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Tang H, Chu W, Xiong J, Wu H, Cheng L, Cheng L, Luo J, Yin H, Li J, Li J, Yang J, Li J. Seeking Cells, Targeting Bacteria: A Cascade-Targeting Bacteria-Responsive Nanosystem for Combating Intracellular Bacterial Infections. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311967. [PMID: 38712482 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular bacteria pose a great challenge to antimicrobial therapy due to various physiological barriers at both cellular and bacterial levels, which impede drug penetration and intracellular targeting, thereby fostering antibiotic resistance and yielding suboptimal treatment outcomes. Herein, a cascade-target bacterial-responsive drug delivery nanosystem, MM@SPE NPs, comprising a macrophage membrane (MM) shell and a core of SPE NPs. SPE NPs consist of phenylboronic acid-grafted dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SP NPs) encapsulated with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a non-antibiotic antibacterial component, via pH-sensitive boronic ester bonds are introduced. Upon administration, MM@SPE NPs actively home in on infected macrophages due to the homologous targeting properties of the MM shell, which is subsequently disrupted during cellular endocytosis. Within the cellular environment, SPE NPs expose and spontaneously accumulate around intracellular bacteria through their bacteria-targeting phenylboronic acid groups. The acidic bacterial microenvironment further triggers the breakage of boronic ester bonds between SP NPs and EGCG, allowing the bacterial-responsive release of EGCG for localized intracellular antibacterial effects. The efficacy of MM@SPE NPs in precisely eliminating intracellular bacteria is validated in two rat models of intracellular bacterial infections. This cascade-targeting responsive system offers new solutions for treating intracellular bacterial infections while minimizing the risk of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Wenlin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jingdi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Hongkun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Li Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Han Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jinlin Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jianshu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
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Jin Z, Sheng W, Sun M, Bai D, Ren L, Wang S, Wang Z, Tang X, Ya T. Preparation of a capsaicinoids broad spectrum antibody and its application in non-enzyme immunoassay based on DMSNs@PDA@Pt. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133670. [PMID: 38309155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Capsaicinoids (CPCs) is a special ingredient with pungent smell in condiments, which can also be used as an exogenetic marker for kitchen waste oil. Development of immunoassay for CPCs remains a challenging due to relatively difficult preparation of the broad-spectrum antibody (Ab). In this work, a broad-spectrum polyclonal antibody (pAb) which can simultaneously recognize capsaicin (CPC), dihydrocapsaicin (DCPC), nordihydrocapsaicin (NDCPC), and N-vanillylnonanamide (N-V) is produced, and a non-enzyme immunoassay (NISA) based on this Ab, dendritic mesoporous silica nanomaterials (DMSNs), polydopamine (PDA), and high catalytic efficiency of Pt nanoparticles to prepare signal probe (DMSNs@PDA@Pt) is established. Here, the limit of detection (LOD) of NISA for CPC is as low as 0.04 μg L-1. It is worth mentioning that the LOD of the proposed NISA is at least 23 times lower than that of traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Moreover, the proposed NISA is applied to detect CPCs in edible oil samples, the result has good consistency with that of ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The proposed NISA based on DMSN@PDA@Pt and broad-spectrum Ab is an ideal tool for highly effective screening CPCs for kitchen waste oil abuse surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Wei Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Meiyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Dongmei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Lishuai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Ziwuzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xinshuang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Tingting Ya
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
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Wang Q, Gao Y, Li Q, He A, Xu Q, Mou Y. Enhancing Dendritic Cell Activation Through Manganese-Coated Nanovaccine Targeting the cGAS-STING Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:263-280. [PMID: 38226319 PMCID: PMC10789576 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s438359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nanovaccines have emerged as a promising vaccination strategy, exhibiting their capacity to deliver antigens and adjuvants to elicit specific immune responses. Despite this potential, optimizing the design and delivery of nanovaccines remains a challenge. Methods In this study, we engineered a dendritic mesoporous silica-based nanocarrier enveloped in a metal-phenolic network (MPN) layer containing divalent manganese ions and tannic acid (MSN@MT). This nanocarrier was tailored for antigen loading to serve as a nanovaccine, aiming to activate the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway in dendritic cells (DCs). Our experimental approach encompassed both cellular assays and mouse immunizations, allowing a comprehensive evaluation of the nanovaccine's impact on DC activation and its influence on the generation of antigen-specific T-cell responses. Results MSN@MT demonstrated a remarkable enhancement in humoral and cellular immune responses in mice compared to control groups. This highlights the potential of MSN@MT to effectively trigger the cGAS-STING pathway in DCs, resulting in robust immune responses. Conclusion Our study introduces MSN@MT, a unique nanocarrier incorporating divalent manganese ions and tannic acid, showcasing its exceptional ability to amplify immune responses by activating the cGAS-STING pathway in DCs. This innovation signifies a stride in refining nanovaccine design for potent immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Stomatology, the 964 Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ao He
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinglin Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongbin Mou
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
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Lee JM, Kang M, Kim JS, Bae JY. Amine-Impregnated Dendritic Mesoporous Silica for the Adsorption of Formaldehyde. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:30. [PMID: 38258149 PMCID: PMC10818587 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
To adsorb and remove formaldehyde, which is a harmful volatile organic chemical (VOC) detected indoors, an alkylamine was introduced into the substrate as a formaldehyde adsorbent. In this study, Tetraethylenepentaamine (TEPA) was introduced into the mesoporous silica using the amine impregnation method. Since the impregnated alkylamine can block the pores of the silica substrate, the pore size and pore volume are very important factors for its use as a substrate for an adsorbent. Focusing on the substrate's pore properties, Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) was chosen as a conventional one-dimensional pore-structured mesoporous silica, and dendritic mesoporous silica (DMS) as a three-dimensional pore-structured mesoporous silica. To 1 g each of silica substrate DMS and SBA-15, 0, 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 g of TEPA were introduced. A fixed concentration and amount of formaldehyde gas was flowed through the adsorbent and then the adsorbent was changed to the 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) cartridge to adsorb the remaining formaldehyde. According to the methods recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH), the formaldehyde captured by 2,4-DNPH was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A comparison of DMS and SBA-15 in the amine impregnation method shows that not only surface area, but also large pore size and high pore volume, contribute to the formaldehyde adsorption ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Myeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (J.M.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Misun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (J.M.L.); (M.K.)
| | - June-Seo Kim
- Division of Nanotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (J.M.L.); (M.K.)
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Jin P, Zhu F, Zhou W, Liu C, Li N, Liu H. Developing magnetic functionalized dendritic fibrous mesoporous silica as advanced adsorbent for quaternary ammonium alkaloids. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:481. [PMID: 37999777 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel π-conjugated polymer-modified magnetic dendritic fibrous mesoporous silica adsorbent (MB@KCC-1@π-CP) is reported for the accurate determination of quaternary ammonium alkaloids (QAAs) in complex body fluid matrices. It is demonstrated that the magnetic dendritic fibrous mesoporous silica (MB@KCC-1) is an excellent carrier combining magnetism, high specific surface area, unique hierarchical pore structure, and fast mass transfer rate. The π-conjugated polymer (π-CP) can efficiently retain QAAs (berberine, coptisine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine) by multiple interactions. In addition, the adsorption kinetics and adsorption mechanism were also studied and discussed. Under optimized extraction conditions, MB@KCC-1@π-CP-based magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method affords a wide linear range (0.5-20000 ng mL-1), low limits of detection (0.2-2 ng mL-1), and satisfactory relative standard deviations (RSD) of inter-day (< 2.4%) and intra-day (< 3.1%) for QAAs. Trace QAAs in complex human blood plasma samples were successfully detected by the established method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Fucheng Zhu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Chen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Na Li
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Houmei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Wang Y, Wu P, Wang Y, He H, Huang L. Dendritic mesoporous nanoparticles for the detection, adsorption, and degradation of hazardous substances in the environment: State-of-the-art and future prospects. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118629. [PMID: 37499417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Equipped with hierarchical pores and three-dimensional (3D) center-radial channels, dendritic mesoporous nanoparticles (DMNs) make their pore volumes extremely large, specific surface areas super-high, internal spaces especially accessible, and so on. Other entities (like organic moieties or nanoparticles) can be modified onto the interfaces or skeletons of DMNs, accomplishing their functionalization for desirable applications. This comprehensive review emphasizes on the design and construction of DMNs-based systems which serve as sensors, adsorbents and catalysts for the detection, adsorption, and degradation of hazardous substances, mainly including the construction procedures of brand-new DMNs-based materials and the involved hazardous substances (like industrial chemicals, chemical dyes, heavy metal ions, medicines, pesticides, and harmful gases). The sensitive, adsorptive, or catalytic performances of various DMNs have been compared; correspondingly, the reaction mechanisms have been revealed strictly. It is honestly anticipated that the profound discussion could offer scientists certain enlightenment to design novel DMNs-based systems towards the detection, adsorption, and degradation of hazardous substances, respectively or comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, PR China; Institute for Triazine Compounds & Hierarchical Porous Materials, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Peng Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yanni Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Hua He
- Institute for Triazine Compounds & Hierarchical Porous Materials, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Liangzhu Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, PR China; Institute for Triazine Compounds & Hierarchical Porous Materials, Shaanxi, PR China
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Ghanbari N, Ghafuri H. Pyromellitic acid grafted to cross-linked LDH by dendritic units: An efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for green synthesis of 2,3-dihydro quinazoline and dihydropyrimidinones derivatives. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20978. [PMID: 37928013 PMCID: PMC10623181 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, using layered double hydroxide (LDH) inorganic substrate, melamine as binding agent and dendrimer G1 and also pyromellitic acid (PMA) organic catalytic agent a heterogeneous acid catalyst was designed and prepared. After that, the prepared organic-inorganic catalyst was evaluated by various identification techniques such as FTIR, EDX, XRD, TGA, FESEM, and BET, and the results showed that the desired structure was successfully prepared. Also, in order to investigate the efficiency of the LDH@Me-PMA nanocatalyst as an efficient and heterogeneous catalyst, it was used for green and one-pot synthesis of 2,3-dihydro quinazoline and 3,4-dihydropyrimidinone-2-(1H)-ones derivatives. The use of LDH@Me-PMA catalyst led to the synthesis of the desired derivatives with higher efficiency and shorter reaction time than previously reported works. In addition, the prepared LDH@Me-PMA acid catalyst has the ability to be recycled and reused for 5 consecutive periods and has high stability, which is well consistent with the principles of green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Ghanbari
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghafuri
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
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Fu Y, Sun J, Wang Y, Li W. Glucose oxidase and metal catalysts combined tumor synergistic therapy: mechanism, advance and nanodelivery system. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:400. [PMID: 37907972 PMCID: PMC10617118 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has always posed a significant threat to human health, prompting extensive research into new treatment strategies due to the limitations of traditional therapies. Starvation therapy (ST) has garnered considerable attention by targeting the primary energy source, glucose, utilized by cancer cells for proliferation. Glucose oxidase (GOx), a catalyst facilitating glucose consumption, has emerged as a critical therapeutic agent for ST. However, mono ST alone struggles to completely suppress tumor growth, necessitating the development of synergistic therapy approaches. Metal catalysts possess enzyme-like functions and can serve as carriers, capable of combining with GOx to achieve diverse tumor treatments. However, ensuring enzyme activity preservation in normal tissue and activation specifically within tumors presents a crucial challenge. Nanodelivery systems offer the potential to enhance therapy effectiveness by improving the stability of therapeutic agents and enabling controlled release. This review primarily focuses on recent advances in the mechanism of GOx combined with metal catalysts for synergistic tumor therapy. Furthermore, it discusses various nanoparticles (NPs) constructs designed for synergistic therapy in different carrier categories. Finally, this review provides a summary of GOx-metal catalyst-based NPs (G-M) and offers insights into the challenges associated with G-M therapy, delivery design, and oxygen (O2) supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jialin Sun
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Biological Science and Technology Department, Heilongjiang Minzu College, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Weinan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Peng B, Zhang K, He MY. P-Band Intermediate States Mediate Electron Transfer at Confined Nanoscale. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13409-13419. [PMID: 37703076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective, mainly based on the model of structural water molecules (SWs) as bright color emitters, we briefly summarize the development and theoretical elaboration of P-band intermediate state (PBIS) theory as well as its application in several typical catalytic redox reactions. In addition, with a simple equation (2∫ψ2σ1' + ∫ψ2σ2 + ∫ψ2π = 1), we clearly define how the interface states correlate with the three basic parameters of heterogeneous catalysis (conversion, selectivity, and stability), and what is the dynamic nature of catalytic active sites. Overall, the proposal of SW-dominated PBIS theory establishes an internal physical connection between the decay kinetics of excited electrons and the catalytic reaction kinetics and provides new insights into the physical origin of photoluminescence emission of low-dimensional quantum nanodots and the physical nature of nanoconfinement and nanoconfined catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, SKLPMPE, Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, SKLPMPE, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d'italie, Lyon 69364, CEDEX 07, France
- Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
| | - Ming-Yuan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, SKLPMPE, Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, SKLPMPE, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d'italie, Lyon 69364, CEDEX 07, France
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Amaraweera SM, Gunathilake CA, Gunawardene OHP, Dassanayake RS, Cho EB, Du Y. Carbon Capture Using Porous Silica Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2050. [PMID: 37513061 PMCID: PMC10383871 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
As the primary greenhouse gas, CO2 emission has noticeably increased over the past decades resulting in global warming and climate change. Surprisingly, anthropogenic activities have increased atmospheric CO2 by 50% in less than 200 years, causing more frequent and severe rainfall, snowstorms, flash floods, droughts, heat waves, and rising sea levels in recent times. Hence, reducing the excess CO2 in the atmosphere is imperative to keep the global average temperature rise below 2 °C. Among many CO2 mitigation approaches, CO2 capture using porous materials is considered one of the most promising technologies. Porous solid materials such as carbons, silica, zeolites, hollow fibers, and alumina have been widely investigated in CO2 capture technologies. Interestingly, porous silica-based materials have recently emerged as excellent candidates for CO2 capture technologies due to their unique properties, including high surface area, pore volume, easy surface functionalization, excellent thermal, and mechanical stability, and low cost. Therefore, this review comprehensively covers major CO2 capture processes and their pros and cons, selecting a suitable sorbent, use of liquid amines, and highlights the recent progress of various porous silica materials, including amine-functionalized silica, their reaction mechanisms and synthesis processes. Moreover, CO2 adsorption capacities, gas selectivity, reusability, current challenges, and future directions of porous silica materials have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumedha M Amaraweera
- Department of Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Chamila A Gunathilake
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
- Department of Applied Engineering & Technology, College of Aeronautics and Engineering, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Oneesha H P Gunawardene
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Rohan S Dassanayake
- Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Homagama 10200, Sri Lanka
| | - Eun-Bum Cho
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanhai Du
- Department of Applied Engineering & Technology, College of Aeronautics and Engineering, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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11
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Liu H, Han J, Lv Y, Zhao Z, Zheng S, Sun Y, Sun T. Isorhamnetin and anti-PD-L1 antibody dual-functional mesoporous silica nanoparticles improve tumor immune microenvironment and inhibit YY1-mediated tumor progression. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:208. [PMID: 37408047 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody can inhibit the progress of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) can promote tumor migration and the formation of immune-suppression microenvironment, which affects the therapeutic effect of ICI. Yin-yang-1 (YY1) is an important transcription factor regulating proliferation, migration and EMT of tumor cells. This work proposed a drug-development strategy that combined the regulation of YY1-mediated tumor progression with ICIs for the treatment of HCC. METHODS We first studied the proteins that regulated YY1 expression by using pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, and duo-link assay. The active compound regulating YY1 content was screened by virtual screening and cell-function assay. Isorhamnetin (ISO) and anti-PD-L1 antibody dual-functional mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN-ISO@ProA-PD-L1 Ab) were prepared as an antitumor drug to play a synergistic anti-tumor role. RESULTS YY1 can specifically bind with the deubiquitination enzyme USP7. USP7 can prevent YY1 from ubiquitin-dependent degradation and stabilize YY1 expression, which can promote the proliferation, migration and EMT of HCC cells. Isorhamnetin (ISO) were screened out, which can target USP7 and promote YY1 ubiquitin-dependent degradation. The cell experiments revealed that the HMSN-ISO@ProA-PD-L1 Ab nanoparticles can specifically target tumor cells and play a role in the controlled release of ISO. HMSN-ISO@ProA-PD-L1 Ab nanoparticles inhibited the growth of Hepa1-6 transplanted tumors and the effect was better than that of PD-L1 Ab treatment group and ISO treatment group. HMSN-ISO@ProA-PD-L1 Ab nanoparticles also exerted a promising effect on reducing MDSC content in the tumor microenvironment and promoting T-cell infiltration in tumors. CONCLUSIONS The isorhamnetin and anti-PD-L1 antibody dual-functional nanoparticles can improve tumor immune microenvironment and inhibit YY1-mediated tumor progression. This study demonstrated the possibility of HCC treatment strategies based on inhibiting USP7-mediated YY1 deubiquitination combined with anti-PD-L1 monoclonal Ab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jingxia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
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12
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Wei H, Li L, Zhang T, Seidi F, Xiao H. Platinum-loaded dendritic mesoporous silica as novel ethylene scavenger to extend shelf life of banana (Musa nana). Food Chem 2023; 424:136415. [PMID: 37257279 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene, released from fruits and vegetables (F&V) after harvest and during storage, often accelerates the ripening or over-ripening and may be caused decay, leading to substantial economic loss. Dendritic mesoporous silica supported (DMS) platinum (Pt/DMS) catalyst as ethylene scavenger was prepared and various characterization results indicated that the as-prepared Pt/DMS with ultra-low Pt loading exhibited excellent ethylene scavenging performance, which could maintain the complete ethylene conversion (100%) over 50 h at 25 °C and even 0 °C for 100 min with superior consecutive cycles by repeating the use of Pt/DMS. The presence of Pt/DMS delayed banana softening, and browning, reduced weight loss and kept the freshness for 14 days. In conclusion, the active packaging incorporated with Pt/DMS catalysts with high ethylene scavenging efficiency is expected to be extremely beneficial to the post-harvest storage life of other fruits and vegetables that needs further related investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Licheng Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada.
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13
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Peng B, Zhou JF, Chen H, Ding M, Zhu YS, Albela B, Wu P, Bonneviot L, Zhang K. Tetraalkoxysilane-Assisted Self-Emulsification Templating for Controlled Mesostructured Silica Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:3610-3618. [PMID: 36862534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been intensively investigated, their mesostructure and formation mechanism are still a topic of debate. Here, we show that MSNS are generated at the interface of the biphasic water-surfactant-triethanolamine-tetraalkoxysilane (TAOS) quaternary system. The spontaneous microemulsification of the hydrophobic TAOS generates microdroplets and direct micelles that both determine the particle size and the pore size. We confirmed also that the dendritic morphology with conical pores is an intermediate species, which readily transforms into regular MSNs concomitantly with the collapse of the microemulsion due to the continuous consumption of TAOS. The prominent effect of the microemulsion on the mechanism growth as a primary template is thoroughly investigated and named here tetraalkoxysilane-assisted self-emulsification templating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jia-Feng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yi-Song Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Belén Albela
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d'italie, Lyon 69364 Cedex 07, France
| | - Peng Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
| | - Laurent Bonneviot
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d'italie, Lyon 69364 Cedex 07, France
| | - Kun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d'italie, Lyon 69364 Cedex 07, France
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, P. R. China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
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14
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Medium controlled aggregative growth as a key step in mesoporous silica nanoparticle formation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 615:236-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Liu X, Zhang X, Chen J, Zhang C, Feng S, Zhang W. Tunable synthesis of dendritic fibrous nano silica using 1-pentanol-water microemulsion at low oil to water ratio. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:325601. [PMID: 35487193 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6bb0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) is a suitable nano-carrier for loading pesticides with radially oriented pores and a large surface area. The microemulsion method is standard method to prepare DFNS, and 1-pentanol is taken to replace cyclohexane as an oil solvent due to its high stability and nontoxic property. The results showed that the volume ratio of 1-pentanol (oil) to water (O/W) and the molar ratio of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) had effected on morphology and adsorption properties of DFNS in the water-CTAB-1-pentanol-ethanol-trimethylbenzene (TMB) microemulsion system. DFNS with bicontinuous concentric lamellar morphologies can be synthesized in this microemulsion at the meager O/W volume ratio (0.025-0.045). It features a tight mesoporous structure with a thin dendritic fibrous in 0.03 to 0.04 O/W volume ratio. The particle sizes, surface areas, and porosity of DFNS were positively correlated with the addition of the silica precursor TEOS. The size of DFNS increased from 123 to about 220 nm with the CTAB/TEOS molar ratio decreasing from 0.119 to 0.050. When the molar ratio of CTAB to TEOS = 0.119, DFNS has a smaller particle size (123 nm) with a larger surface area and abundant honeycomb mesopores; the low O/W volume ratio strategy provides theoretical support for the industrialization development of DFNS and nano-pesticides, which plays a profound role in promoting the sustainable development of pesticide reduction, efficiency and green agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhao Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Songke Feng
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
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16
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Hasanpour Galehban M, Zeynizadeh B, Mousavi H. Diverse and efficient catalytic applications of new cockscomb flower-like Fe 3O 4@SiO 2@KCC-1@MPTMS@Cu II mesoporous nanocomposite in the environmentally benign reduction and reductive acetylation of nitroarenes and one-pot synthesis of some coumarin compounds. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11164-11189. [PMID: 35479105 PMCID: PMC9020196 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08763k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, Fe3O4@SiO2@KCC-1@MPTMS@CuII as a new cockscomb flower-like mesoporous nanocomposite was prepared and characterized by various techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SEM-based energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) analyses. The as-prepared Fe3O4@SiO2@KCC-1@MPTMS@CuII mesoporous nanocomposite exhibited satisfactory catalytic activity in the reduction and reductive acetylation of nitroarenes in a water medium and solvent-free one-pot synthesis of some coumarin compounds including 3,3'-(arylmethylene)bis(4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-ones) (namely, bis-coumarins) (3a-n) and 2-amino-4-aryl-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitriles (6a-n) along with acceptable turnover numbers (TONs) and turnover frequencies (TOFs). Furthermore, the mentioned CuII-containing mesoporous nanocatalyst was conveniently recovered by a magnet from reaction environments and reused for at least seven cycles without any significant loss in activity, which confirms its good stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia Iran
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17
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Ding M, Shan BQ, Peng B, Zhou JF, Zhang K. Dynamic Pt-OH -·H 2O-Ag species mediate coupled electron and proton transfer for catalytic hydride reduction of 4-nitrophenol at the confined nanoscale interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7923-7936. [PMID: 35311880 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00673a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Generally, the catalytic transformation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) at heterogeneous metal surfaces follows a Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism when sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is used as the sacrificial reductant. Herein, with Pt-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles confined in dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres (DMSNs) as a model catalyst, we demonstrated that the conversion of 4-NP did not pass through the direct hydrogen transfer route with the hydride equivalents being supplied by borohydride via the bimolecular L-H mechanism, since Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with the use of isotopically labeled reactants (NaBD4 and D2O) showed that the final product of 4-AP was composed of protons (or deuterons) that originated from the solvent water (or heavy water). Combined characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the optical excitation and photoluminescence spectrum evidenced that the surface hydrous hydroxide complex bound to the metal surface (also called structural water molecules, SWs), due to the space overlap of p orbitals of two O atoms in SWs, could form an ensemble of dynamic interface transient states, which provided the alternative electron and proton transfer channels for selective transformation of 4-NP. The cationic Pt species in the Ag-Pt bimetallic catalyst mainly acts as a dynamic adsorption center to temporally anchor SWs and related reactants, and not as the active site for hydrogen activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Bing-Qian Shan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Bo Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Jia-Feng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China. .,Laboratoire de chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d'italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, Shandong, P. R. China.,Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
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18
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Xu C, Lei C, Wang Y, Yu C. Dendritic Mesoporous Nanoparticles: Structure, Synthesis and Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4066 Australia
| | - Chang Lei
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Yue Wang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
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19
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He J, Tao J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ding X. Versatile Dendritic Silica & Titania‐supported Platinum Catalyst for Highly Efficient Water Splitting and
p
‐Nitrophenol Reduction. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yan'an University Yan'an 716000 China
| | - Jianghui Tao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yan'an University Yan'an 716000 China
| | - Yanni Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yan'an University Yan'an 716000 China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yan'an University Yan'an 716000 China
| | - Xiuping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 P. R. China
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20
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Valiey E, Dekamin MG. Pyromellitic diamide-diacid bridged mesoporous organosilica nanospheres with controllable morphologies: a novel PMO for the facile and expeditious synthesis of imidazole derivatives. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 4:294-308. [PMID: 36132961 PMCID: PMC9418939 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00738f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, novel pyromellitic diamide-diacid bridged mesoporous organosilica (PMAMOS) nanospheres with controllable morphologies and Brønsted acid catalytic centers were designed and prepared through a convenient method by altering the addition sequence of precursors, solvent, and aging time. The obtained PMAMOSs demonstrate high surface areas and uniform pore sizes. FESEM, HRTEM, BET, EDX, XRD, FTIR and TGA analyses were performed to characterize and examine the effective factors for the preparation of PMAMOS nanospheres. Due to the appropriate physicochemical properties including Brønsted acid centers, suitable surface area and thermal stability of the PMAMOS nanosphere material, it was explored in the three-component reaction of benzyl or benzoin, ammonium acetate, and different aldehyde derivatives as a case study of multicomponent reactions. Corresponding imidazole derivatives were obtained in EtOH under reflux conditions in high to quantitative yields and short reaction times. It was also shown that the heterogeneous solid acid can be reused at least five times with negligible loss of its catalytic activity, indicating the appropriate stability and high activity of the newly introduced mesoporous organosilica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Valiey
- Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Iran
| | - Mohammad G Dekamin
- Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Iran
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21
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Hu J, Du P, Xu R, Deng W. Supersmall Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres as Antioxidant Nanocarriers for Pickering Emulsifiers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14893-14905. [PMID: 34813315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of flavor and aromatic compounds in emulsions holds great potential for development of novel formulations in food applications. In this paper, supersmall dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres (DMSNs) were fabricated by the one-pot strategy. The morphologies of DMSNs were directly tuned in terms of diameter from 35 ± 2 to 85 ± 4 nm. The obtained DMSNs are nanocarriers for hydrophilic or hydrophobic antioxidants with superior loading performance. Both DMSNs and antioxidant-loaded ones can emulsify the flavor and aromatic compounds yielding stable Pickering emulsions with droplets of approximately 2 μm in diameter. The emulsions possess excellent physical stability for at least half a year. More importantly, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O) analysis shows that antioxidant-loaded DMSNs provide outstanding protective functionalities to the encapsulated flavoring oil. A universality study reveals that DMSNs are an ideal platform for stable Pickering emulsions for aromatic compounds. Our design could provide a new path for flavor and sensitive bioactives for codelivery with excellent stability in food, medicine, cosmetics, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 201418 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Peiting Du
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 201418 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyi Xu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 201418 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Deng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 201418 Shanghai, P. R. China
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22
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Xu C, Lei C, Wang Y, Yu C. Dendritic Mesoporous Nanoparticles: Structure, Synthesis and Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112752. [PMID: 34837444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a new family of "dendritic" mesoporous silica nanoparticles has attracted great interest with widespread applications. Despite a large number of publications (>800), the terminology of "dendritic" is ambiguous. Understanding what possible "dendritic structures" are, their formation mechanisms and the underlying structure-property relationship is fundamentally important. With the advance of characterization techniques such as electron tomography, two types of tree branch-like and flower-like structures can be distinguished, both described as "dendritic" in literature. In this review, we start with the definition of "dendritic", then provide critical analysis of reported dendritic silica nanoparticles according to their structural classification. We also update the understandings of the formation mechanisms of two types of "dendritic" nanoparticles, with a focus on how to control different structural parameters. Various applications of dendritic mesoporous nanoparticles are also reviewed with a focus in biomedical field, providing new insights into the structure-property relationship in this family of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xu
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Chang Lei
- The University of Queensland - Saint Lucia Campus: The University of Queensland, AIBN, AUSTRALIA
| | - Yue Wang
- The University of Queensland, AIBN, AUSTRALIA
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Building 75,Cnr College Rd & Cooper Rd, 4067, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA
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23
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Zhou J, Yang T, Peng B, Shan B, Ding M, Zhang K. Structural Water Molecules Confined in Soft and Hard Nanocavities as Bright Color Emitters. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2021; 2:47-58. [PMID: 36855578 PMCID: PMC9718307 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.1c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecules confined in the nanocavity and nanointerface exhibit rich, unique physicochemical properties, e.g., the chromophore in the β-barrel can of green fluorescent protein (GFP) exhibits tunable bright colors. However, the physical origin of their photoluminescence (PL) emission remains elusive. To mimic the microenvironment of the GFP protein scaffold at the molecule level, two groups of nanocavities were created by molecule self-assembly using organic chromophores and by organic functionalization of mesoporous silica, respectively. We provide strong evidence that structural water molecules confined in these nanocavities are color emitters with a universal formula of {X+·(OH-·H2O)·(H2O) n-1}, in which X is hydrated protons (H3O+) or protonated amino (NH3 +) groups as an anchoring point, and that the efficiency of PL is strongly dependent on the stability of the main emitter centers of the structural hydrated hydroxide complex (OH-·H2O), which is a key intermediate to mediate electron transfer dominated by proton transfer at confined nanospace. Further controlled experiments and combined characterizations by time-resolved steady-state and ultrafast transient optical spectroscopy unveil an unusual multichannel radiative and/or nonradiative mechanism dominated by quantum transient states with a distinctive character of topological excitation. The finding of this work underscores the pivotal role of structurally bound H2O in regulating the PL efficiency of aggregation-induced emission luminogens and GFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Zhou
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Taiqun Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Bingqian Shan
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China,Laboratoire
de chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Institut de Chimie
de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d’italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France,Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell
Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, Shandong, P. R. China,
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24
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Hu W, Liu L, Fan Y, Huang M. Facile synthesis of mesoporous copper silicate aggregates for highly selective enrichment of hemoglobin. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Sui R, Charpentier PA, Marriott RA. Metal Oxide-Related Dendritic Structures: Self-Assembly and Applications for Sensor, Catalysis, Energy Conversion and Beyond. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1686. [PMID: 34199059 PMCID: PMC8308120 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, we have learned a great deal about self-assembly of dendritic metal oxide structures, partially inspired by the nanostructures mimicking the aesthetic hierarchical structures of ferns and corals. The self-assembly process involves either anisotropic polycondensation or molecular recognition mechanisms. The major driving force for research in this field is due to the wide variety of applications in addition to the unique structures and properties of these dendritic nanostructures. Our purpose of this minireview is twofold: (1) to showcase what we have learned so far about how the self-assembly process occurs; and (2) to encourage people to use this type of material for drug delivery, renewable energy conversion and storage, biomaterials, and electronic noses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohong Sui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2L 2K8, Canada
| | - Paul A. Charpentier
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada;
| | - Robert A. Marriott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2L 2K8, Canada
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26
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Bahadur J, Maity A, Sen D, Das A, Polshettiwar V. Origin of the Hierarchical Structure of Dendritic Fibrous Nanosilica: A Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Perspective. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6423-6434. [PMID: 34008990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) has attracted great attention to the field of catalysis, CO2 capture, drug delivery due to its distinct morphology, and pore size distribution. Despite extensive research, the understanding of the DFNS formation process and its internal structure remains incomplete as microscopy and gas sorption techniques were not able to provide necessary in-depth structural information due to their inherent limitations. In the current work, we present a structural model of DFNS derived using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) supported by 129Xe nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which provided intricate details of DFNS and its internal structure. Mechanistic understanding of the DFNS formation and growth process was achieved by performing time-resolved SAXS measurements during the synthesis of DFNS, which unveils the evolution of two levels of a bicontinuous microemulsion structure responsible for intricate DFNS morphology. The validity and the accuracy of the SAXS method and the model were successfully established through a direct correlation among the functionality of the DFNS scattering profile and its pore size distribution, as well as results obtained from the 129Xe NMR studies. It has been established that the DFNS structure originates from direct modulation of the bicontinuous structure controlled by a surfactant, a co-surfactant, and the silicate species formed during hydrolysis and the condensation reaction of the silica precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Bahadur
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Ayan Maity
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Debasis Sen
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Avik Das
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Vivek Polshettiwar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
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27
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Singh B, Na J, Konarova M, Wakihara T, Yamauchi Y, Salomon C, Gawande MB. Functional Mesoporous Silica Nanomaterials for Catalysis and Environmental Applications. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baljeet Singh
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Department of Chemistry, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Jongbeom Na
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) and School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Muxina Konarova
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) and School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Toru Wakihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7 Chome-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) and School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Manoj B. Gawande
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai-Marathwada Campus, Jalna, 431203 Maharashtra, India
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28
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Controlled growth of Beta zeolites with different morphologies and sizes by manipulating the water concentration. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Bubnov A, Bobrovsky A, Rychetský I, Fekete L, Hamplová V. Self-Assembling Behavior of Smart Nanocomposite System: Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Confined by Stretched Porous Polyethylene Film. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1498. [PMID: 32751727 PMCID: PMC7466609 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The control and prediction of soft systems exhibiting self-organization behavior can be realized by different means but still remains a highlighted task. Novel advanced nanocomposite system has been designed by filling of a stretched porous polyethylene (PE) film with pore dimensions of hundreds of nanometers by chiral ferroelectric liquid crystalline (LC) compound possessing polar self-assembling behavior. Lactic acid derivative exhibiting the paraelectric orthogonal smectic A* and the ferroelectric tilted smectic C* phases over a broad temperature range is used as a self-assembling compound. The morphology of nanocomposite film has been checked by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The designed nanocomposite has been studied by polarizing optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small and wide-angle X-ray scattering and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The effect of a porous PE confinement on self-assembling, structural, and dielectric behavior of the chiral LC compound has been established and discussed. While the mesomorphic and structural properties of the nanocomposite are found not to be much influenced in comparison to that of a pure LC compound, the polar properties have been toughly suppressed by the specific confinement. Nevertheless, the electro-optic switching was clearly observed under applied electric field of low frequency (210 V, 19 Hz). The dielectric spectroscopy and X-ray results reveal that the helical structure of the ferroelectric liquid crystal inside the PE matrix is completely unwound, and the molecules are aligned along stretching direction. Obtained results demonstrate possibilities of using stretched porous polyolefins as promising matrices for the design of new nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexej Bubnov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.R.); (L.F.); (V.H.)
| | - Alexey Bobrovsky
- Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ivan Rychetský
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.R.); (L.F.); (V.H.)
| | - Ladislav Fekete
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.R.); (L.F.); (V.H.)
| | - Věra Hamplová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.R.); (L.F.); (V.H.)
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