. Diosmin, a citrus fruit-derived phlebotonic bioflavonoid protects rats from chronic kidney disease-induced loss of bone mass and strength without deteriorating renal function. Food Funct 2022; 13:2184-2199. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03867b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline recommended treatment decisions for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with osteoporosis and/or high risk of fracture. Bisphosphonates, the first-line...
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Siennicka A, Kłysz M, Adamska M, Chełstowski K, Biskupski A, Jastrzębska M. Assessment of Platelet Reactivity and Inflammatory Markers in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients Treated with Acetylsalicylic Acid with Flavonoid Supplementation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247486. [PMID: 34946569 PMCID: PMC8708239 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recommended pharmacological therapy for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) treated by coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). To improve the antiplatelet effect, supplementation with flavonoids is also recommended. The aim of this study was to estimate anti-aggregation properties of diosmin, in combination with ASA, pre- and postoperatively and assess the relationship of this therapy with inflammatory processes in CAD patients undergoing CABG. The study patients (n = 26) took diosmin (1000 mg/day); the control patients (n = 27) took a placebo. The therapeutic period for taking diosmin was from at least 30 days before to 30 days after CABG. All patients also took 75 mg/day ASA. Platelet aggregation and IL-6, CRP, and fibrinogen concentrations were determined before and 30 days after surgery. Results showed that diosmin did not enhance the anti-aggregation effect of ASA at any assessment time. However, there was a stronger anti-aggregation effect 30 days after surgery that was diosmin independent and was associated with acute-phase markers in the postoperative period. Increased levels of inflammatory markers in the late phase of the postoperative period may provide an unfavorable prognostic factor in long-term follow-up, which should prompt the use of stronger antiplatelet therapy in patients after CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Siennicka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.K.); (M.A.); (K.C.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-466-1512
| | - Magdalena Kłysz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.K.); (M.A.); (K.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Monika Adamska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.K.); (M.A.); (K.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Kornel Chełstowski
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.K.); (M.A.); (K.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Andrzej Biskupski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Maria Jastrzębska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.K.); (M.A.); (K.C.); (M.J.)
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Pharmacology of Diosmin, a Citrus Flavone Glycoside: An Updated Review. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 47:1-18. [PMID: 34687440 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are phytochemicals that are well known for their beneficial pharmacological properties. Diosmin is a flavone glycoside derived from hesperidin, a flavanone abundantly found in citrus fruits. Daflon is an oral phlebotonic flavonoid combination containing diosmin and hesperidin (9:1) that is commonly used for the management of blood vessel disorders. After oral administration, diosmin is converted to diosmetin, which is subsequently absorbed and esterified into glucuronide conjugates that are excreted in the urine. Pharmacological effects of diosmin have been investigated in several in vitro and in vivo studies, and it was found to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and antifibrotic effects in different disease models. Diosmin also demonstrated multiple desirable properties in several clinical studies. Moreover, toxicological studies showed that diosmin has a favorable safety profile. Accordingly, diosmin is a potential effective and safe treatment for many diseases. However, diosmin exhibits inhibitory effects on different metabolic enzymes. This encourages the investigation of its potential therapeutic effect and safety in different diseases in clinical trials, while taking potential interactions into consideration.
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Kronborg TM, Ytting H, Hobolth L, Møller S, Kimer N. Novel Anti-inflammatory Treatments in Cirrhosis. A Literature-Based Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:718896. [PMID: 34631742 PMCID: PMC8495012 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.718896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a disease characterised by multiple complications and a poor prognosis. The prevalence is increasing worldwide. Chronic inflammation is ongoing in liver cirrhosis. No cure for the inflammation is available, and the current treatment of liver cirrhosis is only symptomatic. However, several different medical agents have been suggested as potential healing drugs. The majority are tested in rodents, but few human trials are effectuated. This review focuses on medical agents described in the literature with supposed alleviating and curing effects on liver cirrhosis. Twelve anti-inflammatory, five antioxidative, and three drugs with effects on gut microflora and the LPS pathway were found. Two drugs not categorised by the three former categories were found in addition. In total, 42 rodent studies and seven human trials were found. Promising effects of celecoxib, aspirin, curcumin, kahweol, pentoxifylline, diosmin, statins, emricasan, and silymarin were found in cirrhotic rodent models. Few indices of effects of etanercept, glycyrrhizin arginine salt, and mitoquinone were found. Faecal microbiota transplantation is in increasing searchlight with a supposed potential to alleviate cirrhosis. However, human trials are in demand to verify the findings in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thit Mynster Kronborg
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Amager-Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Henriette Ytting
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Amager-Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lise Hobolth
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Amager-Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Søren Møller
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine 260, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Kimer
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Amager-Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Behl T, Kumar K, Singh S, Sehgal A, Sachdeva M, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Buhas C, Teodora Judea-Pusta C, Negrut N, Alexandru Munteanu M, Brisc C, Bungau S. Unveiling the role of polyphenols in diabetic retinopathy. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Qian C, Yang C, Lu M, Bao J, Shen H, Deng B, Li S, Li W, Zhang M, Cao C. Activating AhR alleviates cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease model mice by upregulating endogenous Aβ catabolic enzyme Neprilysin. Theranostics 2021; 11:8797-8812. [PMID: 34522212 PMCID: PMC8419060 DOI: 10.7150/thno.61601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Neprilysin (NEP) is a major endogenous catabolic enzyme of amyloid β (Aβ). Previous studies have suggested that increasing NEP expression in animal models of Alzheimer's disease had an ameliorative effect. However, the underlying signaling pathway that regulates NEP expression remains unclear. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated cytoplasmic receptor and transcription factor. Recent studies have shown that AhR plays essential roles in the central nervous system (CNS), but its physiological and pathological roles in regulating NEP are not entirely known. Methods: Western blotting, immunofluorescence, quantitative RT-PCR and enzyme activity assay were used to verify the effects of AhR agonists on NEP in a cell model (N2a) and a mouse model (APP/PS1). Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay were conducted to investigate the roles of AhR in regulating NEP transcription. Object recognition test and the Morris water maze task were performed to assess the cognitive capacity of the mice. Results: Activating AhR by the endogenous ligand L-Kynurenine (L-KN) or FICZ, or by the exogenous ligand diosmin or indole-3-carbinol (I3C) significantly increases NEP expression and enzyme activity in N2a cells and APP/PS1 mice. We also found that AhR is a direct transcription factor of NEP. Diosmin treatment effectively ameliorated the cognitive disorder and memory deficit of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. By knocking down AhR or using a small molecular inhibitor targeting AhR or NEP, we found that diosmin enhanced Aβ degradation through activated AhR and increased NEP expression. Conclusions: These results indicate a novel pathway for regulating NEP expression in neurons and that AhR may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Khamchun S, Yoodee S, Thongboonkerd V. Dual modulatory effects of diosmin on calcium oxalate kidney stone formation processes: Crystallization, growth, aggregation, crystal-cell adhesion, internalization into renal tubular cells, and invasion through extracellular matrix. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111903. [PMID: 34328112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diosmin is a natural flavone glycoside (bioflavonoid) found in fruits and plants with several pharmacological activities. It has been widely used as a dietary supplement or therapeutic agent in various diseases/disorders. Although recommended, evidence of its protective mechanisms against kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis), especially calcium oxalate (CaOx) monohydrate (COM) that is the most common type, remained unclear. In this study, we thus systematically evaluated the effects of diosmin (at 2.5-160 nM) on various stages of kidney stone formation processes, including COM crystallization, crystal growth, aggregation, crystal-cell adhesion, internalization into renal tubular cells and invasion through extracellular matrix (ECM). The results showed that diosmin had dose-dependent modulatory effects on all the mentioned COM kidney stone processes. Diosmin significantly increased COM crystal number and mass during crystallization, but reduced crystal size and growth. While diosmin promoted crystal aggregation, it inhibited crystal-cell adhesion and internalization into renal tubular cells. Finally, diosmin promoted crystal invasion through the ECM. Our data provide evidence demonstrating both inhibiting and promoting effects of diosmin on COM kidney stone formation processes. Based on these dual modulatory activities of diosmin, its anti-urolithiasis role is doubtful and cautions should be made for its use in kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaporn Khamchun
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; Unit of Excellence in Integrative Molecular Biomedicine, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Yoodee
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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Jiang W, Xia T, Liu C, Li J, Zhang W, Sun C. Remodeling the Epigenetic Landscape of Cancer-Application Potential of Flavonoids in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:705903. [PMID: 34235089 PMCID: PMC8255972 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.705903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA regulation, are physiological regulatory changes that affect gene expression without modifying the DNA sequence. Although epigenetic disorders are considered a sign of cell carcinogenesis and malignant events that affect tumor progression and drug resistance, in view of the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications, clinicians believe that associated mechanisms can be a key target for cancer prevention and treatment. In contrast, epidemiological and preclinical studies indicated that the epigenome is constantly reprogrammed by intake of natural organic compounds and the environment, suggesting the possibility of utilizing natural compounds to influence epigenetics in cancer therapy. Flavonoids, although not synthesized in the human body, can be consumed daily and are common in medicinal plants, vegetables, fruits, and tea. Recently, numerous reports provided evidence for the regulation of cancer epigenetics by flavonoids. Considering their origin in natural and food sources, few side effects, and remarkable biological activity, the epigenetic antitumor effects of flavonoids warrant further investigation. In this article, we summarized and analyzed the multi-dimensional epigenetic effects of all 6 subtypes of flavonoids (including flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, flavanols, and anthocyanidin) in different cancer types. Additionally, our report also provides new insights and a promising direction for future research and development of flavonoids in tumor prevention and treatment via epigenetic modification, in order to realize their potential as cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Jiang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Clinical Medical Colleges, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China.,Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
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David IG, Oancea AG, Buleandră M, Popa DE, Iorgulescu EE, Ciobanu AM. Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrode for Diosmin Voltammetric Analysis. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12040351. [PMID: 33805861 PMCID: PMC8064319 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Diosmin (DIO) is a naturally occurring flavonoid with multiple beneficial effects on human health. The presence of different hydroxyl groups in diosmin structure enables its electrochemical investigation and quantification. This work presents, for the first time, diosmin voltammetric behavior and quantification on the cost-effective, disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE). Diosmin oxidation on PGE involves two irreversible steps, generating products with reversible redox behaviors. All electrode processes are pH-dependent and predominantly adsorption-controlled. Differential pulse (DPV) and adsorptive stripping differential pulse (AdSDPV) voltammetric methods have been optimized for diosmin quantification o an H-type PGE, in 0.100 mol/L H2SO4. The linear ranges and limits of detection were for DPV 1.00 × 10-6-1.00 × 10-5 mol/L and 2.76 × 10-7 mol/L DIO for DPV and 1.00 × 10-7-2.50 × 10-6 mol/L and 7.42 × 10-8 mol/L DIO for AdSDPV, respectively. The DPV method was successfully applied for diosmin quantification in dietary supplement tablets. The percentage recovery was 99.87 ± 4.88%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Gabriela David
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90-92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.O.); (D.E.P.); (E.E.I.)
- Correspondence: (I.G.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Alexandra-Gabriela Oancea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90-92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.O.); (D.E.P.); (E.E.I.)
| | - Mihaela Buleandră
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90-92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.O.); (D.E.P.); (E.E.I.)
- Correspondence: (I.G.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Dana Elena Popa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90-92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.O.); (D.E.P.); (E.E.I.)
| | - Emilia Elena Iorgulescu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90-92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.O.); (D.E.P.); (E.E.I.)
| | - Adela Magdalena Ciobanu
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Neurosciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu Street 37, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Psychiatry “Prof. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Berceni Av. 10, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
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Citrus limon Peel Powder Reduces Intestinal Barrier Defects and Inflammation in a Colitic Murine Experimental Model. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020240. [PMID: 33503995 PMCID: PMC7912126 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the ameliorative effects of lemon (Citrus limon) peel (LP) powder on intestinal inflammation and barrier defects in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitic mice. The whole LP powder was fractionated into methanol (MetOH) extract and its extraction residue (MetOH residue), which were rich in polyphenolic compounds and dietary fibers, respectively. Mice were fed diets containing whole LP powder, MetOH extract, and MetOH residue for 16 d. DSS administration for 9 d induced bodyweight loss, reduced colon length, reduced the colonic expression of tight junction proteins including zonula occludens-1 and -2, and claudin-3 and -7, and upregulated colonic mRNA expression of interleukin 6, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2. Feeding LP powder restored these abnormalities, and the MetOH residue, but not MetOH extract, also showed similar restorations. Feeding LP powder and MetOH residue increased fecal concentrations of acetate and n-butyrate. Taken together, LP powder reduced intestinal damage through the protection of tight junction barriers and suppressed an inflammatory reaction in colitic mice. These results suggest that acetate and n-butyrate produced from the microbial metabolism of dietary fibers in LP powder contributed to reducing colitis.
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The Benefits of Flavonoids in Diabetic Retinopathy. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103169. [PMID: 33081260 PMCID: PMC7603001 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common complications of diabetes, is the leading cause of legal blindness among adults of working age in developed countries. After 20 years of diabetes, almost all patients suffering from type I diabetes mellitus and about 60% of type II diabetics have DR. Several studies have tried to identify drugs and therapies to treat DR though little attention has been given to flavonoids, one type of polyphenols, which can be found in high levels mainly in fruits and vegetables, but also in other foods such as grains, cocoa, green tea or even in red wine. Flavonoids have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral effects. Since it is known that diabetes induces oxidative stress and inflammation in the retina leading to neuronal death in the early stages of the disease, the use of these compounds can prove to be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of DR. In this review, we summarize the molecular and cellular effects of flavonoids in the diabetic retina.
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