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Ge J, Li M, Yao J, Guo J, Li X, Li G, Han X, Li Z, Liu M, Zhao J. The potential of EGCG in modulating the oral-gut axis microbiota for treating inflammatory bowel disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155643. [PMID: 38820660 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a recurrent chronic intestinal disorder that includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Its pathogenesis involves intricate interactions between pathogenic microorganisms, native intestinal microorganisms, and the intestinal immune system via the oral-gut axis. The strong correlation observed between oral diseases and IBD indicates the potential involvement of oral pathogenic microorganisms in IBD development. Consequently, therapeutic strategies targeting the proliferation, translocation, intestinal colonization and exacerbated intestinal inflammation of oral microorganisms within the oral-gut axis may partially alleviate IBD. Tea consumption has been identified as a contributing factor in reducing IBD, with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) being the primary bioactive compound used for IBD treatment. However, the precise mechanism by which EGCG mediates microbial crosstalk within the oral-gut axis remains unclear. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the diverse oral microorganisms implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD and elucidate their colonization pathways and mechanisms. Subsequently, we investigated the antibacterial properties of EGCG and its potential to attenuate microbial translocation and colonization in the gut, emphasizing its role in attenuating exacerbations of IBD. We also elucidated the toxic and side effects of EGCG. Finally, we discuss current strategies for enhancing EGCG bioavailability and propose novel multi-targeted nano-delivery systems for the more efficacious management of IBD. This review elucidates the role and feasibility of EGCG-mediated modulation of the oral-gut axis microbiota in the management of IBD, contributing to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of EGCG in the treatment of IBD and the development of prospective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Ge
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent TCM Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Equipment, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent TCM Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Equipment, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingwen Yao
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent TCM Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Equipment, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jinling Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent TCM Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Equipment, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiankuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent TCM Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Equipment, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiangli Han
- Department of Geriatric, Fourth Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent TCM Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Equipment, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Green Pharmaceuticals for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 236 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent TCM Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Equipment, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Green Pharmaceuticals for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Fik-Jaskółka M, Mittova V, Motsonelidze C, Vakhania M, Vicidomini C, Roviello GN. Antimicrobial Metabolites of Caucasian Medicinal Plants as Alternatives to Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:487. [PMID: 38927153 PMCID: PMC11200912 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores the potential of antimicrobial metabolites derived from Caucasian medicinal plants as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. With the rise of antibiotic resistance posing a global health threat, there is a pressing need to investigate alternative sources of antimicrobial agents. Caucasian medicinal plants have traditionally been used for their therapeutic properties, and recent research has highlighted their potential as sources of antimicrobial compounds. Representatives of 15 families of Caucasian medicinal plant extracts (24 species) have been explored for their efficacy against these pathogens. The effect of these plants on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi is discussed in this paper. By harnessing the bioactive metabolites present in these plants, this study aims to contribute to the development of new antimicrobial treatments that can effectively combat bacterial infections while minimizing the risk of resistance emergence. Herein we discuss the following classes of bioactive compounds exhibiting antimicrobial activity: phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, saponins, alkaloids, and sulfur-containing compounds of Allium species. The review discusses the pharmacological properties of selected Caucasian medicinal plants, the extraction and characterization of these antimicrobial metabolites, the mechanisms of action of antibacterial and antifungal plant compounds, and their potential applications in clinical settings. Additionally, challenges and future directions in the research of antimicrobial metabolites from Caucasian medicinal plants are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fik-Jaskółka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Valentina Mittova
- Teaching University Geomedi, 4 King Solomon II Str., Tbilisi 0114, Georgia; (V.M.)
| | | | - Malkhaz Vakhania
- Teaching University Geomedi, 4 King Solomon II Str., Tbilisi 0114, Georgia; (V.M.)
| | - Caterina Vicidomini
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Area di Ricerca Site and Headquarters, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni N. Roviello
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Area di Ricerca Site and Headquarters, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Meng X, Cui W, Liang Q, Zhang B, Wei Y. Trends and hotspots in tea and Alzheimer's disease research from 2014 to 2023: A bibliometric and visual analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30063. [PMID: 38699003 PMCID: PMC11064447 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The positive effects of tea on Alzheimer's disease (AD) have increasingly captured researchers' attention. Nevertheless, the quantitative comprehensive analysis in the relevant literatur is lack. This paper aims to thoroughly examine the current research status and hotspots from 2014 to 2023, providing a valuable reference for subsequent research. Methods Documents spanning from 2014 to 2023 were searched from the Web of Science, and the R software, VOSviewer, and Citespace software were used for analysis and visualization. Results A total of 374 documents were contained in the study. The rate of article publications exhibited a consistent increase each year from 2014 to 2023. Notably, China emerged as the leading country in terms of published articles, followed by the United States and India. Simultaneously, China is also in a leading position in cooperation with other countries. Molecules emerged as the most frequently published journal, while the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease secured the top spot in terms of citations. The identified main keywords included oxidative stress, amyloid, epigallocatechin gallate, and green tea polyphenol, among others. These focal areas delved into the antioxidative and anti-amyloid aggregation actions of tea's polyphenolic components. Furthermore, the particularly way in which epigallocatechin gallate delivers neuroprotective outcomes by influencing molecules related to AD represents a focal point of research. Conclusion The increasing attention from researchers on the role of tea in ameliorating AD positions it as a hot spot in the development of anti-AD drugs in the development of future. Through our generalized analysis of the current landscape and hotspots regarding tea's application in AD, this study provides an estimable reference for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Scientific Research, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yingxiu Wei
- Department of Neurology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Cui J, Wu B, Zhou J. Changes in amino acids, catechins and alkaloids during the storage of oolong tea and their relationship with antibacterial effect. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10424. [PMID: 38710752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The storage process has a significant impact on tea quality. Few is known about effect of storage on quality of oolong tea. This study aimed to assess the effect of different storage times on the key chemical components of oolong tea by measuring changes in catechin, free amino acid, and alkaloid content. Variation in the main substances was determined by principal component analysis and heat map analysis. The results revealed notable effects of the storage process on the levels of theanine, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and glutamine. These findings suggest that these compounds could serve as indicators for monitoring changes in oolong tea quality during storage. Additionally, the study observed an increase in the antibacterial ability of tea over time. Correlation analysis indicated that the antibacterial ability against Micrococcus tetragenus and Escherichia coli was influenced by metabolites such as aspartic acid, threonine, serine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, ornithine, alanine, arginine, and EGCG. Overall, this study presents an approach for identifying key metabolites to monitor tea quality effectively with relatively limited data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Cui
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, 237 Nanhu R., Xinyang, 464000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang Ave W., Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang Ave W., Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, 237 Nanhu R., Xinyang, 464000, Henan, People's Republic of China
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Ding Q, Mo Z, Wang X, Chen M, Zhou F, Liu Z, Long Y, Xia X, Zhao P. The antibacterial and hemostatic curdlan hydrogel-loading epigallocatechin gallate for facilitating the infected wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131257. [PMID: 38554908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The infected wounds pose one of the major threats to human health today. To address this issue, it is necessary to develop innovative wound dressings with superior antibacterial activity and other properties. Due to its potent antibacterial, antioxidant, and immune-boosting properties, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been widely utilized. In this study, a multifunctional curdlan hydrogel loading EGCG (Cur-EGCGH3) was designed. Cur-EGCGH3 exhibited excellent physicochemical properties, good biocompatibility, hemostatic, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. Also, ELISA data showed that Cur-EGCGH3 stimulated macrophages to secrete pro-inflammatory and pro-regenerative cytokines. Cell scratch results indicated that Cur-EGCGH3 promoted the migration of NIH3T3 and HUVECs. In vivo experiments confirmed that Cur-EGCGH3 could inhibit bacterial infection of the infected wounds, accelerate hemostasis, and promote epithelial regeneration and collagen deposition. These results demonstrated that Cur-EGCGH3 holds promise for promoting healing of the infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Engineering Research Center for Research and Development of Molecular and Cellular Technology in Rapid Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Shaoguan 512025, China
| | - Zhendong Mo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Engineering Research Center for Research and Development of Molecular and Cellular Technology in Rapid Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Shaoguan 512025, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Engineering Research Center for Research and Development of Molecular and Cellular Technology in Rapid Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Shaoguan 512025, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Engineering Research Center for Research and Development of Molecular and Cellular Technology in Rapid Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Shaoguan 512025, China
| | - Zhengquan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Engineering Research Center for Research and Development of Molecular and Cellular Technology in Rapid Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Shaoguan 512025, China
| | - Ying Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Engineering Research Center for Research and Development of Molecular and Cellular Technology in Rapid Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Shaoguan 512025, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Pingsen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Engineering Research Center for Research and Development of Molecular and Cellular Technology in Rapid Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Shaoguan 512025, China.
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Sadeghi A, Rajabiyan A, Nabizade N, Meygoli Nezhad N, Zarei-Ahmady A. Seaweed-derived phenolic compounds as diverse bioactive molecules: A review on identification, application, extraction and purification strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131147. [PMID: 38537857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Seaweed, a diverse group of marine macroalgae, has emerged as a rich source of bioactive compounds with numerous health-promoting properties. Among these, phenolic compounds have garnered significant attention for their diverse therapeutic applications. This review examines the methodologies employed in the extraction and purification of phenolic compounds from seaweed, emphasizing their importance in unlocking the full potential of these oceanic treasures. The article provides a comprehensive overview of the structural diversity and biological activities of seaweed-derived phenolics, elucidating their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Furthermore, it explores the impact of extraction techniques, including conventional methods and modern green technologies, on the yield and quality of phenolic extracts. The purification strategies for isolating specific phenolic compounds are also discussed, shedding light on the challenges and advancements in this field. Additionally, the review highlights the potential applications of seaweed-derived phenolics in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods, underscoring the economic value of these compounds. Finally, future perspectives and research directions are proposed to encourage continued exploration of seaweed phenolics, fostering a deeper understanding of their therapeutic potential and promoting sustainable practices in the extraction and purification processes. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers interested in harnessing the untapped potential of phenolic compounds from seaweed for the betterment of human health and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Sadeghi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ali Rajabiyan
- Marine Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Nafise Nabizade
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Najme Meygoli Nezhad
- Marine Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Amanollah Zarei-Ahmady
- Marine Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Lin Y, Liang S, Zhang Y, Yu Y. The antibacterial mechanism of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) against Campylobacter jejuni through transcriptome profiling. J Food Sci 2024; 89:2384-2396. [PMID: 38389445 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been shown antibacterial activity against Campylobacter jejuni; however, the relevant antibacterial mechanism is unknown. In this study, phenotypic experiments and RNA sequencing were used to explore the antibacterial mechanism. The minimum inhibitory concentration of EGCG on C. jejuni was 32 µg/mL. EGCG-treated was able to increase intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and decline bacterial motility. The morphology and cell membrane of C. jejuni after EGCG treatment were observed collapsed, broken, and agglomerated by field emission scanning electron microscopy and fluorescent microscopy. The RNA-seq analysis presents that there are 36 and 72 differential expressed genes after C. jejuni was treated by EGCG with the concentration of 16 and 32 µg/mL, respectively. EGCG-treated increased the thioredoxin expression, which was a critical protein to resist oxidative stress. Moreover, downregulation of the flgH and flgM gene in flagellin biosynthesis of C. jejuni was able to impair the flagella, reducing cell motility and virulence. The primary antibacterial mechanism revealed by RNA-seq is that EGCG with iron-chelating activity competes with C. jejuni for iron, causing iron deficiency in C. jejuni, which potentially impacts the survival and virulence of C. jejuni. The results suggested a new direction for exploring the activity of EGCG against C. jejuni in the food industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: A deeper understanding of the antibacterial mechanism of EGCG against C. jejuni was more beneficial in improving the food safety, eliminating concerns about human health caused by C. jejuni in future food, and promoting the natural antibacterial agent EGCG application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Lin
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Liang
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehui Zhang
- Sericulture & Agri-food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yigang Yu
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Lê HG, Kang JM, Võ TC, Yoo WG, Hong Y, Na BK. (‒)-Epicatechin reveals amoebicidal activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii by activating the programmed cell death pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 125:155389. [PMID: 38306720 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acanthamoeba is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause human infections such as granulomatous amebic encephalitis and acanthamoeba keratitis. However, no specific drug to treat the diseases has been developed. Therefore, the discovery or development of novel drugs for treating Acanthamoeba infections is urgently needed. The anti-protozoan activity of (‒)-epicatechin (EC) has been reported, suggesting it is an attractive anti-protozoal drug candidate. In this study, the amoebicidal activity of EC against A. castellanii was assessed and its mechanism of action was unveiled. METHODS The amoebicidal activity of EC against A. castellanii trophozoites and the cytotoxicity of EC in HCE-2 and C6 cells were determined with cell viability assay. The underlying amoebicidal mechanism of EC against A. castellanii was analyzed by the apoptosis/necrosis assay, TUNEL assay, mitochondrial dysfunction assay, caspase-3 assay, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The cysticidal activity of EC was also investigated. RESULTS EC revealed amoebicidal activity against A. castellanii trophozoites with an IC50 of 37.01 ± 3.96 µM, but was not cytotoxic to HCE-2 or C6 cells. EC induced apoptotic events such as increases in DNA fragmentation and intracellular reactive oxygen species production in A. castellanii. EC also caused mitochondrial dysfunction in the amoebae, as evidenced by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and reductions in ATP production. Caspase-3 activity, autophagosome formation, and the expression levels of autophagy-related genes were also increased in EC-treated amoebae. EC led to the partial death of cysts and the inhibition of excystation. CONCLUSION EC revealed promising amoebicidal activity against A. castellanii trophozoites via programmed cell death events. EC could be a candidate drug or supplemental compound for treating Acanthamoeba infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hương Giang Lê
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Kang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Korea
| | - Tuấn Cường Võ
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Korea
| | - Won Gi Yoo
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Korea
| | - Yeonchul Hong
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Korea
| | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Korea.
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Lu L, Wang J, Wang C, Zhu J, Wang H, Liao L, Zhao Y, Wang X, Yang C, He Z, Li M. Plant-derived virulence arresting drugs as novel antimicrobial agents: Discovery, perspective, and challenges in clinical use. Phytother Res 2024; 38:727-754. [PMID: 38014754 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emerges as a severe crisis to public health and requires global action. The occurrence of bacterial pathogens with multi-drug resistance appeals to exploring alternative therapeutic strategies. Antivirulence treatment has been a positive substitute in seeking to circumvent AMR, which aims to target virulence factors directly to combat bacterial infections. Accumulated evidence suggests that plant-derived natural products, which have been utilized to treat infectious diseases for centuries, can be abundant sources for screening potential virulence-arresting drugs (VADs) to develop advanced therapeutics for infectious diseases. This review sums up some virulence factors and their actions in various species of bacteria, as well as recent advances pertaining to plant-derived natural products as VAD candidates. Furthermore, we also discuss natural VAD-related clinical trials and patents, the perspective of VAD-based advanced therapeutics for infectious diseases and critical challenges hampering clinical use of VADs, and genomics-guided identification for VAD therapeutic. These newly discovered natural VADs will be encouraging and optimistic candidates that may sustainably combat AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jingya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chongrui Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hongping Wang
- Safety Evaluation Center, Sichuan Institute for Drug Control (Sichuan Testing Center of Medical Devices), Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Langzhong People's Hospital, Langzhong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyou He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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10
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Luo Q, Luo L, Zhao J, Wang Y, Luo H. Biological Potential and Mechanisms of Tea's Bioactive Compounds in Tea: An Updated Review. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00378-8. [PMID: 38056775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea (Camellia sinensis) has a rich history and is widely consumed across many countries, and is categorized into green tea, white tea, oolong tea, yellow tea, black tea, and dark tea based on the level of fermentation. Based on a review of previous literature, the commonly recognized bioactive substances in tea include tea polyphenols, amino acids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, terpenoids, macro minerals, trace elements, and vitamins, which have been known to have various potential health benefits, such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, and anti-obesity properties, cardiovascular protection, immune regulation, and control of the intestinal microbiota. Most studies have only pointed out the characteristics of tea's bioactivities, so a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms of tea's bioactivities and their use risks are vital. AIM of Review The aim of this paper is to summarize the bioactive substances of tea and their pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms, providing a scientific basis for the application of bioactive substances in tea and outlining future research directions for the study of bioactive substances in tea. Key Scientific Concepts of Review This review summarizes the main biologically active substances, pharmacological effects, and mechanisms and discusses the potential risks. It may help researchers to grasp more comprehensive progress in the study of tea bioactive substances to further promote the application of tea as a natural bioactive substance in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxian Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, P. R. China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Longbiao Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, P. R. China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, P. R. China.
| | - Hua Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, P. R. China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China.
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11
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Liu C, Qian Z, Chen Z. A dual channel fluorescence tongue for catechin recognition based on the MnO 2 nanorods-Amplex Red- o-phenylenediamine reaction system. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:6476-6481. [PMID: 37987166 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01748f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a dual-channel fluorescence sensor array for catechin discrimination based on the MnO2 nanorods (NRs)-Amplex Red (AR)-o-phenylenediamine (OPD) catalytic reaction system. MnO2 catalyzes both OPD and AR oxidation, and the fluorescence intensity values generated at 550 nm and 590 nm provide "fingerprints" for the sensor array. Different catechins have varying degrees of inhibitory effects on the MnO2 NRs-AR-OPD catalytic reaction system, thus obtaining unique fluorescence response fingerprints. Through linear discriminant analysis (LDA), the sensor array can not only successfully distinguish 5 catechins with concentrations as low as 500 nM and different concentrations of catechins, but also realize the identification of catechin mixtures. Notably, this method only requires the preparation of a single nanomaterial that catalyzes two substrates simultaneously and can generate two different fluorescence signal outputs, greatly facilitating the design of the sensor array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zhenni Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Zhengbo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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12
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Franco EM, Alves LA, Naveed H, Freitas VAA, Bastos DC, Mattos-Graner RO. Amyloid Fibrils Produced by Streptococcus sanguinis Contribute to Biofilm Formation and Immune Evasion. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15686. [PMID: 37958670 PMCID: PMC10647432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial surface proteins assembled into amyloids contribute to biofilm formation and host immune evasion. Streptococcus sanguinis, a pioneer colonizer of teeth commonly involved in cardiovascular infections, expresses about thirty-three proteins anchored to the cell wall by sortase A. Here, we characterized the production of amyloid in S. sanguinis strains differing in biofilm and immune evasion phenotypes and investigated the role of sortase A in amyloidogenesis. Amyloid was identified in biofilms formed by nine strains, using Congo red (CR) staining and cross-polarized light microscopy. Additionally, EGCG, an amyloid inhibitor, impaired biofilm maturation in a strain-specific fashion. The amounts of amyloid-like components quantified in culture fluids of nine strains using thioflavin T and fluorimetry negatively correlated with bacterial binding to complement-activating proteins (SAP, C1q), C3b deposition and rates of opsonophagocytosis in PMNs, implying amyloid production in immune evasion. The deletion of the sortase A gene (srtA) in strain SK36 compromised amyloid production and sucrose-independent biofilm maturation. The srtA mutant further showed increased susceptibility to C3b deposition and altered interactions with PMNs as well as reduced persistence in human blood. These findings highlight the contribution of amyloids to biofilm formation and host immune evasion in S. sanguinis strains, further indicating the participation of sortase A substrates in amyloidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M. Franco
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (E.M.F.); (L.A.A.); (H.N.); (V.A.A.F.)
| | - Lívia A. Alves
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (E.M.F.); (L.A.A.); (H.N.); (V.A.A.F.)
- School of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL), São Paulo 01506-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Hassan Naveed
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (E.M.F.); (L.A.A.); (H.N.); (V.A.A.F.)
| | - Victor A. A. Freitas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (E.M.F.); (L.A.A.); (H.N.); (V.A.A.F.)
| | - Débora C. Bastos
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil;
- São Leopoldo Mandic Medical School, Campinas 13045-755, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata O. Mattos-Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (E.M.F.); (L.A.A.); (H.N.); (V.A.A.F.)
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13
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Cheng H, Zhang D, Wu J, Liu J, Zhou Y, Tan Y, Feng W, Peng C. Interactions between gut microbiota and polyphenols: A mechanistic and metabolomic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154979. [PMID: 37552899 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols are a class of naturally sourced compounds with widespread distribution and an extensive array of bioactivities. However, due to their complex constituents and weak absorption, a convincing explanation for their remarkable bioactivity remains elusive for a long time. In recent years, interaction with gut microbiota is hypothesized to be a reasonable explanation of the potential mechanisms for natural compounds especially polyphenols. OBJECTIVES This review aims to present a persuasive explanation for the contradiction between the limited bioavailability and the remarkable bioactivities of polyphenols by examining their interactions with gut microbiota. METHODS We assessed literatures published before April 10, 2023, from several databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The keywords used include "polyphenols", "gut microbiota", "short-chain fatty acids", "bile acids", "trimethylamine N-oxide", "lipopolysaccharides" "tryptophan", "dopamine", "intestinal barrier", "central nervous system", "lung", "anthocyanin", "proanthocyanidin", "baicalein", "caffeic acid", "curcumin", "epigallocatechin-3-gallate", "ferulic acid", "genistein", "kaempferol", "luteolin", "myricetin", "naringenin", "procyanidins", "protocatechuic acid", "pterostilbene", "quercetin", "resveratrol", etc. RESULTS: The review first demonstrates that polyphenols significantly alter gut microbiota diversity (α- and β-diversity) and the abundance of specific microorganisms. Polyphenols either promote or inhibit microorganisms, with various factors influencing their effects, such as dosage, treatment duration, and chemical structure of polyphenols. Furthermore, the review reveals that polyphenols regulate several gut microbiota metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, dopamine, trimethylamine N-oxide, bile acids, and lipopolysaccharides. Polyphenols affect these metabolites by altering gut microbiota composition, modifying microbial enzyme activity, and other potential mechanisms. The changed microbial metabolites induced by polyphenols subsequently trigger host responses in various ways, such as acting as intestinal acid-base homeostasis regulators and activating on specific target receptors. Additionally, polyphenols are transformed into microbial derivatives by gut microbiota and these polyphenols' microbial derivatives have many potential advantages (e.g., increased bioactivity, improved absorption). Lastly, the review shows polyphenols maintain intestinal barrier, central nervous system, and lung function homeostasis by regulating gut microbiota. CONCLUSION The interaction between polyphenols and gut microbiota provides a credible explanation for the exceptional bioactivities of polyphenols. This review aids our understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind the bioactivity of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Yaochuan Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.
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14
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Song HY, Deng ML, Yang JF, Ma J, Shu FF, Cheng WJ, Zhu XQ, Zou FC, He JJ. Transcriptomic, 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid and network pharmacology analyses shed light on the anticoccidial mechanism of green tea polyphenols against Eimeria tenella infection in Wuliangshan black-boned chickens. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:330. [PMID: 37726789 PMCID: PMC10510215 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eimeria tenella is an obligate intracellular parasitic protozoan that invades the chicken cecum and causes coccidiosis, which induces acute lesions and weight loss. Elucidating the anticoccidial mechanism of action of green tea polyphenols could aid the development of anticoccidial drugs and resolve the problem of drug resistance in E. tenella. METHODS We constructed a model of E. tenella infection in Wuliangshan black-boned chickens, an indigenous breed of Yunnan Province, China, to study the efficacy of green tea polyphenols against the infection. Alterations in gene expression and in the microbial flora in the cecum were analyzed by ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to verify the host gene expression data obtained by RNA sequencing. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to clarify the interactions between the component green tea polyphenols and the targeted proteins; potential anticoccidial herbs were also analyzed. RESULTS Treatment with the green tea polyphenols led to a reduction in the lesion score and weight loss of the chickens induced by E. tenella infection. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7), MMP1, nitric oxide synthase 2 and ephrin type-A receptor 2 was significantly altered in the E. tenella infection plus green tea polyphenol-treated group and in the E. tenella infection group compared with the control group; these genes were also predicted targets of tea polyphenols. Furthermore, the tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate acted on most of the targets, and the molecular docking analysis showed that it has good affinity with interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 protein. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing showed that the green tea polyphenols had a regulatory effect on changes in the fecal microbiota induced by E. tenella infection. In total, 171 herbs were predicted to act on two or three targets in MMP7, MMP1, nitric oxide synthase 2 and ephrin type-A receptor 2. CONCLUSIONS Green tea polyphenols can directly or indirectly regulate host gene expression and alter the growth of microbiota. The results presented here shed light on the mechanism of action of green tea polyphenols against E. tenella infection in chickens, and have implications for the development of novel anticoccidial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Song
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Ling Deng
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fa Yang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan-Fan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Cheng
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Cai Zou
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Liu C, Dong S, Wang X, Xu H, Liu C, Yang X, Wu S, Jiang X, Kan M, Xu C. Research progress of polyphenols in nanoformulations for antibacterial application. Mater Today Bio 2023; 21:100729. [PMID: 37529216 PMCID: PMC10387615 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious disease is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide, especially in low-income countries. The extensive use of antibiotics has led to an increase in antibiotic resistance, which poses a critical threat to human health globally. Natural products such as polyphenolic compounds and their derivatives have been shown the positive therapeutic effects in antibacterial therapy. However, the inherent physicochemical properties of polyphenolic compounds and their derivatives limit their pharmaceutical effects, such as short half-lives, chemical instability, low bioavailability, and poor water solubility. Nanoformulations have shown promising advantages in improving antibacterial activity by controlling the release of drugs and enhancing the bioavailability of polyphenols. In this review, we listed the classification and antibacterial mechanisms of the polyphenolic compounds. More importantly, the nanoformulations for the delivery of polyphenols as the antibacterial agent were summarized, including different types of nanoparticles (NPs) such as polymer-based NPs, metal-based NPs, lipid-based NPs, and nanoscaffolds such as nanogels, nanofibers, and nanoemulsions. At the same time, we also presented the potential biological applications of the nano-system to enhance the antibacterial ability of polyphenols, aiming to provide a new therapeutic perspective for the antibiotic-free treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shuhan Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Huiqing Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shanli Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mujie Kan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Caina Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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16
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Zhong W, Tang M, Xie Y, Huang X, Liu Y. Tea Polyphenols Inhibit the Activity and Toxicity of Staphylococcus aureus by Destroying Cell Membranes and Accumulating Reactive Oxygen Species. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:294-302. [PMID: 37347934 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus can cause bacterial food intoxication and seriously affect human health. Tea polyphenols (TP) are a kind of natural, safe, and broad-spectrum bacteriostatic substances, with a wide range of bacteriostatic effects. In the study, we explored the possible bacteriostatic mode of TP. The minimum inhibitory concentration of TP against S. aureus was 64 μg/mL. Protein, DNA, and K+ leak experiments, fluorescence microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy suggested that TP disrupt cell membranes, leading to intracellular component loss. By studying the effect of TP on the toxicity of S. aureus, it was found that the expression levels of two toxin genes, coa and spa, were downregulated by 2.37 and 32.6, respectively. Furthermore, after treatment with TP, a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were propagated and released, leading to oxidative stress in cells. We speculated that the bacteriostatic mechanism of TP may be through the destruction of the cell membrane and ROS-mediated oxidative stress. Meanwhile, the hemolysis activity proved the safety of TP. Our results suggested that TP may be a potential antimicrobial agent for food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Intensive Processing Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Mengsheng Tang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Intensive Processing Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Intensive Processing Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xianqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Intensive Processing Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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17
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Garg H, Singhal N, Singh A, Khan MD, Sheikh J. Laccase-assisted colouration of wool fabric using green tea extract for imparting antioxidant, antibacterial, and UV protection activities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84386-84396. [PMID: 37365356 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The demand for natural dyes for imparting sustainable dyeing effects to textiles is increasing. Metal mordants generate an unstainable impact in the natural dyeing of textiles. In order to avoid the toxic effect due to the use of metal mordants, the present work uses enzyme for sustainable natural dyeing of wool. The current study is aimed at preparing multifunctional wool fabric using natural dye green tea (Camellia sinensis). Laccase (an enzyme) was used to polymerise the phenolic compounds of Camellia sinensis in situ on wool. The in situ colouration of wool fabric was performed at various varying dyeing conditions (temperature, time, and concentrations) using laccase. Colouration properties (colour values and strength) were examined to estimate the appearance of dyed fabrics. The evaluation of dyed fabrics for functional properties such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and UV protection was done. The efficient functional properties viz, antibacterial activity (> 75%), antioxidant property (> 90%), and excellent UV protection, were obtained. FTIR analysis of separately prepared polymeric dye and the dyed fabric was also done to confirm the laccase-assisted polymerisation. Thus, a novel approach of enzymatic functional natural dyeing of wool was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Garg
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Neharika Singhal
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Singh
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Danish Khan
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Javed Sheikh
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.
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18
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Kon R, Ikarashi N, Yamaguchi A, Teshima Y, Yamaguchi T, Miyaoka K, Fukuda M, Noguchi H, Tomimoto R, Sakai H, Kamei J, Hosoe T. Green tea extract prevents CPT-11-induced diarrhea by regulating the gut microbiota. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6537. [PMID: 37085597 PMCID: PMC10121581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33731-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT-11) is an anticancer drug with indications for use in treating various cancers, but severe diarrhea develops as a side effect. We investigated the effects of green tea extract (GTE) on CPT-11-induced diarrhea, focusing on β-glucuronidase and intestinal UGT1A1. When CPT-11 was administered to rats alone, the fecal water content was approximately 3.5-fold higher in this group than in the control group, and diarrhea developed. The fecal water content in the GTE-treated group was significantly higher than that in the control group, but the difference was smaller than that between the group treated with CPT-11 alone and the control group, and diarrhea improved. When CPT-11 was administered alone, the abundances of Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli, which are β-glucuronidase-producing bacteria, increased and interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β mRNA levels in the colon increased, but GTE suppressed these increases. CPT-11 decreased colon UGT1A1 and short-chain fatty acid levels; however, this decrease was suppressed in the GTE-treated group. The findings that GTE decreases the abundance of β-glucuronidase-producing bacteria and increases colon UGT1A1 levels, thereby decreasing the production of the active metabolite SN-38 in the intestinal tract, indicate that GTE ameliorates CPT-11-induced diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Arisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yuka Teshima
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tamami Yamaguchi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kanako Miyaoka
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Moeno Fukuda
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Hinata Noguchi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Rei Tomimoto
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, 2-4-4 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomoo Hosoe
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
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Effects of Chronic Administration of Green Tea Ethanol Extract on Sleep Architecture in Mice: A Comparative Study with a Representative Stimulant Caffeine. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041042. [PMID: 36839400 PMCID: PMC9967785 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Wakefulness is defined as a state in which individuals can react to a change in situations. The number of people staying awake and compensating for lack of sleep has increased in recent years. Caffeine, a representative stimulant, is the most extensively consumed compound globally and is mainly consumed through coffee. Although green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) contains high caffeine content like coffee, its arousal-inducing effects have not yet been studied. In the present study, we aimed to identify the arousal-inducing effect of GT during a chronic administration period (three weeks) using analysis of sleep architecture. Treatment with GT (1500 mg/kg) significantly elevated the sleep latency and wakefulness throughout the treatment period, and chronic administration of GT consistently maintained an increase in wakefulness for up to 3 h. During the treatment period, the arousal-inducing effect of GT (1500 mg/kg) occurred without any change in the tolerance phenomenon or withdrawal symptoms, similar to that observed with caffeine (25 mg/kg). GT (1500 mg/kg) containing 95.6 mg/kg of caffeine did not produce a better arousal-inducing effect than caffeine at 25 mg/kg. These results indicate that the arousal-inducing effect of GT persisted for three weeks without adverse effects and that GT can control the arousal-inducing effects of caffeine due to the hypnotic effects of its other constituents.
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Lobiuc A, Pavăl NE, Mangalagiu II, Gheorghiță R, Teliban GC, Amăriucăi-Mantu D, Stoleru V. Future Antimicrobials: Natural and Functionalized Phenolics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031114. [PMID: 36770780 PMCID: PMC9920704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With incidence of antimicrobial resistance rising globally, there is a continuous need for development of new antimicrobial molecules. Phenolic compounds having a versatile scaffold that allows for a broad range of chemical additions; they also exhibit potent antimicrobial activities which can be enhanced significantly through functionalization. Synthetic routes such as esterification, phosphorylation, hydroxylation or enzymatic conjugation may increase the antimicrobial activity of compounds and reduce minimal concentrations needed. With potent action mechanisms interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis, DNA replication or enzyme production, phenolics can target multiple sites in bacteria, leading to a much higher sensitivity of cells towards these natural compounds. The current review summarizes some of the most important knowledge on functionalization of natural phenolic compounds and the effects on their antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Lobiuc
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Naomi-Eunicia Pavăl
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University, 720229 Suceava, Romania
- Correspondence: (N.-E.P.); (I.I.M.)
| | - Ionel I. Mangalagiu
- Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (N.-E.P.); (I.I.M.)
| | - Roxana Gheorghiță
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Gabriel-Ciprian Teliban
- Department of Horticulture Technologies, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Vasile Stoleru
- Department of Horticulture Technologies, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania
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21
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Effects of a Semisynthetic Catechin on Phosphatidylglycerol Membranes: A Mixed Experimental and Simulation Study. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010422. [PMID: 36615630 PMCID: PMC9824143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Catechins have been shown to display a great variety of biological activities, prominent among them are their chemo preventive and chemotherapeutic properties against several types of cancer. The amphiphilic nature of catechins points to the membrane as a potential target for their actions. 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoate of catechin (TMBC) is a modified structural analog of catechin that shows significant antiproliferative activity against melanoma and breast cancer cells. Phosphatidylglycerol is an anionic membrane phospholipid with important physical and biochemical characteristics that make it biologically relevant. In addition, phosphatidylglycerol is a preeminent component of bacterial membranes. Using biomimetic membranes, we examined the effects of TMBC on the structural and dynamic properties of phosphatidylglycerol bilayers by means of biophysical techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy, together with an analysis through molecular dynamics simulation. We found that TMBC perturbs the thermotropic gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition and promotes immiscibility in both phospholipid phases. The modified catechin decreases the thickness of the bilayer and is able to form hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl groups of the phospholipid. Experimental data support the simulated data that locate TMBC as mostly forming clusters in the middle region of each monolayer approaching the carbonyl moiety of the phospholipid. The presence of TMBC modifies the structural and dynamic properties of the phosphatidylglycerol bilayer. The decrease in membrane thickness and the change of the hydrogen bonding pattern in the interfacial region of the bilayer elicited by the catechin might contribute to the alteration of the events taking place in the membrane and might help to understand the mechanism of action of the diverse effects displayed by catechins.
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Gao J, Yang Z, Zhao C, Tang X, Jiang Q, Yin Y. A comprehensive review on natural phenolic compounds as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022:10.1007/s11427-022-2246-4. [PMID: 36586071 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intensive livestock and poultry farming in China largely relied on the use of in-feed antibiotics until July 2020. The consequences of antibiotic overuse in animal feed include accumulation in animal products and the development of bacterial antibiotic resistance, both of which threaten food safety and human health. China has now completely banned the circulation of commercial feed containing growth-promoting drug additives (except Chinese herbal medicine). Therefore, alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in animal production are greatly needed. Natural phenolic compounds (NPCs) exist widely in plants and are non-toxic, non-polluting, highly reproducible, and leave little residue. Many natural flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, and stilbenes have polyphenol chemical structures and exhibit great potential as alternatives to antibiotics. In this review we delineate the characteristics of plant-derived NPCs and summarize their current applications as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics, aiming to provide new strategies for antibiotic-free feeding and promote the development of more sustainable animal husbandry practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxia Gao
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chongqi Zhao
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiongzhuo Tang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China. .,Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China. .,Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
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23
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Wang J, Yu Z, Wu W, He S, Xie B, Wu M, Sun Z. Molecular mechanism of epicatechin gallate binding with carboxymethyl β-glucan and its effect on antibacterial activity. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120105. [PMID: 36241282 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The non-covalent binding between flavanols and polysaccharides has impacts on their bioactivities, but the binding mechanism is less understood. This work aimed to unveil the non-covalent interactions between epicatechin gallate (ECG) and anionic carboxymethyl Poria cocos polysaccharide (CMPN) at the structural and molecular level based on the synergistic antibacterial effect between them. The results suggested that there was hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction between ECG and CMPN, which was also supported by the results of molecular dynamics simulations. The resulting changes in physicochemical properties enhanced the antibacterial activity of the ECG-CMPN mixture. More specifically, through two-dimensional Fourier transform infrared correlation spectrum (2D-FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) analysis, COO- in CMPN carboxymethyl and CO in ECG galloyl had the highest response priority and binding strength in the interaction, allowing us to conclude the critical functional groups that affect the non-covalent interactions of polysaccharide and flavanols and their bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Zuwei Yu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Shumin He
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Bijun Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muci Wu
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Zhida Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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New Perspectives on Sleep Regulation by Tea: Harmonizing Pathological Sleep and Energy Balance under Stress. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233930. [PMID: 36496738 PMCID: PMC9738644 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep, a conservative evolutionary behavior of organisms to adapt to changes in the external environment, is divided into natural sleep, in a healthy state, and sickness sleep, which occurs in stressful environments or during illness. Sickness sleep plays an important role in maintaining energy homeostasis under an injury and promoting physical recovery. Tea, a popular phytochemical-rich beverage, has multiple health benefits, including lowering stress and regulating energy metabolism and natural sleep. However, the role of tea in regulating sickness sleep has received little attention. The mechanism underlying tea regulation of sickness sleep and its association with the maintenance of energy homeostasis in injured organisms remains to be elucidated. This review examines the current research on the effect of tea on sleep regulation, focusing on the function of tea in modulating energy homeostasis through sickness sleep, energy metabolism, and damage repair in model organisms. The potential mechanisms underlying tea in regulating sickness sleep are further suggested. Based on the biohomology of sleep regulation, this review provides novel insights into the role of tea in sleep regulation and a new perspective on the potential role of tea in restoring homeostasis from diseases.
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Alqahtani A, Marrez DA, Aleraky M, Fagir NA, Alqahtani O, Othman S, El Raey MA, Attia HG. Characterization and Isolation of the Major Biologically Active Metabolites Isolated from Ficus retusa and Their Synergistic Effect with Tetracycline against Certain Pathogenic-Resistant Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121473. [PMID: 36558923 PMCID: PMC9781782 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, pathogenic microbes have reached a worrisome level of antibiotic resistance. Our work aims to identify and isolate the active components from the bioactive Ficus retusa bark extract and assess the potential synergistic activity of the most major compounds' constituents with the antibiotic tetracycline against certain pathogenic bacterial strains. The phytochemical screening of an acetone extract of F. retusa bark using column chromatography led to the identification of 10 phenolic components. The synergistic interaction of catechin and chlorogenic acid as the most major compounds with tetracycline was evaluated by checkerboard assay followed by time-kill assay, against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Salmonella typhi with fraction inhibitory concentration index values (FICI) of 0.38, 0.43, 0.38, 0.38, 0.38, and 0.75 for catechin and 0.38, 0.65, 0.38, 0.63, 0.38, and 0.75 for chlorogenic acid. The combination of catechin and chlorogenic acid with tetracycline significantly enhanced antibacterial action against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms; therefore, catechin and chlorogenic acid combinations with tetracycline could be employed as innovative and safe antibiotics to combat microbial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwahab Alqahtani
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaa A. Marrez
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Aleraky
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada A. Fagir
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omaish Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir Othman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6th of October University, Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El Raey
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (M.A.E.R.); (H.G.A.)
| | - Hany G. Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or (M.A.E.R.); (H.G.A.)
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26
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Jia WB, Zhao YQ, Liao SY, Li PW, Zou Y, Chen SX, Chen W, He CL, Du X, Zhu MZ, Xu W. Dynamic changes in the diversity and function of bacterial community during black tea processing. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Morena AG, Tzanov T. Antibacterial lignin-based nanoparticles and their use in composite materials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4447-4469. [PMID: 36341306 PMCID: PMC9595106 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00423b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, one of the most abundant biopolymers on earth, has been traditionally considered a low-value by-product of the pulp and paper industries. This renewable raw material, besides being a source of valuable molecules for the chemical industry, also has antioxidant, UV-absorbing, and antibacterial properties in its macromolecular form. Moreover, lignin in the form of nanoparticles (LigNPs) presents advantages over bulk lignin, such as higher reactivity due to its larger surface-to-volume ratio. In view of the rapid surge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), caused by the overuse of antibiotics, continuous development of novel antibacterial agents is needed. The use of LigNPs as antibacterial agents is a suitable alternative to conventional antibiotics for topical application or chemical disinfectants for surfaces and packaging. Besides, their multiple and unspecific targets in the bacterial cell may prevent the emergence of AMR. This review summarizes the latest developments in antibacterial nano-formulated lignin, both in dispersion and embedded in materials. The following roles of lignin in the formulation of antibacterial NPs have been analyzed: (i) an antibacterial active in nanoformulations, (ii) a reducing and capping agent for antimicrobial metals, and (iii) a carrier of other antibacterial agents. Finally, the review covers the inclusion of LigNPs in films, fibers, hydrogels, and foams, for obtaining antibacterial lignin-based nanocomposites for a variety of applications, including food packaging, wound healing, and medical coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gala Morena
- Group of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Rambla Sant Nebridi 22 Terrassa 08222 Spain +34 93 739 82 25 +34 93 739 85 70
| | - Tzanko Tzanov
- Group of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Rambla Sant Nebridi 22 Terrassa 08222 Spain +34 93 739 82 25 +34 93 739 85 70
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28
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Ren J, Li Y, Lin Q, Li Z, Zhang G. Development of biomaterials based on plasticized polylactic acid and tea polyphenols for active-packaging application. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:814-823. [PMID: 35907448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive-packaging films based on polylactic acid (PLA), acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), and tea polyphenol (TP) were prepared by melt blending. Results of mechanical-property test revealed that adding ATBC and TP can significantly improve mechanical properties of PLA. The shift of CO to lower wavelengths in FTIR and the morphology of the films in SEM indicated physical or chemical interactions in the PLA/ATBC/TP films. The antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of the PLA/ATBC films increased dramatically (P<0.05) with increased TP amount. The antioxidant activity of the films with 1 % TP was equivalent to that of 300 mg/L l-ascorbic acid, whereas PLA/ATBC/TP films with 0.5 % and 1 % TP concentration were effective in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli within almost 5 h (P<0.05). The PLA films changed from transparent to opaque and from yellow to red after combining with ATBC or TP, respectively. The overall migration of the films in 3 % acetic acid and 10 % ethanol did not exceed the overall migration limit. All these findings indicated potential of the PLA/ATBC/TP films in active-packaging application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhou Ren
- Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yana Li
- Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Qinbao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics, Packaging Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China
| | - Zenghui Li
- Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Guoquan Zhang
- Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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29
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Aljuffali IA, Lin CH, Yang SC, Alalaiwe A, Fang JY. Nanoencapsulation of Tea Catechins for Enhancing Skin Absorption and Therapeutic Efficacy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:187. [PMID: 35798907 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea catechins are a group of flavonoids that show many bioactivities. Catechins have been extensively reported as a potential treatment for skin disorders, including skin cancers, acne, photoaging, cutaneous wounds, scars, alopecia, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and microbial infection. In particular, there has been an increasing interest in the discovery of cosmetic applications using catechins as the active ingredient because of their antioxidant and anti-aging activities. However, active molecules with limited lipophilicity have difficulty penetrating the skin barrier, resulting in low bioavailability. Nevertheless, topical application is a convenient method for delivering catechins into the skin. Nanomedicine offers an opportunity to improve the delivery efficiency of tea catechins and related compounds. The advantages of catechin-loaded nanocarriers for topical application include high catechin loading efficiency, sustained or prolonged release, increased catechin stability, improved bioavailability, and enhanced accumulation or targeting to the nidus. Further, various types of nanoparticles, including liposomes, niosomes, micelles, lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, liquid crystalline nanoparticles, and nanocrystals, have been employed for topical catechin delivery. These nanoparticles can improve catechin permeation via close skin contact, increased skin hydration, skin structure disorganization, and follicular uptake. In this review, we describe the catechin skin delivery approaches based on nanomedicine for treating skin disorders. We also provide an in-depth description of how nanoparticles effectively improve the skin absorption of tea catechins and related compounds, such as caffeine. Furthermore, we summarize the possible future applications and the limitations of nanocarriers for topical delivery at the end of this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Aljuffali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chih-Hung Lin
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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30
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Impact of theaflavin soaking pretreatment on oxidative stabilities and physicochemical properties of semi-dried large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) fillets during storage. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Reveals the Molecular Basis for the Recalcitrant Genetic Transformation of Camellia sinensis L. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050688. [PMID: 35625616 PMCID: PMC9138961 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.), an important economic crop, is recalcitrant to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (AMT), which has seriously hindered the progress of molecular research on this species. The mechanisms leading to low efficiency of AMT in tea plants, related to the morphology, growth, and gene expression of Agrobacterium tumefaciens during tea-leaf explant infection, were compared to AMT of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves in the present work. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that tea leaves induced significant morphological aberrations on bacterial cells and affected pathogen–plant attachment, the initial step of a successful AMT. RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis on Agrobacterium at 0, 3 and 4 days after leaf post-inoculation resulted in 762, 1923 and 1656 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the tea group and the tobacco group, respectively. The expressions of genes involved in bacterial fundamental metabolic processes, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, two-component systems (TCSs), secretion systems, and quorum sensing (QS) systems were severely affected in response to the tea-leaf phylloplane. Collectively, these results suggest that compounds in tea leaves, especially gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) and catechins, interfered with plant–pathogen attachment, essential minerals (iron and potassium) acquisition, and quorum quenching (QQ) induction, which may have been major contributing factors to hinder AMT efficiency of the tea plant.
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32
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Ali IAA, Neelakantan P. Antibiofilm activity of phytochemicals against Enterococcus faecalis: A literature review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2824-2838. [PMID: 35522168 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a leading causative pathogen of recalcitrant infections affecting heart valves, urinary tract, surgical wounds and dental root canals. Its robust biofilm formation, production of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance contribute significantly to its pathogenicity in persistent infections. The decreased effectiveness of most of antibiotics in preventing and/or eradicating E. faecalis biofilms mandates the discovery of alternative novel antibiofilm agents. Phytochemicals are potential sources of antibiofilm agents due to their antivirulence activity, diversity of chemical structure and multiple mechanisms of action. In this review, we describe the phenotypic and genetic attributes that contribute to antimicrobial tolerance of E. faecalis biofilms. We illuminate the benefits of implementing the phytochemicals to tackle microbial pathogens. Finally, we report the antibiofilm activity of phytochemicals against E. faecalis, and explain their mechanisms of action. These compounds belong to different chemical classes such as terpenes, phenylpropenes, flavonoids, curcuminoids and alkaloids. They demonstrate the ability to inhibit the formation of and/or eradicate E. faecalis biofilms. However, the exact mechanisms of action of most of these compounds are not fully understood. Therefore, the future studies should elucidate the underlying mechanisms in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam A A Ali
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Recent Advancements in Enhancing Antimicrobial Activity of Plant-Derived Polyphenols by Biochemical Means. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plants are a reservoir of phytochemicals, which are known to possess several beneficial health properties. Along with all the secondary metabolites, polyphenols have emerged as potential replacements for synthetic additives due to their lower toxicity and fewer side effects. However, controlling microbial growth using these preservatives requires very high doses of plant-derived compounds, which limits their use to only specific conditions. Their use at high concentrations leads to unavoidable changes in the organoleptic properties of foods. Therefore, the biochemical modification of natural preservatives can be a promising alternative to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of plant-derived compounds/polyphenols. Amongst these modifications, low concentration of ascorbic acid (AA)–Cu (II), degradation products of ascorbic acid (DPAA), Maillard reaction products (MRPs), laccase–mediator (Lac–Med) and horse radish peroxidase (HRP)–H2O2 systems standout. This review reveals the importance of plant polyphenols, their role as antimicrobial agents, the mechanism of the biochemical methods and the ways these methods may be used in enhancing the antimicrobial potency of the plant polyphenols. Ultimately, this study may act as a base for the development of potent antimicrobial agents that may find their use in food applications.
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Sinsinwar S, Jayaraman A, Mahapatra SK, Vellingiri V. Anti-virulence properties of catechin-in-cyclodextrin-in-phospholipid liposome through down-regulation of gene expression in MRSA strains. Microb Pathog 2022; 167:105585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Huang R, Zhang F, Wang T, Zhang Y, Li X, Chen Y, Ma C. Effect of Intrinsic Tannins on the Fermentation Quality and Associated with the Bacterial and Fungal Community of Sainfoin Silage. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050844. [PMID: 35630290 PMCID: PMC9147618 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is rich in condensed tannins (CT). CT function includes inhibiting bacterial and fungi activity during the ensiling process. We used polyethylene glycol (PEG) to deactivate tannin activity to find out the effects of CT. The results show that the addition of PEG increased dry-matter loss (8.32% vs. 14.15%, on a dry-matter basis) after 60 d of ensiling, and also increased lactic acid (10.90% vs. 15.90%, on a dry-matter basis) and acetic-acid content (7.32% vs. 13.85%, on a dry-matter basis) after 30 d of ensiling. The PEG-treated group increased its Pediococcus relative abundance (0.37−3.38% vs. 7.82−23.5%,) during the ensiling process, increased its Gibellulopsis relative abundance after 3 d of ensiling (5.96% vs. 19.52%), increased its Vishniacozyma relative abundance after 3 d and 7 d of ensiling (2.36% vs. 17.02%, 3.65% vs. 17.17%), and increased its Aspergillus relative abundance after 7 d, 14 d and 60 d of ensiling (0.28% vs. 1.32%, 0.49% vs. 2.84% and 1.74% vs. 7.56%). However, the PEG-treated group decreased its Alternaria relative abundance during entire ensiling process (14.00−25.21% vs. 3.33−7.49%). These results suggest that condensed tannins inhibit lactic-acid bacteria fermentation though reducing Pediococcus activity, and inhibiting fungi activity depending on different strains.
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Xu L, Ho CT, Liu Y, Wu Z, Zhang X. Potential Application of Tea Polyphenols to the Prevention of COVID-19 Infection: Based on the Gut-Lung Axis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:899842. [PMID: 35495940 PMCID: PMC9046984 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.899842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disrupts the intestinal micro-ecological balance, and patients often develop the intestinal disease. The gut is the largest immune organ in the human body; intestinal microbes can affect the immune function of the lungs through the gut-lung axis. It has been reported that tea polyphenols (TPs) have antiviral and prebiotic activity. In this review, we discussed TPs reduced lung-related diseases through gut-lung axis by inhibiting dysbiosis. In addition, we also highlighted the preventive and therapeutic effects of TPs on COVID-19 complications, further demonstrating the importance of research on TPs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in humans. Based on this understanding, we recommend using TPs to regulate the gut microbiota to prevent or alleviate COVID-19 through the gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Chi-Tang Ho
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Xin Zhang
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Antimicrobial Activity of the Green Tea Polyphenol (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) against Clinical Isolates of Multidrug-Resistant Vibrio cholerae. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040518. [PMID: 35453268 PMCID: PMC9028445 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Vibrio cholerae necessitates the development of novel prevention and treatment strategies. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of green tea polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) against MDR V. cholerae. First, MIC and MBC values were evaluated by broth microdilution techniques against 45 V. cholerae strains. The checkerboard assay was then used to determine the synergistic effect of EGCG and tetracycline. The pharmaceutical mode of action of EGCG was clarified by time-killing kinetics and membrane disruption assay. Our results revealed that all of the 45 clinical isolates were susceptible to EGCG, with MIC and MBC values in the range of 62.5–250 µg/mL and 125–500 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of EGCG and tetracycline was greater than either treatment alone, with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.009 and 0.018 in the O1 and O139 representative serotypes, respectively. Time-killing kinetics analysis suggested that EGCG had bactericidal activity for MDR V. cholerae after exposure to at least 62.5 µg/mL EGCG within 1 h. The mode of action of EGCG might be associated with membrane disrupting permeability, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. This is the first indication that EGCG is a viable anti-MDR V. cholerae treatment.
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Antibacterial and Sporicidal Activity Evaluation of Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042153. [PMID: 35216265 PMCID: PMC8877948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TFDG), a polyphenol derived from the leaves of Camellia sinensis, is known to have many health benefits. In this study, the antibacterial effect of TFDG against nine bacteria and the sporicidal activities on spore-forming Bacillus spp. have been investigated. Microplate assay, colony-forming unit, BacTiter-GloTM, and Live/Dead Assays showed that 250 µg/mL TFDG was able to inhibit bacterial growth up to 99.97%, while 625 µg/mL TFDG was able to inhibit up to 99.92% of the spores from germinating after a one-hour treatment. Binding analysis revealed the favorable binding affinity of two germination-associated proteins, GPR and Lgt (GerF), to TFDG, ranging from -7.6 to -10.3 kcal/mol. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that TFDG treatment lowered the expression of gpr, ranging from 0.20 to 0.39 compared to the control in both Bacillus spp. The results suggest that TFDG not only inhibits the growth of vegetative cells but also prevents the germination of bacterial spores. This report indicates that TFDG is a promising broad-spectrum antibacterial and anti-spore agent against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, acid-fast bacteria, and endospores. The potential anti-germination mechanism has also been elucidated.
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Shao W, Chen R, Lin G, Ran K, Zhang Y, Yang J, Pan H, Shangguan J, Zhao Y, Xu H. In situ mucoadhesive hydrogel capturing tripeptide KPV: the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and repairing effect on chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:227-242. [PMID: 34846053 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01466h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The self-healing of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis is difficult in practice because of both local bacterial infection and severe inflammation. Herein, in situ mucoadhesive hydrogels (PPP_E) were successfully prepared by using temperature-sensitive PLGA-PEG-PLGA (PPP) as a matrix and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) with inherent antibacterial activity as an adhesion enhancer. A series of PPP_E precursor solutions with various EGCG concentrations (1%, 2% and 5%) were prepared by fixing the PPP concentration at 25%. EGCG slightly decreased the sol-gel transition temperature and shortened the sol-gel transition time of the PPP hydrogel. Moreover, the incorporation of EGCG could significantly increase the tissue adhesion properties of the PPP hydrogel at 37 °C. PPP_2%E displayed a suitable gelation temperature (36.2 °C), gelation time (100 s) and storage modulus (48 Pa). Tripeptide KPV as a model drug was easily dissolved in cold PPP_2%E precursor solution to prepare KPV@PPP_2%E hydrogel. The anti-inflammatory activity and promotion of cell migration potential by KPV in PPP-2% E hydrogel were well maintained. Moreover, KPV@PPP_2%E exhibited strong antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus. PPP_2%E precursor solution rapidly transformed to a hydrogel and adhered to the wound surface for 7 hours when administrated to the gingival mucosa of rats. Treatment with KPV@PPP_2%E hydrogel greatly improved the food intake and body weight recovery of rats with chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Moreover, the tissue morphology of the ulcerated gingiva after application of KPV@PPP_E hydrogel was also well repaired by promoting CK10 and PCNA expression. In addition, the inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly inhibited by KPV@PPP_2%E hydrogel while IL-10 was up-regulated. KPV@PPP_2%E hydrogel also had an anti-bacterial effect on MRSA-infected gingival ulcer wounds, which resulted in the obvious inhibition of infiltration by inflammatory cells into submucosal tissues. Conclusively, KPV@PPP_E may be a promising practical application for cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Shao
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Gaolong Lin
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Kunjie Ran
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Hanxiao Pan
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Jianxun Shangguan
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Yingzheng Zhao
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
| | - Helin Xu
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
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In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Green Tea Polyphenon-60 against Avian Paramyxoviruses. Vet Med Int 2021; 2021:3411525. [PMID: 34912537 PMCID: PMC8668330 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3411525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) have caused an economically significant drop in global domestic poultry production because of their high morbidity and mortality rates. Polyphenols are the major components of green tea that have great antiviral effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-APMV activities of polyphenon-60. Twelve APMV-1 strains representing three different pathotypes, two strains of APMV-2, one strain of APMV-3, and one strain of APMV-7 were propagated in chicken embryos. To determine the cytotoxic effect, chicken embryo fibroblasts were treated with the test compound in various concentrations. To assess the antiviral properties, time-dependent, dose-dependent, and virulence-dependent experiments were conducted in both cell and chicken embryo models. A reduction in virus titers was measured by the hemagglutination test. The inhibitory effect on virus adsorption to the chicken red blood cell (RBC) surface was examined by the hemagglutination inhibition test. The results showed that lentogenic and mesogenic APMV-1 strains, APMV-3 strain, and APMV-7 strain were significantly inhibited (
) by polyphenon-60 at 50 μg/ml, while the 50% cytotoxic concentration of the compound was 345 μg/ml. Polyphenon-60 also exhibited the inhibitory activity against hemagglutination by NDV. Taken together, the results suggest that polyphenon-60 has shown promise as an antiviral agent that has wide safety margins against APMVs, and challenge studies to evaluate its efficacy in chickens are necessary.
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Hu QM, Yang Z, Zhang YY, Bao GH. Efficient development of antibacterial (−) -epigallocatechin gallate-PBCA nanoparticles using ethyl acetate as oil phase through interfacial polymerization. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Hemmati V, Garavand F, Khorshidian N, Cacciotti I, Goudarzi M, Chaichi M, Tiwari BK. Impact of cold atmospheric plasma on microbial safety, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, volatile compounds, surface morphology, and sensory quality of green tea powder. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Phimphilai S, Koonyosying P, Hutachok N, Kampoun T, Daw R, Chaiyasut C, Prasartthong-osoth V, Srichairatanakool S. Identifying Chemical Composition, Safety and Bioactivity of Thai Rice Grass Extract Drink in Cells and Animals. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226887. [PMID: 34833982 PMCID: PMC8621899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice grass has been reported to contain bioactive compounds that possess antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities. We aimed to assess rice grass extract (RGE) drink by determining catechin content, free-radical scavenging and iron-binding properties, as well as toxicity in cells and animals. Young rice grass (Sukhothai-1 strain) was dried, extracted with hot water and lyophilized in a vacuum chamber. The resulting extract was reconstituted with deionized water (260 mg/40 mL) and served as Sukhothai-1 rice grass extract drink (ST1-RGE). HPLC results revealed at least eight phenolic compounds, for which the major catechins were catechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) (2.71-3.57, 0.98-1.85 and 25.47-27.55 mg/40 mL serving, respectively). Elements (As, Cu, Pb, Sn and Zn) and aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1 and G2) contents did not exceed the relevant limits when compared with WHO guideline values. Importantly, ST1-RGE drink exerted radical-scavenging, iron-chelating and anti-lipid peroxidation properties in aqueous and biological environments in a concentration-dependent manner. The drink was not toxic to cells and animals. Thus, Sukhothai-1 rice grass product is an edible drink that is rich in catechins, particularly EGCG, and exhibited antioxidant, free radical scavenging and iron-binding/chelating properties. The product represents a functional drink that is capable of alleviating conditions of oxidative stress and iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthaya Phimphilai
- Division of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Agro-Industry, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand;
| | - Pimpisid Koonyosying
- Oxidative Stress Research Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.H.); (T.K.); (R.D.)
| | - Nuntouchaporn Hutachok
- Oxidative Stress Research Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.H.); (T.K.); (R.D.)
| | - Tanyaluk Kampoun
- Oxidative Stress Research Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.H.); (T.K.); (R.D.)
| | - Rufus Daw
- Oxidative Stress Research Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.H.); (T.K.); (R.D.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | | | - Somdet Srichairatanakool
- Oxidative Stress Research Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.H.); (T.K.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-5393-5322
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Natural Anti-Microbials for Enhanced Microbial Safety and Shelf-Life of Processed Packaged Meat. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071598. [PMID: 34359468 PMCID: PMC8305275 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial food contamination is a major concern for consumers and food industries. Consumers desire nutritious, safe and “clean label” products, free of synthetic preservatives and food industries and food scientists try to meet their demands by finding natural effective alternatives for food preservation. One of the alternatives to synthetic preservatives is the use of natural anti-microbial agents in the food products and/or in the packaging materials. Meat and processed meat products are characteristic examples of products that are highly perishable; hence natural anti-microbials can be used for extending their shelf-life and enhancing their safety. Despite several examples of the successful application of natural anti-microbial agents in meat products reported in research studies, their commercial use remains limited. This review objective is to present an extensive overview of recent research in the field of natural anti-microbials, covering essential oils, plant extracts, flavonoids, animal-derived compounds, organic acids, bacteriocins and nanoparticles. The anti-microbial mode of action of the agents, in situ studies involving meat products, regulations and, limitations for usage and future perspectives are described. The review concludes that naturally derived anti-microbials can potentially support the meat industry to provide “clean label”, nutritious and safe meat products for consumers.
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Deka H, Sarmah PP, Devi A, Tamuly P, Karak T. Changes in major catechins, caffeine, and antioxidant activity during CTC processing of black tea from North East India. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11457-11467. [PMID: 35423631 PMCID: PMC8695946 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09529j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) leaves undergo complex chemical transformations during black tea processing. However, the dynamic chemical changes during tea processing have not been explored in popular cultivars of North East India. In this study, changes in catechins, caffeine, total polyphenol (TP) and formation of theaflavins were examined throughout the different stages of CTC (curl, tear and crush) black tea processing based on UPLC metabolomic analysis along with antioxidant activity for eight cultivars viz. S.3A/3, TV1, TV7, TV9, TV17, TV22, TV23 and TV25. The results demonstrated that the most prolific changes were observed after complete maceration of tea leaves. The total catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epicatechin gallate levels decreased by 96, 97 and 89%, respectively as the processing progressed from fresh leaves to black tea. The TP level decreased by 26 to 37% throughout the processing path. The caffeine content increased by 18% during processing. The total theaflavin reached the highest level at 20 min of fermentation and then decreased by 13 to 36% at 40 min. Cultivar TV23 and S.3A/3 had a high content of total theaflavin with 17.9 and 16.9 mg g-1, respectively. The antioxidant activity was observed to be decreased by 31% for the black tea as compared to fresh leaves. It is also observed that the total phenolic content exerted a greater effect on antioxidant activity rather than catechins and theaflavins. This study provides an insightful observation of black tea processing which will immensely help in improving the quality of processed tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangshu Deka
- Biochemistry Department, Tocklai Tea Research Institute Jorhat 785008 Assam India
| | - Podma Pollov Sarmah
- Biochemistry Department, Tocklai Tea Research Institute Jorhat 785008 Assam India
| | - Arundhuti Devi
- Resource Management and Environment Section, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Guwahati 781035 Assam India
| | - Pradip Tamuly
- Biochemistry Department, Tocklai Tea Research Institute Jorhat 785008 Assam India
| | - Tanmoy Karak
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association Dikom 786101 Assam India
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Ahmad L. Impact of gargling on respiratory infections. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1893834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lateef Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Anbar, Pakistan
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Alibi S, Crespo D, Navas J. Plant-Derivatives Small Molecules with Antibacterial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:231. [PMID: 33668943 PMCID: PMC7996626 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vegetal world constitutes the main factory of chemical products, in particular secondary metabolites like phenols, phenolic acids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Many of these compounds are small molecules with antibacterial activity, although very few are actually in the market as antibiotics for clinical practice or as food preservers. The path from the detection of antibacterial activity in a plant extract to the practical application of the active(s) compound(s) is long, and goes through their identification, purification, in vitro and in vivo analysis of their biological and pharmacological properties, and validation in clinical trials. This review presents an update of the main contributions published on the subject, focusing on the compounds that showed activity against multidrug-resistant relevant bacterial human pathogens, paying attention to their mechanisms of action and synergism with classical antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Alibi
- Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mahdia 5121, Tunisia;
| | - Dámaso Crespo
- BIOMEDAGE Group, Faculty of Medicine, Cantabria University, 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Jesús Navas
- BIOMEDAGE Group, Faculty of Medicine, Cantabria University, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
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Wang Y, Njateng GSS, Zhao T, Yang M, Wang Y, Cao J, Liu Y, Cheng G. Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Two Different Extracts from Que Zui Tea in Rats. EFOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.210329.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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