1
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Kathait P, Patel PK, Sahu AN. Harnessing exosomes and plant-derived exosomes as nanocarriers for the efficient delivery of plant bioactives. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38900607 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2024.2354159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, a category of extracellular vesicle (EV), are phospholipid bilayer structures ranging from 30 to 150 nm, produced by various organisms through the endosomal pathway. Recent studies have established the utilization of exosomes as nanocarriers for drug distribution across various therapeutic areas including cancer, acute liver injury, neuroprotection, oxidative stress, inflammation, etc. The importance of plant-derived exosomes and exosome vesicles derived from mammalian cells or milk, loaded with potent plant bioactives for various therapeutic indications are discussed along with insights into future perspectives. Moreover, this review provides a detailed understanding of exosome biogenesis, their composition, classification, stability of different types of exosomes, and different routes of administration along with the standard techniques used for isolating, purifying, and characterizing exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kathait
- Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Patel
- Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alakh N Sahu
- Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Liu Z, Ng M, Srivastava S, Li T, Liu J, Phu TA, Mateescu B, Wang YT, Tsai CF, Liu T, Raffai RL, Xie YH. Label-free single-vesicle based surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy: A robust approach for investigating the biomolecular composition of small extracellular vesicles. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305418. [PMID: 38889139 PMCID: PMC11185487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are cell-released vesicles ranging from 30-150nm in size. They have garnered increasing attention because of their potential for both the diagnosis and treatment of disease. The diversity of sEVs derives from their biological composition and cargo content. Currently, the isolation of sEV subpopulations is primarily based on bio-physical and affinity-based approaches. Since a standardized definition for sEV subpopulations is yet to be fully established, it is important to further investigate the correlation between the biomolecular composition of sEVs and their physical properties. In this study, we employed a platform combining single-vesicle surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and machine learning to examine individual sEVs isolated by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The biomolecular composition of each vesicle examined was reflected by its corresponding SERS spectral features (biomolecular "fingerprints"), with their roots in the composition of their collective Raman-active bonds. Origins of the SERS spectral features were validated through a comparative analysis between SERS and mass spectrometry (MS). SERS fingerprinting of individual vesicles was effective in overcoming the challenges posed by EV population averaging, allowing for the possibility of analyzing the variations in biomolecular composition between the vesicles of similar and/or different sizes. Using this approach, we uncovered that each of the size-based fractions of sEVs contained particles with predominantly similar SERS spectral features. Indeed, more than 84% of the vesicles residing within a particular group were clearly distinguishable from that of the other EV sub-populations, despite some spectral variations within each sub-population. Our results suggest the possibility that size-based EV fractionation methods produce samples where similarly eluted sEVs are correlated with their respective biochemical contents, as reflected by their SERS spectra. Our findings therefore highlight the possibility that the biogenesis and respective biological functionalities of the various sEV fractions may be inherently different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Martin Ng
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Siddharth Srivastava
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tieyi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tuan Anh Phu
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bogdan Mateescu
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Raffai
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Surgical Service (112G), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ya-Hong Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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3
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Abyadeh M, Mirshahvaladi S, Kashani SA, Paulo JA, Amirkhani A, Mehryab F, Seydi H, Moradpour N, Jodeiryjabarzade S, Mirzaei M, Gupta V, Shekari F, Salekdeh GH. Proteomic profiling of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: Impact of isolation methods on protein cargo. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e159. [PMID: 38947171 PMCID: PMC11212298 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles with a lipid bilayer that are secreted by cells and play a critical role in cell-to-cell communication. Despite the promising reports regarding their diagnostic and therapeutic potential, the utilization of EVs in the clinical setting is limited due to insufficient information about their cargo and a lack of standardization in isolation and analysis methods. Considering protein cargos in EVs as key contributors to their therapeutic potency, we conducted a tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics analysis of three subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs obtained through three different isolation techniques: ultracentrifugation (UC), high-speed centrifugation (HS), and ultracentrifugation on sucrose cushion (SU). Subsequently, we checked EV marker expression, size distribution, and morphological characterization, followed by bioinformatic analysis. The bioinformatic analysis of the proteome results revealed that these subpopulations exhibit distinct molecular and functional characteristics. The choice of isolation method impacts the proteome of isolated EVs by isolating different subpopulations of EVs. Specifically, EVs isolated through the high-speed centrifugation (HS) method exhibited a higher abundance of ribosomal and mitochondrial proteins. Functional apoptosis assays comparing isolated mitochondria with EVs isolated through different methods revealed that HS-EVs, but not other EVs, induced early apoptosis in cancer cells. On the other hand, EVs isolated using the sucrose cushion (SU) and ultracentrifugation (UC) methods demonstrated a higher abundance of proteins primarily involved in the immune response, cell-cell interactions and extracellular matrix interactions. Our analyses unveil notable disparities in proteins and associated biological functions among EV subpopulations, underscoring the importance of meticulously selecting isolation methods and resultant EV subpopulations based on the intended application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abyadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Shahab Mirshahvaladi
- Macquarie Medical School, School of MedicineHealth and Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sara Assar Kashani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ardeshir Amirkhani
- Australian Proteome Analysis FacilityMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Fatemeh Mehryab
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Homeyra Seydi
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
| | | | | | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, School of MedicineHealth and Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, School of MedicineHealth and Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
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4
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Yasamineh S, Nikben N, Hamed Ahmed M, Abdul Kareem R, Kadhim Al-Aridhy A, Hosseini Hooshiar M. Increasing the sensitivity and accuracy of detecting exosomes as biomarkers for cancer monitoring using optical nanobiosensors. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:189. [PMID: 38816782 PMCID: PMC11138050 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The advancement of nanoscience and material design in recent times has facilitated the creation of point-of-care devices for cancer diagnosis and biomolecule sensing. Exosomes (EXOs) facilitate the transfer of bioactive molecules between cancer cells and diverse cells in the local and distant microenvironments, thereby contributing to cancer progression and metastasis. Specifically, EXOs derived from cancer are likely to function as biomarkers for early cancer detection due to the genetic or signaling alterations they transport as payload within the cancer cells of origin. It has been verified that EXOs circulate steadily in bodily secretions and contain a variety of information that indicates the progression of the tumor. However, acquiring molecular information and interactions regarding EXOs has presented significant technical challenges due to their nanoscale nature and high heterogeneity. Colorimetry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), fluorescence, and Raman scattering are examples of optical techniques utilized to quantify cancer exosomal biomarkers, including lipids, proteins, RNA, and DNA. Many optically active nanoparticles (NPs), predominantly carbon-based, inorganic, organic, and composite-based nanomaterials, have been employed in biosensing technology. The exceptional physical properties exhibited by nanomaterials, including carbon NPs, noble metal NPs, and magnetic NPs, have facilitated significant progress in the development of optical nanobiosensors intended for the detection of EXOs originating from tumors. Following a summary of the biogenesis, biological functions, and biomarker value of known EXOs, this article provides an update on the detection methodologies currently under investigation. In conclusion, we propose some potential enhancements to optical biosensors utilized in detecting EXO, utilizing various NP materials such as silicon NPs, graphene oxide (GO), metal NPs, and quantum dots (QDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | | | | | - Ameer Kadhim Al-Aridhy
- College of Health and Medical Technology, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq
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5
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Sun T, Li M, Liu Q, Yu A, Cheng K, Ma J, Murphy S, McNutt PM, Zhang Y. Insights into optimizing exosome therapies for acute skin wound healing and other tissue repair. Front Med 2024; 18:258-284. [PMID: 38216854 PMCID: PMC11283324 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Exosome therapy holds great promise as a novel approach to improve acute skin wound healing. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of exosome biology and its potential applications in acute skin wound healing and beyond. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by various stem cells, have emerged as potent mediators of intercellular communication and tissue repair. One advantage of exosome therapy is its ability to avoid potential risks associated with stem cell therapy, such as immune rejection or stem cells differentiating into unwanted cell types. However, further research is necessary to optimize exosome therapy, not only in the areas of exosome isolation, characterization, and engineering, but also in determining the optimal dose, timing, administration, and frequency of exosome therapy. Thus, optimization of exosome therapy is critical for the development of more effective and safer exosome-based therapies for acute skin wound healing and other diseases induced by cancer, ischemia, or inflammation. This review provides valuable insights into the potential of exosome therapy and highlights the need for further research to optimize exosome therapy for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjing Sun
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
| | - Anyong Yu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Jianxing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sean Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Patrick Michael McNutt
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
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6
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Moshrefiravasjani R, Kamrani A, Nazari N, Jafari F, Nasiri H, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Akbari M. Exosome-mediated tumor metastasis: Biology, molecular targets and immuno-therapeutic options. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155083. [PMID: 38277749 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles called exosomes play a crucial part in promoting intercellular communication. They act as intermediaries for the exchange of bioactive chemicals between cells, released into the extracellular milieu by a variety of cell types. Within the context of cancer progression, metastasis is a complex process that plays a significant role in the spread of malignant cells from their main site of origin to distant anatomical locations. This complex process plays a key role in the domain of cancer-related deaths. In summary, the trajectory of current research in the field of exosome-mediated metastasis is characterized by its unrelenting quest for more profound understanding of the molecular nuances, the development of innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches, and the unwavering dedication to transforming these discoveries into revolutionary clinical applications. This unrelenting pursuit represents a shared desire to improve the prognosis for individuals suffering from metastatic cancer and to nudge the treatment paradigm in the direction of more effective and customized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Kamrani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Nazari
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Jafari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Nasiri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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7
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Wu Z, Cai H, Tian C, Ao Z, Jiang L, Guo F. Exploiting Sound for Emerging Applications of Extracellular Vesicles. NANO RESEARCH 2024; 17:462-475. [PMID: 38712329 PMCID: PMC11073796 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are nano- to microscale, membrane-bound particles released by cells into extracellular space, and act as carriers of biomarkers and therapeutics, holding promising potential in translational medicine. However, the challenges remain in handling and detecting extracellular vesicles for disease diagnosis as well as exploring their therapeutic capability for disease treatment. Here, we review the recent engineering and technology advances by leveraging the power of sound waves to address the challenges in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles. We first introduce the fundamental principles of sound waves for understanding different acoustic-assisted extracellular vesicle technologies. We discuss the acoustic-assisted diagnostic methods including the purification, manipulation, biosensing, and bioimaging of extracellular vesicles. Then, we summarize the recent advances in acoustically enhanced therapeutics using extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles. Finally, we provide perspectives into current challenges and future clinical applications of the promising extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles powered by sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Chunhui Tian
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
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8
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Gorgzadeh A, Nazari A, Ali Ehsan Ismaeel A, Safarzadeh D, Hassan JAK, Mohammadzadehsaliani S, Kheradjoo H, Yasamineh P, Yasamineh S. A state-of-the-art review of the recent advances in exosome isolation and detection methods in viral infection. Virol J 2024; 21:34. [PMID: 38291452 PMCID: PMC10829349 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins, RNA, DNA, lipids, and carbohydrates are only some of the molecular components found in exosomes released by tumor cells. They play an essential role in healthy and diseased cells as messengers of short- and long-distance intercellular communication. However, since exosomes are released by every kind of cell and may be found in blood and other bodily fluids, they may one day serve as biomarkers for a wide range of disorders. In many pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammation, and infection, they play a role. It has been shown that the biogenesis of exosomes is analogous to that of viruses and that the exosomal cargo plays an essential role in the propagation, dissemination, and infection of several viruses. Bidirectional modulation of the immune response is achieved by the ability of exosomes associated with viruses to facilitate immunological escape and stimulate the body's antiviral immune response. Recently, exosomes have received a lot of interest due to their potential therapeutic use as biomarkers for viral infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and SARS-CoV-2. This article discusses the purification procedures and detection techniques for exosomes and examines the research on exosomes as a biomarker of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Nazari
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Diba Safarzadeh
- Vocational School of Health Service, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jawad A K Hassan
- National University of Science and Technology, Nasiriyah, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | | | | | - Pooneh Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
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Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Vilmanova S, Pifkova L, Catela Ivković T, Mᶏdrzyk M, Jugas R, Machackova T, Kotoucek J, Sachlova M, Bohovicova L, Stanek T, Halamkova J, Kiss I, Slaby O. Optimized procedure for high-throughput transcriptome profiling of small extracellular vesicles isolated from low volume serum samples. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:157-167. [PMID: 37505924 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain various signaling molecules, thus playing a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication and emerging as a promising source of biomarkers. However, the lack of standardized procedures impedes their translation to clinical practice. Thus, we compared different approaches for high-throughput analysis of small EVs transcriptome. METHODS Small EVs were isolated from 150 μL of serum. Quality and quantity were assessed by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot. Comparison of RNA extraction efficiency was performed, and expression of selected genes was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Whole transcriptome analysis was done using microarrays. RESULTS Obtained data confirmed the suitability of size exclusion chromatography for isolation of small EVs. Analyses of gene expression showed the best results in case of samples isolated by Monarch Total RNA Miniprep Kit. Totally, 7,182 transcripts were identified to be deregulated between colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls. The majority of them were non-coding RNAs with more than 70 % being lncRNAs, while protein-coding genes represented the second most common gene biotype. CONCLUSIONS We have optimized the protocol for isolation of small EVs and their RNA from low volume of sera and confirmed the suitability of Clariom D Pico Assays for transcriptome profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Vilmanova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Pifkova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tina Catela Ivković
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Mᶏdrzyk
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robin Jugas
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tana Machackova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotoucek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milana Sachlova
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Bohovicova
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Teodor Stanek
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Halamkova
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Kiss
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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10
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Yu J, Wei Y, Cui Z, Tian J, Cai H, Zhang W. Thermosensitive Capturer Coupled with the CD63 Aptamer for Highly Efficient Isolation of Exosomes. ACS Macro Lett 2024:195-200. [PMID: 38261001 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are bioactive substances secreted by various cells that play a crucial role in cell communication. Due to their nanoscale size and interference from nonexosome proteins, the rapid capture and nondestructive release of exosomes remain a technical challenge which significantly hinders their biomedical application. To overcome this obstacle, we have designed a CD63 aptamer-based thermosensitive copolymer for the effective isolation of exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A thermal-responsive copolymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methacrylate-co-N-hydroxysuccinimide methacrylate) P(NIPAM-co-BMA-co-NHSMA, PNB), was prepared, which could realize reversible hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase transition by varying temperature. Then, CD63 aptamers were further modified to the copolymer to form the PNB-aptamer, where the aptamer units, acting as a "lock and key", specifically bind exosomes. Under the low critical solution temperature (LCST) of the PNB-aptamer, it can maintain a hydrophilic state, capturing exosomes from the cell culture medium. Subsequently, exosome-carrying PNB-aptamers can endure from hydrophilic to hydrophobic phase transition by increasing the temperature above its LCST, and then they can be collected after centrifugation. By introducing the complementary sequence of the CD63 aptamer, the stronger binding affinity between the complementary sequence and the aptamers facilitates the release of exosomes from the PNB-aptamer. The yield of exosome samples captured from a MSC culture medium by the PNB-aptamer system (around 62%) is considerably higher than that obtained by the current "gold standard" ultrafiltration (UC) approach (around 42%). Thus, the PNB-aptamer capturer provides a potential strategy for highly efficient exosome isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zepeng Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jia Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Weian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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11
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Koch LF, Best T, Wüstenhagen E, Adrian K, Rammo O, Saul MJ. Novel insights into the isolation of extracellular vesicles by anion exchange chromatography. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1298892. [PMID: 38312509 PMCID: PMC10836363 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1298892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane structures enclosed by a lipid bilayer that are released into the extracellular space by all types of cells. EVs are involved in many physiological processes by transporting biologically active substances. Interest in EVs for diagnostic biomarker research and therapeutic drug delivery applications has increased in recent years. The realization of the full therapeutic potential of EVs is currently hampered by the lack of a suitable technology for the isolation and purification of EVs for downstream pharmaceutical applications. Anion Exchange Chromatography (AEX) is an established method in which specific charges on the AEX matrix can exploit charges on the surface of EVs and their interactions to provide a productive and scalable separation and purification method. The established AEX method using Eshmuno® Q, a strong tentacle anion exchange resin, was used to demonstrate the principal feasibility of AEX-based isolation and gain insight into isolated EV properties. Using several EV analysis techniques to provide a more detailed insight into EV populations during AEX isolation, we demonstrated that although the composition of CD9/63/81 remained constant for tetraspanin positive EVs, the size distribution and purity changed during elution. Higher salt concentrations eluted larger tetraspanin negative vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon F. Koch
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tatjana Best
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Merck Life Science KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Meike J. Saul
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Universtiy Cancer Center Hamburg, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Lai JJ, Hill JJ, Huang CY, Lee GC, Mai KW, Shen MY, Wang SK. Unveiling the Complex World of Extracellular Vesicles: Novel Characterization Techniques and Manufacturing Considerations. Chonnam Med J 2024; 60:1-12. [PMID: 38304124 PMCID: PMC10828078 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2024.60.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) function as potent mediators of intercellular communication for many in vivo processes, contributing to both health and disease related conditions. Given their biological origins and diverse functionality from correspondingly unique "cargo" compositions, both endogenous and modified EVs are garnering attention as promising therapeutic modalities and vehicles for targeted therapeutic delivery applications. Their diversity in composition, however, has revealed a significant need for more comprehensive analytical-based characterization methods, and manufacturing processes that are consistent and scalable. In this review, we explore the dynamic landscape of EV research and development efforts, ranging from novel isolation approaches, to their analytical assessment through novel characterization techniques, and to their production by industrial-scale manufacturing process considerations. Expanding the horizon of these topics to EVs for in-human applications, we underscore the need for stringent development and adherence to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines. Wherein, the intricate interplay of raw materials, production in bioreactors, and isolation practices, along with analytical assessments compliant with the Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) guidelines, in conjunction with reference standard materials, collectively pave the way for standardized and consistent GMP production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John J. Hill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- BioProcess Technology Group, BDO, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Casey Y. Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gino C. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karol W. Mai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maggie Y. Shen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Simon K. Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Qin T, Li P, Li J, Guo Q, Chen Y, Wang YE, Tao L, Huang J, Shen X, Wu X. Size-exclusion chromatography-based extracellular vesicle size subtyping and multiplex membrane protein profiling for differentiating gastrointestinal cancer prognosis. Analyst 2023; 148:5745-5752. [PMID: 37842723 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a type of subcellular structure, have been extensively researched for their potential for developing advanced diagnostic technologies for various diseases. However, the biomolecular and biophysical heterogeneity of EVs has restricted their application in clinical settings. In this article, we developed a size-exclusion chromatography-based technique for simultaneous EV size subtyping and protein profiling. By eluting fluorescent aptamer-treated patient plasma through a size-exclusion column, the mixture can be classified into 50 nm aptamer-bound EVs, 100 nm aptamer-bound EVs and free-floating aptamers, which could further enable multiplex EV membrane protein profiling by analyzing the fluorescence intensities of EV-bound aptamers. Using this technique, we successfully identified EV size subtypes for differentiating gastrointestinal cancer prognosis states. Overall, we developed a rapid, user-friendly and low-cost EV size subtyping and protein profiling technique, which holds great potential for identifying crucial EV size subtypes for disease diagnosis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Pinhao Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hongkong Well Hope Group Limited, 6/F RFCM, Manulife Place.348 Kwun Tong Road, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu-E Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ling Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
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Mun B, Kim R, Jeong H, Kang B, Kim J, Son HY, Lim J, Rho HW, Lim EK, Haam S. An immuno-magnetophoresis-based microfluidic chip to isolate and detect HER2-Positive cancer-derived exosomes via multiple separation. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115592. [PMID: 37603987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are useful for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. However, clinical samples contain impurities that complicate direct analyses of cancer-derived exosomes. Therefore, a microfluidic chip-based magnetically labeled exosome isolation system (MEIS-chip) was developed as a lab-on-a-chip platform for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Various magnetic nanoclusters (MNCs) were synthesized with different degrees of magnetization, and antibodies were introduced to capture HER2-overexpressing and common exosomes using immunoaffinity. MNC-bonded exosomes were separated into different exits according to their magnetization degrees. The MEIS-chip efficiently separated HER2-overexpressing exosomes from common exosomes that did not contain disease-related information. The simultaneous separation of HER2-and non-HER2-overexpressing exosomes provided a means of analyzing high-purity HER2-overexpressing exosomes while minimizing the contribution of non-target exosomes, reducing misdiagnosis risk. Notably, common exosomes served as a negative control for monitoring real-time changes in HER2 expression. These findings support the application of MEIS-chip for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring via effective exosome isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeonggeol Mun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryunhyung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyein Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghoon Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Son
- Department of Radiology College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoo Lim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical innovation foundation, 123, Osongsaengmyeong-ro, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Rho
- Department of Radiology College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Lim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungjoo Haam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Wang Y, Jiang M, Zheng X, He Y, Ma X, Li J, Pu K. Application of exosome engineering modification in targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115691. [PMID: 37481135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of premature death in humans. Scientists have developed several therapeutic drugs for cancer treatment. However, drug delivery faces many problems. First, traditional drugs do not target tumors and are prone to causing significant toxic side effects. Second, suitable drug carriers are essential for improving drug delivery to tumors or circulating cancer cells. Exosomes are natural extracellular vesicles with low immunogenicity and prolonged blood circulation in vivo. These characteristics render exosomes ideal drug carriers. This review highlights the properties of exosomes and mechanisms of exosome biogenesis. It also summarizes the engineering modification methods for enhancing exosome yield, targeting, and drug-loading capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Nano-Bio-Chem Centre and Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Nano-Bio-Chem Centre and Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xuewen Zheng
- Nano-Bio-Chem Centre and Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yiran He
- Nano-Bio-Chem Centre and Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaochuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jiong Li
- Nano-Bio-Chem Centre and Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Kefeng Pu
- Nano-Bio-Chem Centre and Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
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16
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Qiao X, Tang J, Dou L, Yang S, Sun Y, Mao H, Yang D. Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Regulate Anti-Inflammatory and Osteogenesis in Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells and Promote the Repair of Experimental Periodontitis in Rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4683-4703. [PMID: 37608819 PMCID: PMC10441659 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s420967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dental pulp stem cell-derived exosomes (DPSC-EXO), which have biological characteristics similar to those of metrocytes, have been found to be closely associated with tissue regeneration. Periodontitis is an immune inflammation and tissue destructive disease caused by plaque, resulting in alveolar bone loss and periodontal epithelial destruction. It is not clear whether DPSC-EXO can be used as an effective therapy for periodontal regeneration. The purpose of this study was not only to verify the effect of DPSC-EXO on reducing periodontitis and promoting periodontal tissue regeneration, but also to reveal the possible mechanism. Methods DPSC-EXO was isolated by ultracentrifugation. Then it characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and Western Blot. In vitro, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were treated with DPSC-EXO, the abilities of cell proliferation, migration and osteogenic potential were evaluated. Furthermore, we detected the expression of IL-1β, TNF-αand key proteins in the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway after simulating the inflammatory environment by LPS. In addition, the effect of DPSC-EXO on the polarization phenotype of macrophages was detected. In vivo, the experimental periodontitis in rats was established and treated with DPSC-EXO or PBS. After 4 weeks, the maxillae were collected and detected by micro-CT and histological staining. Results DPSC-EXO promoted the proliferation, migration and osteogenesis of PDLSCs in vitro. DPSC-EXO also regulated inflammation by inhibiting the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway during acute inflammatory stress. In addition, the results showed that DPSC-EXO could polarize macrophages from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype. In vivo, we found that DPSC-EXO could effectively reduce alveolar bone loss and promote the healing of the periodontal epithelium in rats with experimental periodontitis. Conclusion DPSC-EXO plays an important role in inhibiting periodontitis and promoting tissue regeneration. This study provides a promising acellular therapy for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Dou
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyao Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongchen Mao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deqin Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
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Chen M, Zhang Q, Xu F, Li Z, Li J, Wang W, Wang S, Wang M, Qiu T, Li J, Zhang H, Wang W. Ti 3C 2 and Ti 2C MXene materials for high-performance isolation of extracellular vesicles via coprecipitation. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1269:341426. [PMID: 37290854 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as MXenes, are usually well utilized in the field of catalysts and battery due to their good hydrophilicity and diversified surface terminals. However, their potential applications in the treatment of biological samples have not been widely concerned. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain unique molecular signatures and could be used as biomarkers for the detection of severe diseases such as cancer, as well as monitoring the therapeutic response. In this work, two kinds of MXene materials (Ti3C2 and Ti2C) were successfully synthesized and employed in the isolation of EVs from the biological samples by taking advantage of the affinity interaction between the titanium (Ti) in MXenes and the phospholipid membrane of EVs. Compared with Ti2C MXene materials, TiO2 beads and the other EVs isolation methods, Ti3C2 MXene materials exhibited excellent isolation performance via the coprecipitation with EVs due to the abundant unsaturated coordination of Ti2+/Ti3+, and the dosage of materials was the lowest. Meanwhile, the whole isolation process could be done within 30 min and integrated well with the following analysis of proteins and ribonucleic acids (RNAs), which was also convenient and economic. Furthermore, the Ti3C2 MXene materials were used to isolate the EVs from the blood plasma of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and healthy donors. Proteomics analysis of EVs showed that 67 proteins were up-regulated, in which most of them were closely related to CRC progression. These findings indicate that the MXene material-based EVs isolation method via coprecipitation provides an efficient tool for early diagnosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fang Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiaxi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tian Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Weipeng Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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18
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Zohora FT, Aliyu M, Saboor-Yaraghi AA. Secretome-based acellular therapy of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in degenerative and immunological disorders: A narrative review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18120. [PMID: 37496898 PMCID: PMC10366432 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) plays a pivotal role in homeostasis by supporting hematopoiesis and immune cells' activation, maturation, interaction, and deployment. "BMSC-derived secretome" refers to the complete repertoire of secreted molecules, including nucleic acids, chemokines, growth factors, cytokines, and lipids from BM-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). BMSC-derived secretomes are the current molecular platform for acellular therapy. Secretomes are highly manipulable and can be synthesised in vast quantities using commercially accessible cell lines in the laboratory. Secretomes are less likely to elicit an immunological response because they contain fewer surface proteins. Moreover, the delivery of BMSC-derived secretomes has been shown in numerous studies to be an effective, cell-free therapy method for alleviating the symptoms of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. As a result, secretome delivery from BMSCs has the same therapeutic effects as BMSCs transplantation but may have fewer adverse effects. Additionally, BMSCs' secretome has therapeutic promise for organoids and parabiosis studies. This review focuses on recent advances in secretome-based cell-free therapy, including its manipulation, isolation, characterisation, and delivery systems. The diverse bioactive molecules of secretomes that successfully treat inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, reproductive, gastrointestinal, and anti-ageing systems were also examined in this review. However, secretome-based therapy has some unfavourable side effects that may restrict its uses. Some of the adverse effects of this modal therapy were briefly mentioned in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Tuz Zohora
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Mansur Aliyu
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, TUMS-IC, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Clinical Science, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ali Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, TUMS-IC, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Afridi W, Strachan S, Kasetsirikul S, Pannu AS, Soda N, Gough D, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA. Potential Avenues for Exosomal Isolation and Detection Methods to Enhance Small-Cell Lung Cancer Analysis. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:143-161. [PMID: 37360040 PMCID: PMC10288614 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Around the world, lung cancer has long been the main factor in cancer-related deaths, with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) being the deadliest form of lung cancer. Cancer cell-derived exosomes and exosomal miRNAs are considered promising biomarkers for diagnosing and prognosis of various diseases, including SCLC. Due to the rapidity of SCLC metastasis, early detection and diagnosis can offer better diagnosis and prognosis and therefore increase the patient's chances of survival. Over the past several years, many methodologies have been developed for analyzing non-SCLC-derived exosomes. However, minimal advances have been made in SCLC-derived exosome analysis methodologies. This Review discusses the epidemiology and prominent biomarkers of SCLC. Followed by a discussion about the effective strategies for isolating and detecting SCLC-derived exosomes and exosomal miRNA, highlighting the critical challenges and limitations of current methodologies. Finally, an overview is provided detailing future perspectives for exosome-based SCLC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar
Ahmed Afridi
- School
of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Queensland
Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith
University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Simon Strachan
- School
of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Queensland
Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith
University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Surasak Kasetsirikul
- Queensland
Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith
University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Amandeep Singh Pannu
- Queensland
Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith
University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Narshone Soda
- Queensland
Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith
University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Daniel Gough
- Centre
for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of
Medical Research, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia
- Department
of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland
Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith
University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky
- School
of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Queensland
Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith
University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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20
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Mansur S, Habib S, Hawkins M, Brown SR, Weinman ST, Bao Y. Preparation of Nanoparticle-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles Using Direct Flow Filtration. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051551. [PMID: 37242792 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown great potential as cell-free therapeutics and biomimetic nanocarriers for drug delivery. However, the potential of EVs is limited by scalable, reproducible production and in vivo tracking after delivery. Here, we report the preparation of quercetin-iron complex nanoparticle-loaded EVs derived from a breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231br, using direct flow filtration. The morphology and size of the nanoparticle-loaded EVs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis of those EVs showed several protein bands in the range of 20-100 kDa. The analysis of EV protein markers by a semi-quantitative antibody array confirmed the presence of several typical EV markers, such as ALIX, TSG101, CD63, and CD81. Our EV yield quantification suggested a significant yield increase in direct flow filtration compared with ultracentrifugation. Subsequently, we compared the cellular uptake behaviors of nanoparticle-loaded EVs with free nanoparticles using MDA-MB-231br cell line. Iron staining studies indicated that free nanoparticles were taken up by cells via endocytosis and localized at a certain area within the cells while uniform iron staining across cells was observed for cells treated with nanoparticle-loaded EVs. Our studies demonstrate the feasibility of using direct flow filtration for the production of nanoparticle-loaded EVs from cancer cells. The cellular uptake studies suggested the possibility of deeper penetration of the nanocarriers because the cancer cells readily took up the quercetin-iron complex nanoparticles, and then released nanoparticle-loaded EVs, which can be further delivered to regional cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shomit Mansur
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Shahriar Habib
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Mikayla Hawkins
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Spenser R Brown
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Steven T Weinman
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Yuping Bao
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
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21
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Dżaman K, Czerwaty K. Extracellular Vesicle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051327. [PMID: 37242569 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that there are over 890,000 new cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) worldwide each year, accounting for approximately 5% of all cancer cases. Current treatment options for HNSCC often cause significant side effects and functional impairments, thus there is a challenge to discover more acceptable treatment technologies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be utilized for HNSCC treatment in several ways, for example, for drug delivery, immune modulation, as biomarkers for diagnostics, gene therapy, or tumor microenvironment modulation. This systematic review summarizes new knowledge regarding these options. Articles published up to 11 December 2022, were identified by searching the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Only full-text original research papers written in English were considered eligible for analysis. The quality of studies was assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Risk of Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies, modified for the needs of this review. Of 436 identified records, 18 were eligible and included. It is important to note that the use of EVs as a treatment for HNSCC is still in the early stages of research, so we summarized information on challenges such as EV isolation, purification, and standardization of EV-based therapies in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dżaman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czerwaty
- Department of Otolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles derived from endocytosis, formed by fusion of multivesicular bodies with membranes and secreted into the extracellular matrix or body fluids. Many studies have shown that exosomes can be present in a variety of biological fluids, such as plasma, urine, saliva, amniotic fluid, ascites, and sweat, and most types of cells can secrete exosomes. Exosomes play an important role in many aspects of human development, including immunity, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and neoplasia. Urine can be an alternative to blood or tissue samples as a potential source of disease biomarkers because of its simple, noninvasive, sufficient, and stable characteristics. Therefore, urinary exosomes have valuable potential for early screening, monitoring disease progression, prognosis, and treatment. The method for isolating urinary exosomes has been perfected, and exosome proteomics is widely used. Therefore, we review the potential use of urinary exosomes for disease diagnosis and summarize the related literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhao Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
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23
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Gerami MH, Khorram R, Rasoolzadegan S, Mardpour S, Nakhaei P, Hashemi S, Al-Naqeeb BZT, Aminian A, Samimi S. Emerging role of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and MSCs-derived exosomes in bone- and joint-associated musculoskeletal disorders: a new frontier. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:86. [PMID: 36803566 PMCID: PMC9939872 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membranous vesicles with a 30 to 150 nm diameter secreted by mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and other cells, such as immune cells and cancer cells. Exosomes convey proteins, bioactive lipids, and genetic components to recipient cells, such as microRNAs (miRNAs). Consequently, they have been implicated in regulating intercellular communication mediators under physiological and pathological circumstances. Exosomes therapy as a cell-free approach bypasses many concerns regarding the therapeutic application of stem/stromal cells, including undesirable proliferation, heterogeneity, and immunogenic effects. Indeed, exosomes have become a promising strategy to treat human diseases, particularly bone- and joint-associated musculoskeletal disorders, because of their characteristics, such as potentiated stability in circulation, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and toxicity. In this light, a diversity of studies have indicated that inhibiting inflammation, inducing angiogenesis, provoking osteoblast and chondrocyte proliferation and migration, and negative regulation of matrix-degrading enzymes result in bone and cartilage recovery upon administration of MSCs-derived exosomes. Notwithstanding, insufficient quantity of isolated exosomes, lack of reliable potency test, and exosomes heterogeneity hurdle their application in clinics. Herein, we will deliver an outline respecting the advantages of MSCs-derived exosomes-based therapy in common bone- and joint-associated musculoskeletal disorders. Moreover, we will have a glimpse the underlying mechanism behind the MSCs-elicited therapeutic merits in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Gerami
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roya Khorram
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soheil Rasoolzadegan
- grid.411600.2Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Mardpour
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooria Nakhaei
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheyla Hashemi
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XObstetrician, Gynaecology & Infertility Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Amir Aminian
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sahar Samimi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Pham QN, Winter M, Milanova V, Young C, Condina MR, Hoffmann P, Pham NTH, Tung TT, Losic D, Thierry B. Magnetic enrichment of immuno-specific extracellular vesicles for mass spectrometry using biofilm-derived iron oxide nanowires. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1236-1247. [PMID: 36541661 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05619d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-specific enrichment of extracellular vesicles (EVs) can provide important information into cellular pathways underpinning various pathologies and for non-invasive diagnostics, including mass spectrometry-based analyses. Herein, we report an optimised protocol for immuno-magnetic enrichment of specific EV subtypes and their subsequent processing with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Specifically, we conjugated placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) antibodies to magnetic iron oxide nanowires (NWs) derived from bacterial biofilms and demonstrated the utility of this approach by enriching placenta-specific EVs (containing PLAP) from cell culture media. We demonstrate efficient PLAP+ve EV enrichment for both NW-PLAP and Dynabeads™-PLAP, with high PLAP protein recovery (83.7 ± 8.9% and 83.2 ± 5.9%, respectively), high particle-to-protein ratio (7.5 ± 0.7 × 109 and 7.1 ± 1.2 × 109, respectively), and low non-specific binding of non-target EVs (7 ± 3.2% and 5.4 ± 2.2%, respectively). Furthermore, our optimized EV enrichment and processing approach identified 2518 and 2545 protein groups with LC-MS/MS for NW-PLAP and Dynabead™-PLAP, respectively, with excellent reproducibility (Pearson correlation 0.986 and 0.988). These findings demonstrate that naturally occurring iron oxide NWs have comparable performance to current gold standard immune-magnetic beads. The optimized immuno-specific EV enrichment for LC-MS/MS method provides a low-cost and highly-scalable yet efficient, high-throughput approach for quality EV proteomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Nghia Pham
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia.
| | - Marnie Winter
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia.
| | - Valentina Milanova
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia.
| | - Clifford Young
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, City West Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Mark R Condina
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia.
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, City West Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Nguyen T H Pham
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Tran Thanh Tung
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia.
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25
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Jonak ST, Liu Z, Liu J, Li T, D'Souza BV, Schiaffino JA, Oh S, Xie YH. Analyzing bronchoalveolar fluid derived small extracellular vesicles using single-vesicle SERS for non-small cell lung cancer detection. SENSORS & DIAGNOSTICS 2023; 2:90-99. [PMID: 36741247 PMCID: PMC9850358 DOI: 10.1039/d2sd00109h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An emerging body of research by biologists and clinicians has demonstrated the clinical application of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, also commonly referred to as exosomes) as biomarkers for cancer detections. sEVs isolated from various body fluids such as blood, saliva, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid have been used for biomarker discoveries with highly encouraging outcomes. Among the biomarkers discovered are those responsible for multiple cancer types and immune responses. These biomarkers are recapitulated from the tumor microenvironments. Yet, despite numerous discussions of sEVs in scientific literature, sEV-based biomarkers have so far played only a minor role for cancer diagnostics in the clinical setting, notably less so than other techniques such as imaging and biopsy. In this paper, we report the results of a pilot study (n = 10 from each of the patient and the control group) using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to determine the presence of sEVs related to non-small cell lung cancer in twenty clinical samples examined using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita T. Jonak
- NurLabsSan AntonioTX 78201USA,UCLA Biodesign, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA
| | - Zirui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA(310) 259 6946
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA(310) 259 6946
| | - Tieyi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA(310) 259 6946
| | - Brian V. D'Souza
- NurLabsSan AntonioTX 78201USA,UCLA Biodesign, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA
| | - J. Alan Schiaffino
- NurLabsSan AntonioTX 78201USA,UCLA Biodesign, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA
| | - Scott Oh
- NurLabsSan AntonioTX 78201USA,UCLA Biodesign, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA,UCLA Health System, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA
| | - Ya-Hong Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA(310) 259 6946,NurLabsSan AntonioTX 78201USA,UCLA Biodesign, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA,UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA
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26
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The exosome: a review of current therapeutic roles and capabilities in human reproduction. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:473-502. [PMID: 35980542 PMCID: PMC9794547 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-vesicles (30-150 nm) which may be useful as therapeutic delivery vehicles and as diagnostic biomarkers. Exosomes are produced naturally within the human body and therefore are not prone to immunogenicity effects which would otherwise destroy unelicited foreign bodies. Clinically, they have been regarded as ideal candidates for applications relating to biomarker developments for the early detection of different diseases. Furthermore, exosomes may be of interest as potential drug delivery vehicles, which may improve factors such as bioavailability of loaded molecular cargo, side effect profiles, off-target effects, and pharmacokinetics of drug molecules. In this review, the therapeutic potential of exosomes and their use as clinical biomarkers for early diagnostics will be explored, alongside exosomes as therapeutic delivery vehicles. This review will evaluate techniques for cargo loading, and the capacity of loaded exosomes to improve various reproductive disease states. It becomes important, therefore, to consider factors such as loading efficiency, loading methods, cell viability, exosomal sources, exosome isolation, and the potential therapeutic benefits of exosomes. Issues related to targeted drug delivery will also be discussed. Finally, the variety of therapeutic cargo and the application of appropriate loading methods is explored, in the context of establishing clinical utility. Exosomes have more recently been widely accpeted as potential tools for disease diagnostics and the targeted delivery of certain therapeutic molecules-and in due time exosomes will be utilised more commonly within the clinical setting. Specifically, exosomal biomarkers can be identified and related to various detrimental conditions which occur during pregnancy. Considering, this review will explore the potential future of exosomes as both diagnostic tools and therapeutic delivery vehicles to treat related conditions, including the challenges which exist towards incorporating exosomes within the clinical environment to benefit patients.
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27
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Vedarethinam V, Jeevanandam J, Acquah C, Danquah MK. Magnetic Nanoparticles for Protein Separation and Purification. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2699:125-159. [PMID: 37646997 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3362-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are essential for various functions such as brain activity and muscle contraction in humans. Even though food is a source of proteins, the bioavailability of proteins in most foods is usually limited due to matrix interaction with other biomolecules. Thus, it is essential to extract these proteins and provide them as a nutraceutical supplement to maintain protein levels and avoid protein deficiency. Hence, protein purification and extraction from natural sources are highly significant in biomedical applications. Chromatography, crude mechanical disruption, use of extractive chemicals, and electrophoresis are some of the methods applied to isolate specific proteins. Even though these methods possess several advantages, they are unable to extract specific proteins with high purity. A suitable alternative is the use of nanoparticles, which can be beneficial in protein purification and extraction. Notably, magnetic iron and iron-based nanoparticles have been employed in protein extraction processes and can be reused via demagnetization due to their magnetic property, smaller size, morphology, high surface-to-volume ratio, and surface charge-mediated property. This chapter is a summary of various magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that can be used for the biomolecular separation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadanasundari Vedarethinam
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jaison Jeevanandam
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Caleb Acquah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN, USA.
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28
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Applications of Exosomes in Diagnosing Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102027. [PMID: 36297462 PMCID: PMC9607910 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) is a subset of bladder cancer with a significant risk for metastases and death. It accounts for nearly 25% of bladder cancer diagnoses. A diagnostic work-up for MIBC is inclusive of urologic evaluation, radiographic imaging with a CT scan, urinalysis, and cystoscopy. These evaluations, especially cystoscopy, are invasive and carry the risk of secondary health concerns. Non-invasive diagnostics such as urine cytology are an attractive alternative currently being investigated to mitigate the requirement for cystoscopy. A pitfall in urine cytology is the lack of available options with high reliability, specificity, and sensitivity to malignant bladder cells. Exosomes are a novel biomarker source which could resolve some of the concerns with urine cytology, due to the high specificity as the surrogates of tumor cells. This review serves to define muscle invasive bladder cancer, current urine cytology methods, the role of exosomes in MIBC, and exosomes application as a diagnostic tool in MIBC. Urinary exosomes as the specific populations of extracellular vesicles could provide additional biomarkers with specificity and sensitivity to bladder malignancies, which are a consistent source of cellular information to direct clinicians for developing treatment strategies. Given its strong presence and differentiation ability between normal and cancerous cells, exosome-based urine cytology is highly promising in providing a perspective of a patient’s bladder cancer.
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29
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Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Protrusions in Developmental Signaling. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10040039. [PMID: 36278544 PMCID: PMC9589955 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, cells communicate with each other to determine cell fate, guide migration, and shape morphogenesis. While the relevant secreted factors and their downstream target genes have been characterized extensively, how these signals travel between embryonic cells is still emerging. Evidence is accumulating that extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are well defined in cell culture and cancer, offer a crucial means of communication in embryos. Moreover, the release and/or reception of EVs is often facilitated by fine cellular protrusions, which have a history of study in development. However, due in part to the complexities of identifying fragile nanometer-scale extracellular structures within the three-dimensional embryonic environment, the nomenclature of developmental EVs and protrusions can be ambiguous, confounding progress. In this review, we provide a robust guide to categorizing these structures in order to enable comparisons between developmental systems and stages. Then, we discuss existing evidence supporting a role for EVs and fine cellular protrusions throughout development.
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30
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Magnetic guanidyl-functionalized covalent organic framework composite: a platform for specific capture and isolation of phosphopeptides and exosomes. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:330. [PMID: 35969309 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
A guanidine-functionalized (GF) covalent organic framework (COF) nanocomposite has been developed by a post-synthetic approach for specific capture and separation of phosphopeptides and exosomes. The abundant binding sites on COF can immobilize a large number of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which can be used to react with amino groups to graft polyethyleneimine (PEI). Finally, Fe3O4@COF@Au@PEI-GF is obtained through the reaction of PEI and guanidyl group for phosphopeptides and exosomes detection. This composite shows a low detection limit (0.02 fmol), size exclusion effect (β-casein digests:Albumin from bovine serum protein = 1:10,000), good reusability (10 cycles), and high selectivity (β-casein digests:Albumin from bovine serum digests = 1:10,000). For complex biological sample, 4 phosphopeptides can be successfully identified from human serum. Furthermore, for the first time, we used guanidyl-functionalized probe to capture exosomes in human serum, providing a new method for enriching exosomes. The above experiments showed that Fe3O4@COF@Au@PEI-GF not only effectively enrich phosphopeptides and remove macromolecular proteins, but also successfully separate and capture exosomes. This demonstrates the great potential of this composite for the specific enrichment of phosphopeptides and isolation of exosomes.
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31
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Lv H, Liu H, Sun T, Wang H, Zhang X, Xu W. Exosome derived from stem cell: A promising therapeutics for wound healing. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:957771. [PMID: 36003496 PMCID: PMC9395204 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.957771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A wound occurs when the epidermis and dermis of the skin are damaged internally and externally. The traditional wound healing method is unsatisfactory, which will prolong the treatment time and increase the treatment cost, which brings economic and psychological burdens to patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new method to accelerate wound healing. As a cell-free therapy, exosome derived from stem cell (EdSC) offers new possibilities for wound healing. EdSC is the smallest extracellular vesicle secreted by stem cells with diameters of 30–150 nm and a lipid bilayer structure. Previous studies have found that EdSC can participate in and promote almost all stages of wound healing, including regulating inflammatory cells; improving activation of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells; and adjusting the ratio of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ. We reviewed the relevant knowledge of wounds; summarized the biogenesis, isolation, and identification of exosomes; and clarified the pharmacological role of exosomes in promoting wound healing. This review provides knowledge support for the pharmacological study of exosomes.
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32
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Chen X, Chen J, Chen Y, You H, Lin Y, Wu Z, Kang D, Ding C. Exosomal circular RNAs in glioma: coexistence of opportunities and challenges for application. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:00029330-990000000-00026. [PMID: 35837674 PMCID: PMC9532049 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinyuan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yue Chen
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Honghai You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanxiang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zanyi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dezhi Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Institutes of Brain Disorders and Brain Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chenyu Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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33
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Yu X, Chen X, Sun Z, Niu R, Deng Y, Wang L, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Zhang H, Wang K, Yang J, Gu W, Liu G, Luo Y. Ultracentrifugation-Free Enrichment and Quantification of Small Extracellular Vesicles. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10337-10345. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingle Yu
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Zixin Sun
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Ruyan Niu
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Yun Deng
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Liu Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Jichun Yang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gu
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Yang Luo
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuling Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 408099, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 402260, P.R. China
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Dual selective sensor for exosomes in serum using magnetic imprinted polymer isolation sandwiched with aptamer/graphene oxide based FRET fluorescent ignition. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 207:114112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zhang J, Zhu Y, Guan M, Liu Y, Lv M, Zhang C, Zhang H, Zhang Z. Isolation of circulating exosomes and identification of exosomal PD-L1 for predicting immunotherapy response. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8995-9003. [PMID: 35700522 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00829g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, a subgroup of extracellular vesicles secreted by multiple cells, have great potential as cancer biomarkers in clinical applications. However, enrichment and detection of exosomes from complex media remain a huge challenge due to their small size. Herein, we used iodixanol density gradient centrifugation for the isolation and purification of exosomes and label-free detection of exosomal PD-L1 using a biochip based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR-ExoPD-L1). The obtained exosomes are lipid-bilayer vesicles and the classical exosome markers CD9, CD63 and CD81 are highly enriched. Besides, PD-L1 is specifically expressed on exosomes instead of non-vesicular components or large extracellular vesicles. Compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, the SPR-ExoPD-L1 assay could better distinguish exosomes derived from melanoma cells with different levels of PD-L1. Accurate measurement of exosomal PD-L1 could provide critical clinical information for cancer diagnosis and personalized immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Mengting Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Min Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Chongwei Zhang
- Henan Institute of Veterinary Drug and Feed Control, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Hongling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Lin H, Chen H, Zhao X, Ding T, Wang Y, Chen Z, Tian Y, Zhang P, Shen Y. Advances of exosomes in periodontitis treatment. Lab Invest 2022; 20:279. [PMID: 35729576 PMCID: PMC9210629 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease initiated by dysbiosis of the local microbial community. Periodontitis can result in destruction of tooth-supporting tissue; however, overactivation of the host immune response is the main reason for alveolar bone loss. Periodontal tissue cells, immune cells, and even further activated osteoclasts and neutrophils play pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory roles. Traditional therapies for periodontitis are effective in reducing the microbial quantities and improving the clinical symptoms of periodontitis. However, these methods are non-selective, and it is still challenging to achieve an ideal treatment effect in clinics using the currently available treatments and approaches. Exosomes have shown promising potential in various preclinical and clinical studies, including in the diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis. Exos can be secreted by almost all types of cells, containing specific substances of cells: RNA, free fatty acids, proteins, surface receptors and cytokines. Exos act as local and systemic intercellular communication medium, play significant roles in various biological functions, and regulate physiological and pathological processes in numerous diseases. Exos-based periodontitis diagnosis and treatment strategies have been reported to obtain the potential to overcome the drawbacks of traditional therapies. This review focuses on the accumulating evidence from the last 5 years, indicating the therapeutic potential of the Exos in preclinical and clinical studies of periodontitis. Recent advances on Exos-based periodontitis diagnosis and treatment strategies, existing challenges, and prospect are summarized as guidance to improve the effectiveness of Exos on periodontitis in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Lin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huishan Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuetao Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Ding
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Tian
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Shen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People's Republic of China.
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Yakubovich EI, Polischouk AG, Evtushenko VI. Principles and Problems of Exosome Isolation from Biological Fluids. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2022; 16:115-126. [PMID: 35730027 PMCID: PMC9202659 DOI: 10.1134/s1990747822030096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, the subclass of small membrane extracellular vesicles, have great diagnostic and therapeutic potential, but the lack of standardized methods for their efficient isolation and analysis limits the introduction of exosomal technologies into clinical practice. This review discusses the problems associated with the isolation of exosomes from biological fluids, as well as the principles of traditional and alternative methods of isolation. The aim of the presented review is to illustrate the variety of approaches based on the physical and biochemical properties of exosomes that can be used for exosome isolation. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. I. Yakubovich
- Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. G. Polischouk
- Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. I. Evtushenko
- Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Lin AA, Nimgaonkar V, Issadore D, Carpenter EL. Extracellular Vesicle-Based Multianalyte Liquid Biopsy as a Diagnostic for Cancer. Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci 2022; 5:269-292. [PMID: 35562850 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-122120-113218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is the analysis of materials shed by tumors into circulation, such as circulating tumor cells, nucleic acids, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), for the diagnosis and management of cancer. These assays have rapidly evolved with recent FDA approvals of single biomarkers in patients with advanced metastatic disease. However, they have lacked sensitivity or specificity as a diagnostic in early-stage cancer, primarily due to low concentrations in circulating plasma. EVs, membrane-enclosed nanoscale vesicles shed by tumor and other cells into circulation, are a promising liquid biopsy analyte owing to their protein and nucleic acid cargoes carried from their mother cells, their surface proteins specific to their cells of origin, and their higher concentrations over other noninvasive biomarkers across disease stages. Recently, the combination of EVs with non-EV biomarkers has driven improvements in sensitivity and accuracy; this has been fueled by the use of machine learning (ML) to algorithmically identify and combine multiple biomarkers into a composite biomarker for clinical prediction. This review presents an analysis of EV isolation methods, surveys approaches for and issues with using ML in multianalyte EV datasets, and describes best practices for bringing multianalyte liquid biopsy to clinical implementation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biomedical Data Science, Volume 5 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Lin
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; .,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vivek Nimgaonkar
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - David Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erica L Carpenter
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
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Yang L, Patel KD, Rathnam C, Thangam R, Hou Y, Kang H, Lee KB. Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles for Biomedical Applications Using Multifunctional Magnetic Nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104783. [PMID: 35132796 PMCID: PMC9344859 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (e.g., exosomes) carrying various biomolecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) have rapidly emerged as promising platforms for many biomedical applications. Despite their enormous potential, their heterogeneity in surfaces and sizes, the high complexity of cargo biomolecules, and the inefficient uptake by recipient cells remain critical barriers for their theranostic applications. To address these critical issues, multifunctional nanomaterials, such as magnetic nanomaterials, with their tunable physical, chemical, and biological properties, may play crucial roles in next-generation extracellular vesicles (EV)-based disease diagnosis, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. As such, one aims to provide cutting-edge knowledge pertaining to magnetic nanomaterials-facilitated isolation, detection, and delivery of extracellular vesicles and their associated biomolecules. By engaging the fields of extracellular vesicles and magnetic nanomaterials, it is envisioned that their properties can be effectively combined for optimal outcomes in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kapil D. Patel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher Rathnam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ramar Thangam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yannan Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Heemin Kang
- CORRESPONDENCE: Prof. Heemin Kang, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea, Phone: +82-2-3290-3853, , https://www.dynamicnano.org/; Prof. Ki-Bum Lee, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Tel. +1-848-445-2081; Fax: +1-732-445-5312, , https://kblee.rutgers.edu/
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- CORRESPONDENCE: Prof. Heemin Kang, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea, Phone: +82-2-3290-3853, , https://www.dynamicnano.org/; Prof. Ki-Bum Lee, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Tel. +1-848-445-2081; Fax: +1-732-445-5312, , https://kblee.rutgers.edu/
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Bağcı C, Sever-Bahcekapili M, Belder N, Bennett APS, Erdener ŞE, Dalkara T. Overview of extracellular vesicle characterization techniques and introduction to combined reflectance and fluorescence confocal microscopy to distinguish extracellular vesicle subpopulations. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:021903. [PMID: 35386596 PMCID: PMC8978261 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.2.021903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles (30 to 1000 nm in diameter) surrounded by a lipid-bilayer which carry bioactive molecules between local and distal cells and participate in intercellular communication. Because of their small size and heterogenous nature they are challenging to characterize. Here, we discuss commonly used techniques that have been employed to yield information about EV size, concentration, mechanical properties, and protein content. These include dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, western blotting, and optical methods including super-resolution microscopy. We also introduce an innovative technique for EV characterization which involves immobilizing EVs on a microscope slide before staining them with antibodies targeting EV proteins, then using the reflectance mode on a confocal microscope to locate the EV plane. By then switching to the microscope's fluorescence mode, immunostained EVs bearing specific proteins can be identified and the heterogeneity of an EV preparation can be determined. This approach does not require specialist equipment beyond the confocal microscopes that are available in many cell biology laboratories, and because of this, it could become a complementary approach alongside the aforementioned techniques to identify molecular heterogeneity in an EV preparation before subsequent analysis requiring specialist apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Bağcı
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
- Bahçeşehir University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Nevin Belder
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University, Institute of Biotechnology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adam P. S. Bennett
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şefik Evren Erdener
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
- Address all correspondence to Şefik Evren Erdener, ; Turgay Dalkara,
| | - Turgay Dalkara
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
- Address all correspondence to Şefik Evren Erdener, ; Turgay Dalkara,
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Agrahari S, Kumar Gautam R, Kumar Singh A, Tiwari I. Nanoscale materials-based hybrid frameworks modified electrochemical biosensors for early cancer diagnostics: An overview of current trends and challenges. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Wang Y, Wang S, Chen A, Wang R, Li L, Fang X. Efficient exosome subpopulation isolation and proteomic profiling using a Sub-ExoProfile chip towards cancer diagnosis and treatment. Analyst 2022; 147:4237-4248. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01268e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deconstruction of the heterogeneity of surface marker-dependent exosome subpopulations by the Sub-ExoProfile chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shurong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Aipeng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ruoke Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lanting Li
- Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Shanghai, 201208, China
| | - Xiaoni Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Improving Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles by Utilizing Nanomaterials. MEMBRANES 2021; 12:membranes12010055. [PMID: 35054584 PMCID: PMC8780510 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) as the new form of cellular communication have been demonstrated their potential use for disease diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. EVs are vesicles with a lipid bilayer and are present in various biofluids, such as blood, saliva and urine. Therefore, EVs have emerged as one of the most appealing sources for the discovery of clinical biomarkers. However, isolation of the target EVs from different biofluids is required for the use of EVs as diagnostic and therapeutic entities in clinical settings. Owing to their unique properties and versatile functionalities, nanomaterials have been widely investigated for EV isolation with the aim to provide rapid, simple, and efficient EV enrichment. Herein, this review presents the progress of nanomaterial-based isolations for EVs over the past five years (from 2017 to 2021) and discusses the use of nanomaterials for EV isolations based on the underlying mechanism in order to offer insights into the design of nanomaterials for EV isolations.
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Morasso C, Ricciardi A, Sproviero D, Truffi M, Albasini S, Piccotti F, Sottotetti F, Mollica L, Cereda C, Sorrentino L, Corsi F. Fast quantification of extracellular vesicles levels in early breast cancer patients by Single Molecule Detection Array (SiMoA). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 192:65-74. [PMID: 34935096 PMCID: PMC8841315 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preliminary reports suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs) might be a promising biomarker for breast cancer (BC). However, the quantification of plasmatic levels of EVs is a complex task. To overcome these limitations, we developed a new, fast, and easy to use assay for the quantification of EVs directly in plasma based on the use of Single-Molecule Array (SiMoA). METHODS By using SiMoA to identify CD9+/CD63+ EVs, we analyzed plasma samples of 181 subjects (95 BC and 86 healthy controls, HC). A calibration curve, made of a serial dilution of lyophilized standards from human plasma, was used in each run to ensure the obtainment of quantitative results from the assay. In a subgroup of patients, EVs concentrations were estimated in plasma before and after 30 days from cancer surgery. Additional information on the size of EVs were also acquired using a Nanosight system to obtain a clearer understanding of the mechanism underlying the releases of EVs associated with the presence of cancer. RESULTS The measured levels of EVs resulted significantly higher in BC patients (median values 1179.1 ng/µl vs 613.0 ng/µl, p < 0.0001). ROC curve was used to define the optimal cut-off level of the test at 1034.5 ng/µl with an AUC of 0.75 [95% CI 0.68-0.82]. EVs plasmatic concentrations significantly decreased after cancer surgery compared to baseline values (p = 0.014). No correlation was found between EVs concentration and clinical features of BC. CONCLUSION SiMoA assay allows plasmatic EVs levels detection directly without any prior processing. EVs levels are significantly higher in BC patients and significantly decreases after cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Morasso
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ricciardi
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daisy Sproviero
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Truffi
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Albasini
- Breast Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Piccotti
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federico Sottotetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ludovica Mollica
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Sorrentino
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Breast Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi, 74, 20157, Milan, Italy.
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Lee S, Crulhas BP, Suvakov S, Verkhoturov SV, Verkhoturov DS, Eller MJ, Malhi H, Garovic VD, Schweikert EA, Stybayeva G, Revzin A. Nanoparticle-Enabled Multiplexed Electrochemical Immunoassay for Detection of Surface Proteins on Extracellular Vesicles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:52321-52332. [PMID: 34709783 PMCID: PMC11235089 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer particles secreted from various cells. EVs carry molecular information of parent cells and hold considerable promise for early disease diagnostics. This paper describes a general strategy for multiplexed immunosensing of EV surface proteins, focusing on surface markers CD63, CD81, nephrin, and podocin to prove the concept. This sensing strategy entailed functionalizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with two types of antibodies and then tagging with metal ions, either Pb2+ or Cu2+. The metal ions served as redox reporters, generating unique redox peaks at -0.23 and 0.28 V (vs Ag/AgCl) during electrochemical oxidation of Pb2+ and Cu2+, respectively. Capture of EVs on the working electrode, followed by labeling with immunoprobes and square wave voltammetry, produced redox currents proportional to concentrations of EVs and levels of expression of EV surface markers. Importantly, metal-ion tagging of immunoprobes enabled detection of two EV surface markers simultaneously from the same electrode. We demonstrated dual detection of either CD63/CD81 or podocin/nephrin surface markers from urinary EVs. The NP-enabled immunoassay had a sensitivity of 2.46 × 105 particles/mL (or 40.3 pg/mL) for CD63- and 5.80 × 105 particles/mL (or 47.7 pg/mL) for CD81-expressing EVs and a linear range of four orders of magnitude. The limit of detection for podocin and nephrin was 3.1 and 3.8 pg/mL, respectively. In the future, the capacity for multiplexing may be increased by extending the repertoire of metal ions used for redox tagging of AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonhwa Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minesotta 55905, United States
| | - Bruno P Crulhas
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minesotta 55905, United States
| | - Sonja Suvakov
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minesotta 55905, United States
| | | | - Dmitriy S Verkhoturov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael J Eller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minesotta 55905, United States
| | - Vesna D Garovic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minesotta 55905, United States
| | - Emile A Schweikert
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minesotta 55905, United States
- Sersense Inc., Rochester, Minesotta 55905, United States
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minesotta 55905, United States
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Chen W, Xie Y, Chang Y, Xu Y, Zhao M, Deng P, Qin J, Li H. A Portable Device for Simple Exosome Separation from Biological Samples. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101182. [PMID: 34683233 PMCID: PMC8537198 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-bound nanovesicles secreted by most types of cells, which contain a series of biologically important molecules, such as miRNAs, proteins, and lipids, etc. Emerging evidence show that exosomes can affect the physiological status of cells and are involved in various pathological processes. However, due to their small size and density close to body fluids, it is challenging to separate exosomes from a small volume of biological samples in a simple manner. Herein, we propose a new strategy for isolating circulating exosomes from biological samples in a portable device. This method synergistically integrates chitosan electrostatic-adsorption, scaffold substrates, and shuttle flow to enable the highly effective capture of circulating exosomes with a recovery rate of over 80% within 20 min, which is much better than the performance of traditional ultracentrifugation (5–25%, 3 h). Besides, the isolated exosomes from samples could be lysed in situ and further subjected to RNA concentration detection and protein analysis. In particular, all the necessary procedures for exosome separation could be integrated into a single device without the need for bulky equipment. This established device is portable and easy to operate, which provides a promising platform for the study of exosome biology and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (W.C.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (P.D.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (W.C.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (P.D.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Yuang Chang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (Y.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yuhai Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (Y.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Mengqian Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (W.C.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (P.D.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Pengwei Deng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (W.C.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (P.D.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (W.C.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (P.D.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (J.Q.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongjing Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (Y.C.); (Y.X.)
- Correspondence: (J.Q.); (H.L.)
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47
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Chen QY, Wen T, Wu P, Jia R, Zhang R, Dang J. Exosomal Proteins and miRNAs as Mediators of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:718803. [PMID: 34568332 PMCID: PMC8461026 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.718803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the neurobiology and neurogenerative diseases have attracted growing interest in exosomes and their ability to carry and propagate active biomolecules as a means to reprogram recipient cells. Alterations in exosomal protein content and nucleic acid profiles found in human biological fluids have been correlated with various diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In ALS pathogenesis, these lipid-bound nanoscale vesicles have emerged as valuable candidates for diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, their capacity to spread misfolded proteins and functional non-coding RNAs to interconnected neuronal cells make them putative mediators for the progressive motor degeneration found remarkably apparent in ALS. This review outlines current knowledge concerning the biogenesis, heterogeneity, and function of exosomes in the brain as well as a comprehensive probe of currently available literature on ALS-related exosomal proteins and microRNAs. Lastly, with the rapid development of employing nanoparticles for drug delivery, we explore the therapeutic potentials of exosomes as well as underlying limitations in current isolation and detection methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Wen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingxia Dang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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48
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Zhao W, Zhang L, Ye Y, Li Y, Luan X, Liu J, Cheng J, Zhao Y, Li M, Huang C. Microsphere mediated exosome isolation and ultra-sensitive detection on a dielectrophoresis integrated microfluidic device. Analyst 2021; 146:5962-5972. [PMID: 34494041 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes have been recognized as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis because they are actively involved in cancer progression and metastasis. However, progress in practical exosome analysis is still slow due to the limitation in exosome isolation and detection. The development of microfluidic devices has provided a promising analytical platform compared with traditional methods. In this study, we develop an exosome isolation and detection method based on a microfluidic device (ExoDEP-chip), which realized microsphere mediated dielectrophoretic isolation and immunoaffinity detection. Exosomes were firstly isolated by binding to antibodies pre-immobilized on the polystyrene (PS) microsphere surface and were further detected using fluorescently labeled antibodies by fluorescence microscopy. Single microspheres were then trapped into single microwells under the DEP force in the ExoDEP-chip. A wide range from 1.4 × 103 to 1.4 × 108 exosomes per mL with a detection limit of 193 exosomes per mL was obtained. Through monitoring five proteins (CD81, CEA, EpCAM, CD147, and AFP) of exosomes from three different cell lines (A549, HEK293, and HepG2), a significant difference in marker expression levels was observed in different cell lines. Therefore, this method has good prospects in exosome-based tumor marker detection and cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingqian Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yifei Ye
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuang Li
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaofeng Luan
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Cheng
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengjun Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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49
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Fan C, Zhao N, Cui K, Chen G, Chen Y, Wu W, Li Q, Cui Y, Li R, Xiao Z. Ultrasensitive Exosome Detection by Modularized SERS Labeling for Postoperative Recurrence Surveillance. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3234-3241. [PMID: 34472832 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exosome-based liquid biopsy holds great potential in monitoring tumor progression. Current exosome detection biosensors rely on signal amplification strategies to improve sensitivity; however, these strategies pay little attention to manipulating the number of signal reporters, limiting the rational optimization of the biosensors. Here, we have developed a modularized surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) labeling strategy, where each Raman reporter is coupled with lysine as a signal-lysine module, and thus the number of Raman reporters can be precisely controlled by the modularized solid-phase peptide synthesis. Using this strategy, we screened out an optimum Raman biosensor for ultrasensitive exosome detection, with the limit of detection of 2.4 particles per microliter. This biosensor enables a successful detection of the tumor with an average diameter of approximately 3.55 mm, and thus enables successful surveillance of the postoperative tumor recurrence in mice models and distinguishing cancer patients from healthy subjects. Our work provides a de novo strategy to precisely amplify signals toward a myriad of biosensor-related medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Gaoxian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wenwei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yanna Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Ruike Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
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