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Ji X, Li Y, Liu M, Chen L, Zhang X, Wang M, Tian S, Lu L, Zhang M, Zheng Y, Tang J. Diesel exhaust exposure induced squamous metaplasia of corneal epithelium via yes-associated protein activation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142564. [PMID: 38885762 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution has been demonstrated to be associated with ocular surface diseases characterized by corneal epithelial damage, including impaired barrier function and squamous metaplasia. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the impact of atmospheric pollution on corneal damage are still unknow. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a study using a whole-body exposure system to investigate the detrimental effects of traffic-related air pollution, specifically diesel exhaust (DE), on corneal epithelium in C57BL/6 mice over a 28-day period. Following DE exposure, the pathological alterations in corneal epithelium, including significant increase in corneal thickness and epithelial stratification, were observed in mice. Additionally, exposure to DE was also shown to disrupt the barrier functions of corneal epithelium, leading to excessive proliferation of basal cells and even causing squamous metaplasia in corneal epithelium. Further studies have found that the activation of yes-associated protein (YAP), characterized by nuclear translocation, may play a significant role in DE-induced corneal squamous metaplasia. In vitro assays confirmed that DE exposure triggered the YAP/β-catenin pathway, resulting in squamous metaplasia and destruction of barrier functions. These findings provide the preliminary evidence that YAP activation is one of the mechanisms of the damage to corneal epithelium caused by traffic-related air pollution. These findings contribute to the knowledge base for promoting eye health in the context of atmospheric pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Ji
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Meike Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Linfei Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xinglin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuhan Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinglong Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Kim J, Yoon T, Lee S, Kim PJ, Kim Y. Reconstitution of human tissue barrier function for precision and personalized medicine. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3347-3366. [PMID: 38895863 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00104d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Tissue barriers in a body, well known as tissue-to-tissue interfaces represented by endothelium of the blood vessels or epithelium of organs, are essential for maintaining physiological homeostasis by regulating molecular and cellular transports. It is crucial for predicting drug response to understand physiology of tissue barriers through which drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted. Since the FDA Modernization Act 2.0, which prompts the inception of alternative technologies for animal models, tissue barrier chips, one of the applications of organ-on-a-chip or microphysiological system (MPS), have only recently been utilized in the context of drug development. Recent advancements in stem cell technology have brightened the prospects for the application of tissue barrier chips in personalized medicine. In past decade, designing and engineering these microfluidic devices, and demonstrating the ability to reconstitute tissue functions were main focus of this field. However, the field is now advancing to the next level of challenges: validating their utility in drug evaluation and creating personalized models using patient-derived cells. In this review, we briefly introduce key design parameters to develop functional tissue barrier chip, explore the remarkable recent progress in the field of tissue barrier chips and discuss future perspectives on realizing personalized medicine through the utilization of tissue barrier chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Taehee Yoon
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Sungryeong Lee
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Paul J Kim
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - YongTae Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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3
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Ugodnikov A, Persson H, Simmons CA. Bridging barriers: advances and challenges in modeling biological barriers and measuring barrier integrity in organ-on-chip systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3199-3225. [PMID: 38689569 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier, skin, and intestinal mucosal barrier play key roles in homeostasis, disease physiology, and drug delivery - as such, it is important to create representative in vitro models to improve understanding of barrier biology and serve as tools for therapeutic development. Microfluidic cell culture and organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems enable barrier modelling with greater physiological fidelity than conventional platforms by mimicking key environmental aspects such as fluid shear, accurate microscale dimensions, mechanical cues, extracellular matrix, and geometrically defined co-culture. As the prevalence of barrier-on-chip models increases, so does the importance of tools that can accurately assess barrier integrity and function without disturbing the carefully engineered microenvironment. In this review, we first provide a background on biological barriers and the physiological features that are emulated through in vitro barrier models. Then, we outline molecular permeability and electrical sensing barrier integrity assessment methods, and the related challenges specific to barrier-on-chip implementation. Finally, we discuss future directions in the field, as well important priorities to consider such as fabrication costs, standardization, and bridging gaps between disciplines and stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Ugodnikov
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Henrik Persson
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
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Wang H, Li X, Shi P, You X, Zhao G. Establishment and evaluation of on-chip intestinal barrier biosystems based on microfluidic techniques. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101079. [PMID: 38774450 PMCID: PMC11107260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As a booming engineering technology, the microfluidic chip has been widely applied for replicating the complexity of human intestinal micro-physiological ecosystems in vitro. Biosensors, 3D imaging, and multi-omics have been applied to engineer more sophisticated intestinal barrier-on-chip platforms, allowing the improved monitoring of physiological processes and enhancing chip performance. In this review, we report cutting-edge advances in the microfluidic techniques applied for the establishment and evaluation of intestinal barrier platforms. We discuss different design principles and microfabrication strategies for the establishment of microfluidic gut barrier models in vitro. Further, we comprehensively cover the complex cell types (e.g., epithelium, intestinal organoids, endothelium, microbes, and immune cells) and controllable extracellular microenvironment parameters (e.g., oxygen gradient, peristalsis, bioflow, and gut-organ axis) used to recapitulate the main structural and functional complexity of gut barriers. We also present the current multidisciplinary technologies and indicators used for evaluating the morphological structure and barrier integrity of established gut barrier models in vitro. Finally, we highlight the challenges and future perspectives for accelerating the broader applications of these platforms in disease simulation, drug development, and personalized medicine. Hence, this review provides a comprehensive guide for the development and evaluation of microfluidic-based gut barrier platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Pengcheng Shi
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Xiaoyan You
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308, China
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Uzoechi SC, Collins BE, Badeaux CJ, Li Y, Kwak SS, Kim DY, Laskowitz DT, Lee JM, Yun Y. Effects of Amyloid Beta (Aβ) Oligomers on Blood-Brain Barrier Using a 3D Microfluidic Vasculature-on-a-Chip Model. APPLIED SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:3917. [PMID: 39027034 PMCID: PMC11257072 DOI: 10.3390/app14093917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is largely influenced by amyloid beta (Aβ). In this study, we developed a high-throughput microfluidic BBB model devoid of a physical membrane, featuring endothelial cells interacting with an extracellular matrix (ECM). This paper focuses on the impact of varying concentrations of Aβ1-42 oligomers on BBB dysfunction by treating them in the luminal. Our findings reveal a pronounced accumulation of Aβ1-42 oligomers at the BBB, resulting in the disruption of tight junctions and subsequent leakage evidenced by a barrier integrity assay. Additionally, cytotoxicity assessments indicate a concentration-dependent increase in cell death in response to Aβ1-42 oligomers (LC50 ~ 1 μM). This study underscores the utility of our membrane-free vascular chip in elucidating the dysfunction induced by Aβ with respect to the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Chidiebere Uzoechi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Bioengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri 460114, Nigeria
| | - Boyce Edwin Collins
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Bioengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Cody Joseph Badeaux
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Bioengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Sang Su Kwak
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Doo Yeon Kim
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Daniel Todd Laskowitz
- Neurosurgery, Anesthesiology & Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yeoheung Yun
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Bioengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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6
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Vera D, García-Díaz M, Torras N, Castillo Ó, Illa X, Villa R, Alvarez M, Martinez E. A 3D bioprinted hydrogel gut-on-chip with integrated electrodes for transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements. Biofabrication 2024; 16:035008. [PMID: 38574551 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad3aa4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Conventional gut-on-chip (GOC) models typically represent the epithelial layer of the gut tissue, neglecting other important components such as the stromal compartment and the extracellular matrix (ECM) that play crucial roles in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity and function. These models often employ hard, flat porous membranes for cell culture, thus failing to recapitulate the soft environment and complex 3D architecture of the intestinal mucosa. Alternatively, hydrogels have been recently introduced in GOCs as ECM analogs to support the co-culture of intestinal cells inin vivo-like configurations, and thus opening new opportunities in the organ-on-chip field. In this work, we present an innovative GOC device that includes a 3D bioprinted hydrogel channel replicating the intestinal villi architecture containing both the epithelial and stromal compartments of the gut mucosa. The bioprinted hydrogels successfully support both the encapsulation of fibroblasts and their co-culture with intestinal epithelial cells under physiological flow conditions. Moreover, we successfully integrated electrodes into the microfluidic system to monitor the barrier formation in real time via transepithelial electrical resistance measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - María García-Díaz
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Núria Torras
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Óscar Castillo
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Xavi Illa
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Rosa Villa
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Mar Alvarez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Elena Martinez
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona 08028, Spain
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7
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Morelli M, Cabezuelo Rodríguez M, Queiroz K. A high-throughput gut-on-chip platform to study the epithelial responses to enterotoxins. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5797. [PMID: 38461178 PMCID: PMC10925042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxins are a type of toxins that primarily affect the intestines. Understanding their harmful effects is essential for food safety and medical research. Current methods lack high-throughput, robust, and translatable models capable of characterizing toxin-specific epithelial damage. Pressing concerns regarding enterotoxin contamination of foods and emerging interest in clinical applications of enterotoxins emphasize the need for new platforms. Here, we demonstrate how Caco-2 tubules can be used to study the effect of enterotoxins on the human intestinal epithelium, reflecting toxins' distinct pathogenic mechanisms. After exposure of the model to toxins nigericin, ochratoxin A, patulin and melittin, we observed dose-dependent reductions in barrier permeability as measured by TEER, which were detected with higher sensitivity than previous studies using conventional models. Combination of LDH release assays and DRAQ7 staining allowed comprehensive evaluation of toxin cytotoxicity, which was only observed after exposure to melittin and ochratoxin A. Furthermore, the study of actin cytoskeleton allowed to assess toxin-induced changes in cell morphology, which were only caused by nigericin. Altogether, our study highlights the potential of our Caco-2 tubular model in becoming a multi-parametric and high-throughput tool to bridge the gap between current enterotoxin research and translatable in vivo models of the human intestinal epithelium.
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Holzreuter MA, Segerink LI. Innovative electrode and chip designs for transendothelial electrical resistance measurements in organs-on-chips. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1121-1134. [PMID: 38165817 PMCID: PMC10898416 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00901g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Many different epithelial and endothelial barriers in the human body ensure the proper functioning of our organs by controlling which substances can pass from one side to another. In recent years, organs-on-chips (OoC) have become a popular tool to study such barriers in vitro. To assess the proper functioning of these barriers, we can measure the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) which indicates how easily ions can cross the cell layer when a current is applied between electrodes on either side. TEER measurements are a convenient method to quantify the barrier properties since it is a non-invasive and label-free technique. Direct integration of electrodes for TEER measurements into OoC allows for continuous monitoring of the barrier, and fixed integration of the electrodes improves the reproducibility of the measurements. In this review, we will give an overview of different electrode and channel designs that have been used to measure the TEER in OoC. After giving some insight into why biological barriers are an important field of study, we will explain the theory and practice behind measuring the TEER in in vitro systems. Next, this review gives an overview of the state of the art in the field of integrated electrodes for TEER measurements in OoC, with a special focus on alternative chip and electrode designs. Finally, we outline some of the remaining challenges and provide some suggestions on how to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel A Holzreuter
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - Loes I Segerink
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
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9
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McCoy R, Oldroyd S, Yang W, Wang K, Hoven D, Bulmer D, Zilbauer M, Owens RM. In Vitro Models for Investigating Intestinal Host-Pathogen Interactions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306727. [PMID: 38155358 PMCID: PMC10885678 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as a major threat worldwide due to the rise of antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of novel pathogens. In vitro models that can adequately mimic in vivo gastrointestinal physiology are in high demand to elucidate mechanisms behind pathogen infectivity, and to aid the design of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions. There exists a trade-off between simple and high throughput models and those that are more complex and physiologically relevant. The complexity of the model used shall be guided by the biological question to be addressed. This review provides an overview of the structure and function of the intestine and the models that are developed to emulate this. Conventional models are discussed in addition to emerging models which employ engineering principles to equip them with necessary advanced monitoring capabilities for intestinal host-pathogen interrogation. Limitations of current models and future perspectives on the field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece McCoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Sophie Oldroyd
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Woojin Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Kaixin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Darius Hoven
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - David Bulmer
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1PDUK
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Róisín M. Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
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10
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Agbemavor WSK, Buys EM. Dynamic Interactions between Diarrhoeagenic Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and Presumptive Probiotic Bacteria: Implications for Gastrointestinal Health. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2942. [PMID: 38138086 PMCID: PMC10745617 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study delves into the temporal dynamics of bacterial interactions in the gastrointestinal tract, focusing on how probiotic strains and pathogenic bacteria influence each other and human health. This research explores adhesion, competitive exclusion, displacement, and inhibition of selected diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (D-EAEC) and potential probiotic strains under various conditions. Key findings reveal that adhesion is time-dependent, with both D-EAEC K2 and probiotic L. plantarum FS2 showing increased adhesion over time. Surprisingly, L. plantarum FS2 outperformed D-EAEC K2 in adhesion and exhibited competitive exclusion and displacement, with inhibition of adhesion surpassing competitive exclusion. This highlights probiotics' potential to slow pathogen attachment when not in competition. Pre-infecting with L. plantarum FS2 before pathogenic infection effectively inhibited adhesion, indicating probiotics' ability to prevent pathogen attachment. Additionally, adhesion correlated strongly with interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion, linking it to the host's inflammatory response. Conversely, IL-8 secretion negatively correlated with trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), suggesting a connection between tight junction disruption and increased inflammation. These insights offer valuable knowledge about the temporal dynamics of gut bacteria interactions and highlight probiotics' potential in competitive exclusion and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, contributing to strategies for maintaining gastrointestinal health and preventing infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisdom Selorm Kofi Agbemavor
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Radiation Technology Centre, Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 80, Ghana
| | - Elna Maria Buys
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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11
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Nair AL, Groenendijk L, Overdevest R, Fowke TM, Annida R, Mocellin O, de Vries HE, Wevers NR. Human BBB-on-a-chip reveals barrier disruption, endothelial inflammation, and T cell migration under neuroinflammatory conditions. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1250123. [PMID: 37818458 PMCID: PMC10561300 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1250123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective barrier that ensures a homeostatic environment for the central nervous system (CNS). BBB dysfunction, inflammation, and immune cell infiltration are hallmarks of many CNS disorders, including multiple sclerosis and stroke. Physiologically relevant human in vitro models of the BBB are essential to improve our understanding of its function in health and disease, identify novel drug targets, and assess potential new therapies. We present a BBB-on-a-chip model comprising human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) cultured in a microfluidic platform that allows parallel culture of 40 chips. In each chip, a perfused HBMEC vessel was grown against an extracellular matrix gel in a membrane-free manner. BBBs-on-chips were exposed to varying concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) to mimic inflammation. The effect of the inflammatory conditions was studied by assessing the BBBs-on-chips' barrier function, cell morphology, and expression of cell adhesion molecules. Primary human T cells were perfused through the lumen of the BBBs-on-chips to study T cell adhesion, extravasation, and migration. Under inflammatory conditions, the BBBs-on-chips showed decreased trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER), increased permeability to sodium fluorescein, and aberrant cell morphology in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, we observed increased expression of cell adhesion molecules and concomitant monocyte adhesion. T cells extravasated from the inflamed blood vessels and migrated towards a C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCL12) gradient. T cell adhesion was significantly reduced and a trend towards decreased migration was observed in presence of Natalizumab, an antibody drug that blocks very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) and is used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. In conclusion, we demonstrate a high-throughput microfluidic model of the human BBB that can be used to model neuroinflammation and assess anti-inflammatory and barrier-restoring interventions to fight neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Lekshmi Nair
- MIMETAS BV, Oegstgeest, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience – Neuroinfection and Neuroinflammation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Helga E. de Vries
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience – Neuroinfection and Neuroinflammation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Kawakita S, Li S, Nguyen HT, Maity S, Haghniaz R, Bahari J, Yu N, Mandal K, Bandaru P, Mou L, Ermis M, Khalil E, Khosravi S, Peirsman A, Nasiri R, Adachi A, Nakayama A, Bell R, Zhu Y, Jucaud V, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Rapid integration of screen-printed electrodes into thermoplastic organ-on-a-chip devices for real-time monitoring of trans-endothelial electrical resistance. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:37. [PMID: 37740819 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) is one of the most widely used indicators to quantify the barrier integrity of endothelial layers. Over the last decade, the integration of TEER sensors into organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms has gained increasing interest for its efficient and effective measurement of TEER in OOCs. To date, microfabricated electrodes or direct insertion of wires has been used to integrate TEER sensors into OOCs, with each method having advantages and disadvantages. In this study, we developed a TEER-SPE chip consisting of carbon-based screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) embedded in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based multi-layered microfluidic device with a porous poly(ethylene terephthalate) membrane in-between. As proof of concept, we demonstrated the successful cultures of hCMEC/D3 cells and the formation of confluent monolayers in the TEER-SPE chip and obtained TEER measurements for 4 days. Additionally, the TEER-SPE chip could detect changes in the barrier integrity due to shear stress or an inflammatory cytokine (i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α). The novel approach enables a low-cost and facile fabrication of carbon-based SPEs on PMMA substrates and the subsequent assembly of PMMA layers for rapid prototyping. Being cost-effective and cleanroom-free, our method lowers the existing logistical and technical barriers presenting itself as another step forward to the broader adoption of OOCs with TEER measurement capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kawakita
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA
| | - Shaopei Li
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA
| | - Huu Tuan Nguyen
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA
| | - Surjendu Maity
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA
| | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA
| | - Jamal Bahari
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, 92521, USA
| | - Kalpana Mandal
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA
| | - Praveen Bandaru
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA
| | - Lei Mou
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA
| | - Menekse Ermis
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA
| | - Enam Khalil
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Safoora Khosravi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Arne Peirsman
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic & Reconstructive Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Annie Adachi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Aya Nakayama
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Remy Bell
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA.
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, USA.
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13
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Hao S, Ning K, Kuz CA, Xiong M, Zou W, Park SY, McFarlin S, Yan Z, Qiu J. SARS-CoV-2 infection of polarized human airway epithelium induces necroptosis that causes airway epithelial barrier dysfunction. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29076. [PMID: 37671751 PMCID: PMC10754389 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19). One key feature associated with COVID-19 is excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine production that leads to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although the cytokine storm induces inflammatory cell death in the host, which type of programmed cell death mechanism that occurs in various organs and cells remains elusive. Using an in vitro culture model of polarized human airway epithelium (HAE), we observed that necroptosis, but not apoptosis or pyroptosis, plays an essential role in the damage of the epithelial barrier of polarized HAE infected with SARS-CoV-2. Pharmacological inhibitors of necroptosis, necrostatin-2 and necrosulfonamide, efficiently prevented cell death and epithelial barrier dysfunction caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the silencing of genes that are involved in necroptosis, RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, ameliorated airway epithelial damage of the polarized HAE infected with SARS-CoV-2. This study, for the first time, confirms that SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers necroptosis that disrupts the barrier function of human airway epithelia in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Hao
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Kang Ning
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Cagla Aksu Kuz
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Min Xiong
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Soo Yeun Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Shane McFarlin
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Ziying Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Jianming Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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14
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Kim J, Kim J, Jin Y, Cho SW. In situbiosensing technologies for an organ-on-a-chip. Biofabrication 2023; 15:042002. [PMID: 37587753 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aceaae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Thein vitrosimulation of organs resolves the accuracy, ethical, and cost challenges accompanyingin vivoexperiments. Organoids and organs-on-chips have been developed to model thein vitro, real-time biological and physiological features of organs. Numerous studies have deployed these systems to assess thein vitro, real-time responses of an organ to external stimuli. Particularly, organs-on-chips can be most efficiently employed in pharmaceutical drug development to predict the responses of organs before approving such drugs. Furthermore, multi-organ-on-a-chip systems facilitate the close representations of thein vivoenvironment. In this review, we discuss the biosensing technology that facilitates thein situ, real-time measurements of organ responses as readouts on organ-on-a-chip systems, including multi-organ models. Notably, a human-on-a-chip system integrated with automated multi-sensing will be established by further advancing the development of chips, as well as their assessment techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhee Jin
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Center for Nanomedicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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15
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Tong DQ, Lu ZJ, Zeng N, Wang XQ, Yan HC, Gao CQ. Dietary supplementation with probiotics increases growth performance, improves the intestinal mucosal barrier and activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity in chicks. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:4649-4659. [PMID: 36930725 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics comprise effective feed additives that can replace antibiotics in animal livestock production. However, mono-strain probiotics appear less effective because of their instability. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate dietary supplementation with compound probiotics (CPP) on growth performance, diarrhea rate and intestinal mucosal barrier, as well as the possible molecular mechanism, in chicks. In total, 360 1-day-old chicks of the Hy-Line Brown Chicks were randomly divided into the control group (CON, basal diet), chlortetracycline group (500 mg kg-1 CTC) and compound probiotics group (1000 mg kg-1 CPP, consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Enterococcus faecium and yeast). The experiment period was 56 days. RESULTS The results showed that, in comparison with the CON group, CPP significantly increased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of chicks and reduced diarrhea (P < 0.05). The probiotic group exhibited increased immune organ (i.e. spleen and thymus) mass and increased levels of serum immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgM and IgG (P < 0.05) compared to the CTC group. In addition, the jejunal mass and morphology were improved in the probiotic group (P < 0.05). Moreover, CPP reinforced jejunal barrier function, as indicated by increased transepithelial electrical resistance, protein expression of occludin and claudin-1, and diamine oxidase levels in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Likewise, enhanced fluorescence signals of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeled mitotic cells and villin-labeled absorptive cells in the jejunum (P < 0.05) suggested that CPP promoted intestinal stem cells activity. Mechanistically, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, including β-catenin, TCF4, c-Myc, cyclin D1 and Lgr5, was amplified in the jejunum by CPP addition (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with CPP reinforced the jejunal epithelial integrity by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and enhanced immune function in chicks. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Qing Tong
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu-Jin Lu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zeng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Rabussier G, Bünter I, Bouwhuis J, Soragni C, van Zijp T, Ng CP, Domansky K, de Windt LJ, Vulto P, Murdoch CE, Bircsak KM, Lanz HL. Healthy and diseased placental barrier on-a-chip models suitable for standardized studies. Acta Biomater 2023; 164:363-376. [PMID: 37116636 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Pathologies associated with uteroplacental hypoxia, such as preeclampsia are among the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity in the world. Its fundamental mechanisms are yet poorly understood due to a lack of good experimental models. Here we report an in vitro model of the placental barrier, based on co-culture of trophoblasts and endothelial cells against a collagen extracellular matrix in a microfluidic platform. The model yields a functional syncytium with barrier properties, polarization, secretion of relevant extracellular membrane components, thinning of the materno-fetal space, hormone secretion, and transporter function. The model is exposed to low oxygen conditions and perfusion flow is modulated to induce a pathological environment. This results in reduced barrier function, hormone secretion, and microvilli as well as an increased nuclei count, characteristics of preeclamptic placentas. The model is implemented in a titer plate-based microfluidic platform fully amenable to high-throughput screening. We thus believe this model could aid mechanistic understanding of preeclampsia and other placental pathologies associated with hypoxia/ischemia, as well as support future development of effective therapies through target and compound screening campaigns. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : The human placenta is a unique organ sustaining fetus growth but is also the source of severe pathologies, such as Preeclampsia. Though leading cause of perinatal mortality in the world, preeclampsia remains untreatable due to a lack of relevant in vitro placenta models. To better understand the pathology, we have developed 3D placental barrier models in a microfluidic device. The platform allows parallel culture of 40 perfused physiological miniaturized placental barriers, comprising a differentiated syncytium and endothelium that have been validated for transporter functions. Exposure to a hypoxic and ischemic environment enabled the mimicking of preeclamptic characteristics in high-throughput, which we believe could lead to a better understanding of the pathology as well as support future effective therapies development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Rabussier
- MIMETAS BV, Oegstgeest, 2342 DH, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6226 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Bünter
- MIMETAS BV, Oegstgeest, 2342 DH, The Netherlands
| | | | - Camilla Soragni
- MIMETAS BV, Oegstgeest, 2342 DH, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6226 ER, The Netherlands
| | | | - Chee Ping Ng
- MIMETAS BV, Oegstgeest, 2342 DH, The Netherlands
| | | | - Leon J de Windt
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6226 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Vulto
- MIMETAS BV, Oegstgeest, 2342 DH, The Netherlands
| | - Colin E Murdoch
- Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
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17
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Pöschl F, Höher T, Pirklbauer S, Wolinski H, Lienhart L, Ressler M, Riederer M. Dose and route dependent effects of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in a 3D gut-on-a-chip model with flow. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 88:105563. [PMID: 36709839 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most prevalent mycotoxin in human food and is ubiquitously detected in human bodyfluids. DON leads to intestinal barrier dysfunction, as observed from animal- and cell culture models with the known disadvantages. Here we present the effects of DON in a gut-on-a-chip model, as the first study incorporating the effects of intestinal flow. Using the OrganoPlate 3-lane, Caco-2 cells were seeded against an extracellular matrix (ECM) and formed leak tight tubules. DON was then applied in different concentrations (3 μM to 300 μM) via the apical or the basolateral channel. Permeability was assessed using continuous TEER and barrier integrity assays (BIA). Zonulin-1, toxicity (LDH) and proinflammatory status (IL-8) was analyzed. DON exposure led to a dose dependent decrease in para-and transcellular barrier integrity, which was more sensitive to basal than apical application (route). Timelaps/Continuous TEER measurements however revealed bidirectional effects, with even TEER-inducing effects of lower concentrations (until 10 μM). IL-8 secretion into luminal supernatants was only induced by apical DON. Attributed to the flow, the barrier-disintegrating effects of DON start at higher concentrations than in other culture models. The barrier was more sensitive to basolateral DON, even though DON had to pass the ECM; and IL-8 secretion was independent of TEER-alterations. Thus, the gut-on-a chip model might be a good alternative to further characterize the bidirectional effects of DON with reasonable throughput incorporating flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Pöschl
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
| | - Theresa Höher
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
| | - Sarah Pirklbauer
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Lisa Lienhart
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
| | - Miriam Ressler
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
| | - Monika Riederer
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
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18
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Wu X, Wang F, Cai X, Wang S. Glycosylated peptide-calcium chelate: Characterization, calcium absorption promotion and prebiotic effect. Food Chem 2023; 403:134335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Dogan AA, Dufva M. Heterogenous morphogenesis of Caco-2 cells reveals that flow induces three-dimensional growth and maturation at high initial seeding cell densities. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:1667-1677. [PMID: 36815727 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Here, we introduce a customized hanging insert fitting a six-well plate to culture Caco-2 cells on hydrogel membranes under flow conditions. The cells are cultured in the apical channel-like chamber, which provides about 1.3 dyn/cm2 shear, while the basolateral chamber is mixed when the device is rocked. The device was tested by investigating the functional impact of the initial seeding density in combination with flow applied at confluency. The low seeding density cultures grew in two dimensional (2D) irrespective of the flow. Flow and higher seeding density resulted in a mixture of three dimensional (3D) structures and 2D layers. Static culture and high cell seeding density resulted in 2D layers. The flow increased the height and ZO-1 expression of cells in 2D layers, which correlated with an improved barrier function. Cultures with 3D structures had higher ZO-1 expression than 2D cultures, but this did not correlate with an increased barrier function. 2D monolayers in static and dynamic cultures had similar morphology and heterogeneity in the expression of Mucin-2 and Villin, while the 3D structures had generally higher expression of these markers. The result shows that the cell density and flow determine 3D growth and that the highest barrier function was obtained with low-density cultures and flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Aybike Dogan
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Dufva
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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20
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Morelli M, Kurek D, Ng CP, Queiroz K. Gut-on-a-Chip Models: Current and Future Perspectives for Host-Microbial Interactions Research. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020619. [PMID: 36831155 PMCID: PMC9953162 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine contains the largest microbial community in the human body, the gut microbiome. Increasing evidence suggests that it plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health. However, while many studies have found a correlation between certain diseases and changes in the microbiome, the impact of different microbial compositions on the gut and the mechanisms by which they contribute to disease are not well understood. Traditional pre-clinical models, such as cell culture or animal models, are limited in their ability to mimic the complexity of human physiology. New mechanistic models, such as organ-on-a-chip, are being developed to address this issue. These models provide a more accurate representation of human physiology and could help bridge the gap between clinical and pre-clinical studies. Gut-on-chip models allow researchers to better understand the underlying mechanisms of disease and the effect of different microbial compositions on the gut. They can help to move the field from correlation to causation and accelerate the development of new treatments for diseases associated with changes in the gut microbiome. This review will discuss current and future perspectives of gut-on-chip models to study host-microbial interactions.
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21
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Shinde A, Illath K, Kasiviswanathan U, Nagabooshanam S, Gupta P, Dey K, Chakrabarty P, Nagai M, Rao S, Kar S, Santra TS. Recent Advances of Biosensor-Integrated Organ-on-a-Chip Technologies for Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3121-3146. [PMID: 36716428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Shinde
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Kavitha Illath
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Uvanesh Kasiviswanathan
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Shalini Nagabooshanam
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pallavi Gupta
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Koyel Dey
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pulasta Chakrabarty
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Suresh Rao
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Srabani Kar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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22
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Ehlers H, Nicolas A, Schavemaker F, Heijmans JPM, Bulst M, Trietsch SJ, van den Broek LJ. Vascular inflammation on a chip: A scalable platform for trans-endothelial electrical resistance and immune cell migration. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118624. [PMID: 36761747 PMCID: PMC9903066 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The vasculature system plays a critical role in inflammation processes in the body. Vascular inflammatory mechanisms are characterized by disruption of blood vessel wall permeability together with increased immune cell recruitment and migration. There is a critical need to develop models that fully recapitulate changes in vascular barrier permeability in response to inflammatory conditions. We developed a scalable platform for parallel measurements of trans epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in 64 perfused microfluidic HUVEC tubules under inflammatory conditions. Over 250 tubules where exposed to Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interferon gamma (INF-γ) or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The inflammatory response was quantified based on changes TEER and expression of ICAM and VE-cadherin. We observed changes in barrier function in the presence of both inflammatory cytokines and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, characterized by decreased TEER values, increase in ICAM expression as well changes in endothelial morphology. OrganoPlate 3-lane64 based HUVEC tubules provide a valuable tool for inflammatory studies in an automation compatible manner. Continuous TEER measurements enable long term, sensitive assays for barrier studies. We propose the use of our platform as a powerful tool for modelling endothelial inflammation in combination with immune cell interaction that can be used to screen targets and drugs to treat chronic vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Ehlers
- Mimetas B.V., Leiden, Netherlands,Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Nicolas
- Mimetas B.V., Leiden, Netherlands,Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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23
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Aubry G, Lee HJ, Lu H. Advances in Microfluidics: Technical Innovations and Applications in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:444-467. [PMID: 36625114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Aubry
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hyun Jee Lee
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Hernández-Rodríguez JF, López MÁ, Rojas D, Escarpa A. Digital manufacturing for accelerating organ-on-a-chip dissemination and electrochemical biosensing integration. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4805-4821. [PMID: 36342332 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00499b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organ on-a-chip (OoC) is a promising technology that aims to recapitulate human body pathophysiology in a more precise way to advance in drug development and complex disease understanding. However, the presence of OoC in biological laboratories is still limited and mainly restricted to laboratories with access to cleanroom facilities. Besides, the current analytical methods employed to extract information from the organ models are endpoint and post facto assays which makes it difficult to ensure that during the biological experiment the cell microenvironment, cellular functionality and behaviour are controlled. Hence, the integration of real-time biosensors is highly needed and requested by the OoC end-user community to provide insight into organ function and responses to stimuli. In this context, electrochemical sensors stand out due to their advantageous features like miniaturization capabilities, ease of use, automatization and high sensitivity and selectivity. Electrochemical sensors have been already successfully miniaturized and employed in other fields such as wearables and point-of-care devices. We have identified that the explanation for this issue may be, to a large extent, the accessibility to microfabrication technologies. These fields employ preferably digital manufacturing (DM), which is a more accessible microfabrication approach regardless of funding and facilities. Therefore, we envision that a paradigm shift in microfabrication that adopts DM instead of the dominating soft lithography for the in-lab microfabrication of OoC devices will contribute to the dissemination of the field and integration of the promising real-time sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Engineering and Chemical Research Institute "Andres M. Del Río", University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rojas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Engineering and Chemical Research Institute "Andres M. Del Río", University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Harding IC, O'Hare NR, Vigliotti M, Caraballo A, Lee CI, Millican K, Herman IM, Ebong EE. Developing a transwell millifluidic device for studying blood-brain barrier endothelium. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4603-4620. [PMID: 36326069 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00657j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cell (EC) function depends on flow conditions and on supportive cells, like pericytes and astrocytes, which have been shown to be both beneficial and detrimental for brain EC function. Most studies investigating BBB EC function lack physiological relevance, using sub-physiological shear stress magnitudes and/or omitting pericytes and astrocytes. In this study, we developed a millifluidic device compatible with standard transwell inserts to investigate BBB function. In contrast to standard polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices, this model allows for easy, reproducible shear stress exposure without common limitations of PDMS devices such as inadequate nutrient diffusion and air bubble formation. In no-flow conditions, we first used the device to examine the impact of primary human pericytes and astrocytes on human brain microvascular EC (HBMEC) barrier integrity. Astrocytes, pericytes, and a 1-to-1 ratio of both cell types increased HBMEC barrier integrity via reduced 3 and 40 kDa fluorescent dextran permeability and increased claudin-5 expression. There were differing levels of low 3 kDa permeability in HBMEC-pericyte, HBMEC-astrocyte, and HBMEC-astrocyte-pericyte co-cultures, while levels of low 40 kDa permeability were consistent across co-cultures. The 3 kDa findings suggest that pericytes provide more barrier support to the BBB model compared to astrocytes, although both supportive cell types are permeability reducers. Incorporation of 24-hour 12 dynes per cm2 flow significantly reduced dextran permeability in HBMEC monolayers, but not in the tri-culture model. These results indicate that tri-culture may exert more pronounced impact on overall BBB permeability than flow exposure. In both cases, monolayer and tri-culture, flow exposure interestingly reduced HBMEC expression of both claudin-5 and occludin. ZO-1 expression, and localization at cell-cell junctions increased in the tri-culture but exhibited no apparent change in the HBMEC monolayer. Under flow conditions, we also observed HBMEC alignment in the tri-culture but not in HBMEC monolayers, indicating supportive cells and flow are both essential to observe brain EC alignment in vitro. Collectively, these results support the necessity of physiologically relevant, multicellular BBB models when investigating BBB EC function. Consideration of the roles of shear stress and supportive cells within the BBB is critical for elucidating the physiology of the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Harding
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas R O'Hare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Mark Vigliotti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Alex Caraballo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Claire I Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karina Millican
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ira M Herman
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Innovations in Wound Healing Research, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eno E Ebong
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Kouthouridis S, Robson E, Hartung A, Raha S, Zhang B. Se(XY) matters: the importance of incorporating sex in microphysiological models. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1284-1298. [PMID: 35597689 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of microphysiological models is currently at the forefront of preclinical research. Although these 3D tissue models are being developed to mimic physiological organ function and diseases, which are often sexually dimorphic, sex is usually neglected as a biological variable. For decades, national research agencies have required government-funded clinical trials to include both male and female participants as a means of eliminating male bias. However, this is not the case in preclinical trials, which have been shown to favor male rodents in animal studies and male cell types in in vitro studies. In this Opinion, we highlight the importance of considering sex as a biological variable and outline five approaches for incorporating sex-specific features into current microphysiological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Kouthouridis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Eleanor Robson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Alicia Hartung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Sandeep Raha
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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27
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Wang D, Gust M, Ferrell N. Kidney-on-a-Chip: Mechanical Stimulation and Sensor Integration. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6889. [PMID: 36146238 PMCID: PMC9503911 DOI: 10.3390/s22186889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioengineered in vitro models of the kidney offer unprecedented opportunities to better mimic the in vivo microenvironment. Kidney-on-a-chip technology reproduces 2D or 3D features which can replicate features of the tissue architecture, composition, and dynamic mechanical forces experienced by cells in vivo. Kidney cells are exposed to mechanical stimuli such as substrate stiffness, shear stress, compression, and stretch, which regulate multiple cellular functions. Incorporating mechanical stimuli in kidney-on-a-chip is critically important for recapitulating the physiological or pathological microenvironment. This review will explore approaches to applying mechanical stimuli to different cell types using kidney-on-a-chip models and how these systems are used to study kidney physiology, model disease, and screen for drug toxicity. We further discuss sensor integration into kidney-on-a-chip for monitoring cellular responses to mechanical or other pathological stimuli. We discuss the advantages, limitations, and challenges associated with incorporating mechanical stimuli in kidney-on-a-chip models for a variety of applications. Overall, this review aims to highlight the importance of mechanical stimuli and sensor integration in the design and implementation of kidney-on-a-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew Gust
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicholas Ferrell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Paternoster S, Nicolas A, Schavemaker F, Rabussier G, Trietsch S, Lanz H, Vulto P. LP-46 Organ-on-a-chip meets high throughput screening: measuring trans endothelial electrical resistance. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Hoyle H, Stenger C, Przyborski S. Design considerations of benchtop fluid flow bioreactors for bio-engineered tissue equivalents in vitro. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2022; 8:100063. [PMID: 36824373 PMCID: PMC9934498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2022.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major aims of bio-engineering tissue equivalents in vitro is to create physiologically relevant culture conditions to accurately recreate the cellular microenvironment. This often includes incorporation of factors such as the extracellular matrix, co-culture of multiple cell types and three-dimensional culture techniques. These advanced techniques can recapitulate some of the properties of tissue in vivo, however fluid flow is a key aspect that is often absent. Fluid flow can be introduced into cell and tissue culture using bioreactors, which are becoming increasingly common as we seek to produce increasingly accurate tissue models. Bespoke technology is continuously being developed to tailor systems for specific applications and to allow compatibility with a range of culture techniques. For effective perfusion of a tissue culture many parameters can be controlled, ranging from impacts of the fluid flow such as increased shear stress and mass transport, to potentially unwanted side effects such as temperature fluctuations. A thorough understanding of these properties and their implications on the culture model can aid with a more accurate interpretation of results. Improved and more complete characterisation of bioreactor properties will also lead to greater accuracy when reporting culture conditions in protocols, aiding experimental reproducibility, and allowing more precise comparison of results between different systems. In this review we provide an analysis of the different factors involved in the development of benchtop flow bioreactors and their potential biological impacts across a range of applications.
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Key Words
- 3D, three-dimensional
- ABS, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
- ALI, air-liquid interface
- Bioreactors
- CFD, computational fluid dynamics
- Cell culture
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FDM, fused deposition modelling
- Fluid flow
- PC, polycarbonate
- PET, polyethylene terephthalate
- PLA, polylactic acid
- PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene
- SLA, stereolithography
- Tissue engineering
- UL, unstirred layer
- UV, ultraviolet light
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Affiliation(s)
- H.W. Hoyle
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - C.M.L. Stenger
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - S.A. Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK,NETPark Incubator, Reprocell Europe Ltd., Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield TS21 3FD, UK,Corresponding author at: Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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30
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Evaluation of rapid transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement as a metric of kidney toxicity in a high-throughput microfluidic culture system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13182. [PMID: 35915212 PMCID: PMC9343646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid non-invasive kidney-specific readouts are essential to maximizing the potential of microfluidic tissue culture platforms for drug-induced nephrotoxicity screening. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a well-established technique, but it has yet to be evaluated as a metric of toxicity in a kidney proximal tubule (PT) model that recapitulates the high permeability of the native tissue and is also suitable for high-throughput screening. We utilized the PREDICT96 high-throughput microfluidic platform, which has rapid TEER measurement capability and multi-flow control, to evaluate the utility of TEER sensing for detecting cisplatin-induced toxicity in a human primary PT model under both mono- and co-culture conditions as well as two levels of fluid shear stress (FSS). Changes in TEER of PT-microvascular co-cultures followed a dose-dependent trend similar to that demonstrated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assays and were well-correlated with tight junction coverage after cisplatin exposure. Additionally, cisplatin-induced changes in TEER were detectable prior to increases in cell death in co-cultures. PT mono-cultures had a less differentiated phenotype and were not conducive to toxicity monitoring with TEER. The results of this study demonstrate that TEER has potential as a rapid, early, and label-free indicator of toxicity in microfluidic PT-microvascular co-culture models.
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31
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Molins B, Mesquida M, Adan A. Bioengineering approaches for modelling retinal pathologies of the outer blood-retinal barrier. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022:101097. [PMID: 35840488 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of the junctional complex of the outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB), which is integrated by the close interaction of the retinal pigment epithelium, the Bruch's membrane, and the choriocapillaris, contribute to the loss of neuronal signalling and subsequent vision impairment in several retinal inflammatory disorders such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Reductionist approaches into the mechanisms that underlie such diseases have been hindered by the absence of adequate in vitro models using human cells to provide the 3D dynamic architecture that enables expression of the in vivo phenotype of the oBRB. Conventional in vitro cell models are based on 2D monolayer cellular cultures, unable to properly recapitulate the complexity of living systems. The main drawbacks of conventional oBRB models also emerge from the cell sourcing, the lack of an appropriate Bruch's membrane analogue, and the lack of choroidal microvasculature with flow. In the last years, the advent of organ-on-a-chip, bioengineering, and stem cell technologies is providing more advanced 3D models with flow, multicellularity, and external control over microenvironmental properties. By incorporating additional biological complexity, organ-on-a-chip devices can mirror physiologically relevant properties of the native tissue while offering additional set ups to model and study disease. In this review we first examine the current understanding of oBRB biology as a functional unit, highlighting the coordinated contribution of the different components to barrier function in health and disease. Then we describe recent advances in the use of pluripotent stem cells-derived retinal cells, Bruch's membrane analogues, and co-culture techniques to recapitulate the oBRB. We finally discuss current advances and challenges of oBRB-on-a-chip technologies for disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Molins
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marina Mesquida
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Adan
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto Clínic de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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32
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Rajasekar S, Lin DSY, Zhang F, Sotra A, Boshart A, Clotet-Freixas S, Liu A, Hirota JA, Ogawa S, Konvalinka A, Zhang B. Subtractive manufacturing with swelling induced stochastic folding of sacrificial materials for fabricating complex perfusable tissues in multi-well plates. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1929-1942. [PMID: 35383790 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01141c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip systems that recapitulate tissue-level functions have been proposed to improve in vitro-in vivo correlation in drug development. Significant progress has been made to control the cellular microenvironment with mechanical stimulation and fluid flow. However, it has been challenging to introduce complex 3D tissue structures due to the physical constraints of microfluidic channels or membranes in organ-on-a-chip systems. Inspired by 4D bioprinting, we develop a subtractive manufacturing technique where a flexible sacrificial material can be patterned on a 2D surface, swell and shape change when exposed to aqueous hydrogel, and subsequently degrade to produce perfusable networks in a natural hydrogel matrix that can be populated with cells. The technique is applied to fabricate organ-specific vascular networks, vascularized kidney proximal tubules, and terminal lung alveoli in a customized 384-well plate and then further scaled to a 24-well plate format to make a large vascular network, vascularized liver tissues, and for integration with ultrasound imaging. This biofabrication method eliminates the physical constraints in organ-on-a-chip systems to incorporate complex ready-to-perfuse tissue structures in an open-well design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravanthi Rajasekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Dawn S Y Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Alexander Sotra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Alex Boshart
- Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Renal Transplant Program, Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sergi Clotet-Freixas
- Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Renal Transplant Program, Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Liu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, McMaster University, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Shinichiro Ogawa
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, MaRS Center, 101 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, MaRS Center, 101 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7 Canada
- Liver Transplant Program, Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana Konvalinka
- Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Renal Transplant Program, Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, MaRS Center, 101 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7 Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
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33
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Renous N, Kiri MD, Barnea RA, Rauti R, Leichtmann-Bardoogo Y, Maoz BM. Spatial trans-epithelial electrical resistance (S-TEER) integrated in organs-on-chips. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 22:71-79. [PMID: 34878455 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00789k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a label-free assay that is commonly used to assess tissue barrier integrity. TEER measurement systems have been embedded in organ-on-a-chip devices to provide live readouts of barrier functionality. Yet, these systems commonly provide the impedance values which correspond to the highest level of permeability throughout the chip and cannot provide localized information on specific regions of interest. This work introduces a system that provides this essential information: a spatial-TEER (S-TEER) organ-on-a-chip platform, which incorporates moving (scanning) electrodes that can measure electrical resistance at any desired location along the chip. We demonstrate the system's capacity to obtain localized measurements of permeability in selected regions of a cell sample. We show how, in a layer with non-uniform levels of cell coverage, permeability is higher in areas with lower cell density-suggesting that the system can be used to monitor local cellular growth in vitro. To demonstrate the applicability of the chip in studies of barrier function, we characterize tissue response to TNF-α and to EGTA, agents known to harm tissue barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Renous
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Mark D Kiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Ronny A Barnea
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Rossana Rauti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | | | - Ben M Maoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- The Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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